Study Guide
Chapter 9, Sections 3 and 4
Revival – public meetings intended to renew commitment to Christian faith
Utopia – perfect societies
Joseph Smith – founder of the Mormon religion. Began in New York State
Mormons – religion that was founded by Joseph Smith after he claimed to have been given revelations
from God
Polygamy – the act of having more than one wife, widely accepted by Mormons but illegal in all 50
states
Ann Lee – known as “Mother Ann”, the leader of the Shaker religion
Shakers – religion that praised God in song and dance, also preached celibacy, eventually spread to 8
states
Celibacy – the act of abstaining from sex
Brook Farm – non-religious attempt at creating a utopia that lasted several years until it collapsed from
debt
Fruitlands – failed attempt at creating a utopia that refused to “enslave” horses for farmwork
Horace Mann – early educational reformer from Massachusetts – felt only educated citizens could make
democracy work
Educational Reforms of early 1800s
1. School year lengthened to at least 6 months
2. Funds for education doubled
3. Teacher salaries increased
4. Schools set up to train teachers
Dorothea Dix – early reformer in the field of mental health
Temperance – moderation in the use of alcohol, the idea was supported by many women during the
mid 1800s
Elizabeth Cady Stanton – early women’s rights leader, delivered the “Declaration of Sentiments” at the
Seneca Falls convention
Lucretia Mott – early women’s rights leader who worked closely with Stanton
Seneca Falls Convention – large meeting of both men and women that met at Seneca Falls to discuss
women’s rights
Declaration of Sentiments – document based on the Declaration of Independence that asked that
women be given equal rights
Susan B. Anthony – women’s rights advocate that worked closely with Stanton and delivered many of
speeches written by Stanton
Sojourner Truth – escaped slave that campaigned for women’s rights and abolition
American Colonization Society – organization that wanted to free all slaves, then send all Africans back
to Africa. They purchased Liberia for this purpose
Underground Railroad – network of trails and houses used for escaped slaves on their way north
Harriet Tubman – escaped slave who was one of the leaders of the Underground Railroad
William Lloyd Garrison – rich white northern abolitionist, owner of an abolitionist newspaper called the
Liberator
Frederick Douglass – escaped slave who founded his own abolitionist newspaper called the North Star
David Walker – a free black from Boston that urged violent resistance to slavery, he was murdered
outside his office
American Anti-Slavery Society – group of northerners, mostly rich whites, who organized in opposition
to slavery, eventually grew to over 200,000 members
Elijah Lovejoy – abolitionist preacher from Illinois that was shot and killed by anti-abolition rioters
Gag rule – rule that prevented Congress from discussing anti-slavery petitions
John Quincy Adams – leading opponent of the gag rule, he felt it violated the first amendment right of
petition
The Liberator – abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison
The North Star – abolitionist newspaper founded by Frederick Douglass
Abolitionism – movement to get rid of slavery