INDIVIDUAL NUCLIDE INFORMATION
900.10
Tritium
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta
19 keV Emax
12.28 years (long-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Not required
Approximately 6 mm
Not required
Required
Sewer Releases Allowed
8.0 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 1 x 10-7 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 2 x 10-8 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Not applicable
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 20,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 2,200 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Not applicable
Activity Level Required for Labeling
1000 μCi or greater
52
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.20
Carbon-14
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta
156 keV Emax
5730 years (long-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Not required
Approximately 30 cm
Not required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
1.5 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 3 x 10-9 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 6 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Not applicable
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 20,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 2,200 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Not applicable
Activity Level Required for Labeling
100 μCi or greater
53
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.30
Phosphorus-32
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta
1710 keV Emax
14.3 days (short-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Acrylic plastic, 3/8" thick
Approximately 610 cm
Required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.15 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 5 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 1 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Thin-window GM detector
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 2,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 220 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Restricted area - 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 1,100 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Activity Level Required for Labeling
10 μCi or greater
54
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.40
Phosphorus-33
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta
249 keV Emax
25.4 days (short-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Acrylic plastic, 1/4" thick
Approximately 60 cm
Required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.15 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 4 x 10-9 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 8 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Thin-window GM detector
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 2,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 220 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Restricted area - 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 1,100 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Activity Level Required for Labeling
100 μCi or greater
55
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.50 Sulfur-35
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta
167 keV Emax
87.4 days (short-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Not required
Approximately 30 cm
Not required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.15 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 3 x 10-9 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 6 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Not applicable
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 20,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 2,200 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Not applicable
Activity Level Required for Labeling
100 μCi or greater
56
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.60
Calcium-45
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta
257 keV Emax
163 days (long-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Acrylic plastic, 1/4" thick
Approximately 60 cm
Required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.15 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 1 x 10-9 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 2 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Thin-window GM detector
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 2,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 220 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Restricted area - 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 1,100 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Activity Level Required for Labeling
100 μCi or greater
57
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.70
Chromium-51
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Gamma
320 keV
27.7 days (short-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Lead, half-value layer thickness = 1.7
mm
Significant
Required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.15 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 3 x 10-8 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 6 x 10-9 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Gamma counter or thin-window GM detector
Survey meter:
GM detector
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 20,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 2,200 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Restricted area - 110,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Activity Level Required for Labeling
1000 μCi or greater
58
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.80
Cadmium-109
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Gamma/x-ray
22 - 88 keV (gamma)
464 days (long-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Lead, half-value layer thickness
= 0.4 mm
Significant
Required
Not required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.15 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 7 x 10-11 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 1.4 x 10-11 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Gamma counter or thin-window GM detector
Survey meter:
Thin-window GM detector or thin crystal scintillation detector
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 2,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted use - 220 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Restricted area - 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 1,100 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Activity Level Required for Labeling
1 μCi or greater
59
Reviewed 3/17/2010
900.90
Iodine-125
Type of Radiation
Energy of Radiation
Half-Life
Beta/Gamma
27 - 35 keV (gamma)
60 days (short-lived)
Shielding
Range (In Air)
Dosimetry
Bioassay
Lead, half-value layer thickness = 0.04 mm
Significant
Required
Required
Sewer Releases Allowed
0.08 mCi/month/authorized user group
Air Concentration Allowed
Restricted area - 3 x 10-10 μCi/ml
Unrestricted area - 6 x 10-11 μCi/ml
Recommended Contamination
Survey Method
Wipe tests:
Gamma counter or liquid scintillation counting
Survey meter:
Thin-window GM detector or thin crystal scintillation detector
Allowable Contamination Levels
Wipe tests:
Restricted area - 2,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 220 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Survey meter:
Restricted area - 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Unrestricted area - 1,100 dpm/100 cm2 above background
Activity Level Required for Labeling
1 μCi or greater
60
Reviewed 3/17/2010
238
900‐91 U
Uranium‐238 (Natural or depleted) Type of Radiation Alpha Energy of Radiation 4.2 MeV Half‐Life 4.5 Billion Year Shielding Not required for quantities less than 7 kg Range (In air) Insignificant (internal hazard only) Dosimetry Not required Bioassay Not Required Sewer Release Allowed 0.15 mCi/month/authorized user Air Concentration Allowed Restricted area – Unrestricted area – Specific Activity DU NU Wipe Tests: Liquid Scintillation counting Frequency: Biannual. Monthly if more than 100 g being used/month. After sewer releases. Survey meter: Thin‐window GM detector Allowable Contamination Levels Wipe tests: 5.0x10‐7 Ci/g 7.1x10‐7 Ci/g Recommended Contamination Survey Method Restricted area – 20,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background Unrestricted area – 2,200 dpm/100 cm2 above background Survey meter: Restricted area – 11,000 dpm/100 cm2 above background Unrestricted area – 1,100 dpm/100 cm2 above background Activity Level Required for Labeling 100 µCi (200 g of DU or 141 g of NU) Page 64 6 x 10‐10 µCi/ml 2 x 10‐12 µCi/ml 900.99 Other Nuclides - For nuclides not listed, contact the radiation safety officer for necessary information.
61
Reviewed 3/17/2010