Work hard. Be nice.
Name: ____________________________________
General Chemistry
Period: ________
UNIT 12: Solutions
Date:___________________
KIPP NYC College Prep
Lesson 1: Factors Affecting Solubility
By the end of today, you will have an answer to:
What determines whether or not something will dissolve?
Do Now:
Take out your spring break assignment (Things You Need to Know). Review the different flash cards and write
down two questions you still have on the topics we have learned so far this year.
1.
2.
Kicking it old school: (WHAT IS THIS?!)
What is a solution?
 A solution is a ____________________________ mixture of substances.

There are 2 parts of a solution:
1) ________________________________
2) ________________________________
Quick Practice:
Solution
NaCl (aq)
C6H12O6 (aq)
Solute
Solvent
AgNO3 (aq)
1
Work hard. Be nice.
Soluble/Insoluble?
Homogeneous or
Heterogeneous?
Dissolves or does not dissolve?
FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY
Effect
Factor
Exceptions
QUESTION: How is the process of dissolving different from collision theory?
POLARITY:
 Unequal sharing of electrons in a chemical bond due to large difference in electronegativity
What trends do you see?
Factor
Solute Type
Nonpolar solvent
Polar Solvent
Non-polar
Soluble
Insoluble
Polar
Insoluble
Soluble
Effect
Exceptions
Polarity
WATER IS POLAR
Directions: Based on the solubility data, determine whether the solute is polar or non-polar.
Solute
Solubility
Polar or non-polar
Oxygen (O2)
Insoluble
Glucose (C6H12O6)
Soluble
Hexane
Insoluble
Nitrogen (N2)
Insoluble
QUESTION: How can you determine the polarity of a substance based on its solubility in water?
SUMMARIZING QUESTIONS:
1. What four factors affect solubility?
2. What increases solubility for liquids and solids?
3. What increases solubility for gases?
2
Work hard. Be nice.
Name: _________________________________
KIPP NYC College Prep
CW 12.1- Factors Affecting Solubility
PART 1: Review of Matter
1. In the formula for water, H2O, the number 2
refers to the number of
(1) Hydrogens and oxygens
(2) Hydrogens only
(3) Waters
(4) Oxygens only
2. The number of atoms in Cu3PO4is
(1) 8
(3) 4
(2) 5
(4) 19
Pd: ________
Date: ___________________
General Chemistry
10 points
8. Identify the solute and the solvent
Solution
CuSO4 (aq)
Solute
Solvent
NaCl is
dissolved in
methanol
Solution of
green food
coloring in
water
3. A compound consists of
(1) one element
(2) two or more substances.
(3) two or more elements NOT chemically
combined
(4) two or more elements chemically
combined
9. Which of these terms refers to matter that
could be heterogeneous?
(1) Element
(3) mixture
(2) Compound
(4) solution
4. A bottle of green food coloring, which was left
standing on a shelf for a long time, separated
into distinct blue and yellow layers. The food
coloring was most likely
(1) an element
(3) a compound
(2) a mixture
(4) changing phase
10. Bronze contains 90 to 95 percent copper and 5
to 10 percent tin. Because these percentages
can vary, bronze is classified as
(1) A compound
(3) A mixture
(2) A substance
(4) An
element
5. Which of the following is a mixture?
(1) salt
(2) silver
(3) soup
(4) sugar
11. Matter that is composed of two or more
different elements chemically combined in a
fixed proportion is classified as:
(1) A compound
(2) A mixture
(3) An isotope
(4) A solution
6. A solution of AgNO3 is considered a
(1) heterogeneous mixture
(2) homogeneous mixture
(3) heterogeneous compound
(4) homogeneous compound
7. Which formula represents a compound?
(1) Ca
(2) Cr
(3) CO
(4) Co
12. Which of the following is NOT a property of an
element?
(1) It is found on the Periodic table.
(2) It is a pure substance.
(3) It can be broken apart chemically.
(4) It cannot be broken apart physically.
13. The statements in question 2 are not true of an
element. However, they are all true
statements for describing a (an)
_______________________________________.
3
Work hard. Be nice.
PART II: Solubility
14. The solubility of KCl (s) in water depends on
the
(1) Pressure on the solution
(2) Rate of stirring
(3) Size of KCl sample
(4) Temperature of the water
15. Most polar substances are soluble in water
because water molecules are
(1) nonpolar
(2) covalent
(3) polar
(4) inorganic
16. Nonpolar solvents will most easily dissolve
solids that are
(1) ionic
(2) covalent
(3) nonpolar
(4) polar
17. As the temperature rises, the solubility of all
gases in water
(1) decreases
(2) increases
(3) remains the same
(4) depends on the gas
18. Under which conditions are gases most
soluble in water?
(1) high temperature and high pressure
(2) high temperature and low pressure
(3) low temperature and high pressure
(4) low temperature and low pressure
19. Scientists who study aquatic ecosystems are often interested in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in
water. Oxygen, O2, has a very low solubility in water, and therefore its solubility is usually expressed in
units of milligrams per 1000.grams of water at 1.0 atmosphere. The graph below shows a solubility curve
of oxygen in water.
Explain, in terms of molecular polarity, why oxygen gas has low solubility in water. Your response must
include both oxygen and water. [1]
4
Work hard. Be nice.
Name: _________________________________
KIPP NYC College Prep
HW 12.1- Factors Affecting Solubility
Pd: ________
Date: ___________________
General Chemistry
10 points
Part 1: Short Answer
1. Explain why each trend for solubility makes sense IN TERMS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SOLUTE
AND THE SOLVENT.
2. Explain why collision theory is not as applicable to solubility as it is to chemical reactions.
3. When cola, a type of soda pop, is manufactured, CO2 (g) is dissolved in it.
a) A capped bottle of cola contains CO2 (g) under high pressure. When the cap is removed, how does pressure
affect the solubility of the dissolved CO2 (g)?
b) A glass of cold cola is left to stand 5 minutes at room temperature. How does temperature affect the
solubility of the CO2 (g)?
Name: _________________________________
KIPP NYC College Prep
HW 12.1- Factors Affecting Solubility
Pd: ________
Date: ___________________
General Chemistry
10 points
Part 1: Short Answer
1. Explain why each trend for solubility makes sense IN TERMS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SOLUTE
AND THE SOLVENT.
2. Explain why collision theory is not as applicable to solubility as it is to chemical reactions.
3. When cola, a type of soda pop, is manufactured, CO2 (g) is dissolved in it.
a) A capped bottle of cola contains CO2 (g) under high pressure. When the cap is removed, how does pressure
affect the solubility of the dissolved CO2 (g)?
b) A glass of cold cola is left to stand 5 minutes at room temperature. How does temperature affect the
solubility of the CO2 (g)?
5
Work hard. Be nice.
Part II: Regents Practice
4. Ionic solids will most likely dissolve in
(1) H2O(l), which is a polar solvent
(2) H2O(l), which is a nonpolar solvent
(3) CCl4(l), which is a polar solid
(4) CCl4(l), which is a nonpolar solvent
5. As the pressure on a gas confined above a liquid
increases, the solubility of the gas in the liquid
(1) decreases
(2) increases
(3) remains the same
6. The solubility of KClO3(s) in water increases as
the
(1) temperature of the solution increases
(2) temperature of the solution decreases
(3) pressure on the solution increases
(4) pressure on the solution decreases
Part II: Regents Practice
4. Ionic solids will most likely dissolve in
(1) H2O(l), which is a polar solvent
(2) H2O(l), which is a nonpolar solvent
(3) CCl4(l), which is a polar solid
(4) CCl4(l), which is a nonpolar solvent
5. As the pressure on a gas confined above a liquid
increases, the solubility of the gas in the liquid
(1) decreases
(2) increases
(3) remains the same
6. The solubility of KClO3(s) in water increases as
the
(1) temperature of the solution increases
(2) temperature of the solution decreases
(3) pressure on the solution increases
(4) pressure on the solution decreases
7. Hexane (C6H14) and water do not form a
solution. Which statement explains this
phenomenon?
(1) Hexane is polar and water is nonpolar.
(2) Hexane is ionic and water is polar.
(3) Hexane is nonpolar and water is polar.
(4) Hexane is nonpolar and water is ionic.
8. At room temperature, the solubility of which
solute in water would be most affected by a
change in pressure?
(1) methanol
(2) sugar
(3) carbon dioxide
(4) sodium nitrate
7. Hexane (C6H14) and water do not form a
solution. Which statement explains this
phenomenon?
(1) Hexane is polar and water is nonpolar.
(2) Hexane is ionic and water is polar.
(3) Hexane is nonpolar and water is polar.
(4) Hexane is nonpolar and water is ionic.
8. At room temperature, the solubility of which
solute in water would be most affected by a
change in pressure?
(1) methanol
(2) sugar
(3) carbon dioxide
(4) sodium nitrate
6