INTERPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
TELOPHASE
PROPHASE
CELL CYCLE
ANAPHASE
METAPHASE
What happens when the cell
cycle becomes unregulated?!
TUMOURS
A mass of cells that form due to unchecked
cell growth
HOW DOES THE CELL CYCLE BECOME
UNCHECKED?
DNA mutates! These changes are permanent and are
passed on to new cells. This may cause the cell to
divide continually.
NORMAL
CANCER
BENIGN
• Doesn’t invade
other cells
• Doesn’t spread
• Usually harmless
MALIGNANT
• Little time spent in
interphase
•Damages and
destroys other cells
Unchecked around it
cell
• Spreads to other
division parts of body
CANCER
Uncontrolled, rapid division of cells that damage and
destroy other cells
METASTASIS
Cancer spreads to other parts of body
WHAT CAUSES CANCER?
LIFESTYLE + ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
CAUSE OF 90 – 95 % OF CANCERS!
TOBACCO: 25 – 30%
• Lung, larynx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney,
esophagus, and pancreas
• has 50 known carcinogens
DIET AND OBESITY: 30 – 35%
↓ foods/drinks that increase weight gain
• ↓ red and processed meat
• ↓ salt intake
• ↑ plant-based food
VIRAL INFECTIONS: 15 – 20%
• Human papillomavirus – cervical cancer
• Hepatitis B and C – liver cancer
GENETICS: 5 – 10%
Inherited
• Breast, colon, brain, ovarian cancer
• Genetic testing
OTHER
•
•
•
•
Radiation
Stress
Lack of physical activity
Environmental pollutants
Your Task
Read pages 50 – 55 in the text and answer
questions 4 – 10 on page 55 for your notes.
(Creates a summary of this section for you).
Make sure you understand all the definitions in
this section.