HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 1
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
1724 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20009
(202) 234-5570
Interviews: 2,009 adults
Dates: June 7-13, 2012
FINAL
Study #10000b
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
June 2012
Please note: all results are shown as percentages unless otherwise stated.
1a.
On the whole, would you say that you are satisfied or dissatisfied with the future facing you and your family?
Satisfied............................................
Dissatisfied .......................................
Not sure..........................................
1b.
2.
All
Adults
35
44
21
Age 54
And Under
36
41
23
Age 55
And Over
32
49
19
[123]
Suppose you could bring back any of the U.S. presidents, living or dead, to be the next president of the
United States. Who would you most want to be the next president? [124-130]
Ronald Reagan
Bill Clinton
John Kennedy
Abraham Lincoln
Franklin Roosevelt
Barack Obama
All
Adults
24%
21
13
9
6
5
No response, none
5%
Age 54
And Under
22%
22
11
12
6
6
Age 55
And Over
28%
20
16
5
7
4
6%
4%
Some people talk about an event or experience as a “defining” event for a particular generation of
Americans. Please indicate which two of the following you think had the greatest impact on your generation.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
The attacks of September 11th ...............................................
The assassination of John F. Kennedy ..................................
The Oklahoma City bombing..................................................
The attack on Pearl Harbor ....................................................
The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. ..........................
The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle ......................
All
Adults
85
36
24
20
20
15
Age 54
And Under
93
19
35
14
19
20
Age 55
And Over
72
64
6
30
21
7
[131]
>
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 2
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SELECT “The assassination of JFK” in Q.2.)
3.
In the space below, please describe why you identify the assassination of John F. Kennedy as the defining
event for your generation. What were the most important impacts or effects of this event on people your
age? [132-138]
Age 54
And Under
All
Adults
Age 55
And Over
I just remember it happening/where I was at the time/watching news reports, it was the
biggest news event of the time
It was shocking/traumatic, couldn’t believe it happened
First modern-era president assassinated, raised awareness of safety of the president
He died too young, taken too soon, who knows what he could’ve accomplished
People felt vulnerable/unsafe/afraid/worried
A great president/leader, leader of the free world, strong, decisive
11%
10
10
9
7
7
7%
5
4
13
6
8
14%
12
13
7
8
7
All other responses
14
21
11
Don't know; no response
4.
7%
12%
4%
Some people can remember exactly where they were, whom they were talking to, or what they were doing
when they heard news of these specific events. Other people do not have clear memories of the events of
that day.
For each of the following, please indicate whether you have a clear and vivid memory of this event, a vague
memory of this event, no clear memory of this event, you do not remember it happening, or you were not yet
born.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGEOF ALL ADULTS WHO SAY CLEAR AND VIVID MEMORY
The attacks of September 11th
All adults ...................................................................
Age 54 and under .....................................................
Age 55 and over .......................................................
The assassination of John F. Kennedy *
Age 54 and over .......................................................
The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle *
All adults ...................................................................
Ages 54 and under (Age 31).....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................................
The attack on Pearl Harbor *
Age 76 and over .......................................................
The Oklahoma City bombing *
All adults ...................................................................
Ages 54 and under (Age 22).....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................................
The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. *
Age 49 and over .......................................................
Clear
And Vivid
Memory
Vague
Memory
No Clear
Memory
Do Not
Remember It
Happening
Not Yet
Born
95
93
97
4
6
2
1
1
1
-
-
[139]
[141]
84
12
4
-
-
63
55
71
25
28
21
10
12
8
2
4
-
1
-
[143]
[140]
41
30
20
7
2
36
27
48
38
40
36
21
25
15
4
7
1
1
1
-
[144]
[142]
34
32
26
* The item was only asked of respondents if he/she was 5 years of age or older (Q.1b) when event occurred.
7
1
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
5.
Study #10000B--page 3
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
The following is a list of U.S. presidents who served between 1950 and 2000. Please rate each president on
a scale from zero to 10 using the scale below. If you do not have an opinion of that particular president,
please just check that box.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST MEAN SCORE OF ALL ADULTS
Mean
John F. Kennedy
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Ronald Reagan
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Dwight Eisenhower
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Bill Clinton
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Gerald Ford
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
George H.W. Bush
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Lyndon Johnson
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Jimmy Carter
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
Richard Nixon
All adults ........................................
Age 54 and under ..........................
Age 55 and over.............................
One Of Our
Country’s
Best
Presidents
9-10
7-8
One Of Our
Country’s
Worst
Presidents
4-6
0-3
No
Opinion
[147-148]
7.6
7.5
7.7
34
28
42
32
32
30
20
20
21
4
4
5
10
16
2
[157-158]
6.9
6.9
6.9
36
33
41
21
21
20
22
22
23
13
12
15
8
12
1
6.8
6.6
7.0
15
9
24
24
22
29
26
24
28
4
3
5
31
42
14
6.7
6.6
6.7
33
32
34
24
24
26
24
24
23
16
16
16
3
4
1
[145-146]
[161-162]
[153-154]
5.0
5.1
4.9
3
2
4
15
13
18
41
36
49
17
13
24
24
36
5
4.9
4.7
5.2
10
8
14
24
23
27
31
31
30
30
31
28
5
7
1
4.9
5.0
4.9
5
3
6
15
12
20
32
27
41
19
13
28
29
45
5
[159-160]
[149-150]
[155-156]
4.6
4.8
4.2
7
8
6
17
16
18
32
29
36
28
23
38
16
24
2
3.7
3.8
3.6
3
2
4
11
10
12
32
31
34
40
35
48
14
22
2
[151-152]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
6.
Study #10000B--page 4
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
From that same list of presidents who served between 1950 and 2000, which one or two stand out in your
mind as the best president(s)?
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
Bill Clinton.........................................
Ronald Reagan.................................
John F. Kennedy...............................
Dwight Eisenhower ...........................
George H.W. Bush............................
Jimmy Carter ....................................
Lyndon Johnson ...............................
Richard Nixon ...................................
Gerald Ford.......................................
7.
All
Adults
46
46
41
14
14
7
6
3
1
Age 54
And Under
48
45
38
11
14
8
5
3
1
Age 55
And Over
43
46
46
19
13
4
7
3
2
[163]
>
Thinking about how much you feel you know about different presidents in terms of their personal history and
background before becoming and while serving as president, please indicate how much you feel you know
about each of the following presidents.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS WHO SAY KNOW A GREAT DEAL OR FAIR AMOUNT
John F. Kennedy
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
Ronald Reagan
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
Abraham Lincoln
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
George Washington
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
Franklin D. Roosevelt
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
Dwight Eisenhower
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
Lyndon Johnson
All adults...................................................
Age 54 and under.....................................
Age 55 and over .......................................
Know
A Great
Deal
Know
A Fair
Amount
Know
Some
Know
Very
Little
Know
Nothing
At All
20
18
25
42
36
51
27
30
21
8
11
2
3
5
1
[168]
[170]
20
19
23
38
33
45
29
31
26
9
12
5
4
5
1
21
24
16
35
33
38
29
27
31
11
11
12
4
5
3
16
19
11
33
31
34
32
30
36
14
14
15
5
6
4
[165]
[164]
[166]
11
11
10
25
22
29
34
32
37
21
24
18
9
11
6
6
4
10
21
16
30
31
26
39
27
33
17
15
21
4
7
6
10
19
11
30
28
22
39
29
35
18
17
26
3
[167]
[169]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
8a.
Study #10000B--page 5
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Please use the space provided to write a brief impression or feeling you have about President John F.
Kennedy. For example, how you would describe his most significant attributes and/or what you most closely
associate with him. Please limit your response to 50 words. [171-177] *
A great man, a good family, youthful, energetic, relatable
A good president/leader, strong, decisive
Cuban Missile Crisis, standing up to Cuba/USSR
He was assassinated/got shot while in office
Civil rights/equality of the races, started integration
He had good ideas/plans/goals for our country, a progressive thinker
All
Adults
15%
13
12
9
9
7
Age 54
And Under
15%
12
10
12
8
7
Age 55
And Over
16%
14
14
5
11
8
12
11
12
All other responses
Don't know; no response
8%
11%
4%
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
8b.
From what you have read, heard, or seen, what is the most profound change John F. Kennedy made on the
country by being president of the United States? Please limit your response to 50 words. [208-214] **
Civil rights/equality of the races, started integration
Cuban Missile Crisis, standing up to Cuba/USSR
He started the space program, envisioned putting a man on the moon
Motivated/engaged people, got the people involved
A great man, a good family, youthful, energetic, relatable
He was assassinated/got shot while in office
All
Adults
19%
17
13
5
4
4
Age 54
And Under
21%
15
13
2
4
5
Age 55
And Over
17%
21
13
9
6
2
8
8
8
19%
24%
12%
All other responses
Don't know; no response
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
9.
How much would you say you admire President John F. Kennedy? *
Admire a great deal ..........................
Admire a fair amount.........................
Admire just some ..............................
Do not admire much .........................
Do not admire at all...........................
No opinion.......................................
All
Adults
21
38
23
6
4
8
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
Age 54
And Under
17
38
24
5
4
12
Age 55
And Over
29
38
20
7
4
2
[215]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
10.
Study #10000B--page 6
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
How much impact do you think President Kennedy had on our country in terms of his policies and their
legacy? **
All
Adults
29
42
17
3
1
8
Impacted a great deal .......................
Impacted a fair amount .....................
Impacted just some...........................
Did not impact much .........................
Did not impact at all ..........................
No opinion.......................................
Age 54
And Under
27
40
18
3
12
Age 55
And Over
32
46
14
4
2
2
[216]
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
11.
Here is a list of words that people have used to describe the “mood” of the country at different times in our
history. Please select the two or three words that you feel best capture the mood of the country when John
F. Kennedy was president. *
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
Changing ..........................................
Young/youthful .................................
Optimistic..........................................
Idealistic ...........................................
Growing ............................................
United/unified ...................................
Upbeat..............................................
Tense ...............................................
Happy...............................................
Prosperous .......................................
Worried/stressed ..............................
Glamorous........................................
Divided .............................................
Innovative .........................................
Innocent/naïve..................................
Traditional.........................................
Moral ................................................
Declining ..........................................
All
Adults
37
36
33
25
19
17
15
14
11
10
10
10
8
8
7
7
6
2
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
Age 54
And Under
40
33
30
24
20
17
12
16
12
9
11
8
9
9
6
8
7
3
Age 55
And Over
31
40
37
27
16
18
20
10
9
12
8
13
6
8
9
4
4
-
[217-218]
>
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
12.
Study #10000B--page 7
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
The following are quotes from John F. Kennedy. Please read them all and then select the two statements
you feel our country would most benefit from today in focusing our approach to government and
citizenship. **
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
First Choice
“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for
your country.” ....................................................................................
“Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer,
but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the past.
Let us accept our own responsibility for the future.” ..........................
“Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall
pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any
friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty.” ..............................................................................................
“If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save
the few who are rich. .........................................................................
“We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other
things, not because they are easy but because they are hard,
because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of
our energies and our skills.” ..............................................................
“It is an unfortunate fact that we can secure peace only by
preparing for war.” .............................................................................
“Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe
alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of
Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a
hard and bitter peace.” .....................................................................
All
Adults
Age 54
And Under
Age 55
And Over
35
31
41
>
33
36
29
11
11
13
9
9
7
5
5
5
4
5
3
3
3
2
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
Combined First And
Second Choice
All
Age 54
Age 55
Adults
And Under
And Over
“Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer,
but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the past.
Let us accept our own responsibility for the future.” ..........................
“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for
your country.”.....................................................................................
“Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall
pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any
friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty.” ..............................................................................................
“If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save
the few who are rich. .........................................................................
“We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other
things, not because they are easy but because they are hard,
because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of
our energies and our skills.” ..............................................................
“It is an unfortunate fact that we can secure peace only by
preparing for war.” .............................................................................
“Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe
alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of
Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a
hard and bitter peace.” .....................................................................
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
[219]
63
62
63
49
45
55
28
26
30
26
30
20
14
14
14
12
13
9
9
10
8
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
13a.
Study #10000B--page 8
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Below is a list of things that John F. Kennedy did as president. For each, please indicate how familiar you
are with this aspect of John F. Kennedy’s presidency--very familiar, fairly familiar, just somewhat familiar, not
that familiar, or not at all familiar.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS WHO SAY VERY FAMILIAR
Set a goal of putting a man on the moon within 10 years
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Stood up to the Soviet Union on the expansion of
missiles into Cuba
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Used the authority of the federal government to protect
the civil rights of African Americans in desegregating
schools in Alabama and Mississippi
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Proposed the legislation that became the Civil Rights Act
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
As the first Catholic president, spoke about the
importance of the separation of church and state
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Developed the Peace Corps to influence public service
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Supported Berliners in their stance against communism
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Negotiated and signed the first treaty ending above
ground testing of nuclear weapons
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Issued an executive order creating a commission on
women, and signed the first equal pay law
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Passed a major tax cut
All adults .................................................................................
Age 54 and under ...................................................................
Age 55 and over......................................................................
Very
Familiar
Fairly
Familiar
Just
Somewhat
Familiar
Not That
Familiar
Not At All
Familiar
41
36
47
25
23
30
18
20
16
8
10
5
8
11
2
41
33
55
24
23
27
17
19
12
8
11
3
10
14
3
27
23
33
31
27
38
23
24
20
10
13
7
9
13
2
22
19
28
30
28
33
25
23
26
13
15
11
10
15
2
22
19
28
24
22
28
25
23
26
16
18
14
13
18
4
[221]
[222]
[226]
[227]
[229]
[220]
21
14
32
26
21
34
26
29
22
15
18
9
12
18
3
18
13
26
22
19
29
24
23
25
18
21
12
18
24
8
[223]
[224]
10
9
12
22
18
29
31
30
31
22
22
22
15
21
6
[225]
8
7
10
22
20
24
29
25
34
25
26
25
16
22
7
6
6
6
15
11
19
25
23
29
32
31
34
22
29
12
[228]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
13b.
Study #10000B--page 9
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Which of the following do you consider to be the top-three accomplishments of John F. Kennedy’s
presidency?
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
First Choice
Stood up to the Soviet Union on the expansion of missiles into Cuba ..........
Proposed the legislation that became the Civil Rights Act ............................
Set a goal of putting a man on the moon within 10 years .............................
Used the authority of the federal government to protect the civil rights of
African Americans in desegregating schools in Alabama and Mississippi ....
Developed the Peace Corps to influence public service ...............................
Issued an executive order creating a commission on women, and signed
the first equal pay law ...................................................................................
Negotiated and signed the first treaty ending above ground testing of
nuclear weapons...........................................................................................
Passed a major tax cut .................................................................................
As the first Catholic president, spoke about the importance of the
separation of church and state......................................................................
Supported Berliners in their stance against communism ..............................
All
Adults
29
16
15
Age 54
And Under
22
18
16
Age 55
And Over
38
12
14
14
7
15
6
13
8
6
7
4
5
3
6
4
5
2
3
2
4
2
3
1
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
Combined 1st, 2nd, 3rd Choice
Stood up to the Soviet Union on the expansion of missiles into Cuba ..........
Proposed the legislation that became the Civil Rights Act ............................
Used the authority of the federal government to protect the civil rights of
African Americans in desegregating schools in Alabama and Mississippi ....
Set a goal of putting a man on the moon within 10 years..............................
Issued an executive order creating a commission on women, and signed
the first equal pay law ...................................................................................
Negotiated and signed the first treaty ending above ground testing of
nuclear weapons ...........................................................................................
Developed the Peace Corps to influence public service ...............................
As the first Catholic president, spoke about the importance of the
separation of church and state. .....................................................................
Passed a major tax cut..................................................................................
Supported Berliners in their stance against communism ..............................
All
Adults
51
48
Age 54
And Under
42
54
Age 55
And Over
64
40
43
38
43
40
43
36
33
36
28
25
19
23
17
27
21
17
15
10
18
16
10
17
13
11
[230-231]
>
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
14.
Study #10000B--page 10
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
The following are words and phrases that some people have used to describe John F. Kennedy. For each
item, please use the scale below to indicate how well you personally feel the phrase describes John F.
Kennedy. **
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST MEAN SCORE OF ALL ADULTS
Mean
Charismatic
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Patriotic
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
A strong leader
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Courageous
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Inspirational
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Optimistic
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Wealthy and privileged
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Concerned about the average person
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Immoral
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Immoral/bad role model
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
Describes
JFK Very
Well
9-10
7-8
Does NOT
Describe JFK
Well
4-6
0-3
Don’t
Know
Enough
To Say
[238-239]
8.6
8.4
8.9
61
55
72
16
17
15
14
16
9
1
1
1
8
11
3
[250-251]
8.4
8.2
8.8
56
48
69
21
24
17
14
16
10
1
1
1
8
11
3
8.2
8.1
8.3
50
47
56
24
24
24
16
17
15
2
2
2
8
10
3
8.1
7.9
8.4
48
40
60
24
27
19
19
21
17
1
1
2
8
11
2
[248-249]
[244-245]
[252-253]
8.1
8.1
8.2
48
44
55
23
25
20
19
19
19
2
2
2
8
10
4
8.0
7.9
8.1
43
38
51
27
29
24
19
19
19
2
2
1
9
12
5
7.9
7.6
8.4
48
39
64
17
20
13
23
25
18
3
3
3
9
13
2
[232-233]
[236-237]
[242-243]
7.5
7.3
7.7
33
30
40
28
26
29
27
28
24
2
3
3
10
13
4
4.2
4.0
4.6
10
9
12
10
8
14
33
31
36
35
36
33
12
16
5
[246-247]
[256-257]
3.9
3.6
4.3
8
6
10
9
9
11
34
30
39
39
41
36
10
14
4
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 11
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Q.14 (cont’d)
Mean
Arrogant
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Anti-business
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Reckless
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Just another politician
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Unproductive and did not
accomplish much
All adults ....................................................
Age 54 and under ......................................
Age 55 and over ........................................
Describes
JFK Very
Well
9-10
7-8
Does NOT
Describe JFK
Well
4-6
0-3
Don’t
Know
Enough
To Say
[234-235]
3.8
3.8
3.8
7
5
9
8
7
10
31
33
29
39
34
46
15
21
6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3
3
4
4
4
4
39
36
42
31
29
34
23
28
16
[260-261]
[254-255]
3.6
3.6
3.7
5
4
7
7
6
9
34
34
33
41
38
46
13
18
5
3.1
3.4
2.8
6
6
5
5
5
5
30
32
28
51
46
59
8
11
3
2.1
2.1
2.1
1
3
4
4
4
19
20
18
67
64
72
9
12
3
[240-241]
[258-259]
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
15a-.
16e.
Do you remember seeing or hearing this clip of President Kennedy before watching it just now? *
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS WHO SAY DEFINITELY
REMEMBER SEEING/HEARING IT BEFORE
Definitely
Remember
Seeing/
Hearing It
Before
ASK NOT (January 20, 1961)*
All adults..................................................
Age 54 and under....................................
Age 55 and over ......................................
ZAPRUDER FILM (November 23, 1963)**
All adults..................................................
Age 54 and under....................................
Age 55 and over ......................................
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
Think I May
Have Seen/
Heard It
Before
Do Not
Recall
Seeing/
Hearing It
Before
[262]
69
60
83
16
20
10
15
20
7
69
60
83
12
15
8
19
25
9
[331]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Q.15a-16e (cont’d)
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (October 22,
1962)*
All adults..................................................
Age 54 and under....................................
Age 55 and over ......................................
GOING TO THE MOON (September 12,
1962)**
All adults..................................................
Age 54 and under....................................
Age 55 and over ......................................
CIVIL RIGHTS SPEECH (June 11,1963) *
All adults..................................................
Age 54 and under....................................
Age 55 and over ......................................
PEACE SPEECH (June 10, 1963)**
All adults..................................................
Age 54 and under....................................
Age 55 and over ......................................
Study #10000B--page 12
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Definitely
Remember
Seeing/
Hearing It
Before
Think I May
Have Seen/
Heard It
Before
Do Not
Recall
Seeing/
Hearing It
Before
37
26
55
30
30
29
33
44
16
23
21
28
31
27
38
46
52
34
20
14
32
30
28
32
50
58
36
[270]
[315]
[278]
[323]
5
5
6
16
14
20
79
81
74
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS WHO SAW “ASK NOT.”
15b.
Please use the box below to write a few words or phrases describing how you felt as you watched this video.
Please focus your response on your own feelings and reaction rather than repeating the words from the
video. Please limit your response to 20 words. [263-269] *
I felt inspired/motivated/encouraged/challenged to get involved
I felt patriotic, proud to be an American
It was good, a good speech/message, impressive
Everyone must do his/her own part for themselves/their country
I felt hopeful/optimistic for the future
He united/rallied Americans toward common goals
Don't know; no response
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
All
Adults
20%
18
11
10
7
6
8%
Age 54
And Under
19%
15
11
10
6
6
10%
Age 55
And Over
21%
21
12
11
8
6
5%
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 13
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS WHO SAW “CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS.”
15d.
Please use the box below to write a few words or phrases describing how you felt as you watched this video.
Please focus your response on your own feelings and reaction rather than repeating the words from the
video. Please limit your response to 20 words. [271-277] *
He was a strong leader, firm in his response, stood up to the threat/USSR
I felt scared/frightened/afraid
I felt uncertain/apprehensive/worried/anxious about the possibility of nuclear
war, unsure how the Soviets would react
I felt patriotic, proud to be an American
A good speech, needed/necessary, I agree with what he said
I felt we were strong/powerful, made me feel confident
All
Adults
22%
15
Age 54
And Under
21%
9
Age 55
And Over
24%
25
13
10
10
8
11
10
11
9
16
11
9
6
Don't know; no response
7%
8%
5%
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS WHO SAW “CIVIL RIGHTS SPEECH.”
15f.
Please use the box below to write a few words or phrases describing how you felt as you watched this video.
Please focus your response on your own feelings and reaction rather than repeating the words from the
video. Please limit your response to 20 words. [308-314] *
All
Adults
23%
19
10
6
5
4
A good speech, needed/necessary, I agree with what he said
A call for equality/fairness, everyone deserves equal/civil rights
I felt proud to be an American
I felt happy/pleased/glad, it felt good
It was a bold speech/a risky position for him to take, he was courageous/brave
I felt sad for/ashamed of our county
Don't know; no response
Age 54
And Under
22%
18
9
6
4
5
9%
Age 55
And Over
24%
20
10
5
5
3
9%
8%
* Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM A).
ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS WHO SAW “GOING TO THE MOON.”
16b.
Please use the box below to write a few words or phrases describing how you felt as you watched this video.
Please focus your response on your own feelings and reaction rather than repeating the words from the
video. Please limit your response to 20 words. [316-322] **
I felt inspired/encouraged/motivated
I felt patriotic/proud to be an American
He had good ideas/plans/goals for our country, a progressive thinker
I felt excited/happy
I felt hopeful/optimistic for the future
A good speech, a good idea/worthy goal to pursue
Don't know; no response
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
All
Adults
30%
18
7
7
6
6
9%
Age 54
And Under
34%
17
6
6
6
5
9%
Age 55
And Over
23%
20
10
8
6
8
8%
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 14
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS WHO SAW “PEACE SPEECH”
16d.
Please use the box below to write a few words or phrases describing how you felt as you watched this video.
Please focus your response on your own feelings and reaction rather than repeating the words from the
video. Please limit your response to 20 words. [324-330] **
A good/powerful speech, a good message, agreed with what he said
A call for equality/fairness, we all deserve to be treated as equals
I felt inspired/encouraged/motivated
A call of unity, we must all work/stick together
I felt nothing, it had not effect on me
He wanted to maintain peace/keep the world safe from war
Don't know; no response
All
Adults
15%
11
9
9
6
6
14%
Age 54
And Under
15%
11
10
9
6
7
14%
Age 55
And Over
16%
12
7
9
8
5
13%
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS WHO SAW “ZAPRUDER FILM”
16f.
Please use the box below to write a few words or phrases describing how you felt as you watched this video.
Please focus your response on your own feelings and reaction rather than repeating the words from the
video. Please limit your response to 20 words. [332-338] **
I felt sad/devastated/heartbroken/sickened, I cried
I felt shocked/stunned/horrified, couldn’t believe this happened
A terrible/low point in U.S. history, a sad/dark day for our country, a tragedy
I felt angry/disgusted/outraged
It was hard/painful/disturbing to watch, brutal footage
I felt worried/anxious/nervous, we were all scared/confused by what would happen next
Don't know; no response
All
Adults
38%
19
10
7
7
6
Age 54
And Under
38%
15
9
9
8
6
9%
Age 55
And Over
39%
25
13
5
5
5
11%
7%
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
17.
The statements below are criticisms that some people have made about John F. Kennedy and his
presidency. For each, please indicate whether this criticism raises very major concerns, fairly major
concerns, some concerns, only minor concerns, or no concerns for you about the legacy of John F. Kennedy
and his presidency. *
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS WHO SAY VERY OR FAIRLY MAJOR CONCERNS
Under JFK, U.S. involvement in Vietnam
escalated, which led us into the Vietnam War
All adults.............................................................
Age 54 and under ...............................................
Age 55 and over .................................................
Very
Major
Concerns
Fairly
Major
Concerns
Some
Concerns
Only
Minor
Concerns
No
Concerns
25
24
27
28
24
33
27
28
26
11
13
8
9
11
6
[339]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Q.17 (cont’d)
Very
Major
Concerns
JFK approved the wiretapping of civil rights
leaders, including Martin Luther King, Jr., and
his advisors
All adults.............................................................
Age 54 and under ...............................................
Age 55 and over .................................................
JFK was involved in several extra-marital
affairs while he was in the White House,
including recent accounts of his relationship
with a 19-year-old White House intern
All adults.............................................................
Age 54 and under ...............................................
Age 55 and over .................................................
Through the CIA, JFK secretly supported
coups and the assassination of foreign
leaders in Latin America, Iraq, and Vietnam
All adults.............................................................
Age 54 and under ...............................................
Age 55 and over .................................................
JFK was unable to push through major civil
rights legislation during his own presidency,
and it was not until Lyndon Johnson became
president that the Civil Rights Act was
passed
All adults.............................................................
Age 54 and under ...............................................
Age 55 and over .................................................
18.
Study #10000B--page 15
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Fairly
Major
Concerns
Some
Concerns
Only
Minor
Concerns
No
Concerns
[341]
20
20
19
26
28
23
31
30
33
12
11
13
11
11
12
[342]
19
18
20
14
14
15
22
23
20
19
18
22
26
27
23
13
11
15
17
18
18
31
31
32
19
21
15
20
19
20
9
11
7
14
12
17
30
28
31
23
22
26
24
27
19
[340]
[343]
A lot has been written about JFK’s extra-marital relationships with other women while he was president.
Please indicate how reports of JFK’s extra-marital relationships with other women impact the way you view
him.
This makes me feel more unfavorable to JFK both as a person and
as a president ................................................................................................
This makes me feel more unfavorable to JFK as a person, but does not
affect my view of him as a president..............................................................
This makes me feel more unfavorable to JFK as a president, but does not
affect my view of him as a person .................................................................
This does not affect my view of him either as a person or as a president .....
All
Adults
Age 54
And Under
Age 55
And Over
17
18
15
44
40
50
3
36
4
38
1
34
[344]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
19a/b.
Study #10000B--page 16
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
It has been reported that members of the press knew about JFK’s extra-marital affairs during his presidency,
but there was an unspoken “gentleman’s agreement” to not disclose those types of transgressions. In
today’s 24-hour news cycle, this type of silence is almost unimaginable.
Thinking about this issue, which statement do you agree with more? (PROBE:) And would you say you
strongly agree with that statement or just somewhat agree? **
We were better off then, when many of the private details of
elected officials’ personal lives, such as extra-marital affairs,
were considered off-limits by the media
Strongly agree....................................................................................
Just somewhat agree .........................................................................
We are better off now, when there is widespread reporting of
elected officials’ personal lives, including things like extramarital affairs
Just somewhat agree .........................................................................
Strongly agree....................................................................................
All
Adults
Age 54
And Under
Age 55
And Over
34
25
32
29
38
20
21
20
22
17
19
23
[345-346]
** Asked of one-half the respondents (FORM B).
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE AGE 55 AND OVER.)
20a.
The following is a list of events that some people recall in the hours and days following the assassination of
President John F. Kennedy. For each, please indicate whether you remember watching the event on live
television, remember watching the event on television after it happened, or do not recall watching the event
at all.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY REMEMBER WATCHING ON LIVE TELEVISION
Remember
Watching On
LIVE
Television
JFK’s funeral procession
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
John F. Kennedy, Jr, saluting his father’s coffin
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
JFK’s coffin lying in repose in the White House
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
Watching Air Force One land for the removal of JFK’s coffin
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
The lighting of the eternal flame and JFK’s burial in Arlington
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
Jackie Kennedy watching LBJ being sworn in as president
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
Watching Walter Cronkite report on the JFK assassination
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
The assassination of JFK in a convertible in Texas
Age 55 and over ................................................................................
Remember
Watching On
Television
After It
Happened
Do Not
Recall
Watching
The Event
At All
[353]
81
16
3
73
24
3
68
25
7
[354]
[351]
[349]
57
31
12
57
31
12
55
38
7
[355]
[350]
[348]
50
41
9
43
52
5
31
67
2
[352]
[347]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 17
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE AGE 55 AND OVER.)
20b.
Several of the same events appear again below. In thinking about how you remember and experienced the
assassination of John F. Kennedy, please select the two events that had the greatest effect on you.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE
John F. Kennedy, Jr, saluting his father’s coffin .............................
Watching Walter Cronkite report on the JFK assassination ...........
JFK’s funeral procession................................................................
The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald ..............................................
Jackie Kennedy watching LBJ being sworn in as president ...........
JFK’s coffin lying in repose in the White House .............................
The lighting of the eternal flame and JFK’s burial in Arlington .......
Watching Air Force One land for the removal of JFK’s coffin.........
Age 55
And Over
59
38
38
24
15
12
7
7
[356]
>
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE AGE 54 AND UNDER.)
20c.
The following is a list of events that some people associate with the assassination of President John F.
Kennedy. For each, please indicate whether you have seen images of this event, heard about but have
never seen images of this event, or do not recall this event.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE PERCENTAGE WHO SAY HAVE SEEN IMAGES
The assassination of JFK in a convertible in Texas
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
John F. Kennedy, Jr, saluting his father’s coffin
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
JFK’s funeral procession
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
Jackie Kennedy watching LBJ being sworn in as president
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
Watching Walter Cronkite report on the JFK assassination
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
The lighting of the eternal flame and JFK’s burial in Arlington
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
JFK’s coffin lying in repose in the White House
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
Watching Air Force One land for the removal of JFK’s coffin
Age 54 and under ....................................................................................
21.
Have
Seen
Images
Have Heard
About But
Have Never
Seen Images
Do Not
Recall
This Event
85
7
8
69
9
22
[357]
[364]
[363]
66
18
16
52
17
31
50
30
20
[360]
[362]
[358]
49
23
28
38
27
35
38
26
36
[365]
[361]
[359]
35
24
41
How much do you think that the assassination of President John F. Kennedy changed America?
It changed America a great deal ...............
It changed America somewhat ..................
It changed America just a little ..................
It did not change America much at all .......
All
Adults
61
30
6
3
Age 54
And Under
60
31
6
3
Age 55
And Over
62
28
5
5
[366]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
22.
Study #10000B--page 18
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Below is a list of effects that some people believe the Kennedy assassination had on America. Please
select the top one or two that you find best describes the effect of his assassination on America.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
It took away America’s innocence .....................................................
It marked the end of an era of peace and prosperity .........................
It delayed progress on the civil rights movement...............................
It made Americans more cynical and more divided ...........................
It caused Americans to have less trust in government ......................
It contributed to the escalation of the Vietnam War ...........................
It made Americans lose faith in this country ......................................
All
Adults
40
17
11
10
10
8
4
First Choice
Age 54
Age 55
And Under
And Over
34
50
18
15
14
7
11
8
10
8
7
10
6
2
[367]
>
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RANKED BY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF ALL ADULTS
It took away America’s innocence .....................................................
It marked the end of an era of peace and prosperity .........................
It made Americans more cynical and more divided ...........................
It delayed progress on the civil rights movement...............................
It caused Americans to have less trust in government ......................
It contributed to the escalation of the Vietnam War ...........................
It made Americans lose faith in this country ......................................
23a/b.
Combined First and
Second Choice
All
Age 54
Age 55
Adults
And Under
And Over
57
50
67
35
35
34
29
30
27
26
31
18
22
24
20
19
15
25
13
16
9
There has been significant speculation about the circumstances surrounding the assassination of John F.
Kennedy. Which statement do you agree with more? (PROBE:) And would you say you strongly agree with
that statement or just somewhat agree?
There is nothing left to know about the circumstances
surrounding the Kennedy assassination. Lee Harvey Oswald
acted on his own to assassinate the President, and there was no
conspiracy
Strongly agree....................................................................................
Just somewhat agree .........................................................................
There are still too many questions surrounding Kennedy’s
assassination to say that Lee Harvey Oswald acted by himself,
or that there is not a larger conspiracy regarding the details of
his death
Just somewhat agree .........................................................................
Strongly agree....................................................................................
All
Adults
Age 54
And Under
Age 55
And Over
15
10
11
13
20
6
31
44
35
41
25
49
[368-369]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
Study #10000B--page 19
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
FACTUALS: The remaining questions are for statistical purposes only.
F1.
Which one of the following best describes your current employment situation?
Employed full time (35+ hours per week) ...
Employed part time ....................................
Homemaker ...............................................
Full-time student.........................................
Not employed .............................................
Retired .......................................................
F2a.
All
Adults
45
12
8
5
7
23
Age 54
And Under
56
13
10
8
10
3
Age 55
And Over
26
11
4
3
56
All
Adults
Age 54
And Under
Age 55
And Over
44
25
5
1
9
16
40
25
3
2
11
19
49
26
7
1
5
12
[370]
What is your religion?
Protestant (includes Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Episcopal,
Presbyterian, and other Christians) .......................................
Catholic..................................................................................
Jewish....................................................................................
Muslim ...................................................................................
Mormon/LDS/Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ....
Other....................................................................................
None ....................................................................................
CONTINUE
[371]
Skip to Q.F3
CONTINUE
(ASK ONLY OF RESPONDENTS WHO SAY PROTESTANT, OTHER, OR NONE QF2a.)
F2b.
Would you describe yourself as either a fundamentalist or born-again Christian, or would you not describe
yourself that way?
Fundamentalist or born-again Christian......................
I would not describe myself that way ..........................
Catholic/Jewish/Muslim/Mormon (Q.F2) .....................
F3.
All
Adults
21
48
31
Age 54
And Under
21
49
30
Age 55
And Over
20
47
33
[372]
What was your religion as a child when you were growing up?
Protestant (includes Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Episcopal,
Presbyterian, and other Christians) ........................................
Catholic ..................................................................................
Jewish ....................................................................................
Muslim ....................................................................................
Mormon/LDS/Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.....
Other ....................................................................................
None.....................................................................................
All
Adults
Age 54
And Under
Age 55
And Over
48
33
5
1
6
7
45
34
4
1
7
9
53
32
7
1
4
3
[373]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
F4.
Study #10000B--page 20
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Which of the following best describes your marital status?
All
Adults
22
60
5
1
8
4
Single, never married ...................................
Married .........................................................
Unmarried, living with romantic partner ........
Separated .....................................................
Divorced .......................................................
Widowed.......................................................
F5.
All
Adults
23
77
Age 54
And Under
36
64
Age 55
And Over
2
98
[375]
All
Adults
14
21
39
17
9
Age 54
And Under
14
20
40
16
10
Age 55
And Over
15
22
38
18
7
Age 54
And Under
24
48
13
15
Age 55
And Over
21
50
14
15
[376]
How would you describe the area in which you live?
Urban ................................................
Suburban ..........................................
Small town ........................................
Rural ................................................
F10.
[374]
In terms of your political outlook, do you usually think of yourself as:
Very conservative .............................
Somewhat conservative ...................
Moderate/middle of the road .............
Somewhat liberal ..............................
Very liberal........................................
F9.
Age 55
And Over
5
72
3
1
10
9
Are you the parent of any children under the age of 18?
Yes, parent of children under age 18 ......................
No, not parent of children under age 18 ..................
F6.
Age 54
And Under
33
52
6
1
7
1
All
Adults
23
49
13
15
[377]
And which of the following categories contains your total HOUSEHOLD income before taxes last year?
Less than $20,000 ............................
$20,000 to $34,999 ...........................
$35,000 to $49,999 ...........................
$50,000 to $74,999 ...........................
$75,000 to $99,999 ...........................
$100,000 to $124,999 .......................
$125,000 to $149,999 .......................
More than $150,000..........................
All
Adults
14
14
14
18
18
10
5
7
Age 54
And Under
17
13
14
18
16
9
6
7
Age 55
And Over
9
15
14
19
22
10
4
7
[378]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
F11.
Study #10000B--page 21
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
Are you (READ ITEM)?
Male ..................................................
Female..............................................
F12.
All
Adults
47
53
Age 54
And Under
48
52
Age 55
And Over
45
55
Age 54
And Under
18
13
13
13
13
14
16
-
Age 55
And Over
26
24
19
13
18
-
[109]
What year were you born?
18-24 .................................................
25-29 .................................................
30-34 .................................................
35-39 .................................................
40-44 .................................................
45-49 .................................................
50-54 .................................................
55-59 .................................................
60-64 .................................................
65 -69 ................................................
70-74 .................................................
75 and over........................................
Refused ...........................................
F13
All
Adults
11
8
8
8
8
9
10
10
9
7
5
7
-
[110]
Are you a citizen of the United States?
Yes....................................................
No .....................................................
F14.
All
Adults
100
-
Age 54
And Under
100
-
Age 55
And Over
100
-
[111]
Which one of the following best describes your point of view between the two political parties?
Strong Democrat--I vote for the Democrats in nearly all elections....................................
Leaning Democrat--I vote for Democrats a little more often than for Republicans............
Independent--I divide my votes pretty evenly between Democrats and Republicans .......
Leaning Republican--I vote for Republicans a little more often than for Democrats .........
Strong Republican--I vote for the Republicans in nearly all elections ...............................
Total Democrat
Total Republican
CONTINUE
TERMINATE
All
Adults
26
17
22
14
21
Age 54
And Under
24
17
25
14
20
Age 55
And Over
29
16
18
15
22
43
35
41
34
45
37
[118]
HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
May 2012
F15.
How closely do you follow the news from Washington, D.C., about policy, news, and current events?
Very closely ......................................
Fairly closely .....................................
Just somewhat closely ......................
Not closely at all................................
F16.
Age 54
And Under
14
35
33
18
Age 55
And Over
24
47
23
6
[119]
All
Adults
12
85
3
Age 54
And Under
15
83
2
Age 55
And Over
8
89
3
[120]
And again, for statistical purposes only, what is your race–white, black or African American, Asian, or
something else?
White.................................................
Black/African American.....................
Asian.................................................
Other.................................................
Prefer not to say .............................
F18.
All
Adults
18
40
29
13
To ensure that we have a representative sample, would you please indicate whether you are from a
Hispanic background?
Yes, Hispanic....................................
No, not Hispanic ...............................
Prefer not to say .............................
F17.
Study #10000B--page 22
Kennedy Anniversary Online Survey
All
Adults
81
11
1
4
3
Age 54
And Under
77
12
2
6
3
Age 55
And Over
86
10
1
1
2
[121]
What is the last grade that you completed in school?
Grade school ...........................................................
Some high school....................................................
High school graduate ..............................................
Some college, no degree ........................................
Vocational training/2-year college ...........................
4-year college/Bachelor's degree ............................
Some postgraduate work, no degree ......................
2 or 3 years' postgraduate work/master's degree....
Doctoral/law degree ................................................
All
Adults
1
3
29
19
10
21
3
11
3
Age 54
And Under
2
29
19
11
23
3
10
3
Age 55
And Over
1
5
30
20
8
19
3
12
2
[122]