Key
Key
Unit 1
The Human Body
2. Reading
Task 1
a) T, b) T, c) F, d) T, e) F
Task 2
1. The face is made up of the forehead, the ears, the eyes with eyebrows and upper and lower
eyelids, the cheeks, the nose, the chin, the mouth with the tongue, the palate, gums and the
teeth.
2.The trunk consists of two main cavities, the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
3. The internal organs of the trunk are: the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver
with the gall-bladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys and the small and large intestines
(bowels).
4. The upper extremity is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the elbow, the forearm,
the wrist and the hand with four fingers and a thumb.
5.The parts of the lower extremity are: the thigh, the knee with the patella, the lower leg with
the shin in front and the calf at the back, the ankle and the foot.
Task 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b) thoracic
a) on the arm
d) nose
a) the shoulder
a) pelvis
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The head is composed of…
The upper extremity is made up of…
The trunk is composed of…
The face consists of…
The neck joins the head with the trunk.
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Unit 2
The Anatomical Position
2. Reading
Task 1
1 b, 2 e, 3 a, 4 c, 5 d
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1. The arms are hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward and the legs are parallel to
each other with the feet together.
2. The head is superior to the neck.
3.The abdomen is inferior to the thorax.
4.The diaphragm lies between the abdomen and the thorax.
Task 2
1. The abdomen is inferior to the thorax.
2. In anatomical terminology above is referred to as “ superior.”
3. A frontal plane is also the same as a vertical plane.
4. Communicacation activity
1. fingers, 2. the skeleton, 3. the tongue, 4. the knee, 5. the wrist
Unit 3
The Skeletal System
2. Reading
Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
skeleton
206
300
cartilage
ossification
a) they provide the rigid framework for the body
b) they serve as levers for the skeletal muscles
c) they provide protection for the brain, the spinal cord, the heart and the lungs
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7. minerals
8. erythrocytes, granul leucocytes and platelets.
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A country doctor has less work than a city doctor.
The city has more noise than the country.
A busy street has more cars than a quiet street.
The surgical department has more patients than the intensive care unit.
A village has fewer people than a town.
A Bone – Structure
Unit 4
2. Reading
Task 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
run, send, relay
consists
supports
produces
forms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cut, find
contain
produces
consists
run, send
Task 2
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1. However, dogs are only animals, they are loyal and intelligent.
1. Although dogs are only animals, they are loyal and intelligent.
2. Mr.Green doen't like dogs because he thinks dogs are dirty.
Task 2
1.) so, 2.) because, 3.) but, 4.) so, 5.) and
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Unit 5
A Bone - Classification
2. Reading
Task 1
Mark is a lazy person.
Task 2
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural bones; body extremities; cube-shaped bones;
internal organs; muscle attachment; cranial bones; facial bones; sutural joints; un-named
bones
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
Bones are classified…
Short bones are found…
Sutural bones are classified…
Task 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sutural bones are classified by their location rather than their shape.
Flat bones protect internal organs.
Short bones are found in the hands and feet.
Irregular bones have complicated shapes.
Long bones provide places for the attachment of large muscles.
Unit 6
Disorders of Bones
2. Reading
Task 1
1 b, 2 d, 3 a
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Task 2
A fracture is a break in the bone, which is either complete or partial.
A simple fracture is closed without any break in the skin
A compound fracture is open, there is a break in the skin with one or both ends of the broken
bone protruding through the skin.
Complicated fractures are those in which the broken ends are out of alignment.
When the two broken ends have been jammed into each other and the affected limb is
shortened in length, we speak about an impacted fracture. A displaced fracture is one in
which the ends of the bone are not in proper alignment; in a comminuted fracture the bone is
broken in several places and there may be some loose fragments. An oblique fracture is when
the break occurs diagonally across the bone. A spiral fracture is a fracture in which the break
travels around the bone.
One of the most serious infections of a bone is known as osteomyelitis.
Infection, injury and synovitis can cause localized osteoporosis of adjacent bone. It is
a condition where there is loss of the normal density of bone.
Amputation is a removal of a part of the body that is replaced by a prosthesis.
Bones can also be the primary site of a tumour or some malignant cells can metastasize to
a bone from another site.
Task 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
the elderly, women, steroid therapy
removal, prosthesis
osteomyelitis
reduction
closed, open
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
colours of the rooms
the ward sister's office
two months' time
the hospital's surgical ward
his mother's blood group
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Unit 7
Ligaments and Joints
2. Reading
Task 1
This process is called ossification.
Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
T
F
F
T
F
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
of
on
in
from
in
Unit 8
Muscles - Structure and Contraction
2. Reading
Task 1
1aA, 2cB, 3bC
Task 2
Adjectives are: excitable, stimulated, action, human, skeletal, cardiac, smooth, thin, long,
cylindrical, muscle, thinner, protein, thick, nervous, pulled, original, relaxed, tiny, shorter,
fatter, greater, grouped
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3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
thin
long
short
thick
fat
great
excitable
tiny
thinner
longer
shorter
thicker
fatter
greater
more excitable
tinier
the thinnest
the longest
the shortest
the thickest
the fattest
the greatest
the most excitable
the tinest
Task 2
thinner, shorter, fatter, greater
Unit 9
Types of Muscle Tissues
2. Reading
Task 1
a. voluntary, b) cardiac, c) voluntary, d) involuntary
Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
in
under, in
to, on
though
without
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
Adverbs ending –ly are: typically, approximately, conversely, extensively, automatically,
partly
Adverbs of frequency are: always, usually, often
Task 2
1. Tom is a careful driver.
2. He drove carefully along the narrow road.
3. He has serious injuries.
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4. We didnt go out because of the heavy rain.
5. She fell and hurt herself quite badly/ seriously.
4. Communication Activity
1_
I didn't feel well.
5_ She took my temperature and examined me.
9_ After a few days, I started to feel better.
3_ I went to the surgery and saw the doctor.
8_ I went to the chemist's, paid for the perscription, and got some antibiotics.
2_ I phoned the doctor's surgery and made an appointment.
6_ She told me I had an infection.
4_ I explained what was wrong.
7 _ She gave me a prescription.
Unit 10
Disorders of Muscles and Joints
2. Reading
Task 1
1e, 2i, 3a, 4b, 5j, 6c, 7d, 8h, 9g, 10f
Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
affects
cause
occuries
to improve
causes
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1a) well-known
1b) well-paid
2a) part-time
2b) full-time
3a) badly-behaved
3b) badly-dressed
4a) right-handed
4b) left-handed
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Task 2
1. well-known, 2. well-marked, 3. well-used
Task 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
No, it can't. It can be a full-time study.
No, I wouldn't. She is well-behaved.
No, she isn't. She is long-sighted.
No, he isn't. He is right-handed.
No, it isn't. It is machine-made.
Unit 11
Definition of Physiotherapy
2. Reading
Task 1
Cieľom fyzioterapie je zlepšiť život prostredníctvom starostlivosti o zdravie a kondíciu
povzbudzovaním osoby k zdravotníckym a výukovým technikám slúžiacim na zotavenie,
uvoľnenie bolesti, prevenciu pred zranením a fyzickým pohybom.
Fyzioterapeuti pracujú s mnohými typmi pacientov od novorodencov s defektmi kostrovosvalového systému pri narodení, tiež s dospelými trpiacimi ischiasom alebo defektmi pri
zranení a staršími pacientmi po mrtvici.
Fyzioterapia spôsobuje alebo urýchľuje hojenie niektorých tkanív a snaží sa maximalizovať
rýchlosť pre bezpečný návrat funkcie.
Kardiorespiračná fyzioterapia snaží sa zlepšiť dýchanie a zabraňuje pľúcnej infekcii pri
respiračných ochoreniach.
Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
T
F
F
T
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1. Why did a doctor send a patient to the X-ray department?
2. When does a patient take pills?
3. How can a doctor examine a patient?
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4. Which languages is easier, English or French?
5. What is full of patients?
Task 2
10
1
5
8
4
9
2
7
6
3
Goodbye.
Next please.
Let's have a look at it. Can you turn your head, please?
Thank you, doctor.
I've got something wrong with my ear. It hurts and it's very red.
Come back next week. Goodbye.
Good morning, doctor.
Here's a prescription for some medicine. Take one tablet every six hours.
Hmmm, yes. You've got an infection here.
Good morning. What can I do for you?
Unit 12
Subdisciplines of Physiotherapy
2. Reading
Task 1
1. Ergonomics can be defined as the study and analysis of human work and considers
individual anatomy, psychology and other human factors.
2. Orthopaedics is defined as the branch of medicine devoted to the study and treatment
of the skeletal system, its joints, muscles and associated structures.
3. Paediatrics is a medical section concerned with children.
4. Neurology is defined as the field of medicine that deals with the nervous system and
its disorders.
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
very
too
so small that
enough
such a small
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Unit 13
Methods of Physical Therapy
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1. appendices
2. nucleoli
3. nuclei
4. bacilli
5. ovaria
6. reticula
7. sarcomata
8. vertebrae
9. cervices
10. mitoses
Unit 14
Aromatherapy
2. Reading
Task 2
Aromatic herbs are: levender, camomile, rose, vanilla, jasmine, rosemary, geranium, ginger.
Task 3
It means natural healing and relieving health disorders by breathing aromatic oils or the
aromatic extracts from plants and flowers for our health and well-being.
The action of an essential oil approaches both physical and mental aspects.
He dedicates his life to studying the use of essential oils for medical purposes and coined the
term “aromatherapy” to describe the new science.
The most powerful application is bath and massage, so it employs both inhalation and
absorption.
Each essential oil has a unique blend of complex chemicals that are responsible for its
healing, calming, cleansing or relaxing properties.
But each individual constituent has its own value, it is the complex action of the whole that
gives an essential oil its power.
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1. I think he should go to bed. I don't think he should go to work.
2. I don't think you should buy so many clothes.
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3. I think he should try to find one he likes.
4. I think you should stay in bed and drink a lot of hot tea with lemon.
5. I think they should join a club.
Unit 15
Balneotherapy
3. Grammar Presentation
Task 1
1. reading, watching
2. taking
3. doing it
4. speaking English
5. smiling
6. opening
7. skiing
8. working
9. inviting
10. to travel
Task 2
1. raise your leg
2. keep your knee
3. lie straight down
4. breathe out
5. lie on your back, curl up
6. take off, look straight ahead
7. raise your leg on your side
8. slide your hand down
9. it hurts
10. breathe in, relax
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