i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Abstract
•• v
Acknowledgements
»• vii
List •£ Figures
.. ix
List of Tables
•• xi
INTRODUCTION
A.
• 1
Isotopic studies and the solar
system
•• 4
3.
Sun- and the Solar flares
•• 6
C.
Evolution of solid bodies and
radiation records in them.
.. 9
D . Solar-system bodies and the
chronometers
•
12
1.
Noble gases
2.
Par tic le-tracks
*• 13
.. 14
3.
Radionuclides
•» 16
E . Scope of the thesis
CHAPTER II
*
.. 17
EQUIB4BNT AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
A.
The mass-spectrometer
.. 21
1.
Analyser tube
.. 24
2.
Ion source
** 24
3.
Ion collector assembly and
elpetron multiplier
.. 25
4.
Main magnet and source magnet
.. 28
5.
Extraction system
.. 29
3.
Data acquisition
.. 29
C.
Systejm vacuum
. • 31
1.
Baking
*• 32
2.
Invertor
.-
3.
Valves
* • 33
32
ii
D . Measurement details
E.
33
Extraction and purification
0 0 0
2.
Analysis procedure
•
tSeta Reduction
• 34
0
•
0
0
38
1.
Algorithm
0
*
0
38
2.
Sensitivity
•
0
0
40
3.
Blank correction
• 0 •42
4.
Mass-discrimination and
0
43
0 0 0
Selection,,description and pre­
paration %£ samples
1
CHAPTER III
33
0 *
1.
its’correction
F
9
.
Samples
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
46
HEON-ISOTOPIC STRUCTURES AND PROCEDURES
FOR RESOLUTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
A.
Neon-components
1.
56
*..57
Implanted or trapped components.. 53
1. Solar Wind (sw)
... 58
2. Solar energetic particles (SEP) 52
2.
3. Planetary neon (Ne - A )
... 62
4. Neon - E
... 63
In- situ produced components
... 64
1. Galactic cosmic ray (GCR)
induced component
... 65
2. Solar cosmic ray (SCR) proton
induced componotrt
B.
... 67'
Neon-production rates
...67a
1.
GCR-produced Nega
. .. 67^
2.
SCR induced Ne production rate ... 68'
C.
Resolution of different components .. .71
t).
Estimation of implanted neon
***75
- iii
Ch a p t e r i v
noble gas
c o m p o s i t i o n of t h e
recent and
ANCIENT SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES
A.
Measurement ofSEP-composition:
early attempts
... 79
1.
Direct Measurements
... a#
2.
Long term (Average)
SEP- composition
B.
... 78
... 81
Results on long term (Average)Noble
gas composition in SEP
... g6
1.
... 86
Neon isotopic composition
1. Lunar feldspar -based result.
87
2. Lunar pyroxene-based results ... 9 5
. 3. Gas-rich meteorites
2.
C.
CHAPTER V
Noble gas elemental ratios
in SEP
102
Discussion
... loe
COSMOGSNIC EFFECTS QE THE SOLAR COSMIC
R h Y PROTONS IN LUNAR SOILS
116
A.
Depth and composition dependence
119
B.
Maturity #f the soil samples
C.
Results
124
127
1.
Presence^ of SCR- produced neon
128
2,
Exposure ages
136
D.
CHAPTER VI
... 99
Discussion
14#
EARLY ACTIVE SUN:
CLUES FROM GAS-RICH METEORITES
... 1'47
*»*)
A.
B.
isotopic anomalies and the early
irradiation
... 147
Gas--rich meteorites
«•« 149
l.
Regolithic origin
2rs .
Gas— rich meteorites and
lunar soils
Epoch of irradiation
*** 149
*»* 150
»» * 15 2
iv
C,
Study of ancient SCR-energy spectrum. 153
D,
Results
154
1.
The neon data
159
2.
Neon isotopic excess
160
3.
Decomposition into various
components constituting the
4.
E.
•• • 162
Flux- requirement
... 16fc
. . . 169
Discussion
1.
2.
CHAPTER VII
mixtures
Generation of the pulse-shaped
spectrum
... ife2
High SCR-flux
... 1 7 5
NOBLE GA5ES IN METEORITES AND LUNAR ROCKS 17 R
A.
Isna C3-0 meteorite
1.
..
,
181
Noble gas elemental composition
and classification
CHAPTER VIII
181
Noble gases in Isna and GCRexposure age
2.
•
,187
B.
Antarctic meteorite
11216,
18.. ■188
C.
GCR exposure ages <f lunar rocks
■193
AH
SUMMARY AN D FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
A.
198
Summary of results
1.
Composition of the solar
energetic particles
2.
■199
(SEP)
199
The cosmogenic effects of
202
solar cosmic ray protons
3.
Records of early Sctive Sun
4.
fNoble gases in’
’meteorites and
204
,205
lunar rocks
B,
Future perspective
REFERENCES
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
206
.
.211
2 25