Winter Break Work
(Maybe this time you will study!! )
I hope you all have a wonderful, restful break! Since I know you will all be going through Chemistry withdrawals, I
thought I would put together a little work for you over break. And, yes, you do have a test on the first day back!! 
Let’s start the semester off right this time!
RESTUDY Naming
You should go back and restudy ionic, covalent, and acidic naming. Make sure to refresh your memory of your
polyatomic ions. I have included some notes and polyatomic ions list to help you.
Remember, you can email me all break at [email protected]
Polyatomic Ions
Acetate
Ammonium
Bicarbonate
Perbromate
Bromate
Hypobromate
Carbonate
Perchlorate
C2H3O2-1
NH4+1
HCO3-1
BrO4-1
BrO3-1
BrO2-1
CO3-2
ClO4-1
Chlorate
Chlorite
Hypochlorite
Chromate
Dichromate
Hydroxide
Periodate
Iodate
ClO3-1
ClO2-1
ClO-1
CrO4-2
Cr2O7-2
OH-1
IO4-1
IO3-1
Iodite
Hypoiodite
Nitrate
Nitrite
Oxalate
Permanganate
Manganate
Phosphate
IO2-1
IO-1
NO3-1
NO2-1
C2O4-2
MnO4-1
MnO4-2
PO4-3
Phosphite
Sulfate
Sulfite
Thiocyanate
Cyanate
Peroxide
PO3-3
SO4-2
SO3-2
SCN-1
OCN-1
O2-2
Ionic
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary ionic compounds are compounds that consist of only one type of metal and one type of nonmetal.
When given the formula for a binary ionic compound, the name will consist of two parts:
1. Write the name of the cation in the formula (the cation is the one that appears first).
2. Write the name of the anion but change the ending –ide.
Examples: NaCl is sodium chloride, BaI2 is barium iodide, and MgO is magnesium oxide
Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds
Ternary ionic compounds are compounds that consist of one type of metal and a polyatomic ion. It is important for you
to know all your polyatomic ions!
When given the formula for a ternary ionic compound, the name will consist of two parts:
1. Write the name of the cation in the formula (the cation is the one that appears first).
2. Write the name of the polyatomic ion (DO NOT CHANGE THE ENDING!!).
Examples: CaCO3 is calcium carbonate, K2SO4 is potassium sulfate, and Be(ClO3)2 is beryllium chlorate.
3. If the cation is ammonium (NH4+1), the first part of the name is ammonium then change the ending of the anion
to –ide.
Examples: NH4Cl is ammonium chloride and NH4F is ammonium fluoride
Cations with Variable Charges
If a metal can form cations of different charges, the positive charge is given by a roman numeral in parentheses
following the name of the metal (this happens mostly with transition metals and metals below the imaginary staircase in
the p-block). Common Variable Charge Metals  Copper, Chromium, Iron, Lead, Tin
How to write the formula of an ionic compound when given its name:
1. Write the symbol for the cation showing its charge.
2. Write the symbol for the anion (could be an element or a polyatomic ion) showing its charge.
3. Use the criss-cross method to balance the charges. Divide by their largest common factor to give the smallest
whole-number ratio of ions.
Examples: aluminum oxide is Al2O3 and sodium nitrate is NaNO3
Covalent
The system we sue to name molecular compounds is different from ionic compounds since we cannot predict the
formulas of most molecular substances since they do not form ions. This system form naming covalent molecules
(nonmetal and nonmetal compounds). The exception to this rule is compounds containing hydrogen (when it is listed
first). Hydrogen is a nonmetal that takes the charge of +1. You will name those compounds according to the acid rules
(coming up next!).
This system uses prefixes:
1 – mono
2 – di
3 – tri
4 – tetra
5 – penta
6 – hexa
7 – hepta
8 – octa
9 – nona
10 – deca
Naming Molecular Compounds
1. Name the element that appears first. Attach the prefix based on the subscript of that element (exception – do
not use mono if there is just one atom of the first element).
2. Name the second element changing the ending to –ide. Attach the prefix that corresponds with the subscript.
Examples: Cl2O is dichlorine monoxide and NF3 is nitrogen trifluoride
Acids
There are two types of acids:
1. Binary acids – acid containing two emements…one is hydrogen and the other is a different element
2. Oxyacids – acids that contain hydrogen and a polyatomic ion
The name of each acid is based on the name of its anion (the cation is always hydrogen).
1. Binary acids are named by adding the prefix hydro- and changing the suffix from –ide to –ic and adding the word
acid to the end.
2. Oxyacids are named based on the ending of the polyatomic ion it contains. If the ending –ate, change the end
to –ic acid. If the ending is –ite, change it to –ous acid.
Examples: HCl is hydrochloric acid, HF is hydrofluoric acid, HClO3 is chloric acid, HClO is hypochlorous acid