1.
Diagram A: Population Pyramids, China 2000 and 2050 (Projected)
Look at Diagram A above.
(a)
Describe differences in the population structure of China between 2000 and
2050.
(4)
(b)
What problems might the projected structure of 2050 cause for the
Government of China?
2.
Map B: World Population Density
(4)
(a)
Study Map B.
Referring to both human and physical factors, explain why some areas of the
world are more densely populated than others.
(5)
Diagram C: Population Pyramids, Scotland
(b)
Study Diagram C.
For Scotland, or any other country you have studied, describe problems which
may be caused by the population changes shown above.
(5)
3.
Table D: Selected Countries with a High Population Density
Country
Bangladesh
Taiwan
South Korea
Netherlands
India
United Kingdom
(a)
People per square kilometre
1040
644
492
400
378
258
Study Table D.
Referring to human and physical factors, explain why some countries have a
high population density.
(5)
(b)
Diagram E: Newspaper Headline
China’s population to reach 1.5 billion by 2033
Look at Diagram E.
Describe ways in which countries like China are attempting to reduce their
population growth rate.
4.
(4)
Diagram F: Projected Urban Growth
Look at Diagram F.
Describe the trends shown on the graph.
5.
(3)
Diagram G: Birth Rate in Brazil 1950-2010
Year
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
2010
Birth Rate
per 1000
27.8
7.7
24.6
15.6
14.8
13.8
10.7
Look at Diagram G.
Give reasons why the birth rate has decreased in developing countries such as
Brazil
(4)
ANSWERS
1
(a)
(b)
2.
(a)
(b)
4 marks
As a percentage of the population there are fewer babies being born in 2050 (1)
about 2% less (1) there are fewer children under the age of 15 (1) there is a
smaller working population (1) there are far more people over the age of sixty (1)
there is a great increase in the over 80’s (1) especially females (1).
Or any other valid point.
4 marks
More care will need to be provided for the elderly (1) eg care homes (1). There
may not be enough carers for the elderly (1). There will be a higher percentage
of people in retirement with less working population to support them (1). The
government will struggle to find the extra money needed for the increased
elderly population (1). Increased strain on the already limited health services (1).
A reduction in the labour force will affect the economic growth rate (1). Many
buildings will be too big for the smaller number of school children (1).
Or any other valid point.
5 marks
Some areas may be too steeply sloping for building on (1). In some areas there
may be fertile soils (1);which allows people to grow enough food to feed
themselves (1). Some areas may be too high for people to live comfortably (1).
Temperate climate would make for a suitable place to live (1). Lack of water may
prevent people from living in certain areas (1). High humidity could be a problem
(1). Other areas may be too cold (1). Areas with many natural resources are
usually attractive places for people to live (1). Areas with good transport links
usually attract people (1); such areas usually attract industry, thus giving
employment opportunities (1). Remote/isolated areas do not usually attract many
people (1).
Or any other valid point.
Both physical and human factors must be mentioned for full marks, otherwise
mark out of 4.
5 marks
Few children are being born which could result in a shortage of working adults in
years to come (1). This will result in fewer people paying tax which could affect
the nation’s economy (1). Jobs could be lost in nurseries, schools etc (1). The
country will start to develop an ageing population (1). More money will need to be
spent on pensions (1). The cost of health care for the elderly will rise (1). More
demand for care services such as meals on wheels (1). More demand for
sheltered housing and old people’s homes (1).
Or any other valid point.
3.
(a)
5 marks
For full marks reference to both human and physical must be made,
otherwise mark out of 4.
Some areas have rich natural resources to be used (1) and this attracts people in
(1). Some areas have many jobs available (1). Some areas have very good
transport and are easy to get to (1). Some areas have a temperate climate (1),
which allows many crops to be grown (1). High birth rate (1).
Or any other relevant point
(b)
4 marks
China used the one child policy to help reduce growth (1). Indonesia introduced
more free contraception (1). Some countries have used sexual education (1).
Some countries use tax incentives to encourage smaller families (1). Increased
level of education (1).
Or any other relevant point
4.
3 marks
There has been a steady slow rise in the number of people living in urban areas
in developed countries (1). Increasing from just under 500 million in 1950 to
around 1,100 million in 2050 (1). There has been a rapid rise in the number of
people living in urban areas in developing countries (1). Increasing from around
300 million in 1950 to 2500 million in 2010 (1) and will rise to about 5,200 million
in 2050 (1).
Or any other relevant answer.
5.
4 marks
Birth rate has decreased in developing countries due to improvement in medical
care which can be provided (1). This means that more babies are surviving
beyond birth (1) and parents are less inclined to have more children as
replacements for those who die (1). Contraception is more widely available (1)
and more families are planning how many children to have (1). As education levels
increase and more people have jobs, there are less children required to work on
family farms (1).
Or any other relevant answer