INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION BEGINS
KEY TERMS
• Industrialization
• Seed Drill
• Life before the IR
• Jethro Tull
• Life after the IR
• Urbanization
• Acts of Union of 1707
• Capital
• Acts of Union of 1801
• Entrepreneurs
• England / GB / UK
• Textiles
• 2nd Agricultural Revolution
(BAR)
• Enclosures
• Spinning Jenny
• Cotton Gin
• Eli Whitney
• “Putting Out System”
WHAT WAS THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION (IR)?
• Write your thoughts
• Industrial Revolution – a time of great social and
economic change characterized by the
mechanization of labor, in which mechanical
power replaced man and animal power.
• Industrialization - the process of replacing man and
animal power with mechanical power.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• When did it start?
• Where did it start?
LIFE BEFORE I.R.
Life before the I.R.
• Agrarian (Farming)
• Rural
• Weather Dependent
• People made
everything themselves
Life after the I.R.
• Villages industrialized
• Bought food and clothing
that other people made
• Travel by steam ship or
train
• Communication by
telegraph
• Anesthetic
• Sewing machine
IT BEGINS IN…GREAT BRITAIN
Advances in Agricultural Practices
2nd Agricultural Revolution
Population increases + Urbanization
Capitalism
Industry
ASIDE: BRITISH POLITICAL TERMS
• Before 1707, England and
Scotland were separate
countries on the same island
(named Britain).
• Acts of Union (1707) – Political
union of England and Scotland
• “Great Britain” created.
BRITISH TERMS (CONT’D)
• Act of Union of 1801
• Ireland joins
• Now known as the “United
Kingdom”
• Ireland would rebel & gain
independence in the “Irish War of
Independence” (1919-1921)
• Today
•
•
•
•
England = Country within the UK
Great Britain = Island
United Kingdom = GB + N. Ireland
“British Commonwealth”
BRITISH COMMONWEALTH
AGRICULTURE
2ND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
(BRITISH AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION)
•Huge Advances in Agriculture
• 1. Property Laws
• 2. Methods / Inventions
• 3. Social Media
•1700 CE
•2nd Agricultural Revolution (B.A.R.)
• A time period characterized by advances in farming
techniques in the 18th century, which led to increased food
production
• Began in England, spread throughout Europe
1. CHANGES IN PROPERTY LAWS
•Enclosures – process of taking over and
consolidating land
• Before, land was “common”
• After it was enclosed  private
• Huge increases in food production. Why?
LAND ENCLOSURES IN ENGLAND
95%
100%
90%
84%
80%
71%
70%
75%
60%
50%
45%
47%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1500
1600
1700
1760
1800
1914
2. AGRICULTURAL
METHODS / INVENTIONS
• Seed Drill (Jethro Tull)
• Crop Rotation
3. SOCIAL MEDIA
• New Farming Journals
share new methods
• INFO IS POWER!!
• Crowd Sourcing
B.A.R.
EFFECTS?
• 1. Changes in Property Laws
• 2. Agricultural Methods / Inventions
• 3. Social Media
B.A.R. EFFECTS:
POPULATION GROWTH
1700
1800
England
5 million
9 million
Europe
120 million
180 million
Why did the population increase so rapidly?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
BEGINS
1750-1850
BAR  IR
• The Industrial Revolution began in England.
• The BAR was part of the reason it started there, but
certainly does not explain it sufficiently.
POPULATION IN ENGLAND
Two Factors:
1. As food production increased, population
increased as well.
2. As food production became more efficient, less
people had to be farmers
• What did this allow?
Why Britain?
?
?
?
?
?
URBANIZATION
• Definition – rapid growth of, and migration to, large
cities.
• People move from rural areas to cities.
How would this affect your life?
Positive Effects?
Negative Effects?
New
Farming
Technique
s
Population
Increase
Fewer
People
needed
to live /
work on
farms
Urbanization
Huge
Supply of
Labor
WHY BRITAIN?
Supply
of
Labor
?
?
?
?
NATURAL RESOURCES: BRITAIN
Transportation
• Ports
• Navigable Rivers
• Access to Sea - 360
Power
• Coal
• Iron
• Close to surface
Machinery
• Iron
Supply
of
Labor
Natural
Resources
?
?
CAPITAL
• Capital – Money used to invest in a business
• The theory of Capitalism proposed by Adam Smith (English)
was more influential in British economic policy than
anywhere else
• The Middle Class in Great Britain had a lot of money at the
time, because of their overseas empire & Capitalism.
• People could invest money into companies
• Factories
• Mines
• Railroads
CAPITAL (CONTINUED)
• Entrepreneurs – people who start a business
• A great deal of RISK
• Run and operate their own company
• Do you know any entrepreneurs?
IMPACT OF CAPITALISM
• Adam Smith (British)
• The Wealth of Nations
• Free Markets
• People were free to invest their money however
they wanted.
• Special in Great Britain
Supply
of
Labor
Natural
Resources
Capital
?
NEW TECHNOLOGY
• As production increased, factories needed supplies
to make products
• Not enough cotton
• Not enough thread
• First industry to Industrialize?
• Textiles – Industry that makes cloth and clothing
• Spinning Jenny – spun thread
• Cotton Gin – Cleaned Cotton
• Invented by Eli Whitney
NEW TECHNOLOGY

Before IR, Textile companies used the “putting-out system”

Putting-Out System – Companies would
send cotton to people’s homes. People
would spin it and make it into clothes at
home, and send it back to the company.
• “Putting-out system” in Great Britain no longer worked,
because the machines were too large and expensive.
• What to do?
FACTORIES ARE BORN
• Factories were built to house the large machinery
• Workers would now go to a factory to work.
Supply
of
Labor
Natural
Resources
Capital
New
Technology
(and factories)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
• What is a positive feedback loop?
• What is a negative feedback loop?
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP:
EXAMPLE 1
Lose
Weight
More
Exercise
More
Energy
Feel
Happy
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP:
EXAMPLE 2
You are in a good
mood
Everyone is nice to
you, and it feels
good.
You are nice to
everyone , because
of your mood
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP:
EXAMPLE 1
You yell at
your mom
You get
angry
Your mom
yells at you
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP:
EXAMPLE 1
You are a
negative
person
You tell yourself
how much you
hate everything
Everything you
see makes you
mad
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP:
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRITAIN
Factories produced a
lot of goods.
Factories made
money, and
reinvested the capital
into better machines
Goods became
cheaper
More people wanted
to buy these cheaper
goods
THE ELEGANT BEAUTY OF CAPITALISM
• Additionally:
• Factory workers
had money to
buy goods.
• Factories made
money, so more
people wanted
to invest capital
• Inventions made
money, so more
people worked
on inventions
Factories produced a
lot of goods.
Factories made
money, and
reinvested the capital
into better machines
Goods became
cheaper
More people wanted
to buy these cheaper
goods
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c