Chapter 12
Emotion, Stress and Health
Chapter 12 Preview
Emotions
Stress of Living
Health Psychology
Recapping Main Points
What are Emotions?
Emotion
Complex pattern of
changes made in response
to situation perceived to be
personally significant
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Emotions and Culture
• Silvan Tomkins
Are some emotional
responses innate?
Pervasive role of
immediate, unlearned
affective emotions
• Paul Ekman
Are emotional
All people share
expressions universal?
overlap in facial
How does culture
• Wolof people of Senegal
language
constrain emotional
expression?
Mébengolkre of Central Brazil
Norms for facial displays for
pain
Judgments of Emotional Expressions
Theories of Emotion
Sympathetic
Autonomic
Nervous System
Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Hypothalamus
The Physiology
of Emotion
Limbic System
Amygdala
Cerebral cortex
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Theories of Emotion
James-Lange Theory of body
reaction
• Peripheral-feedback theory stating
that eliciting stimulus triggers
behavioral response
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Theories of Emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
• Emotional stimulus produces
two co-occurring reactions:
arousal and emotion
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Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Theories of Emotion
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
• Joint effect of
physiological arousal and
cognitive appraisal
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory of Emotion
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Impact of Mood and Emotions
Processes through
which people change
intensity and duration
of experienced
emotions
Emotion
Regulation
Subjective Well-Being
Positive psychology
• Applies research to provide
people with knowledge and
Subjective wellbeing
• Overall evaluation of life
skills that allow them to
satisfaction and
experience fulfilling lives
happiness
Psychology in Your Life
Can you accurately predict your future
emotions?
Can you think of any reasons why it might
be useful to do this?
Look at the information on page 333 of your
text for more ideas.
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Stressors
Stress
Stress of Living
Pattern of specific and nonspecific responses that disturb
equilibrium
Stimulus event that places demand
on organism for some kind of
adaptive response
A Model of Stress
Acute
Stress
Physiological Stress Reactions
Clear onset and offset patterns
Stress
Chronic
Continuous state of arousal
Demands are greater than are available
resources
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Emergency Reaction to Acute Stress
Prepares the body for
Fight-or-Flight Response
combat and struggle or
for running away to safety
Shelly Taylor
Tend-and-Befriend
Response
Females protect offspring
and
join
social groups
Body’s Response to Stress
Emergency Reaction to Chronic Stress
General
Adaptation
Syndrome
(GAS)
Alarm reaction
Han Selye:
Three-stage
Resistance
response
Exhaustion
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The General Adaptation Syndrome
Psychological Stress Reactions
Major Life Events
Catastrophic and Traumatic Events
Chronic Stressors
Daily Hassles
Life-Change Units for Some Major Life
Events
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Coping with Stress
Process of dealing with
Coping
internal or external
demands perceived as
straining
Coping with Stress
Primary and
secondary
appraisal
Stress
Cognitive
moderator
appraisal
variables
Appraisal
of Stress
Coping with Stress
Types of Coping Responses
Anticipatory
coping
Emotionfocused
coping
• uncontrolla
ble
stressors
Problemdirected
coping
• controllable
stressors
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Coping with Stress
Restructuring
Reappraising
Stress
Inoculation
Perceived
Modifying
Control
Cognitive
Strategies
Coping with Stress
Tangible
support
Socioemotional
Informational
support
support
Social Support
as Coping
Resource
Matches and Mismatches for Social
Support
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Positive Effects of Stress
• Goal to provide people
with knowledge and
skills that allow them to
Positive
experience fulfilling
Psychology
lives
• Benefit finding
• Posttraumatic growth
Biopsychosocial Models of Health
Health
• General condition of
body and mind in
terms of soundness
and vigor
Health Psychology
• Ways people stay healthy
• Reasons they become ill
• Ways they respond when
they become ill
Field of Health
Psychology
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Biopsychosocial Model of Health
Biopsychosocial
Model
Traditional Health
Wellness
Practices
Health Promotion
Health Promotion
General strategies and
specific tasks to
eliminate or reduce risk
that people will get sick
Health Promotion
Smoking
Stages of
Quitting
Maintenance
Precontemplation
Action
Contemplation
Preparation
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Critical Thinking in Your Life
Can health psychology help you get more
exercise?
Do you think some of the stages presented
on page 349 of your text can help you
overcome unhealthy behaviors?
Health Promotion
HIV and AIDS
• Virus that attacks white
HIV
blood cells in human
blood and causes
immune system
damage
AIDS
• Virus that damages
immune system and
weakens body’s ability
to fight infection
Health Promotion
• Information
AIDS
• Motivation
Interventions • Behavioral
Skills
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Treatment
Patient Adherence
Harnessing mind to heal
body
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychological impact on
health outcomes
Psychoneuroimmunology
Investigation
of interactions
Robert Ader
and Nicholas
Cohen
between
psychological
processes
and functions
of immune
system
Personality and Health
Type “A”
Type “B”
Behavior
Behavior
Pattern
Pattern
• Competition,
• Less
aggression,
competitive, less
impatience,
hostile, and so
hostility
on
• Coronary Heart
Disease (CHD)
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Job Burnout and the Healthcare System
Job
Burnout
• Emotional
exhaustion
• Depersonalization
• Reduced personal
accomplishments
A Toast to Your Health
Nine year-round resolutions
• Never say bad thing about yourself
• Gauge appropriateness of your response against suitable social norms
• Have several close friends
• Develop a sense of balanced time perspective
• Take full credit for your successes and happiness
• Remove yourself from the situation when you feel you are losing control
• See failure and disappointments as opportunities
• Seek professional help when needed
• Cultivate healthy pleasures
Recapping Chapter 12 Main Points
Emotions
• Basic Emotions and Culture
• Theories of Emotion
• Functions of Emotion
Stress and Living
• Physiological Stress Reactions
• Psychological Stress Reactions
• Coping with Stress
• Positive Effects of Stress
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Recapping Chapter 12 Main Points
Health Psychology
• Biopsychosocial Model of Health
• Health Promotion
• Treatment
• Personality and Health
• Job Burnout and the Health-Care System
• A Toast to Your Health
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