Multiplication
Year
Age related
expectations
Vocab.
Recap
Recording
Progression
R
Count repeated groups of the same size (1s / 2s / 5s / 10s) Groups of
Lots of
Repeated addition
Doubling
Add
Addition
N/A
Symbols/pictures/objects
As above
Multiplication
Multiple
Times
YrR
Using
symbols/pictures
/objects
1
Solve (practical) problems that involve combining groups of 2, 5 or 10. Use concrete objects, pictorial representations and arrays with the support of the teacher. Number sentences
(still supported with object/symbols)
3 plates, 2 cakes on each plate:
Rapid recall
Mental
calculation
Counting on and back in 1s.
Doubling facts to 10.
Doubling facts to
ten.
Count on / back in 1s, 2s, 5s and
10s
Count groups of
1s, 2s, 5s and
10s.
Doubling:
2 + 2 = 4 e.g. with counters
Number tracks / Number line
Repeated addition
Arrays
(Supported with objects/symbols)
2 x 3 or 3 x 2
[two, three times] or [three groups of two]
5 x 3 or 3 x 5
3+3+3=9
Doubles of numbers to 10 and
beyond
Arrays
Count in 2s, 3s, 5s and 10s
5 x 3 or 3 x 5
Derive multiples of 2, 5 & 10 up to
12x
Writing number
sentences
0
2
4
6
(modelled using bead strings)
2
Multiplication as
repeated addition and
arrays
As above
Array
Inverse
Calculate number
sentences using the x
and = sign.
Yr 1
Using a number
line
Repeated
addition
Repeated addition
(5 x 3 or 3 x 5)
Doubles of TU
numbers
Multiples of 2s, 5s
and 10s to be fluent
Recognise odd/even nos.
0
3
6
9
12
15
Relate to x facts (and derive related
 facts)
Able to apply to word
problems
0
5
10
Also 14 x 2 as (10 x 2 and 4 x 2)
Doubles of numbers to 20
Grid method
13 x 4
x
Derive / recall 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 10
times tables
15
3
TU x U
(eg 13 x 4)
Use x facts for the
3,4,8 times tables.
As above
Product
Factor
Yr2
Empty number
line
Arrays
Progress to using an empty number line
Partitioning
13 x 4
10 x 4 = 40
3 x 4 = 12
4
10
3
40
12
(Derive related division facts)
Recognise multiples of 2, 5 and 10
up to 1000
40 + 12 = 52
Able to apply to word
problems
4
Record, support and
explain:
Use x facts for the
6,7,9,11,12 times
tables.
TU x U, HTU x U
(eg 16 x 8; 143 x 6)
UxUxU
(with/without brackets)
(Includes estimation
first)
Able to apply to word
problems Find 10, 100, 1000 more or less than a given number TU X U 40 + 12 = 52
As above
Yr3
Partitioning
Grid method –
TU x U
Grid method
43 x 6
Expanded vertical
method
X
6
40
240
3
18
43
x 6
18 ( 3 x 6)
240 (40 x 6)
Efficient vertical method
43
x 6
258
1
258
Column method needed to support calculation
Progressing to TU x TU Grid Method (see Y5)
Progressing to TU x TU
Efficient Vertical Method
(see Y5)
Derive / recall facts to 12 x 12 (Yr 4:
6, 7, 9, 11, 12)
Multiples of numbers to 10 up to the
10th multiple
Numbers up to
1000 x 10 / 100
(whole number
answers and
understand the
effect)
Doubles of TU /
HTU numbers and
multiples of 10 /
100
Count in multiples
of 6, 7, 9, 25 and
1000
5
Refine and use
efficient methods:
Multiply nos up to:
As above
Square numbers
Cubed numbers
ThHTU x U
ThHTU x TU
U.t x U
Yr4
Grid method –
short period only
Expanded
vertical method
Efficient vertical
method
(Includes estimation
first)
Grid method
Expanded vertical
Efficient vertical method
Recall quickly facts to 12 x 12
Multiply whole numbers/decimals
by 10 / 100 / 1000
TU x U (eg 12 x 9)
TU x TU (eg 16 x
25)
Use known facts to derive other
facts
[Find common multiples of two
numbers]
Doubles of U.t /
0.th
Column method needed to support calculation
Multiply whole
numbers / decimals
by 10 / 100 / 1000
And decimals
6
Use efficient
methods:
Integer (up to 4 digits)
x TU (eg 2307 x 28)
Decimal x U (eg 31.6
x 7)
As above
Yr5
Grid method
Efficient vertical
method
Multiplying Decimals
Multiply without decimals e.g.
4.65 x 1.4 becomes 465 x 14 = 6510
Use efficient Vertical Method.
Count places after decimal point (3 in this case) and
replace.
6510 becomes 6.51.
Efficient Vertical Method
Use facts up to 12 x 12 to derive
facts involving multiples of 10 / 100
(eg 80 x 30) and decimals (eg 0.8 x
7)
Derive squares of numbers to 12 x
12
Derive corresponding squares of
multiples of 10
U x decimal up to
2dp.
Integer x 1000 /
100 / 10 / 0.1 / 0.01