! " $ $ ' ! # $ % &# % ' ( # % $ * $ ) ' + , -. /& 0 , -.1 -.22 3 4 -5* ). 6 % 8 ! & % % Can you imagine a mole of donuts? 1 .7 ! * ' ' ! 0 ' & ' 6 $ 0 9 ! 5* ) . 1 % : ; $ < 0 $ ' 6 $ 0 9 ! & & = 5 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 6 % 6 ! &! , 6 % >? 8 ( % + @ &% $ 5* ) . 0 A 0 % 5* ) . 1@ % $ % 1 @ % & @ & B 5* 9 ( C $ $ A %$ ) .1 >*7 ) .> A 5 ' " 5*> ) . #1 % 5* ) .? ! * ) . #5 * .) . #1 %$ '1 ' ' * >>> * . ! $ 5* 5* 5* ) . ) . ) . 1 1 1 !% $ . - 51*? $ - .* .$ - ??*7$ ! " A 0 @ 6 &$ ! * 5* % ! ) . 1 3 9 14@ 2 .9 1 2 B. ! $ . ' 2 1 4 91 ' 3 . 9 ! ! ' ! 0 * / ! ! 3 $ ! * 4' Molecules OR atoms ! . #6 $ 0 % 3 mol Ne 1 1 6.02x1023 atoms 1 mol !* 6.02x1023 particles 1 mol 1 mol 6.02x1023 particles % ! 9@ 1.81x1024 atoms Ne C 6 .* * 1* A A 6 % % & $ It’s as easy as 1-2-3! % . $ 3 *4 Molecules? ’s Nu m Use the subscript Av og ad ro 6.02x1023 particles 1 mol Atoms be r PARTICLES 1 mol 6.02x1023 particles MOLES % 6 mol O2 1 % )$ 6.02x1023 molecules O2 1 mol O2 8.02x1020 molec. I2 1 < 5 2 atoms O 1 molec. O2 7* ) . 1 mol I2 6.02x1023 molecules I2 @ 7.22x1024 atoms O <@ 1.33x10-3 mol I2 + & % 3 ; ! * CB % D 4 " $ * $ . ! ! * " * $ ' $E 9 - *.7$E -.5* F -1 * $E C- 17* 1 $E 9 - * D.5* D.* 7-2 * $E -. * .D.5* F -22* .$E 6 3 141 - 5* 7F D3 . * .F 14 D3 .5* F4 11* $E < &% ! ..* $ 9 ; .* !4 9 - 1* $E 1* $E D 1?*? $E !4 ! * * % 9 ' @ 3 $ -1?*? $E -?7*? $E 3 $ G0 9 .* * B 3 .* -?7*? $E % " % .4 ! &% * ; &% *? B ! 9 % $ @ MASS s as M ar ol M moles x g = g mol g x mol = moles g MOLES % 14 g LiOH 1 .2 $ 1 mol LiOH 23.95 g LiOH % 15 g N2 1 @ 0.58 mol LiOH .? $9 @ 1 mol N2 28.02 g N2 0.54 mol N2 % 4 mol H2O2 1 % 56 mol CaCO3 1 $ 2 34.016 g H2O2 1 mol H2O2 $ 100.09 g CaCO3 1 mol CaCO3 @ 136.06 g H2O2 ?5 1@ 5605.04 g CaCO3 + & % * $ ; CB ! % $ " $ * MASS Use molar mass ; % ! 3. PARTICLES Avogadro’s Number MOLES !! $ ..4* & % ( = &% % *; ? $ % ! &@ $ $ $6 $ 250 g C12H22O11 1 $ 0 1 mol C12H22O11 342.3 g C12H22O11 !* 6.02x1023 molecules 1 mol C12H22O11 4.4x1023 molec. C12H22O11 < ! 2* ). 2 ! ) ' % ( = $ G 6 $ 0 !' *3 .* 4.0 x 1024 molec. CH4 1 1 mol CH4 6.02x1023 molec. CH4 3 24 $ @ $ $ $ D.* 2F 24 16.016 g CH4 1 mol CH4 106.42 g CH4 6 '" ! $ $ * . $ ( . HB( 4 3 B *2 * ' ' * MASS PARTICLES Molar Mass Avogadro’s Number MOLES Molar Volume (22.4 L/mol) VOLUME of gases at STP 6 ( = .4 4 !* $ .* # &% B( * & @ $ % * $6 $ 0 0 1.0-L CO2 1 % : 6.02 x 1023 molec CO2 1 mol CO2 1 mol CO2 22.4 L CO2 6 % *7 B( @ $ 0.82 mol O2 1 2.7 x 1022 molec. CO2 22.4 L O2 1 mol O2 )$ $ * A 18 L O2 ( < : % $ A 6 $@ $ ' % $ @ % $ $* ( ; % ! * !. * + $I = = A ) . % $ 3 4 -.7$ $ )$ . % )$ ' .7$' $ * % + $I % of element = total mass of element in compound total mass of compound I I $ - * $ .7* $ )$ - .5 $ .7* $ 100 ) . -..I ). -7 I + $I B =) $ 6 ' &% ) ! ' *. 52 $ ( = + 3 ' % ! % * + )$ ' * .?7$ @ * 1> $% * 27 $ $ * A I ! I 27$E * 1> $4 ). I -2 * ' 4 ! ' . * I - 3* % I -3*. 52 $ E * 1> $4 ). I -?1*11I I -3* .?7$ E * 1> $4 ). I -5*5>I $ ! ; *1 $ *. $ $ ' .*5 $ 2* #$ )$ ' * I 9 -3*1 $E2* $4 ). I -?>*?I 9 I -3 .*5 $E2* $4 ). I -2 * I I -3*. $E2* $4 ). I - *? I B Number of particles A Moles of substance E D C Mass of substance F Volume of gas (STP) a) Use N as a unit factor: multiply by 1 mol/6.02x1023 b) Use N as a unit factor: multiply by 6.02x1023/1 mol c) Use molar mass as a unit factor: multiply by 1 mol/#g d) Use molar mass as a unit factor: multiply by #g/1 mol e) Use molar volume as a unit factor: multiply by 1 mol/22.4L f) Use molar volume as a unit factor: multiply by 22.4L/1 mol
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