Name
Class
Chapter 1 The Science of Biology
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. What is science?
2. What is the relationship between observation and gathering data?
3. How do you make an inference?
4. What is the difference between a manipulated variable and a
responding variable in a controlled experiment?
5. What is the difference between sexual reproduction and asexual
reproduction?
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best matches
each description.
6. hypothesis
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7. cell culture
8. data
9. evolve
10. metric system
11. homeostasis
12. cell fractionation
13. microscope
a. process of keeping internal conditions fairly
constant
b. device that produces images of structures that
are too small to see with the unaided eye
c. proposed scientific explanation for a set of
observations
d. group of cells that develops from a single,
original cell
14. biology
e. well-tested explanation that unifies a broad
range of observations
15. theory
f. information gathered from observation
g. the science that seeks to understand the living
world
h. to change over time
i. decimal system based on certain standards and
scaled on multiples of 10
j. technique that separates different cell parts
Teaching Resources /Chapter 1
5
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
16. What theory was disproved by the experiment
shown in the diagram?
a. homeostasis
c. metabolism
b. evolution
d. spontaneous generation
17. What is the name for a collection of living matter enclosed
by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings?
a. cell
c. cell fractionation
b. cell culture
d. DNA
18. What is the name for a combination of chemical changes
that builds up or breaks down material in an organism?
c. sexual reproduction
b. metabolism
d. cell culture
19. What type of microscope allows light to pass through the
specimen and uses two lenses to form an image?
a. transmission electron
microscope
c. compound light
microscope
b. electron microscope
d. scanning electron
microscope
20. The type of microscope that focuses beams of
electrons on specimens is the
6
a. compound microscope.
c. scanning microscope.
b. electron microscope.
d. compound light
microscope.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 1
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a. homeostasis
Name
Class
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. Protons and neutrons together form the
which is at the center of the atom.
,
2. A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom is called
a(an)
.
3. A chemical
is a substance formed by the
combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
4. The two main types of chemical bonds are
and
.
5. The slight attractions that develop between the oppositely charged
regions of nearby molecules are called
.
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
6. How do a sodium atom and a positive sodium ion differ?
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7. How do cohesion and adhesion differ?
8. In a salt solution, why is water the solvent and salt the solute?
9. How do acids and bases differ?
10. Describe the roles of a catalyst and a substrate in a chemical reaction.
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2
19
Name
Class
Date
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that best
matches each term.
a. atoms of the same element that differ in the number
of neutrons
11. polymer
12. amino acid
13. monosaccharide
14. isotopes
b. dissolved compound that prevents sharp swings
in pH
c. large compound formed by the joining of small
compounds, called monomers
15. buffer
16. nucleic acid
d. catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in cells
17. enzyme
e. monomer of a protein
18. chemical reaction
19. lipid
f. process that produces a new set of chemicals
g. single sugar molecule
h. stores and transmits genetic information
i. part of waterproof coverings
Labeling Diagrams For questions 20 and 21, identify the diagram as one of
the following: nucleotide, amino acid, or lipid. Place your answer on the lines
provided below each diagram.
20. Nitrogenous base
21.
Phosphate group
H
H
O
N
C
C
H
C
H
OH
H
OH
5-carbon sugar
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Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of the reaction as
one of the following: products, reactants, or activation energy.
Energy-Releasing Reaction
Energy
23
22
24
Course of Reaction
22.
23.
24.
20
Teaching Resources/Chapter 2
Name
Class
Chapter 3 The Biosphere
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Short Answer On the lines provided, define the following terms.
1. ecology
2. biosphere
3. species
4. community
5. biome
6. autotroph
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the phrase or term
that best answers each question.
7. What are the products of photosynthesis?
a. water and energy
c. water and sugars
b. carbon dioxide and carbohydrates
d. oxygen and carbohydrates
8. What process does the illustration below show?
a. photosynthesis
c. chemosynthesis
b. evaporation
d. transpiration
Bacterial Cell
Sulfur +
compounds
Energy
9. Which of the following types of organisms obtain
energy by eating only plants?
a. producers
c. omnivores
b. herbivores
d. carnivores
10. Which of the following types of heterotrophs eat other
animals?
a. omnivores and carnivores
c. carnivores only
b. herbivores and omnivores
d. carnivores and herbivores
32
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
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Hydrogen
+ Oxygen
sulfide
Name
Class
Date
11. What are organisms that feed on plant and animal
remains and other dead matter called?
a. decomposers
c. detritivores
b. omnivores
d. herbivores
12. Which of the following types of heterotrophs would
bacteria and fungi be classified as?
a. detritivores
c. carnivores
b. herbivores
d. decomposers
13. What is the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem called?
a. a food chain
c. a food web
b. an energy pyramid
d. a biomass pyramid
14. What links all the food chains in an ecosystem
together?
a. trophic levels
c. a food web
b. an energy pyramid
d. a biomass pyramid
15. What is each step in a food chain or food web called?
a. a trophic level
c. an ecological pyramid
b. a biomass
d. a limiting level
16. What pyramid represents the amount of energy or
matter that exists in each level of a food web?
a. a food pyramid
c. an ecosystem pyramid
b. an ecological pyramid
d. a food web pyramid
17. What is the total amount of living tissue within a
given trophic level called?
a. biomass
c. biome
b. limiting nutrient
d. nutrient
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
18. Molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere
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in
cycles.
19. The process by which water changes from liquid form to an
atmospheric gas is called
.
20. During
, water enters the atmosphere by
evaporating from the leaves of plants.
21. A chemical substance that an organism requires to live is called a(an)
.
22. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia is a process
called
.
23. The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas is called
.
24. The rate at which organic matter is created by producers or
consumers is called
.
25. A nutrient that is scarce or cycles slowly through an ecosystem is
called a(an)
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
.
33
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that matches
each term.
1. weather
a. nonliving factors that shape ecosystems
2. greenhouse effect
b. the full range of conditions in which an
organism lives and the way in which the
organism uses those conditions
3. polar zone
4. temperate zone
c. natural situation in which atmospheric gases
trap heat inside Earth’s atmosphere
5. biotic factors
6. abiotic factors
d. cold area where the sun’s rays strike at a very
low angle
7. niche
8. predation
e. interaction where an organism captures and
feeds on another organism
f. day-to-day condition of Earth’s atmosphere at
a particular time and place
g. climate in this area ranges from hot to cold,
depending on the season
h. biological influences on organisms within an
ecosystem
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
9. The three main types of symbiotic relationships in nature are
,
, and
.
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10. The gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance
is called
.
11. A group of communities that covers a large area and that contains a
characteristic assemblage of plants and animals is called a(an)
.
12. From higher to lower, the two layers that plants make up in a
tropical rain forest are the
and the
.
13. Trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have leaves shaped like
needles are called
.
14. The
coniferous trees.
contains dense evergreen forests of
15. The tiny, free-floating, weakly swimming algae and animals that
occur in both freshwater and saltwater environments are called
.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 4
45
Name
Class
Date
16. The well-lit upper layer of bodies of water where photosynthesis can
take place is called the
zone.
17. The permanently dark section of the ocean is called the
zone.
18. The prominent horizontal banding of organisms that live in a
particular habitat is called
.
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the phrase or term
that best answers the question.
19. What type of single-celled algae are supported by
nutrients in water and form the base of aquatic food
webs?
a. sphagnum
c. zooplankton
b. detritus
d. phytoplankton
20. Which one of the following is NOT a freshwater
wetland?
a. bog
c. swamp
b. marsh
d. salt marsh
21. What type of wetland forms when a freshwater
source meets the ocean?
a. estuary
c. bog
b. salt marsh
d. mangrove swamp
22. What type of ecosystem occurs in tropical climates
and contains dominant species of salt-tolerant woody
plants?
a. salt marsh
c. wetland
b. mangrove swamp
d. benthic zone
Land
A
200m
1000m
l
da
rti ne
e
t
In zo
c
hi
nt e
Be zon
Continental
shelf
46
Continental
slope and
continental
rise
Open
ocean
Photic zone
4000m
Aphotic zone
6000m
10,000m
Abyssal
plain
Ocean
trench
Teaching Resources /Chapter 4
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23. In the illustration below, which ocean zone is A
referring to?
a. coastal ocean
c. photic zone
b. aphotic zone
d. benthic zone
Name
Class
Chapter 5 Populations
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, write a definition for each of the
following terms.
1. population density
2. emigration
3. exponential growth
4. logistic growth
5. limiting factor
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
6. A lone elephant joining another herd of elephants is
an example of
a. emigration.
c. immigration.
b. parasitism.
d. exponential growth.
a. logistic growth
c. decreasing growth
b. exponential growth
d. density-dependent growth
Number of Elephants (millions)
Growth of Elephant Population
58
20
15
10
5
0
0
500
250
Time (years)
750
Teaching Resources /Chapter 5
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7. What type of growth is shown in the graph below?
Name
Class
Date
8. On a graph of population growth, the size of the
population when the growth rate decreases to zero
represents an area’s
a. density-independent limiting factor.
b. density-dependent limiting factor.
c. predator-prey relationship.
d. carrying capacity.
9. Parasitism is an example of a
a. density-independent limiting factor.
c. predator-prey relationship.
b. density-dependent limiting factor.
d. seasonal cycle.
10. The graph below is an example of
a. a density-independent factor.
c. a predator-prey relationship.
b. exponential growth.
d. an age-structure diagram.
2400
50
2000
40
1600
30
1200
20
800
10
400
0
1955
Number of Moose
Number of Wolves
Wolf and Moose Populations on Isle Royale
60
0
1960
1965
1970
1975
Year
1980
1985
1990
1995
Moose
Wolves
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11. A natural disaster is classified as a(an)
a. density-dependent limiting factor.
c. logistic growth factor.
b. density-independent limiting factor.
d. exponential growth factor.
12. The scientific study of human populations is called
a. demography.
c. logistics.
b. immigration.
d. emigration.
13. The tendency of a population to shift from high birth and
death rates to low birth and death rates is called a(an)
a. density-dependent limiting factor.
c. carrying capacity.
b. demographic transition.
d. exponential growth.
14. Populations that have not undergone demographic
transition typically characterized by
a. high infant mortality.
c. advances in medicine.
b. small families.
d. increased life expectancy.
15. What is another name for a population profile?
a. demographic transition
c. population density
b. age-structure diagram
d. demographic diagram
Teaching Resources /Chapter 5
59
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 6 Humans in the Biosphere
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below and on the following page to complete
the puzzle.
1
2
3
6
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
15
Across
2. wearing away of surface soil by wind and water:
erosion
7. layer of atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet light
8. resource that can regenerate and is therefore replaceable
9. mixture of chemicals that occurs as a haze in the atmosphere
10. way of using resources at a rate that does not deplete them:
use
11. disappearance of a species from all or part of its geographical range
12. type of diversity that includes all forms of genetic information
carried by all organisms
13. precipitation that contains drops of nitric and sulfuric acid: acid
14. type of subsistence foraging
15. method of farming in which large fields are cleared and planted with
a single crop year after year
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
71
Name
Class
Date
Down
1. practice that uses new intensive farming practices to increase food
production:
revolution
2. mixture of either smoke and fog or chemicals and sunlight
3. fish farming
4. harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the air, land, or water
5. loss of forests
6. the practice of farming
11. variety of different habitats, communities, and ecological processes:
diversity
12. type of warming that shows the trend in increasing temperature of Earth
72
Teaching Resources /Chapter 6
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Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
16. A resource that cannot be replenished by natural
processes is called
a. nonrenewable.
c. renewable.
b. a stockpile.
d. scarce.
17. The sum total of the variety of organisms in the
biosphere is called
a. diversity.
c. genetic diversity.
b. biodiversity.
d. species diversity.
18. Development can split a habitat into smaller parts, in
an effect known as
a. biological magnification.
c. ecosystem diversity.
b. habitat conservation.
d. habitat fragmentation.
19. Populations that are introduced into a new habitat
and reproduce rapidly are known as
a. diverse species.
c. parasites.
b. invasive species.
d. predators.
20. The increasing concentration of a harmful substance
in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain
or food web is called
a. biological magnification.
c. biodiversity.
b. desertification.
d. genetic diversity.
21. What term is used to describe a species whose
population is rapidly shrinking and might disappear
completely?
a. endangered
c. extinct
b. threatened
d. invasive
22. In ecology, what term is used to describe the wise
management of natural resources?
a. renewable
c. conservation
b. equilibrium
d. diverse
Name
Class
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, match the term with its definition.
1. cell
a. organism whose cells contain a nucleus
2. cell membrane
b. granular material visible within the nucleus
3. cell wall
c. the basic unit of life
4. nucleus
5. cytoplasm
d. specialized structures within a cell that perform important
cell functions
6. prokaryote
e. organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus
7. eukaryote
f. strong layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell
8. organelle
g. process by which extensions of cytoplasm engulf large
particles
9. chromatin
10. phagocytosis
h. large structure that contains the cell’s genetic information
i. thin, double-layered sheet around the cell
j. portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter that best completes
the sentence or answers the question.
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11. The small dense region in the nucleus where the
assembly of ribosomes begins is called the
a. nucleolus.
b. nuclear envelope.
c. chloroplast.
d. vacuole.
12. The hollow tubes of protein that help maintain the shape of
the cell are called
a. microfilaments.
b. mitochondrion.
c. microtubules.
d. ribosomes.
13. Which organelles can use energy from sunlight to
create energy-rich food molecules?
a. lysosomes
b. Golgi apparati
c. vacuoles
d. chloropasts
14. What is the process by which material is taken into
the cell by infoldings of the cell membrane?
a. diffusion
b. endocytosis
c. osmosis
d. exocytosis
15. The fourth, and highest, level of organization in a
multicellular organism is
a. cell specialization.
b. a tissue.
c. an organ system.
d. an organ.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 7
85
Name
Class
Date
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the structures found in an
animal cell that correspond with the numbers in the diagram.
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
16.
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Nuclear envelope
19.
17.
18.
Centrioles
16.
17.
18.
19.
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
information of the cell are called
.
21. Particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration in a process known as
.
22. When some substances can pass across them but others cannot,
biological membranes are said to have
.
23. The process in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable
membrane is called
.
24. The process by which a protein channel allows molecules to cross the
cell membrane is called
.
25. The process that requires an input of energy to help material move
from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater
concentration is called
.
86
Teaching Resources /Chapter 7
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20. The distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic
Name
Class
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, write a definition of each of the
following terms.
1. ATP
2. thylakoid
3. NADP
4. ATP synthase
5. Calvin cycle
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
6. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
8. What is the relationship between pigments and chlorophyll?
9. How do the light-dependent reactions differ from the Calvin cycle?
10. What compounds are formed from carbon dioxide in the Calvin
cycle?
98
Teaching Resources /Chapter 8
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7. In which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?
Name
Class
Date
Matching Match each term with its description below. Write the letter of the
correct term on the line provided.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
chlorophyll
stroma
pigment
photosynthesis
light-dependent reactions
11. molecule that absorbs light
12. produce oxygen gas and convert ADP to ATP
13. the region outside the thylakoid membranes
14. principal pigment found in plants
15. process by which autotrophs use sunlight to make
high-energy sugars
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, write the names of the reactants
and products for photosynthesis that correspond to the numbers in the diagram.
18.
17.
16.
NADP
ADP P
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Calvin
Cycle
19.
20.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 8
99
Name
Class
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, write a definition for each of the
following terms.
1. calorie
2. glycolysis
3. cellular respiration
4. NAD
5. fermentation
6. anaerobic
7. aerobic
8. Krebs cycle
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9. electron transport chain
Identification On the lines provided, identify which phrase describes the
following processes: cellular respiration, glycolysis, lactic acid fermentation,
or alcoholic fermentation.
10. important in baking bread
11. builds up in muscles after a few seconds of intense activity
12. requires oxygen and glucose
13. produces 2 ATP molecules and pyruvic acid
14. almost the opposite process of photosynthesis
15. the reason why runners breathe heavily after a race
Teaching Resources /Chapter 9
109
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter that best answers the
question.
16. What is the net energy gain in glycolysis?
a. 4 molecules of ATP
c. 36 molecules of ATP
b. 2 molecules of ATP
d. 38 molecules of ATP
17. Which of the following causes a painful, burning
sensation in muscles after vigorous exercise?
a. alcohol
c. pyruvic acid
b. glycolysis
d. lactic acid
18. What is another name for the Krebs cycle?
a. the glycolysis cycle
c. the citric acid cycle
b. alcoholic fermentation
d. the respiration cycle
Interpreting Diagrams On the lines below, write the name of the stage of
cellular respiration that corresponds with the numbers in the diagram.
Electrons carried via NADH
Pyruvic
acid
19.
Glucose
20.
Electrons
carried via
NADH and
FADH2
Electron
Transport Chain
Cytoplasm
ATP
ATP
ATP
19.
20.
110
Teaching Resources /Chapter 9
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Mitochondrion
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Division
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The M phase is also known as
.
2. Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the
.
are G1, S, and G2.
3. The three phases of
4. The
is the series of events that cells go
through as they grow and divide.
5. The
is a fanlike microtubule structure
that helps separate the chromosomes.
is the division of the cell nucleus.
6.
7. The four phases of mitosis are
,
,
, and
.
8. The division of the cytoplasm during the M phase is called
.
9. Proteins known as
the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells .
10.
regulate the timing of
is a disorder in which some of the
body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth.
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter that best completes the
statements or answers the question.
12. Before cell division, each chromosome consists of two
identical “sister”
a. centromeres.
c. chromatids.
b. cell cycles.
d. spindles.
13. The four phases of the cell cycle are
a. interphase, mitosis, G1, and G2.
b. M phase, G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.
c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
d. cytokinesis, mitosis, interphase, and metaphase.
14. What phase of mitosis takes the longest period of time?
a. prophase
c. anaphase
b. cytokinesis
d. interphase
122
Teaching Resources /Chapter 10
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11. What process ensures that each daughter cell gets
one complete set of genetic information and that
each daughter cell also has increased surface area?
a. cell division
c. cytokinesis
b. mitosis
d. cancer
Name
Class
Date
15. What part of the cell separates and takes up
positions on opposite sides of the nucleus during
prophase?
a. centrioles
c. chromatids
b. centromeres
d. spindles
16. What phase of mitosis usually occurs at the same
time as cytokinesis?
a. anaphase
c. prophase
b. telophase
d. cell division
17. What is the name for tumors that form and can
cause damage to surrounding tissue?
a. cyclins
c. cytokinesis
b. mitosis
d. cancer
Labeling Diagrams On the lines below, label the events in the cell cycle that
correspond with the numbers in the diagram.
Cell growth
24.
23
.
p li c a t i o n
25.
DN
In
19.
A re
20.
Cell
division
ter p
Mitosis
21.
18.
Pr
ep
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
M phase
hase
22.
ar
at
io n
for
m
it o s i s
18.
22.
19.
23.
20.
24.
21.
25.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 10
123
Name
Class
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition of each term.
1. genetics
a. likelihood that something will happen
2. trait
b. process of reduction division
3. hybrid
c. specific characteristic
4. gene
d. offspring of crosses between parents with different
traits
5. allele
e. containing a single set of chromosomes
6. gamete
f. sex cell
7. probability
g. factor that determines traits
8. Punnett square
h. diagram showing possible gene combinations
9. haploid
i. the scientific study of heredity
10. meiosis
j. form of a gene
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences:
11. Organisms that self-pollinate, producing offspring identical to
themselves, are
.
12. Although organisms with the same physical characteristics have
the same
, they might have different
, or genetic makeup.
13. According to the principle known as
,
genes that segregate independently do not influence each other’s
inheritance.
and
are
similar because the heterozygous phenotype is different from the
homozygous dominant phenotype.
15.
results in the exchange of alleles and
produces new combinations of alleles.
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
16. In what process do male and female reproductive
cells join during sexual reproduction?
a. segregation
c. self-pollination
b. fertilization
d. cross-pollination
17. The separation of alleles during gamete formation is
called
136
a. segregation.
c. meiosis.
b. true-breeding.
d. crossing-over.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 11
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
14.
Name
Class
Date
18. Organisms that have identical alleles for a particular
trait are
a. heterozygous.
c. diploid.
b. polygenic.
d. homozygous.
19. An organism that has an allele for brown eyes and an
allele for blue eyes is
a. true-breeding.
c. heterozygous.
b. homologous.
d. homozygous.
20. Genes that have more than two alleles have
a. crossing-over.
c. multiple alleles.
b. meiosis.
d. independent assortment.
21. Traits controlled by two or more genes are
a. haploid.
c. homologous.
b. polygenic traits.
d. multiple alleles.
22. The diagram below illustrates which type of
chromosomes that may cross over and exchange
portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
a. diploid
c. haploid
b. homozygous
d. homologous
2
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1
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
3
A
B
C
D
E
a
B b
c C
d D
E
e
A
a
b
c
d
e
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
c
d
e
a
b
C
D
E
a
b
c
d
e
23. What type of cell has two sets of chromosomes?
a. diploid
c. tetrad
b. haploid
d. gene
24. There are four chromatids in a
a. polygenic trait.
c. gamete.
b. tetrad.
d. genotype.
25. Which of the following shows the relative locations of
each known gene in an organism?
a. polygenic trait
c. Punnett square
b. gamete
d. gene map
Teaching Resources /Chapter 11
137
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, identify each kind of RNA.
Ribosome
Amino acid
Uracil
1.
2.
3.
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
matches each description.
4. transformation
5. bacteriophage
6. histone
7. replication
8. DNA polymerase
9. promoter
10. introns
11. codon
13. polyploidy
14. operon
15. differentiation
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences:
16. A(an)
is made up of three parts: a
deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
17. The principle of
states that hydrogen
bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA.
150
Teaching Resources /Chapter 12
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12. mutation
a. process in which one strain of bacteria changes
into another one
b. process in which DNA makes a copy of itself
c. protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic
chromosomes
d. virus that infects bacteria
e. signal in DNA that indicates to an enzyme
where to bind to make RNA
f. a change in the genetic material
g. sections of RNA molecules that are removed
before a eukaryotic gene becomes functional
h. a group of genes that operate together
i. three nucleotides that specify a single amino
acid to be added to a polypeptide
j. process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
k. the principal enzyme involved in DNA
replication
l. condition of having extra sets of chromosomes
Name
Class
Date
18. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly
packed together to form a substance called
.
19. During the process of
, RNA molecules
are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA
into a complementary sequence in RNA.
20. The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble
nucleotides into a strand of RNA is called
.
21. After introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining
pieces called
are spliced together.
22. The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is known as
.
23. The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to
one of the mRNA codons are called a(an)
.
24. When the lac repressor protein binds to the
, the lac operon is turned off.
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25. A series of genes, called the
, controls the
development of organs and tissues in various parts of an embryo.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 12
151
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. In
, only animals with desired
characteristics are allowed to produce the next generation.
2. Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both
organisms is called
.
3. The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics is
called
.
4. Biologists change the DNA code of a living organism through
.
5. A(An)
nucleotides.
cuts DNA at a specific sequence of
6. DNA fragments can be separated and analyzed by
.
7. DNA molecules that are produced by combining DNA from different
sources are called
.
8. A technique known as
many copies of a single gene.
is used to make
9. Inside the bacterium below is a small circular piece of DNA called
a(an)
.
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Bacterial
cell
10. A gene for antibiotic resistance may be used as a(an)
, making it possible to identify a
transformed cell.
11. A(An)
another species.
organism contains genes from
12. A(An)
is a member of a population of
genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 13
163
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
13. Combining the disease-resistance ability of one plant
with the food-producing capacity of another is an
example of
a. genetic engineering.
c. hybridization.
b. inbreeding.
d. gel electrophoresis.
14. The technique that helps to ensure that the characteristics
that make each breed unique will be preserved is called
a. genetic engineering.
c. hybridization.
b. inbreeding.
d. gel electrophoresis.
15. What will cut a DNA sequence only if it matches the
sequence precisely?
a. plasmid
c. polymerase chain reaction
b. genetic marker
d. restriction enzyme
16. A method used to compare the genomes of different
organisms or different individuals is called
a. hybridization.
c. cloning.
b. selective breeding.
d. gel electrophoresis.
17. A plasmid that contains a gene for human growth
hormone is an example of
a. recombinant DNA.
c. a polymerase chain.
b. a genetic marker.
d. hybridization.
18. During bacterial transformation, the foreign DNA is first
joined to a small circular molecule known as a
c. clone.
b. genetic marker.
d. restriction enzyme.
19. A tobacco plant that glows in the dark is an example of
a. a clone.
c. hybridization.
b. a transgenic organism. d. inbreeding.
20. Ian Wilmut created a sheep named Dolly using a process
called
164
a. hybridization.
c. cloning.
b. selective breeding.
d. inbreeding.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 13
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a. plasmid.
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 14 The Human Genome
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences with one
of the following terms:
autosomes
karyotype
pedigree
nondisjunction
sex chromosomes
1. A picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs is an example of a (an)
.
2. The X and Y chromosomes are called the
.
3. The 44 chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination are
the known as the
.
4. The chart below, showing how a trait is passed from one generation
to the next in a family, is called a (an)
.
Deaf Hearing
Male
Female
.
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
6. Genes located on X or Y chromosomes are called
a. sex organs.
c. a pedigree.
b. autosomes.
d. sex-linked.
7. One example of a sex-linked disorder is
a. sickle cell disease.
c. Down syndrome.
b. hemophilia.
d. Tay-Sachs disease.
8. Nondisjunction results in a(an)
176
a. inactivated chromosome.
c. normal number of genes.
b. abnormal number of chromosomes.
d. normal number of chromosomes.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 14
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5. Down syndrome is caused by
Name
Class
Date
9. What happens when nondisjunction occurs?
a. Chromosomes fail to separate.
b. Chromosomes separate normally.
c. Sections of chromosomes are deleted.
d. Sections of chromosomes become inverted.
10. How is DNA fingerprinting commonly used?
a. to convict criminals or overturn convictions
b. to sequence all human DNA
c. to rapidly sequence DNA with computers
d. to identify and locate human genes
11. DNA samples for human DNA fingerprinting can be obtained from
a. sperm.
c. hair with attached tissue.
b. blood.
d. all of the above.
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
12. What type of picture would a biologist look at to determine whether
a fetus has Down syndrome?
13. Why are the X and Y chromosomes called sex chromosomes?
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14. How many autosomes are found in a human diploid cell?
15. What type of chart would help a genetic counselor track the passage
of a trait through the generations of a family?
Teaching Resources /Chapter 14
177
Name
Class
Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the line provided, write the letter of the definition that best
matches each term on the left.
1. evolution
a. change over time
2. fossil
b. differences among individuals within a species
3. natural variation
c. preserved remains of an ancient organism
4. struggle for existence
d. survival of the fittest
5. fitness
e. all species are derived from common ancestors
6. adaptation
f. structures that develop from the same embryonic
tissues, but have different mature forms
7. natural selection
8. common descent
9. homologous structures
10. vestigial organ
g. ability of an individual to survive and reproduce
in a specific environment
h. organ with little or no function
i. competition for food, space, and other resources
among members of a species
j. inherited characteristic that increases an
organism’s chance of survival
Defining Terms On the lines provided, write a definition for each of the
following terms.
11. theory
12. artificial selection
14. descent with modification
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence.
15. Cows that give more milk than other cows are an
example of
a. natural variation.
c. survival of the fittest.
b. natural selection.
d. struggle for existence.
16. The practice of breeding dogs to produce offspring
with specific traits is an example of
188
a. natural variation.
c. common descent.
b. natural selection.
d. artificial selection.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 15
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13. survival of the fittest
Name
Class
Date
17. Natural selection is the same as
a. struggle for existence.
c. artificial selection.
b. survival of the fittest.
d. descent with modification.
18. The diagrams of the limbs below show evidence of
a. natural variation.
c. common descent.
b. natural selection.
d. artificial selection.
Turtle
Alligator
Bird
Mammals
19. The bones in the diagram above are examples of
a. homologous structures.
c. adaptation.
b. fitness.
d. struggle for existence.
20. A human’s appendix and a skink’s legs are examples of
a. vestigial organs.
c. natural selection.
b. fitness.
d. artificial selection.
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
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21. How did Darwin interpret the fossil record?
22. What conditions force organisms to compete in a struggle for existence?
23. How do successful adaptations improve an organism’s fitness?
24. What does descent with modification imply about the relationships among
the different species on Earth today?
Teaching Resources /Chapter 15
189
Name
Class
Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population
is called a(an)
.
2. The
of an allele is the number of times that the allele
occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles occur.
3. A(an)
is a trait controlled by a single gene.
are controlled by two or more genes.
4.
5. The
by a percentage.
of an allele in a population is often represented
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
Beak Size
Number of Birds
in Population
Peak shifts; average
beak size increases.
Beak Size
Percentage of Population
8. The graph below shows the distribution of human birth weights. What
type of selection keeps this curve narrow and in the same place?
a. directional selection
c. stabilizing selection
b. destabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection
Selection
against
both extremes
keeps curve
narrow and in
same place.
Key
Low mortality,
high fitness
High mortality,
low fitness
Birth Weight
200
Teaching Resources /Chapter 16
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Number of Birds
in Population
6. For most genes, a gene pool typically contains
a. no alleles.
c. one allele.
b. two or more alleles.
d. no more than two alleles.
7. The graphs below show changes in the distribution of beak size in Galápagos
finches during a period when food was scarce. What type of natural selection
do the graphs show?
a. directional selection
c. stabilizing selection
b. destabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Name
Class
Date
9. What type of natural selection takes place when
individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve
have higher fitness than individuals near the middle?
a. directional selection
c. stabilizing selection
b. destabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection
10. A random change in allele frequency is called
a. fitness.
c. speciation.
b. genetic drift.
d. the founder effect.
11. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in
a. large populations.
c. small populations.
b. medium-sized populations.
d. a single individual.
12. What occurs when allele frequencies change as a result of the
migration of a small subgroup of a population?
a. directional selection
c. speciation
b. the founder effect
d. genetic equilibrium
13. What principle states that the frequency of an allele in a population
will remain constant unless one or more factors cause that
frequency to change?
a. the speciation principle
c. the Hardy-Weinberg principle
b. the genetic equilibrium principle
d. the genetic-drift principle
14. The situation in which allele frequencies do not change is called
a. genetic equilibrium.
c. behavioral equilibrium.
b. stabilizing equilibrium.
d. directional selection.
15. Which of the following is required to maintain genetic equilibrium?
a. The population must be small.
b. No mutations occur.
c. Individuals move between populations.
d. Natural selection occurs.
16. What is the formation of a new species called?
a. directional selection
c. founder effect
b. speciation
d. temporal isolation
17. What situation occurs when members of two different species
cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring?
a. reproductive isolation
c. genetic drift
b. genetic equilibrium
d. natural selection
18. What kind of isolation occurs when two populations are capable of
interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals or other types of
behavior?
a. courtship isolation
c. geographic isolation
b. behavioral isolation
d. temporal isolation
19. Two populations kept separate by a river are characterized by
a. genetic drift.
c. geographic isolation.
b. disruptive selection.
d. temporal isolation.
20. What situation occurs when two or more species
reproduce at different times?
a. stabilizing selection
c. geographic isolation
b. behavioral isolation
d. temporal isolation
Teaching Resources /Chapter 16
201
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 17 The History of Life
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Across
2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary
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3. fossils used to compare the relative ages of fossils
7. theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living
communities formed by several prokaryotes
8. measures evolutionary time: geologic time
9. span of geologic time that is subdivided into periods
10. record that provides evidence about the history of life on Earth
11. disappearance of many species at the same time: mass
Down
1. tiny bubbles formed by large organic molecules
2. scientist who studies fossils
4. describes a species that no longer exists
5. method used to determine a fossil’s age by comparing its placement
with that of fossils in other layers of sedimentary rock. (2 words)
6. process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each
other over time
Teaching Resources /Chapter 17
213
Name
Class
Date
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
12. Paleontologists use a technique called
estimate a fossil’s age by comparing it to other fossils.
to
13. A(An)
is the length of time required for
half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
14. The use of half-lives to determine the age of a sample is a process
called
.
15. Microscopic fossils may also be called
.
16. Large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods
of time are referred to as
.
17. The process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble each
other is called
.
18. A species or small group of species evolves into many new species
during
.
19. The pattern of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of
more rapid change is known as
.
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
20. A species that is easily recognizable, existed for a
relatively short period of time, and covered a wide
geographic area may be used as a(an)
a. index fossil.
c. microfossil.
b. fossil record.
d. macrofossil.
21. When a paleontologist measures the amount of an
isotope present in a fossil, what dating technique is
being used?
c. relative dating
b. radioactive dating
d. geologic dating
22. We are currently living in the Cenozoic
a. era.
c. year.
b. period.
d. century.
23. What is(are) measured in eras and periods?
a. relative dates
c. Precambrian Time
b. fossil record
d. geologic time
24. Huge numbers of species disappear at once during
214
a. punctuated equilibrium.
c. coevolution.
b. mass extinctions.
d. adaptive radiation.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 17
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a. fossil dating
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 18 Classification
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. In the discipline known as
kind of organism a universally accepted name.
2. In
, biologists assign each
, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
3. In taxonomy, each level of classification is referred to as a(an)
.
4. The seven taxonomic categories in Linnaeus’s system of classification are:
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best completes the
sentence or answers the question.
5. The method of grouping organisms into categories
that represent lines of evolutionary descent is called
a. taxonomy.
c. binomial nomenclature.
b. cladistic analysis.
d. evolutionary classification.
6. Comparison of DNA to determine how long different species
have been evolving independently can be done using
a. cladograms.
c. kingdoms.
b. molecular clocks.
d. domains.
7. Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older
members are called
a. taxons.
c. cladograms.
b. derived characters.
d. genes.
8. What type of model is shown below?
a. binomial nomenclature
c. cladogram
b. molecular clock
d. domain
Barnacle
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Crab
Limpet
Molted
exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
226
Teaching Resources /Chapter 18
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Name
Class
Date
9. Which phylum includes humans, snakes, and sharks?
a. Ursidae
c. Mammalia
b. Carnivora
d. Chordata
10. The group of organisms that can be larger than a
kingdom is called a
a. domain.
c. phylum.
b. species.
d. class.
11. A prokaryote whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan
belongs to the domain
a. Eukarya.
c. Bacteria.
b. Protista.
d. Archaea.
12. Unicellular organisms sometimes found in hot springs
are part of the domain
a. Eubacteria.
c. Protista.
b. Archaea.
d. Eukarya.
13. The domain Eukarya includes the kingdom(s)
a. Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia.
c. Eubacteria.
b. Protista, Plantae, Bacteria.
d. Archaea, Bacteria.
14. The kingdom Protista contains
a. only single-celled organisms.
b. both single-celled and multi-celled organisms.
c. only multi-celled organisms.
d. neither single-celled nor multi-celled organisms.
15. Mushrooms belong to the kingdom
a. Protista.
c. Plantae.
b. Bacteria.
d. Fungi.
16. The kingdom Plantae contains primarily
a. photosynthetic autotrophs.
c. photosynthetic heterotrophs.
b. single-celled autotrophs.
d. protists.
17. The organisms found in the kingdom Animalia are
a. photosynthetic heterotrophs.
c. multicellular heterotrophs.
b. single-celled heterotrophs.
d. protists.
18. Into how many domains are organisms divided?
a. three
c. four
b. five
d. six
19. The unicellular prokaryotes that make up the domain
Bacteria are also classified in the kingdom
a. Archaebacteria.
c. Fungi.
b. Eubacteria.
d. Protista.
20. The prokaryotes that live in extreme environments are classifed
in the kingdom
a. Archaebacteria.
c. Fungi.
b. Eubacteria.
d. Protista.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 18
227
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below and on the following page to complete
the puzzle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
15
Across
4. the outer protein coat of a virus
5. particle of nucleic acid and protein that can reproduce only by
infecting living cells
6. organism that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules
7. an infectious particle made of protein rather than DNA or RNA
8. sphere-shaped bacterium
13. type of infection in which the host cell bursts and is destroyed
14. single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus
15. disease-causing agent
238
Teaching Resources /Chapter 19
Name
Class
Date
Down
1. rod-shaped bacterium
2. type of spore that can remain dormant until favorable conditions for
growth arise
3. type of infection in which a host cell makes copies of the virus
indefinitely
6. how bacteria exchange genetic material
9. compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
10. Bacteria may reproduce by
fission.
11. The process of converting nitrogen into a form that plants can use is
fixation.
12. a structure prokaryotes use to propel themselves
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
16. The larger of the two kingdoms of prokaryotes is the
.
17. The
may be the ancestors of eukaryotes.
18. A corkscrew-shaped bacterium is called a(an)
.
19. A whiplike structure used for movement is a(an)
.
20. A prokaryote that carries out photosynthesis is called a(an)
21. A(An)
compounds for nutrition.
.
is photosynthetic, but also requires organic
22. Organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
are called obligate
.
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23. Bacteria that are killed by oxygen are called obligate
.
24. Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen are known as
anaerobes.
25. Bacteria that attack and digest dead tissue are called
.
26. A typical
surrounded by a protein coat.
is composed of a core of DNA or RNA
27. A virus that infects bacteria is called a(an)
.
28. A virus that stores its genetic information as RNA is called a(an)
.
29. A(An)
30. Techniques of
action to destroy bacteria.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 19
can be used to cure many bacterial diseases.
rely on extreme temperatures or chemical
239
Name
Class
Chapter 20 Protists
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers each question.
1. What is the name of the type of organism that is not a plant, an animal, a
fungus, or a prokaryote?
a. protist
c. bacterium
b. phycobilin
d. spore
2. Extensions of cytoplasm for movement and feeding are called
a. cilia.
c. trichocysts.
b. pseudopods.
d. pellicles.
3. Amoeboid movement is a method of locomotion used by which of the
following protozoans?
a. Zooflagellates
c. Ciliates
b. Sarcodines
d. Sporozoans
A
252
Teaching Resources /Chapter 20
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4. All of the following play a role in the digestive process of a paramecium
EXCEPT the
a. vacuoles.
c. anal pore.
b. gullet.
d. trichocysts.
5. What structures do paramecia use for protection?
a. contractile vacuoles
c. filaments
b. pellicles
d. trichocysts
6. Of the two nuclei found in a ciliate, which one contains a “reserve copy” of
all the cell’s genes?
a. micronucleus
c. macronucleus
b. nucleolus
d. nuclear membrane
7. What process allows paramecia to exchange genetic material with other
paramecia?
a. asexual reproduction
c. alternation of generations
b. binary fission
d. conjugation
8. What is the function of structure A in the diagram of the paramecium
shown below?
a. temporarily stores food
b. collects, then pumps water out of the organism
c. releases spiny projections that protect the cell
d. used for feeding and movement
Name
Class
Date
9. What compounds do many algae have to help them absorb light at
different wavelengths?
a. lipids
c. accessory pigments
b. proteins
d. DNA and RNA
10. What structure in euglenophytes help them to detect light?
a. a pellicle
c. a flagellum
b. an eyespot
d. a micronucleus
11. What is the name of the membrane that covers a euglena?
a. a trichocyst
c. a stipe
b. a pellicle
d. a blade
12. What structures do sporophytes use in reproduction?
a. trichocysts
c. stipes
b. pellicles
d. spores
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
13. The small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the
ocean are called
.
14. The accessory pigments found in red algae that are especially good
at absorbing blue light are called
.
15. The freshwater alga Spirogyra forms long threadlike colonies called
.
16. The process in which many types of algae switch back and forth
between haploid and diploid stages during their life cycles is called
.
17. The gamete-producing haploid form of the green alga Ulva is known
as a(an)
.
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18. The diploid form of Ulva is known as a(an)
because it produces spores.
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the word that best matches
each description.
a.
b.
c.
d.
cellular slime mold
acellular slime mold
plasmodium
hyphae
e. zoosporangium
f. antheridium
g. oogonium
19. single structure of a slime mold with many nuclei
20. a spore case
21. has distinct cells during every phase of its life cycle
22. produces female nuclei in water molds
23. thin filaments produced by water molds
24. pass through a stage in which their cells fuse to
form large cells with many nuclei
25. produces male nuclei in water molds
Teaching Resources /Chapter 20
253
Name
Class
Chapter 21 Fungi
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that best
matches each term on the left.
1. hyphae
a. rootlike hypha that penetrates food surfaces
2. chitin
b. stemlike hypha that runs along food surfaces
3. mycelium
c. complex carbohydrate found in cell walls of fungi
4. sporangium
d. structure in which spores are produced
5. sporangiophore
e. thick mass of hyphae
6. gametangium
f. tiny spores formed at the tips of specialized
hyphae
7. rhizoid
8. stolon
9. zygospore
10. conidia
g. contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase
of the mold’s life cycle
h. specialized hypha that ends in a sporangium
i. tiny filaments that make up multicellular fungi
j. gamete-forming structure
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
11. What is the name of the reproductive structure in
ascomycetes that contains spores?
a. sporangium
c. conidium
b. ascus
d. basidium
13. In basidiomycetes, what is the reproductive structure
that resembles a club called?
a. a stolon
c. a basidium
b. a sporangiophore
d. an ascospore
14. What structure forms at the edge of a basidium?
a. a rhizoid
c. a basidiospore
b. a conidium
d. a gametangium
15. What is the name of the symbiotic association
between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism?
a. conidia
c. stolon
b. chitin
d. lichen
16. What is the association of a plant root and a fungus
called?
a. gametangium
c. sporangiophore
b. mycorrhiza
d. rhizoid
264
Teaching Resources /Chapter 21
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12. In ascomycetes, the eight cells produced after meiosis
and mitosis are known as
a. ascospores.
c. basidia.
b. conidium.
d. gametangia.
Name
Class
Date
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the different parts of the
diagram of the bread mold below.
20.
19.
17.
18.
17.
18.
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19.
20.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 21
265
Name
Class
Chapter 22 Plant Diversity
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that matches
each term.
1. gametophyte
2. sporophyte
3. rhizoids
4. vascular tissue
5. tracheid
6. xylem
7. phloem
8. root
9. leaf
10. vein
11. stem
12. rhizome
a. type of cell specialized to conduct water
b. underground stem
c. underground organ that absorbs water and
minerals
d. tissue specialized to conduct water and nutrients
e. photosynthetic organ that contains one or more
bundles of vascular tissue
f. tissue that carries water upward from the roots
to other parts of the plant
g. supporting structure that connects the roots and
leaves of a plant
h. tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and
carbohydrates in a plant
i. vascular tissue gathered in leaves
j. long thin cells that anchor mosses to the ground
k. diploid generation
l. haploid generation
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers the question or completes the sentence.
13. Bryophytes include
a. ferns.
c. trees.
b. horsetails.
d. mosses.
a. a bryophyte
c. a tracheid
b. a gymnosperm
d. an angiosperm
15. The plant shown below is classified as a(an)
278
a. bryophyte.
c. angiosperm.
b. gymnosperm.
d. endosperm.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 22
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14. What type of seed plant bears its seed directly on the
surface of cones?
Name
Class
Date
16. What is the seed-bearing structure of a gymnosperm
called?
a. a cone
c. a flower
b. a rhizoid
d. an embryo
17. What is the seed-bearing structure of an angiosperm
called?
a. a cone
c. a flower
b. a rhizoid
d. an embryo
18. In seed plants, where is the male gametophyte
contained?
a. in a pollen grain
c. in a cone
b. in a seed
d. in a fruit
19. What is the name of the process in which pollen is
carried to the female reproductive structure?
a. fertilization
c. reproduction
b. pollination
d. germination
20. The embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective
covering and surrounded by a food supply is called a
a. seed.
c. pollen grain.
b. gemmae.
d. fruit.
21. What is the early developmental stage of the
sporophyte plant called?
a. an endosperm
c. a monocot
b. a dicot
d. an embryo
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22. What surrounds and protects a plant embryo?
a. a sorus
c. a seed coat
b. a monocot
d. a lignin
23. What is the thick wall of tissue that surrounds a seed
called?
a. a fruit
c. a sporangia
b. a cotyledon
d. a protonema
24. An angiosperm that has one seed leaf in its embryo is
called a
a. monocot.
c. cotyledon.
b. dicot.
d. lignin.
25. Which type of angiosperm lives for more than two
years?
a. biennial
c. perennial
b. annual
d. terrestrial
Teaching Resources /Chapter 22
279
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. How do the cell walls of parenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, and
sclerenchyma cells differ?
2. Where does new growth in plants take place?
3. Where are apical meristems found?
4. In which different types of plants do taproots and fibrous roots tend
to be found?
5. Compare and contrast vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of a root as one of the
following: cortex, endodermis, root cap, root hairs, and vascular cylinder.
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Epidermis
8.
9.
7.
Phloem
Xylem
10.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Apical meristem
6.
292
Teaching Resources /Chapter 23
Name
Class
Date
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences:
11. Vessel elements, sieve tube elements, and companion cells are all
parts of
tissue.
12. Along a stem, leaves and buds are separated by regions of a stem
called
.
13. In a dicot stem, parenchyma cells inside the ring of vascular tissue
are known as the
.
14. A type of growth called
growth
increases the length of a stem, whereas
growth increases the width of a stem.
15. The older xylem near the center of a woody stem is called
.
16. The older xylem near the center of a woody stem is surrounded by a
lighter-colored part of the stem called
.
17. A part of a tree called
outside the vascular cambium.
includes all tissues
18. The blade of a plant is attached to the stem by a thin stalk called
a(an)
.
19. The bulk of most leaves is composed of a specialized ground tissue
known as
photosynthetic activity occurs.
, where nearly all
20. The layer of column-shaped, closely packed cells that absorbs most
of the light that enters a leaf is called the
.
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21. An opening on the underside of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide
and oxygen to diffuse in and out of a leaf is called a(an)
.
22. A(an)
controls the opening and closing
of stomata by responding to changes in water pressure.
23. The loss of water from a plant through its leaves is called
.
24. The tendency for water to rise in a thin tube is called
.
25. According to the
, materials move from a
source cell, where photosynthesis produces a high concentration of
sugars, to a sink cell, where sugars are lower in concentration.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 23
293
Name
Class
Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the names of the parts of the
flower as one of the following: anther, filament, petal, stigma, and style.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
5.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Matching On the line provided, write the letter of the definition that matches
each term.
6. pollen cone
a. produces pollen grains in angiosperms
7. seed cone
b. flower structure containing one or more ovules
8. ovule
c. male cone that produces male gametophytes
9. pollen tube
d. brightly colored part of a flower that attracts insects
10. sepal
11. petal
13. anther
14. carpel
15. ovary
f. male part of a flower consisting of an anther and a
filament
g. cone that produces female gametophytes
h. structure in which the female gametophyte develops
i. encloses the bud before it opens and protects the
developing flower
j. structure that grows from the pollen grain to the
female gametophyte
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the answer that best completes
the sentence.
16. The female gametophyte of a flowering plant is called
304
a. pollen.
c. the egg cell.
b. the ovule.
d. the embryo sac.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 24
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12. stamen
e. innermost floral part that produces the female
gametophyte
Name
Class
Date
17. As it grows, the seedling is nourished by
a. a seed cone.
c. an anther.
b. a seed coat.
d. endosperm.
18. The process in angiosperms that produces a zygote
and an endosperm is called
a. germination.
c. double fertilization.
b. pollination.
d. single fertilization.
19. An embryo is alive but not growing during
a. vegetative reproduction.
c. germination.
b. dormancy.
d. pollination.
20. The early stage of growth in which a seed absorbs
water, causing the seed coat to crack open is called
a. dormancy.
c. germination.
b. grafting.
d. dispersal.
21. When a corn seedling germinates, its cotyledon
a. emerges above ground.
c. remains underground.
b. protects its foliage leaves.
d. forms two foliage leaves.
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
22. A single plant can produce many offspring genetically identical to
itself in the process of
reproduction.
23. A long trailing stem called a(an)
produces roots when it touches the ground.
24. The process in which stems cut from a parent plant are attached to
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another plant is called
.
25. The process in which lateral buds cut from a parent plant are
attached to another plant is called
Teaching Resources /Chapter 24
.
305
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 25 Plant Responses and Adaptations
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. Describe a hormone.
2. What is a target cell?
3. How does a plant exhibit phototropism?
4. What substances found at the tip of a seedling regulate cell growth?
5. How does the stem of a plant exhibit gravitropism?
6. What is the function of a lateral bud?
7. What process inhibits the growth of a bud close to the stem’s tip?
8. How do herbicides affect plants?
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
9. Dormant seeds are stimulated to sprout by the effect of
.
10. An increase in the overall size of plants is caused by
.
11. Found in natural gas,
stimulates fruits to ripen.
.
13. The response of a plant to touch is called
.
14. Plants that flower when days are short are called
.
15. Plants that flower when days are long are called
.
16. A plant’s response to periods of light and darkness is called
.
17. The plant pigment responsible for a plant’s response to periods of
light and darkness is
.
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers each question.
18. Which of the following is not controlled by plant
hormones?
316
a. branching patterns
c. osmosis
b. response to environment
d. stem elongation
Teaching Resources /Chapter 25
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12. The responses of a plant to environmental stimuli are called
Name
Class
Date
19. A meristematic area on the side of a stem whose growth
is inhibited by apical dominance is called a(an)
a. target cell.
c. apical meristem.
b. abscission layer.
d. lateral bud.
20. An increase in the size of a fruit is stimulated by
a. gibberellins.
c. auxins.
b. ethylene.
d. cytokinins.
21. The period during which an organism’s growth and
activity stops is called
a. thigmotropism.
c. dormancy.
b. photoperiodism.
d. apical dominance.
22. The group of cells at the petiole that seals the leaf off
from the plant’s vascular system is the
a. abscission layer.
c. phytochrome.
b. target cells.
d. lateral bud.
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23. The desert plant shown below is also known as a(an)
a. epiphyte.
c. parasite.
b. xerophyte.
d. carnivorous plant.
24. A plant that grows directly on the body of other
plants but still produces its own food is a(an)
a. epiphyte.
c. parasite.
b. xerophyte.
d. carnivorous plant.
25. A plant that grows on other plants and harms the host
plant is a(an)
a. epiphyte.
c. parasite.
b. xerophyte.
d. carnivorous plant.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 25
317
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 26 Sponges and Cnidarians
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that matches
each term.
1. invertebrate
a. animal that has no backbone
b. characterized by body parts that repeat around
the center of a body
c. the concentration of nerve cells and sense
organs at the anterior end of the body
d. animal with a backbone
e. aquatic animal that strains tiny floating plants
and animals from the water around it
f. animal whose mouth is formed from a
blastopore
g. organism that lives and feeds on another
organism, harming it
h. body plan in which a single, imaginary line can
divide the body into two equal halves
i. animal whose anus is formed from a blastopore
2. vertebrate
3. filter feeder
4. parasite
5. protostome
6. deuterostome
7. radial symmetry
8. bilateral symmetry
9. cephalization
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, write the names of the structures
that correspond to the numbers in the diagram.
Deuterostome
Protostome
10.
11.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13.
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
14. The specialized cells of a sponge that produce its spike-shaped
are called
.
15. An immature stage of an organism that does not look like the adult
form is called a(an)
.
16. A group of archaeocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules is
called a(an)
17. Within each
cnidarian, is a(an)
stinging structure.
328
.
, or stinging cell, of a
, a poison-filled,
Teaching Resources /Chapter 26
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10.
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers each question.
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18. Which form of a cnidarian is shown in the illustration below?
a. polyp
c. medusa
b. archaeocyte
d. mesoglea
19. What is the inner lining of the gastrovascular cavity in a
cnidarian called?
a. the ectoderm
c. the mesoderm
b. the gastroderm
d. the mesoglea
20. What lies between the gastroderm and the epidermis?
a. the gastrovascular cavity
c. the cnidocyte
b. the mesoglea
d. the mesoderm
21. The digestive chamber of a cnidarian is called the
a. nematocyst.
c. gastroderm.
b. osculum.
d. gastrovascular cavity.
22. What grouping of nerve cells allows a cnidarian to detect the
touch of a foreign object?
a. statocysts
c. nerve nets
b. nematocysts
d. spicules
23. What is the name for a group of sensory cells that helps a
cnidarian determine the direction of gravity?
a. statocysts
c. a nerve net
b. blastulas
d. ocelli
24. What structure allows a cnidarian to detect the absence
or presence of light?
a. a statocyst
c. an ocellus
b. a nerve net
d. an osculum
25. What allows cnidarian polyps to expand, shrink, and move
their tentacles?
a. a hydrostatic skeleton
c. archaeocytes
b. choanocytes
d. internal fertilization
Teaching Resources /Chapter 26
329
Name
Class
Chapter 27 Worms and Mollusks
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
1. What is the name of the fluid-filled body cavity that is
lined with mesoderm?
a. digestive tract
c. coelom
b. nephridium
d. pharynx
2. Which of the following has a pharynx, flame cells,
and eyespots?
a.
c.
roundworm
flatworm
b.
d.
mollusk
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annelid
3. What is the term for groups of nerve cells in the head
region of a flatworm?
a. ganglia
c. seta
b. mantles
d. visceral mass
4. Which of the following is the reproductive process in
which an organism splits in two and each half grows
new parts to become a complete individual?
a. larva
c. scolex
b. fission
d. hermaphroditism
5. An eyespot detects changes in
a. sound.
c. temperature.
b. light.
d. water currents.
6. What is the term for one of the segments that make up
most of a tapeworm’s body?
a. a scolex
c. a proglottid
b. a testis
d. a cyst
7. What is the term for a body cavity that is only
partially lined with mesoderm?
a. a coelom
c. a cyst
b. a scolex
d. a pseudocoelom
8. What is the posterior opening of a roundworm called?
a. a testis
c. a septum
b. a gizzard
d. an anus
Teaching Resources /Chapter 27
341
Name
Class
Date
9. What is a bristle that is attached to a segment of an
annelid called?
a. a septum
c. a gill
b. a seta
d. a ganglion
10. What structures can be found in the digestive system
of an annelid?
a. a gullet and a crop
c. a crop and a gill
b. a crop and a gizzard
d. a gizzard and a gill
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
11. Describe how a flatworm uses its pharynx.
12. What are the characteristics of a hermaphrodite?
13. What is the function of an adult tapeworm’s scolex?
14. Where are the septa of an annelid found?
15. In what kind of circulatory system does blood never leave the blood vessels?
16. Describe the function of nephridia.
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17. What role does a clitellum have in reproduction in an annelid?
18. What is a trochophore?
19. What tongue-shaped structure do snails use to feed?
20. What tubelike structure enables an octopus to propel itself through water?
342
Teaching Resources /Chapter 27
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the description that best
matches each term on the left.
1. thorax
a. shedding of the exoskeleton
2. chitin
b. extracts waste from the blood
3. appendage
c. made of layered respiratory tissue
4. spiracle
d. body section behind the head
5. book lung
e. a leg or an antenna
6. Malpighian tubule
f. material in an exoskeleton
7. molting
g. small opening where air enters and
leaves the body of an arthropod
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the structures of a crayfish as
one of the following: abdomen, swimmeret, cheliped, mandible,
cephalothorax, and carapace.
9.
8.
8.
9.
10.
11.
13.
10.
12.
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13.
11.
12.
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
14. Horseshoe crabs respire through organs called
a. tracheal tubes.
c. book lungs.
b. book gills.
d. spiracles.
15. The mouthpart of a spider that contains a fang is
called a
a. spinneret.
c. chelicera.
b. pedipalp.
d. thorax.
16. What immature form of an insect looks very much
like an adult?
a. pupa
c. larva
b. nymph
d. egg
Teaching Resources /Chapter 28
355
Name
Class
Date
17. Animals that hatch into larvae that look and act
nothing like their parents go through a process called
a. complete metamorphosis.
c. adolescence.
b. incomplete metamorphosis.
d. puberty.
18. What chemicals do insects use to communicate?
a. nymphs
c. castes
b. chelicerae
d. pheromones
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
19. Most terrestrial arthropods breathe through a network of branching
.
20. Spiders have mouthparts called
adapted to grab prey.
that are
21. A group of closely related animals of the same species that work
together for the benefit of the whole group is called a(an)
.
22. A group of individuals that performs a particular task within a
society is called a(an)
.
23. The system of internal tubes found in echinoderms is called a(an)
.
24. A sievelike structure called a(an)
connects the water vascular system to the water outside the animal.
25. On an echinoderm, a(an)
that operates much like a living suction cup.
is a structure
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356
Teaching Resources /Chapter 28
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 29 Comparing Invertebrates
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, write a definition for each of the
following terms.
1. cephalization
2. intracellular digestion
3. extracellular digestion
4. open circulatory system
5. closed circulatory system
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best completes each sentence.
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
6. Invertebrates with mirror-image left and right sides have
a. bilateral symmetry.
c. unilateral symmetry.
b. bifunctional symmetry.
d. radial symmetry.
7. Invertebrates that have no coelom lack a
a. heart.
c. digestive tract.
b. body cavity.
d. mouth.
8. Blood stays within blood vessels in a(an)
a. open circulatory system.
c. nervous system.
b. respiratory system.
d. closed circulatory system.
9. The process of fertilization in which adults release
eggs and sperm into surrounding water is called
a. asexual reproduction.
c. internal fertilization.
b. asexual fertilization.
d. external fertilization.
10. The process in which eggs are fertilized inside the
body of a female animal is called
a. internal fertilization.
c. external fertilization.
b. asexual fertilization.
d. asexual reproduction.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 29
367
Name
Class
Date
Matching On the lines provided, write the name of the invertebrate group or
groups that exhibit the features described.
Cnidarian
Flatworms
Mollusks
Annelids
Arthropods
Echinoderms
11. radial symmetry
12. cephalization
13. true coelom
14. protostome development
Completing Tables In the spaces provided, fill in a description and give two
examples of animals with the different types of skeletons.
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
15.
16.
17.
Examples of
animals with
this type of
skeleton
18.
19.
20.
368
Teaching Resources /Chapter 29
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Description
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 30 Nonvertebrate Chordates, Fishes,
and Amphibians
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided in the diagram, write the names of
the structures of a fish’s brain.
1.
2.
3.
Completion On the lines provided, write the word that best completes each sentence.
4. An animal that has a hollow nerve chord, a notochord, pharyngeal
pouches, and a tail that extends beyond the anus is classified as a(an)
.
5. Most chordates have a(an)
they are embryos.
only when
.
7. The strong tissue that supports the body, but is softer and more
flexible than bone, is
.
8. In vertebrates, the spinal cord is enclosed and protected by individual
.
9. In the heart of most chordates, blood enters a chamber called the
.
10. The thick-walled, muscular chamber that is the actual pumping
portion of the heart is the
.
11. The portion of the brain that coordinates body movement is the
.
380
Teaching Resources /Chapter 30
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6. The paired structures found in the throat region of a chordate are the
Name
Class
Date
12. In most vertebrates, the part of the brain called the
controls voluntary activities.
13. The sensitive receptor in most fishes that detects gentle currents and
vibrations in the water is called the
.
14. In many bony fishes, the gas-filled organ that helps adjust their
buoyancy is called the
.
15. Fishes that lay eggs are called
.
16. Fishes that bear young that are born alive after developing in eggs
inside the mother’s body are said to be
.
17. Fishes in which embryos are nourished by their mother’s body as
they develop are called
.
18. In a frog, the structure at the end of the large intestine through which
wastes are expelled is called the
.
19. The surface of the eye of a frog is protected by a(an)
.
that are
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20. Amphibians hear through
located on each side of the head.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 30
381
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.
Across
1
2
1. organ in which food is stored and
moistened
3
3. dorsal part of a turtle’s shell
4
7. type of egg with a protected
environment in which the embryo
can develop without drying out
5
8. typical bird structure; helps birds fly
and keeps them warm
6
7
Down
2. ventral part of a turtle’s shell
4. where air first enters when a bird
inhales (two words)
8
9
5. animal that can generate its own
body heat
6. in a bird, the organ that helps in the
mechanical breakdown of food
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9. animal that relies on interactions with
the environment to control body
temperature
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter that best completes
the sentence or answers the question.
10. A turtle is an example of a(an)
a. endotherm.
c. amphibian.
b. ectotherm.
d. mammal.
11. What does an ectotherm use to warm up?
a. down feathers
c. the sun
b. contour feathers
d. fur
12. One of the most important adaptations to life on land is the
a. ability to fly.
c. ability to hunt.
b. crop.
d. amniotic egg.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 31
391
Name
Class
Date
13. Which of the following animals does NOT produce an
amniotic egg?
a. turtle
b. snake
c. frog
d. tuatara
14. Which of the following animals has a carapace?
a.
c.
b.
d.
15. Which of the following animals has a plastron?
a. tortoise
b. bird
c. tuatara
d. snake
16. Which single important characteristic separates birds
from reptiles?
a. feather
b. brain
c. beak
d. claw
17. Which structure helps keep birds warm?
a. wings
b. feathers
c. scales
d. air sacs
18. Which of the following animals has a crop?
a. bird
b. turtle
c. tuatara
d. snake
19. What structure in a bird contains small bits of gravel?
c. plastron
b. amniotic egg
d. gizzard
20. The structures that allow for the one-way airflow
through a bird’s respiratory system are
a. beaks.
392
b. gizzards.
c. crops.
d. air sacs.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 31
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a. air sac
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 32 Mammals
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition that matches
each term on the left.
1. mammary glands
a. a layer of fat located under the skin
2. subcutaneous fat
b. small, nocturnal primate with large eyes
3. rumen
c. center of thinking and complex behavior
4. diaphragm
d. able to coil tightly around an object
5. cerebral cortex
e. produce milk to nourish young
6. binocular vision
f. one stomach chamber of a grazing mammal
7. prosimian
g. muscle that expands the chest cavity
8. prehensile
h. ability to merge visual images from both eyes
9. hominid
i. upright, two-footed motion
10. bipedal locomotion
j. primate that walks upright, has opposable
thumbs, and has a large brain
Completion On the lines provided, write the word that best completes the
sentence.
11. Egg-laying mammals are called
.
12. Kangaroos, koalas, and wombats are examples of
.
13. The structure that allows for internal development of the young is
called the
.
14. Members of the primate group that includes monkeys, apes and
humans are called
thumb enables humans to grasp
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers the question.
16. Which of the following animals does NOT have
subcutaneous fat?
404
a.
c.
b.
d.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 32
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
15. A(an)
objects.
.
Name
Class
Date
17. Which of these muscles pulls the bottom of the chest
cavity downward?
a. heart
c. kidneys
b. lungs
d. diaphragm
18. Bush babies, lemurs, and tarsiers are
a. prosimians.
c. marsupials.
b. anthropoids.
d. monotremes.
19. Which of the following animals has a prehensile tail?
a.
c.
b.
d.
20. Apes are examples of
c. prosimians.
b. Old World monkeys.
d. hominids.
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a. hominoids.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 32
405
Name
Class
Chapter 33 Comparing Chordates
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, define each of the following terms.
1. notochord
2. adaptive radiation
3. ectotherm
4. endotherm
5. alveolus
6. single-loop circulatory system
7. double-loop circulatory system
Identifying Diagrams On the line provided, identify each animal as an
ectotherm or endotherm.
9.
10.
11.
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8.
12.
416
Teaching Resources /Chapter 33
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter that best completes
the sentence or answers the question.
13. Scientists now consider Pikaia the first chordate
because it
a. was an ectotherm.
c. had adaptive radiation.
b. was an endotherm.
d. had a notochord.
14. An adaptive radiation often follows
a. the appearance of new adaptations.
c. phylogenetic relationships.
b. convergent evolution.
d. diversification.
15. On a chilly day, a snake moves from the shade to a sunny rock. This behavior
is characteristic of a(an)
a. ectotherm.
c. chordate.
b. endotherm.
d. vertebrate.
16. Which term describes an animal that pants and sweats to help regulate its
internal temperature?
a. ectotherm
c. chordate
b. endotherm
d. vertebrate
17. Which organisms have relatively high metabolic rates?
a. all animals
c. all vertebrates
b. endotherms
d. ectotherms
18. Which animals have alveoli?
a. fish
c. mammals
b. amphibians
d. all chordates
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19. The circulatory systems of gilled vertebrates have
a. a single loop.
c. a single chamber.
b. a double loop.
d. three chambers.
20. The vertebrate brain is
a. a mass of nerve cells.
b. complex with distinct regions.
c. not specialized for complex behavior.
d. located at the posterior end of the spinal cord.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 33
417
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 34 Animal Behavior
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crosswood Puzzle
Use the clues below and on the following page to complete the puzzle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
13
14
Across
1. the process in which a young animal learns to recognize and
follow the first moving object it sees
3. the alteration of behavior as a result of experience
5. occurs when an animal learns to ignore a nonthreatening or
unrewarding stimulus
6. any kind of signal that carries information and can be detected
8. a single, specific reaction to a stimulus
11. type of conditioning studied by Pavlov
12. a specific area that is occupied and protected by an animal or group
of animals
Teaching Resources /Chapter 34
427
Name
Class
Date
13. the passing of information from one organism to another
14. type of learning that occurs when an animal applies something it has
already learned to a new situation
Down
1. type of behavior that is also called instinct or inborn behavior
2. the way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or
external environment
4. system of communication that carries complex messages
7. type of conditioning that is also called trial-and-error learning
9. seasonal movement from one area to another and then back again
10. behavioral cycle that occurs in daily patterns: a circadian
.
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers the question or completes the sentence.
15. Pavlov’s experiment, in which dogs learned to
associate a ringing bell with food, is an example of
a. classical conditioning.
c. habituation.
b. operant conditioning.
d. insight learning.
16. Sleeping at night and going to school during the day
is an example of
a. a courtship.
c. habituation.
b. a circadian rhythm.
d. a migration.
17. An individual sends out stimuli in order to attract a
member of the opposite sex during
a. habituation.
c. courtship.
b. migration.
d. aggression.
19. When an animal uses threatening behavior to gain
control over another animal, it is showing
a. imprinting.
c. aggression.
b. conditioning.
d. migration.
20. The kind of communication exhibited only by
humans is
a. chemical signals.
c. visual cues.
b. sound signals.
d. language.
428
Teaching Resources /Chapter 34
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
18. The area that contains the resources an animal needs
to survive is called a
a. territory.
c. society.
b. hunting ground.
d. mating space.
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 35 Nervous System
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The four basic types of tissue are
,
,
, and
.
2. The process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively
constant despite changes in their external environments is called
.
3. The process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes
the original stimulus is called
.
4. Short, branched extensions that carry impulses toward the nerve cell
body are called
.
5. The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a
resting neuron is called
.
6. The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a
neuron is called the
.
7. The place where chemicals pass signals from one neuron to the next
is called a(an)
.
8. The brain and spinal cord are wrapped in three layers of tissue
known as
, between which and the
nervous tissue is a space filled with
.
9. The sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, and effector
involved in a reflex form a(an)
.
called
.
11. Light enters the eye through a small opening in the middle of the iris
called the
.
12. The two types of photoreceptors arranged in a layer in the retina are
and
.
13. Drugs known as
increase the action of
the nervous system, whereas drugs known as
decrease the action of the nervous system.
14. A(An)
on a drug.
is an uncontrollable dependence
15. A group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an
unborn child is called
442
.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 35
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10. Neurons that react directly to stimuli from the environment are
Name
Class
Date
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the areas of the brain.
16.
21.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
17.
19.
20.
21.
18.
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes each sentence or answers the question.
22. A cell that carries messages through the nervous
system is called a
a. rod.
c. cone.
b. dendrite.
d. neuron.
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23. A quick, automatic response to a stimulus is a
a. reflex.
c. reflex arc.
b. stimulant.
d. neuron.
24. What part of your eye uses small muscles to change
its shape so that you can focus on near or distant
objects?
a. retina
c. cornea
b. lens
d. pupil
25. The cochlea and semicircular canals can be found in
the
a. inner ears.
c. taste buds.
b. eyes.
d. sensory receptors.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 35
443
Name
Class
Chapter 36 Skeletal, Muscular, and
Integumentary Systems
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, write a definition for each of the
following terms.
1. periosteum
2. ligament
3. myosin
4. actin
5. tendon
6. epidermis
7. melanin
8. dermis
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
9. What are hair follicles?
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10. What is ossification?
Matching. On the line provided, write the letter of the term that correctly
matches the description.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
bone marrow
acetylecholine
joint
neuromuscular junction
keratin
cartilage
11. Soft tissue contained in bone cavities
12. The place where two bones come together
454
Teaching Resources /Chapter 36
Name
Class
Date
13. Connective tissue that is extremely flexible and
does not contain blood vessels
14. The point of contact between a motor neuron and
skeletal muscle cell
15. Neurotransmitter released by motor neurons
16. A tough, fibrous protein in skin
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, write the names of the bone
structures that correspond to the numbers in the diagram.
17.
18.
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20.
19.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 36
455
Name
Class
Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The heart pumps blood into two pathways, called
circulation and
circulation.
2. The three basic types of blood vessels are
,
, and
.
3. The disorder of the circulatory system that results from fatty deposits
building up within the walls of arteries is called
.
4. The straw-colored fluid that makes up 55 percent of human blood is
called
.
5. The iron-containing protein that is found in red blood cells and
carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body is called
.
6. White blood cells that “eat” and digest foreign cells are called
.
7. The fluid collected by the lymphatic system is called
8. The windpipe is also called the
.
.
9. The vocal chords are a part of the
.
10. Each lung is connected to the trachea by a(an)
11. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs in tiny sacs called
12. The loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs is called
.
.
.
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Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of the heart that
correspond to the numbers in the diagram.
to body
15.
from upper
body
13.
16.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
14.
466
17.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 37
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers the question or completes the sentence.
18. What structure serves as a passageway for both air
and food?
a. pharynx
c. larynx
b. trachea
d. bronchi
19. The largest layer of the walls of the heart is the
a. pericardium.
c. atrium.
b. myocardium.
d. ventricle.
20. What prevents blood from flowing backward in blood
vessels?
a. valves
c. veins
b. capillaries
d. pumps
21. What is another name for the sinoatrial node?
a. pacesetter
c. pacemaker
b. aorta
d. atherosclerosis
22. Blood clotting is made possible by the action of cell
fragments called
a. hemoglobin.
c. red blood cells.
b. phagocytes.
d. platelets.
23. Inside the chest, each bronchus divides into smaller
and smaller passageways known as
a. bronchi.
c. emphysema.
b. bronchioles.
d. atherosclerosis.
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24. The large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity
is called the
a. diaphragm.
c. bronchus.
b. pharynx.
d. lung.
25. The stimulant drug found in tobacco is called
a. tar.
c. nicotine.
b. hemoglobin.
d. carbon monoxide.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 37
467
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 38 Digestive and Excretory Systems
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Matching On the line provided, write the letter of the description that matches
each term or structure.
1. Calorie
a. hole in the stomach wall caused by bacteria
2. proteins
b. functional unit of the kidney
3. vitamins
c. mixture of partly digested food and stomach fluids
4. amylase
5. peristalsis
d. section of a nephron that conserves water and
minimizes the volume of urine
6. peptic ulcer
e. enzyme contained in saliva
7. chyme
f. organic molecules that are needed by the body to help
regulate body processes
8. nephron
9. Bowman’s capsule
10. loop of Henle
g. unit equal to 1000 calories of heat energy, or 1
kilocalorie
h. contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus
into the stomach
i. cup-shaped structure found in the upper end of a
nephron
j. nutrients that provide the body with the building
materials it needs for growth and repair
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of the digestive system that correspond with
the numbers in the diagram.
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11.
12.
11.
13.
14.
12.
15.
13.
16.
14.
15.
16.
478
Teaching Resources /Chapter 38
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
completes the sentence or answers the question.
17. Sugars and starches are the two kinds of
a. fats.
c. carbohydrates.
b. proteins.
d. minerals.
18. What nutrients are made up of fatty acids and glycerol?
a. carbohydrates
c. fats
b. proteins
d. minerals
19. Inorganic nutrients that the body usually needs in
small amounts are called
a. minerals.
c. vitamins.
b. proteins.
d. fats.
20. The small intestine is covered with projections called
a. villi.
c. chyme.
b. nephrons.
d. peristalsis.
21. The main organs of the excretory system are the
a. lungs.
c. small intestines.
b. kidneys.
d. large intestines.
22. Each kidney is connected to the urinary bladder by a(an)
a. urethra.
c. villus.
b. renal artery.
d. ureter.
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23. The saclike organ where liquid wastes are stored
before excretion is the
a. urethra.
c. ureter.
b. urinary bladder.
d. loop of Henle.
24. As blood enters a nephron, it flows through a network of capillaries known as a
a. loop of Henle.
c. villus.
b. Bowman’s capsule. d. glomerulus.
25. The process by which the kidneys remove water, urea, glucose,
salts and amino acids from the blood is called
a. excretion.
c. filtration.
b. reabsorption.
d. absorption.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 38
479
Name
Class
Chapter 39 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Defining Terms On the lines provided, define each of the following terms.
1. endocrine gland
2. prostaglandin
3. pituitary gland
4. diabetes mellitus
5. puberty
6. placenta
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
7. Explain the relationship between hormones and target cells.
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8. Explain how a male produces and releases sperm. Use the terms
testes, scrotum, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra,
and penis in your explanation.
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the following diagram.
9.
9.
11.
10.
11.
10.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 39
493
Name
Class
Date
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best
answers the question or completes the sentence.
12. Organs that release their secretions through ducts are
called
a. endocrine glands.
c. corpus Luteum.
b. exocrine glands.
d. testes.
13. Clusters of cells surrounding a single egg are called
a. target cells.
c. vas deferens.
b. fallopian tubes.
d. follicles.
14. What process occurs when an egg is released from the ovary?
a. implantation
c. gastrulation
b. menstruation
d. ovulation
15. When a ruptured follicle turns yellow it becomes
known as the
a. prostaglandin.
c. corpus luteum.
b. vas deferens.
d. epididymis.
16. In the menstrual cycle, the last phase is called
a. ovulation.
c. gastrulation.
b. implantation.
d. menstruation.
17. A fertilized egg is called a
a. zygote.
b. fetus.
c. follicle.
d. placenta.
18. What occurs when the blastocyst attaches itself to the
wall of the uterus?
a. fertilization
c. gastrulation
b. implantation
d. menstruation
20. After eight weeks of development, the embryo is called a(an)
a. fetus.
c. blastocyst.
b. zygote.
d. ovary.
494
Teaching Resources /Chapter 39
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19. What process forms the three cell layers known as the
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
a. gastrulation
c. implantation
b. menstruation
d. ovulation
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below and on the following page to complete
the puzzle.
1
3
2
4
5
7
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
17
Across
3. injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce
immunity
5. Koch’s rules
8. mass of cells growing out of control
9. immune disorder characterized by the production of histamines
10. another word for microorganism
12. drug that fights bacterial infections
13. chemical produced by mast cells that causes sneezing and watery eyes
14. higher-than-normal body temperature
16. process of fighting infection through the production of immune
system cells
17. type of immunity that results from a woman passing antibodies to
her fetus
Teaching Resources /Chapter 40
507
Name
Class
Date
Down
1. protein that recognizes and binds to antigens
2. type of pathogen that causes anthrax and diphtheria
4. animal that carries pathogens from person to person
6. substance that triggers the immune response
7. any change, other than injury, that disrupts the normal functions of
the body
9. type of immunity that results from vaccination
11. agents that cause disease
12. chronic respiratory disease that may be triggered by allergies
15. type of factor that increases the chance of disease or injury
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
18. A nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or
infection is called
.
19. To block viral replication, cells infected with a virus produce
.
20. A series of specific defenses that attack a particular disease-causing
agent are called
.
21. Immunity against pathogens in the body fluids is called
immunity.
22. Cancerous cells that can invade and destroy surrounding healthy
tissue are
.
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508
Teaching Resources /Chapter 40