The Aluminum Advantage
g
Architect:
Sotolongo
Architect: Marnell Corrao Associates
and the Worth Group
From single-family residential to monumental construction
… and everything in between
1
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is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on
completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for
p
for non-AIA members
AIA members. Certificates of Completion
are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement
by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or
manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any
material or product. Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of
this presentation.
2
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This presentation is protected by U.S. and International
copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of
the presentation without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© American Architectural Manufacturers Association 2008
3
Learning Objectives
• Demonstrate the versatilityy of aluminum in
fenestration applications
• Share informative facts about aluminum,
particularly
ti l l itits ““green”” characteristics
h
t i ti
• Convey the strengths of aluminum in the
selection of fenestration products
• Clearly show why aluminum offers design and
performance advantages
4
William McDonough
g
Award-winning architect and designer
“I believe we can accomplish great and profitable
things within a new conceptual framework—one
that values our legacy, honors diversity, and feeds
ecosystems and societies . . . It is time for designs
that are creative, abundant, prosperous and
intelligent from the start.”
5
Case Study
y
QS/1 Data Systems – Spartanburg, SC
• Silver LEED®
certification
• Six stories
• 115,000 square feet
of aluminum framing
• First
Fi t commercial,
i l new
construction high-rise
to be LEED certified
in South Carolina
Architect: McMillan Smith & Partners
www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/etc/medi
alib/jci/be/case_studies.Par.78393.File.tmp/
CSST-X05-016.pdf
6
Case Study
y (cont’d)
(
)
QS/1 Data Systems – Spartanburg, SC
Green Features
• High-performance window glazing system
• High-efficiency
Hi h ffi i
lilighting
hti and
d plumbing
l bi systems
t
• Energy-efficient HVAC system
www.allbusiness.com/construction/constructionbuildings/598467-1.html
www johnsoncontrols com/publish/etc/medialib/jci/be/case studies Par 78393 File tmp/CSSTwww.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/etc/medialib/jci/be/case_studies.Par.78393.File.tmp/CSSTX05-016.pdf
7
The Aluminum Advantage
Architect: Goodwin, Mills & Cawood, Inc.
8
Aluminum Sources
Aluminum,, which is made from bauxite,, is the most
abundant metal in the Earth’s crust
www.enotes.com/earth-science/aluminum
Aluminum is highly recyclable
recyclable.
• 65% of all the aluminum ever produced is still in use
• Recycled aluminum uses only 5% of the energy
required to produce primary aluminum
• Aluminum can be recycled over and over with no loss
of physical properties
Voreis, Richard D. “Meeting the call for ‘sustainable’ design.”
Glass Magazine October 2004. www.glassmagazine.net/articles.php?id=178
9
Aluminum’s
Aluminum
s Benefits
Aluminum is excellent in both residential and
commercial applications
Structural Integrity
g y
• Designed to last
• Low maintenance
D i Flexibility
Design
Fl ibilit
• Natural daylighting
• Shading
components
• Color
Blast and Impact
p
Resistance
Thermal Performance
Environmentally
Friendly
• Excellent green
material
t i l
• Easily recyclable
Excellent value
10
Aluminum Advantage
St t l Integrity
Structural
I t it
Tomball Regional Medical Center – TX
Long-term durability
• Aluminum is popular in
hospitals hotels and
hospitals,
other high-traffic
facilities
• Structural integrity for
extremely long life
• Energy efficient
Architect: Page Southerland Page
11
Structural Integrity
g y
100 United Nations Plaza Tower – New York, NY
• 52 floors
• Completed in 1986
• Height 557 feet (170 meters)
www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=100unitednationsplazato
wer-newyorkcity-ny-usa
Architect: Der Scutt Architects; Schuman,
Lichtenstein, Claman & Efron
12
Structural Integrity
g y
Granite Park III – Plano, TX
Structural
St
t l Capabilities
C
biliti
• Aluminum framing can hold
the weight of heavy glass
spans
• Maximizing glass surfaces
allows for natural daylighting
• Energy-efficient thermal
barriers contribute to
comfortable environments
Architect: BOKA Powell Architects
13
Structural Integrity
George Bush International Airport
• Ultra-strong
g aluminum
framing supports large glass
spans
– Heavy (laminated) glass
packages can provide
increased acoustical properties
• St
Strength-to-weight
th t
i ht ratio
ti off
aluminum handles this
weight with ease
• Designed to last many years
• Very low maintenance
Architects: Pierce Goodwin Alexander & Linville
14
Structural Integrity
g y
Gaylord Texan™ Resort & Convention Center – Grapevine, TX
• More than four acres
of “a lush climatecontrolled
t ll d setting
tti
under glass”
• 1,511 guestrooms
• 127 luxurious suites
http://www.gaylordhotels.com/gaylordtexan/
http://www.gaylordhotels.com/gaylordtexan/tour/brochure.cfm
Architects: Hnedak Bobo Group
15
Impact
pact Resistance
es sta ce
• Growing
g list of states mandate impact-resistant
p
products in wind-borne debris regions
• Can be designed to meet testing standards
outlined
tli d b
by ASTM IInternational
t
ti
l and
d Mi
Miami-Dade
iD d
County Protocols
• The strength of aluminum framing members
make this material a viable choice for impactresistant products.
16
Impact
p
Resistance
Hurricane Wilma – October 24, 2005
17
Impact
p
Resistance
Testing – Missile Impact: ASTM E 1886, ASTM E 1996
18
Blast Resistance
Products
19
Blast Resistance
• Aluminum has a high
g yyield strength
g for blast
loads
• Aluminum yield strength tested to 40,000 psi
without steel reinforcement
Source: http://www.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA6061T6
• Blast loads require fenestration material to bend
and not break to absorb energy
• Easily accomplished with aluminum extrusions
20
Blast Resistance
Testing Standards
• AAMA 510
510-06,
06 Voluntary Guide Specification
for Blast Hazard Mitigation for Fenestration
y
Systems
• ASTM F 1642-04, Standard Test Method for
Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to
Airblast Loadings
• GSA-TS01-2003, U.S. General Services
Ad i i t ti St
Administration
Standard
d dT
Testt M
Method
th d ffor
Glazing and Window Systems Subject to
y
Overpressure
p
Loadings
g
Dynamic
21
Design Flexibility
“In the Industrial Age,
g yyou started with a clean
sheet. Literally.
'Back to the drawing board' means to start all over
again. Start and finish.
Past, present and future.
Re-invent the wheel.
Redraw redraw and redraw
Redraw,
redraw.
Finish and start again.”
— Design Probe
www.designprobe.com/architecture/clip-art.html
22
Design
g Flexibility
y
The Metropolis – Midtown Atlanta, GA
• Luxury
y high-rise
g
condo
development nicknamed
“city of glass”
http://atlanta.about.com/od/bestofatlanta/tp/condoslofts.htm
• Two, 21-story towers,
connected by a 6-story unit
• One
O tower
t
contains
t i 249
condominiums (65% were
sold in seven weeks)
• Second tower contains 249
apartment units
Architects:
A
hit t S
Smallwood,
ll
d R
Reynolds,
ld
Stewart & Stewart
www.emporis.com/en/bu/nc/ne/?id=100692
23
Design Flexibility
N t lD
Natural
Daylighting
li hti
Glebe Elementary School – Arlington, VA
• Unique architecture
enhances the learning
experience
• Natural daylighting creates
a positive learning
environment for students
Architect: Beery/Rio Architecture +
Interiors
24
Design
g Flexibility
y
The Rice School/La Escuela Rice – Houston, TX
• K-8th g
grade school
• A magnet for technology
and Spanish
http://thericeschool org/about html
http://thericeschool.org/about.html
• School features a unique
design that capitalizes on
natural daylighting, which
has been shown to improve
g in other education
learning
facilities
www.pge.com/003_save_energy/003c_edu_train/pec/d
aylight.shtml
Architect: Taft Architects with
Spencer Herloz Architects
25
Design Flexibility
Sh di C
Shading
Components
t
Thermal Shade Rendering
• Design flexibility
• Recycling of material
• Building integrated
Photovoltaics
• Improved thermal
characteristics
26
Aluminum Advantage
D i Fl
Design
Flexibility
ibilit
Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt – Nashville, TN
• Built in 2004
• 8 floors
• 617,000
617 000 square
feet
• More than
200,000 pediatric
visits annually
www.vanderbiltchildrens.com/interi
www
vanderbiltchildrens com/interi
or. php?mid=13
Architect: Earl Swennson Associates
27
Design
g Flexibility
y
Historic Renovations
Architect: Hartman-Cox
Architect: Ben Marshall
28
Design
g Flexibility
y
Color
29
Design
g Flexibility
y
Color - Painted Finishes (Liquid or Powder)
Aesthetic appearance
• Almost unlimited color
availability
Protection from the environment
• AAMA 2603
– Pigmented Organic Coatings
• AAMA 2604
– High-Performance Organic
Coatings
• AAMA 2605
– Superior Performing Organic
Coatings
This product displays
dual finish coatings
30
Design
g Flexibility
y
Color - Anodized Finishes
Aesthetic appearance
• Clear finish
• Medium,, light
g and dark bronze finishes
• Champagne finish
• Black finish
Protection from the environment
• AAMA 611
– Class I High Performance
– Class II Commercial Performance
• AAMA 612
– Combined coatings
31
Design Flexibility
C l
Color
Connoquenessing Valley Elementary School, PA
Architect: Burt Hill
32
Design Flexibility
C l
Color
Findlay Market
• Notice how the
windows match
perfectly with all
of the building
trim components
• Color—a real
advantage of
aluminum
Architect: Williams,
Williams Adams
and Company
33
Thermal Performance
34
Thermal Performance
Thermal barriers separate cold and warm
environments
Frost-free at
72ºF (22°C)
thermal
barrier
frost forms
dry ice at -148ºF
(-100°C)
35
Thermal Performance
Evolution of Aluminum Fenestration
Intended only as an example to show the relatively improved
performance resulting from each innovation
36
Thermal performance
p
Empire State Building – New York, NY
•
•
•
•
•
•
Completed
p
in 1931
102 floors
1,250 feet tall
Steel-framed windows
Single-glazed
World’s
’ tallest building until
1972
– North tower,, One World Trade
Center
www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=114095
www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1worldtradecenternewyorkcity-ny-usa
37
Thermal Performance
Empire State Building – New York, NY
Building illustrates aluminum’s
aluminum s multiple
benefits:
• 1994: Replaced 5,460 windows in the
hi t i building
historic
b ildi (Ph
(Phase 1)
• Original steel windows deteriorated,
allowing for air infiltration, water leakage
and frosting
• New windows represented 210,000
square feet or 30% of the exterior
• Chemical analysis allowed matching of
original paint color to satisfy the
Architect: Gregory Johnson Landmarks Preservation Commission
of architectural firm Shreve,
Lamb and Harmon
38
Thermal Performance
Empire State Building – New York, NY
• Th
The new windows
i d
contribute to 16%
annual energy
gy
savings
• Conservative
energy cost savings
of $948k in 1994
• Energy savings
equate
t to
t over $1.8
$1 8
million in today’s
dollars
39
Sustainabilityy
Building “Green” with Aluminum
• Aluminum - a “green”
g
building material
• Easily recyclable
• Requires only 5% of
the energy required to
produce primary
aluminum
40
Sustainability
Environmentally Friendly
Advantages of
Recycling Aluminum
• High scrap value
encourages its recycling
• Aluminum recycling
industry has tripled
• Recycling prevents
disposal to landfills
www.world-aluminium.org/Sustainability/Recycling
41
Susta ab ty
Sustainability
Bren School of Environmental Science & Management
Santa Barbara, CA
Model of “Green” Practices
• Platinum LEED®
certification
• Design includes solar
photovoltaic system,
natural ventilation and
daylight and energy
efficient lamps
• Exceeds energy efficiency
standards
Architect: Zimmer Gunsul Frasca
Partnership, Los Angeles
42
Susta ab ty
Sustainability
The Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center
Muskegon, MI
Designers: Lev Kaganovich, principal at
Mechanical Design Studio Inc.
and Ken Skinner, project manager for
Workstage
Building “Green”
• Gold LEED® certification
• Hosts a carbonate fuel cell,
photovoltaic solar panels, a
micro turbine and a nickel
metal hydride battery
energy storage system
p y
• Includes polyurethane
poured and debridged
thermal barrier aluminum
do s
windows
www.gvsu.edu/MAREC
43
Sustainability
Green Credentials
Capitol Area East End Complex – Sacramento, CA
• “Greenest” building
developed by CA
• Non-reflective,
N
fl ti
hi
highh
performance
aluminum curtain wall
maximizes sunlight,
conserves energy
and provides visual
transparency
Master Architects: Johnson Fain
Partners and Gordon H. Chang
Partners
44
The Aluminum Advantage
Let’s review!
45
Aluminum Advantage
Structural Integrity
Ritz Carlton – New York, NY
• E
Excellent
ll t strength-tot
th t
weight ratio
• Superior structural
strength
– Wind load
– Dead load
• Accommodates large
openings
– Non
Non-residential
residential products
– Residential products
Architect: Gary Edward Handel
and Associates
46
Aluminum Advantage
D i Fl
Design
Flexibility
ibilit
Henderson City Hall – Henderson, NV
• Natural Daylighting
– Offices arranged around
central exterior courtyard
– Easy occupant access to
fresh air and sunlight to
boost productivity and job
satisfaction
• Shading Component
www.library.unlv.edu/arch/buildings/hendersoncityh
all.html
Architect: HCA Architects and RAFI
47
Aluminum Advantage
g
Design Flexibility
Al i
Aluminum
allows
ll
use off shapes
h
Hi t i R
Historic
Renovations
ti
Architect: McLees, Boggs, Selby
Architect: Hartman-Cox
48
Aluminum Advantage
D i Fl
Design
Flexibility
ibili
49
Aluminum Advantage
g
Design Flexibility
50
Aluminum Advantage
D i Fl
Design
Flexibility
ibilit
Virtually unlimited color options
51
Aluminum Advantage
g
Thermal Performance
52
Aluminum Advantage
g
Sustainability
• Aluminum is an
environmentally-friendly
material
• Aluminum is highly
recyclable
• Increased energy
performance
• Daylighting and view to
the outside environment
53
The Aluminum Advantage
Architect:
Sotolongo
Architect: Marnell Corrao Associates
and the Worth Group
From single-family residential to monumental construction
… and everything in between
54
Thank you for your attention
55
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56