Where does our energy come from?
We know that the source of all energy comes from
the sun
Since we can’t eat sunshine to get our energy, we
must rely on plants via photosynthesis
We can obtain energy by directly eating plants
Or we can get energy indirectly by eating other
animals who got their energy from plants
Why is Photosynthesis important to
all living things?
1. Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of
inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and
water).
1. It also makes
oxygen gas!!
Why is Photosynthesis important to
all living things?
3. It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life
is supported by this process.
Autotrophs (Producers):
organisms that make their own
food (glucose) from sunlight
Ex. Plants
Heterotrophs (Consumers):
organisms that consume food to
get energy
Ex. Animals
Where do organisms get energy?
Autotrophs-organisms that make their own food
▶ Photosynthesis to make glucose!
Heterotrophs-must get energy from foods they
consume
These are Mixotrophs
What is the initial energy
source?
The SUN!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Autotrophic Process: Plants and plant-like
organisms make their food (glucose) from
sunlight.
Photosynthesis-starts ecological food webs!
Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
Glucose!
Is a simple sugar or
carbohydrate
Photosynthesis happens in 2 phases
The Light (light-dependent)
reaction creates
ATP
Splits water (H2O)
Releases oxygen (O2)
Photosynthesis happens in 2 phases
The Calvin Cycle (lightindependent) reaction
Uses ATP molecules (from
light reaction)
Rearranges
carbon dioxide (CO2) into
glucose (C6H12O6)
What do plants use glucose for?
Food for energy
What do plants use glucose for?
Cellulose: Building block for growing
Where does photosynthesis occur?
The top of the leaf is where photosynthesis occurs.
The chloroplast is the cell organelle where photosynthesis
occurs.
In the chloroplast are pigments that absorb wavelengths of
light.
Chloroplasts make the sugars!
Stomata
This opening how plants exchange gases!
THE COLOR OF LIGHT SEEN IS THE COLOR
NOT ABSORBED
Leaves are green
because they
contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll: A Light
Absorbing Pigment
Light
Reflected
light
Absorbed
light
Transmitted
light
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll: A Light Absorbing Pigment
Vocabulary
Reactants (Inputs)
● What chemicals you start with in a
reaction
Products (Outputs)
● What chemicals are created (made) by
the reaction
EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis
Reactants
Products
Which organelle?
Chloroplast
Function
Use sunlight energy to convert inorganic
molecules into organic glucose (sugar)
Inputs and Outputs
Matter
Input
Output
Carbon Dioxide
+
Water
Glucose
+
Oxygen
Inputs and Outputs
Energy
Input
Output
Sunlight =
Solar energy
Glucose =
Chemical energy
What is Cellular Respiration?
A series of chemical reactions where glucose
is broken down to make carbon dioxide,
water, and ATP (energy)
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
▶ High-energy storing molecule
▶ Energy currency of life
Energy stored in the bonds!
Energy gets released when bond gets broken
Which bond do you think gets broken?
Energy gets released when
3rd Phosphate is broken off!
Cellular Respiration Equation
Cellular Respiration
Reactants
Products
Glycolysis = “breaking glucose”
▶ 1 Glucose is broken into 2 pyruvate
▶ 2 ATP produced
Krebs Cycle
▶ Pyruvate is broken down
▶ 6 CO2 is released
▶ 2 ATP produced
Electron Transport Chain
▶ 6 H2O is produced
▶ 34 ATP produced
Which Organelle?
Mitochondria
Function
To break down glucose to create ATP
(energy) for the cell to use
Inputs and Outputs
Matter
Input
Output
Glucose
+
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
+
Water
Inputs and Outputs
Energy
Input
Output
Glucose =
Chemical energy
ATP =
Chemical energy
Which organelle is represented by the figure below?
Which of the following diagrams shows the correct
cycling of gases? Explain.
Chemistry Introduction
Atoms - basic unit of a chemical element
Element - primary building-block of matter
Compounds vs. Molecules
Compounds - molecules that contain at least two
different elements
Molecules - two or more atoms bonded together
A compound is a molecule, but a molecule may not
be a compound.
Subscripts: how many atoms in a molecule
Coefficients: how many molecules
Fossil Fuel
A hydrocarbon-based fuel made from dead plant and
animal matter over 100’s of millions of years
Big 3: Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal
Cellular Respiration Equation
Cellular Respiration
Reactants
Products
Similarities
1.Carbon containing compound is broken down
1.Oxygen is a reactant
1.Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are
products
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/p
age3.php
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Fea