-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 3 -V-™„j 2016
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
2
O’ -v°æ-¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...
-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,
Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ,
£æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.
896
I
Email your questions to: [email protected]
-•-ü¿’-©’ me ¢√úÕûË..?
-D. Srikanth Reddy
accepted nowadays. This has
become a part of usage (--¢√-úø’-éπ)
now. Similarly, in comparatives
too, 'He is stronger than me',
instead of 'He is stronger than I' is
accepted nowadays, as there is no
ambiguity (ÆæçüË£æ«ç ®√ü¿’ éπ-†’éπ - é¬F
éÌEo éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x I •ü¿’©’ me
Q: Sir, can you please explain the
usage of me and I? Where we
have to use me as well as I?
What is the difference between
them?
M. SURESAN
A: First of all I is used as the subject, and me as the object. (I
¢√úÕûË Å®Ωnç ´÷J-§Ú-ûª’çC.)
Åçõ‰ ؈’, me Åçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊/ ††’o.)
Eg: He likes you more than I, and He likes
Eg: He met me yesterday (Åûª†’ E†o ††’o éπ©’you more than me have different
Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.). He helped me get the job.
meanings. He likes you more than I
(ÖüÓuí∫ç §Òçü¿-úøç™ Ø√èπ◊ Åûª†’ ≤ƒßª’ç
(do) = ؈’ E†’o É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-†’, Åûª†÷
î˨»úø’.)
★ 'Who is it?' if somebody asks this question,
strictly speaking, the answer should be, 'It is
I', but it is more common nowadays to say,
'It's me'. Though according to grammar this
is wrong, and 'It is I' is correct, 'It's me' is
E†’o É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, é¬F FO’ü¿ Ø√èπ◊†o
É≠ædç éπçõ‰, Åûª-E-èπ◊†o É≠æd-¢Ë’ áèπ◊\´.
★ He likes you more than me (Åûª-EéÀ -Ø√ éπçõ‰ †’-´yç-õ‰-ØË áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç. É™«çöÀ ûËú≈ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’
I, me © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.)
- T. Srinivas Reddy
Q: Sir, I have confusion in using English
helping verbs such as would, could and
even if. - Please explain these.
A: Would - i) expresses future from the past.
Compare: a) I think (now) he will help me.
b) I thought (in the past) he would help
me. (؈-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’ – í∫ûªç™ – Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊
≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-úøE.)
ii) Would in the question form expresses
polite requests in the present = ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-
®Ω-¢Á’i† Ŷμºu-®Ωn†.
Eg: Would you help me, please? (é¬Ææh
≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh®√?)
iii) 'Would' is sometimes used to express a
wish.
Eg: I would (I wish) they were here (now)
= Åûª-E-éπ\úø Öçõ‰ áçûª-¶«-í∫’ç-úø’†’! – Åûª-
E-éπ\úø ÖçúË Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’.
iv) 'Would' refers to a past habit = í∫ûªç™-E
Å©¢√ô’.
Eg: I would go for long walks when I was
a student. (؈’ NüΔu-Jní¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’
áèπ◊\´ †úÕ-îË-¢√-úÕE)
v) Unwillingness in the past - I requested
him for help, but he would not (refused
to) give it. (؈’ ÅûªEo ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-´’E
ÅJnç-î√†’, é¬F Åûª†’ îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ ä°æ¤p-éÓ™‰ü¿’.)
- Murali Krishna
Q: Sir can you explain meanings of was,
were, has, have, had in Telugu?
A: Was = í∫ûªç™ ÖØ√oúø’/ ÖçC.
Eg: I was there yesterday.
★ Were = í∫ûªç™ Ö†oN/ ÖØ√o®Ω’.
Eg: We were there yesterday.
★ Has - used with he / she / it.
Eg: a) The boy (he) / the girl (she) has a
pen.
b) The car (it) has four wheels.
★ Have - used with I / we / you / they. I /we /
you / they (my friends / the students) have
all the books.
Eg: Cars (they) have wheels.
★ Had - the past tense of have / has. Used with
all subjects (I / we / you / they) = Possessed
in the past (í∫ûªç™ ÖçúËC– DEo ÅFo subjects
ûÓ ¢√úÌa.)
- Ramakishore Vattipalli
vi) Expresses a choice when used with
rather: Harischandra would rather die
than tell a lie. (£æ«J-¨¡aç-vü¿’úø’ î√´-ú≈-E-ÈéjØ√
Æœü¿l¥ç é¬F, Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ°æpúø’)
★ COULD: Used i) as the past form of can.
Compare: a) I think he can do it.
(Åûª†’
îËߪ’-í∫-©-úøE – É°æ¤púø’ – ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’). I
thought he could do it. (Åûª†’ îËߪ’-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√úøE ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
ii) To express a possibility (ï®Ω-í∫-í∫-©-ü¿E ņ’èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç). Take care, there could be
snakes there. (ñ«ví∫ûªh, Åéπ\úø §ƒ´·-©’ç-úø-í∫©´¤.)
iii) 'Could' in the question form expresses
the politest requests: Could you help
me please? (Ø√èπ◊ é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©®√?
– É°æ¤púø’)
★ Even if = though / although / even though
= Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ. Though / Although / Even if
he comes here he cannot meet them = Åûª-E-
Q: Sir, where we use find, discover? - Please
explain with examples.
A: Find = notice / observe (í∫´’-Eç-îªúøç.)
★ Discover = see something for the first time
/ find out something. (üËE-ØÁjØ√ / á´-J-ØÁjØ√
¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ îª÷úøôç.)
- Ravuru Narasaiah, Puducherry
Q: Sir, please give the meaning of 'out of' and
explain the different uses of it.
And also explain what is the meaning of '2
children were born out of wedlock' in a
diverse case.
Whether it means children were born
through wedlock or they were born not
through wedlock?
A: Out of = No longer inside something (•ßª’ôèπ◊ BÆœ†/ ´*a†). It fell out of the bag.
★ Children born out of wedlock = born to a
man and a woman not married / separated
by divorce (N¢√-£æ«ç-é¬E ïçô-©èπ◊ °æ¤öÀd†
Q: Sir, please let me know the meaning of the
idiom 'score brownie points' in Telugu?
A: Get praise or approval from authorities or
others for something that you have done.
(´’†ç îËÆœ† °æ†’-©èπ◊ ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©, Éûª-®Ω’© ¢Á’°æ¤p/
§Òí∫úøh §Òçü¿úøç.)
Eg: She thought she could get / earn / score
brownie points from her mother-inlaw by doing all the household work.
(ÉçöÀ-°æ-†’-©Fo îËÆœ ûª†’ ûª† Åûªh-í¬J ¢Á’°æ¤p
§Òçü¿-í∫-©-†E ņ’-èπ◊çC.)
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..
www.eenadupratibha.net
- T. Leela Krishna
Q: Sir, what is the difference between argued
and argumented?
A: Argued = explained why you support /
don't support something (¢√Cç-îªúøç). No
such word as 'argumented' in English.
There is the word 'augmented' = increased.
(°çîªúøç/ áèπ◊\´ îËߪ’úøç.)
Q: Please let me know the actual meaning of
prompting?
A: To prompt is to help an actor remember
their dialogue. (†ô’-©èπ◊ ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ§ƒp-Lq† Ææç¶μ«-
≠æ-ù©’ ÅçCç-îªúøç, ®Ωçí∫ç ¢Á©’-°æ© †’ç*.)
- M. Sankaraiah
Q: Please explain which type of subordinate
clause is this?
Tell me how you found that out.
A: 'How you found that out' is a noun clause,
object of the verb, 'tell'. Put the question
what (á´-JE) / whom (üËEo) to the verb, and
the answer you get is the object of the verb.
In this sentence, 'how you got the job'
answers the question, 'Tell me what?' and
you get the answer, how you found that
out. So it acts as the object of the verb,
knows.
Vocabulary
1. Fuel = a) Substance used to provide heat /
power (Éçüμ¿†ç – °vö™¸ ™«çöÀN)
Eg: Petrol is used as a fuel for cars.
b) Increase or make something stronger
(°çîªúøç/ •©-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç)
Eg: Careful planning fuels growth
(´’ç*
´‹u£æ«ç ´%Cl¥E °ç-ûª’çC)
Fuel × Dampen (E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç/
Prompt × Discourage (E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç)
d) Help an actor remember their dialogue.
(†ô’-©èπ◊ Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ ÅçCç-îªúøç)
Öû√q£æ«ç
O’ü¿ F∞¡Ÿx xúøç)
éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æp-öÀéà ¢√∞¡x†’ Åûª†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰úø’.
- S. Raja Sekhar, Kakinada.
°œ©x©’.)
- Pravina G
Q: Please clarify which one of the following
is correct. After retirement I have settled
in / at / down at Hyderabad.
A: After retirement I settled in Hyderabad Correct. Usually we use 'in' before big
cities, and big places, and 'at' before
small places, villages, etc.
2. Prompt = (Has a number of meanings)
a) Without delay / immediate (¢ÁçôØË).
Eg: He arrived promptly at 5.30 at the
place and the show began promptly.
Promptly × Sluggish (lazy and slow -
´’çü¿-éÌ-úÕí¬)
b) Cause (鬮Ω-ù-´’-´úøç/ °æ¤J-éÌ-©púøç)
Eg: The violence in the city prompted the
police to take immediate action. (†í∫-
®Ωç-™E £œ«ç≤ƒ-é¬çúø §ÚM-Ææ’-©†’ ûªéπ~ù Ωu©èπ◊ °æ¤J-éÌ-LpçC.)
Prompt × Unresponsive (Ææpçü¿† ™‰éπ-§Ú´úøç)
c) Encourage (v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îªúøç)
Eg: On his friend's prompting he attended
the interview. (ûª† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’E v§Úü¿s©ç/
v§Úû√q-£æ«çûÓ Åûª†’ ´·ë«-´·"éÀ £æ…ï-®Ωߪ÷uúø’.)
3. Unveil = Uncover (a new monument /
book / statue). Veil (ÇN-≠æ \-Jç-îªúøç – °æ¤Ææh鬩’/ Nví∫-£æ…©’/ ñ«c°æéπ *£æ…o©’ ™«çöÀN). Veil
= Cover (´·Ææ’í∫’). Women of some communities wear veils.
4. Momentary = Very temporary (lasting for
just a moment - -éπ~-ùÀéπ-¢Á’i-†)
Eg: We should not waste money on
momentary pleasures.
Unveil × Lasting / permanent
5. Momentous = Very important (especially
with future consequences - î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i†,
´·êuçí¬ ¶μºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ Bv´ °æJ-ù«-´÷©’ éπLTçîË)
Eg: This is a momentous decision affecting our relations with China (îÁjØ√ûÓ
´’† Ææç•ç-üμΔ© O’ü¿ î√™« Bv´/ ´·êu
v°æ¶μ«-¢√Eo îª÷Ê° E®Ωg-ߪ’-N’C.)
Momentous × Trivial (àç v§ƒ´·êuç ™‰E/
*†o N≠æߪ’ç)
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 10 -V-™„j 2016
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
2
O’ -v°æ-¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...
-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,
Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ,
£æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.
897
Vocabulary
1. Hinder = Obstruct / stop
Email your questions to: [email protected]
Apart from Å
- ç-õ‰ ...?
- S. Mallikharjun
(Åúøf-Tç-îªúøç/
Ç°æúøç).
Eg: His laziness is hindering his
progress.
Hinder × Aid / assist / support / promote
(≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøôç)
2. Decline = a) Refuse politely (´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬
A®Ω-Ææ \-Jç-îªúøç).
Eg: They offered her the top position in
the company but she declined it.
Decline × Accept (Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªúøç/ ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç)
b) Decrease (ûªí∫_úøç/ °æûª†ç.)
Eg: The birth rate in that country is
declining = there is a fall in the number of births in the country.
3. Progressive = Supporting new ideas,
methods and change (Å¶μº’u-ü¿-ߪ’ -¶μ«-¢√©’
Ö†o).
Eg: The father, being orthodox (ÆæØ√-ûª-†¢√C Å´-úøçûÓ), does not like the progressive ideas of his son.
Progressive × Retrogressive (A®Ó-í∫-´’†
ûªûªyç)
4. Negotiate = a) Reaching an agreement
through discussions (Ωa-©ûÓ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç--éÓ´úøç).
Eg: The prime ministers of the two
neighbouring countries have reached
an agreement through negotiations.
b) Pass a difficult part of a route (éπ≠dçæ í¬
Ö†o ´÷®√_Eo üΔôúøç.)
Eg: She negotiated the narrow curve on
her way home.
5. Faith = a) Belief in somebody's ability or
knowledge (†´’téπç/ N¨»yÆæç).
Eg: I have faith in you; I know you can
do what you have promised to do
b) Religion (´’ûªç). Hindu faith = Hindu
religion.
Eg: Students in schools and colleges
meet members of different faiths.
c) Strong religious belief (´’ûª-Ææç-•ç-üμ¿-¢Á’i†
†´’téπç.)
Eg: Faith does not admit of any doubts
(†´’téπç Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ÆæçüË-£æ…©’ ®√´¤).
d) In good faith = with good intentions
(†´’t-éπçûÓ.)
Eg: They handed him the big amount of
money in good faith.
Faith × Distrust (Å°æ-†-´’téπç)
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..
www.eenadupratibha.net
Eg: He should have been there in
the morning.
Q: Sir, can you please explain the
★ Could have been = had the capacusage of would have been,
ity to be something / somewhere
could have been, should have
but not there (--Öç-úøí∫-LÍí-üË/ -Öç-úøí∫-LÍíbeen and might have been?
¢√-úË é¬-F -™‰-ü¿’/ -™‰-úø’).
Where and how we have to use
Eg: He could have been there early
M. SURESAN
them?
in the morning (Ç õ„jçéÀ Åéπ\úø
A: Would have been / should have
ÖçúË-¢√úË é¬F ™‰úø’).
been / could have been / might have been
★ Might have been = (uncertain) (ÖçúÕ
are all imaginary past forms. That is they
ÖçúÌa.) Eg: He was not at home last
refer to our imagination about some past
night. He might have been at his friend's
happenings.
(Åûªúø’ E†o Éçöx ™‰úø’. Åûª†’ ûª† -ÊÆo-£œ«ûª’úÕ
★ Would have been = Thought to be someÉçöx ÖçúÕ ÖçúÌa).
where in the past but not there (í∫ûªç™
- K. V. Ramana
ÖçúËüË/ ÖçúË-¢√úË é¬F -™‰-ü¿’ / ™‰úø’.)
Eg: He would have been an actor if he had
wanted (Åûª†’ ņ’-èπ◊E Öçõ‰ †ô’-úÕí¬
ÖçúË-¢√úø’, é¬F ņ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ – ™‰úø’.)
★ Should have been = expected as a rule to
have been but not there
(-Öç-ú≈-Lqç-üË/ -Öç-ú≈-Lq-
† -¢√-úË é¬-F -™‰-ü¿’/ -™‰-úø’.)
Q: Sir, what is the difference between "I saw
him" and "I did see him"?
A: 'I did see him' is more emphatic than 'I saw
him'. (؈ ’ îª ÷úø-éπ-§Ú-´-úø-¢Ë’-N’öÃ, éπ*a-ûªçí¬
îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, I did see
him Åçö«ç.)
- Nehemiah
- A. Veeranjaneyulu
Q: Sir, I want to know the difference
between the two words "BUILT-IN" and
"INBUILT" with best examples.
A: Built-in and inbuilt are more or less the
same. Built-in = Parts that cannot be
removed / separated from what they are a
part of. (´Ææ’h´¤ †’ç* ¢Ë®Ω’ îËߪ’™
- E‰ ¶μ«í¬©’).
★ Inbuilt = If something is inbuilt, it is an
original part of something and cannot be
separated from it. (äéπ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’ ûªßª÷®Ω’
Q: Sir, please explain me the difference
between raise and rise.
A: Raise = i) lifting something up; (áûªhúøç)
ii) increase (°çîªúøç)
Eg: a) He raised his hand (Åûª†’ îË®· áû√húø’.)
b) The hoteliers have raised prices (£æ«Ùô™¸
îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púË üΔE™ ÉN’úËa ¶μ«í¬©’, üΔE †’ç*
¢Ë®Ω’ îËߪ’-™‰-EN.)
Eg: The car has a built-in / an inbuilt
automatic door closure system. (ûª©’-
°æ¤©’ ¢√ôç-ûª-ô¢Ë ´‚Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ´ÆæA Ç
é¬®Ω’™ ÉN’úÕa ÖçC.)
Q: Sir, what is the meaning of sentence
'Barring accidents, she comes in time'?
A: If there are no accidents on the way she
comes here at the right time.
¢√∞¡Ÿx üμ¿®Ω-©†’ °çî√®Ω’.)
(E©-•-úøôç)
increasing on its own (°®Ω-í∫úøç.)
★ Rise = stand up,
something
Eg: a) When a teacher enters class, all students rise (E©-•-úø-û√®Ω’.)
b) The price of gold is rising day by day.
(•çí¬®Ωç üμ¿®Ω ®ÓV-®Ó-Vèπÿ °®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçC.)
- S. Raja Shekar, Kakinada.
Q: Sir, please give the meaning and usage of
the following words:
1. Default 2. Much less 3. Endorse
A: Default = a) Failure to fulfill what one
agrees to do, especially the failure to
repay a loan (•é¬-®·-°æ-úøôç.)
Eg: i) Samir tried his best to avoid a default
on the loan from the bank.
ii) The losses in his business made him
default on his bank loan. (ÅûªE
¢√u§ƒ®Ωç™ ´*a† †≥ƒd©’ ¶«uçé˙ ®Ω’ùç
•é¬®· °æúËô’d î˨»®·.)
b) (Computer) Revert (come back) automatically to a pre-selected form.
Eg: The computer reverted to default as it
did not have access to the programme
(àüÁjØ√ v§Úví¬ç Å®·-§Ú-í¬ØË ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ÆœnAéÀ
®√´úøç.)
★ Much less: Eg: The rice in this bag is
much less than that in that bag. (Ç Ææç-*™
Gߪ’uç éπçõ‰ Ñ Ææç-*™ Gߪ’uç î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.)
★ Endorse / endorsement = Declare one's
approval or support publicly.
Eg: The officer endorsed the request of
the clerk for a promotion.
beings but also objects and animals. They
= ¢√∞¡Ÿx/ ÅN; them = ¢√∞¡x†’/ ¢√öÀE/ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊/
¢√öÀéÀ; their = ¢√∞¡x ßÁ·éπ\/ ¢√öÀ ßÁ·éπ\.
Eg: They (ÅN) are the houses of my friends;
They have beautiful.... ; The houses and
their (¢√öÀ) windows are always closed.
- Hari Prasad
- K. Venkata Ramana
Q: Sir, we call they / them / their if the topic is
related to many people. But what we call if
the topic is about objects / things? How to
call things?
A: They / them / their, refer not only to human
Q: Sir, what is the meaning for "I have never
seen him since that unfortunate event"?
A: From the time the event took place I have
not seen him (Ç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-éæ π-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-
T-†-°æpöÀ †’ç* ؈-ûªEo îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’.)
- Srinivas Banothu
- Murali Krishna
Q: Sir, please explain the usage of 'rather'
with Telugu meaning with suitable examples.
A: Rather - a) used when two unlike things are
compared. Eg: He is rather tall than handsome (ÅûªE Åçü¿ç éπçõ‰ áûª’h áèπ◊\´.)
b) Expresses preference (áèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úË-üΔEo
ûÁ©-°æúøç) Eg: Harischandra would rather
die than tell a lie. (£æ«-J-¨¡aç-vü¿’-úø’ v§ƒù«-™„jØ√
Q: Sir, can you please explain the word
"apart from". What is the meaning in
Telugu? And give some examples.
A: Apart from = a) In addition to (ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈.) Eg: Apart from his heavy work
in the office, he had to take care of his
sick wife.
b) Except (ûª°æp.) Eg: The whole family
was asleep, except the father who was
worried about finances for his daughter's marriage.
§ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’ é¬F Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ°æpúø’.)
c) To some extent - The jewel is rather
costly. Used mostly with bad things.
Eg: The movie was rather boring.
Q: Please explain the usage of 'for' at the starting of the sentence. Eg: For I am sure that
if he reforms his ways?
A: For (if used at the beginning of a sentence)
= because.
Eg: I don't like him. For he is a rogue.
- Ramakrishna U, Payakaraopet.
Q: I can understand gist of sentence in English
but I cannot write in English properly. How
can I improve English writing skills properly. I request you to solve my problem.
A: You can improve your writing ability by
reading books in English, and listening to
English news telecasts in English. The next
step: Practise writing short sentences on
any topic you like. Then go on to short
paragraphs. This kind of practice will help
you to improve your ability of writing.
- Sahana Aaliya
Q: Sir, please explain the word 'she hurt'.
A: She hurt - wrong. It should be, 'She hurt
herself' (She was injured) / She hurt
somebody (she caused injury / suffering
- physically or mentally - somebody)
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Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ,
£æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.
898
Email your questions to: [email protected]
- Kantipudi Kameswara Rao, Mortha.
Among, amongst
Q: Sir, usually we use PREPOSITION before
a Noun or Pronoun. The cat is on the
bench. Here ON is a preposition. But, in
the sentence I am going to Hyderabad to
see my parents. - Kindly explain to before
Hyderabad and 'to' before see.
A: In, 'To Hyderabad', 'to' is a preposition. In
'to see my parents', 'to' in 'to see' is a part
of the infinitive.
- Yugan, Rajahmundry.
- Tejaswini
Q: Sir, please let me know the basic meaning
and difference among these groups.
1. Terrorist
2. Naxalite
3. Maoist
4. Militant
A: 1) Terrorist = Terrorist is one who creates
violence and bloodshed for political
purposes (Bv´-¢√C)
2) Naxalite = A naxalite tries to bring about
change in society and the government by
violence (£œ«çÆæ, ®Ωéπh-§ƒ-ûªçûÓ Ææ´÷-ïç™ ´÷®Ω’p
BÆæ’-èπ◊-®√-í∫-©-´’-†’èπ◊-ØË ¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
3) Maoist = Maoist is one who follows the
principles of Mao Ze Dong, the Chinese
communist leader.
4) Militant = Active and determined and willing to use force to bring about a change
they desire (Bv´-¢√-ü¿’©’).
- Madhu, Kurnool
Q: Sir, can we say like this in English?
1. I am given books always (-Ø√èπ◊ °æ¤Ææhé¬-©’
-
á°æ¤p-úø÷ -ÉÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’.)
2. I am said work always (-Ø√èπ◊
-á°æ¤p-úø÷ °æ-E
-îÁ-•’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.)
A: 1) Correct.
2) I am told to work always.
- Virender, Hyderabad.
Q: Sir, kindly explain the meaning with
examples of the following words.
1) While so
2) Be that as it may
3) While that being so.
A: While so = 'While so' cannot be used
independently. It can only be a part of a
sentence as in the following example:
Eg: While so used, the tool was broken
(ÅC Å™« ¢√úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ °æE-´·ô’d NJT
§Ú®·çC.)
★ Be that as it may = that may be true (ÅC
Eï´’-¢Ìya, é¬F)
Eg: Be that as it may, I don't understand
why it should worry you. (ÅC Eï¢Ë’
鬴a, é¬F ÅC EØÁoç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÇçüÓ-∞¡†
°æ®Ω’-≤Úhç-üÓ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴úøç ™‰ü¿’)
★ While that being so = Though that is so
(ÅC Å™« Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ)
Eg: While that being so, I don't see how
I am responsible for it. (ÅC Å™« Ö†o-
°æp-öÀéÃ/ ÅC Å™« Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, üΔEéÀ
ØËØÁ™« ¶«üμ¿’u-úÕØÓ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴-úøç-™‰ü¿’.)
ûË-ú≈..?
Wrest:
- Nandan, Durgarao
Q: Sir, please explain the following.
Q: Sir, can you please explain
I sometimes observed 'as' following
me the meaning of senword 'elected' and sometimes not.
tence "Dogs got personaliPlease brief me usage of 'as' and other
ty. Personality goes a long
similar cases.
way."
M. SURESAN
A: Strictly speaking 'elect' is not folA: Explain should always be
lowed by 'as', but nowadays, 'elect as'
followed by 'to'. Your sentence should be,
is also accepted.
'Can you explain to me'.
Q: Could you please explain the usage of fol★ Now about your doubt: Dogs have got perlowing words.
sonality (not, dogs got personality) = A dog
1. Among and amongst
has its own characteristics or qualities that
2. Due to and owing to
form its own character that is different from
3. In spite and despite
the other dogs. These characteristics that
4. Although and though
make it successful (= go a long way.)
A: 1) Among = amongst.
- Amaravadi Siddhu
2) 'Due to' and 'owing to' - In the present day
English both due to and owing to mean
Q: Sir, what is the meaning of 'to make both
because of. Formerly, the rule was that we
ends meet'?
should not begin a sentence with 'due to',
A: To earn enough money to spend on the
but nowadays it has become common and
basic needs of life / for the family to get on
is therefore accepted as correct.
(@´†ç í∫úø-´-ú≈-EéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ úø•’s, N’í∫’©’ 3) In spite of = despite.
™‰èπ◊çú≈.)
4) Although = even though = though.
- Ramya Gunti
Q: The below sentence is in indirect speech.
But it did not have the word 'that'. Why?
Q: Sir, could you please explain the meanings
'It claimed they had taken undue benefit of
in Telugu.
over Rs.3 crore'.
1) Camouflage
2) Basic Instinct
A: Omission of that before statements in indi3) Raiders of the lost ark
rect speech has become common nowaA: Camouflage = Animals and reptiles adoptdays and is not wrong, so long as the
ing the colour of the surroundings, so that
meaning is clear.
their enemies might not recognize them
- Ravuru Narasaiah, Puducherry
easily (ïçûª’-´¤©’, °æèπ~◊©’ ™«çöÀN ûª´’ ¨¡vûª’-´¤Q: Sir, what is the difference between
©èπ◊ éπE-°œç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊, °æJ-Ææ-®√© ®Ωçí∫’'Implications and Consequences'?
©ûÓ éπL-Æœ-§Ú-´úøç.)
A: Implication = i) Indirectly saying some★ Basic Instinct = ÅÆæ-™„j† 鬮Ωù«©’ éπ°œp-°öÀd ¢ËÍ®
thing without saying it directly.
≤ƒèπ◊-™‰¢Ó îÁ°æpúøç.
ii) The effect that something might have in
★ Raiders of the lost ark = ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ ûª´’ P®Ω-≤ƒYfuture.
ù«-©èπ◊ Çèπ◊©’ °ô’d-éÓ-´úøç, Åúø-´¤™x ûª´’ ÖEéÀ ★ Consequences = Entering others' area by
force / competitors affecting others' business.
ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈, îÁô’x ÅØË v¶μº´’ éπL-Tç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊.
Vocabulary
1. Abrupt = Sudden and unexpected
- Bangaru Naidu, Vizianagaram.
Q: Sir, please explain the meanings of below
words in Telugu.
1. Casualty
2. Impetus
3. Headway
4. Wrest
5. Absconder
6. Flagship
7. Vie
8. Vanquish
9. Anticipate
10. Lodge
A: 1) Casualty = A person killed or injured
in an accident / a person badly affected by an incident (v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ ´’%A
îÁçü¿úøç/ Bv´çí¬ í¬ßª’-°æ-úøôç.)
2) Impetus = i) The force / energy with
which a body moves (´Ææ’h´¤ éπC-™‰-ô-°æ¤púø’
üΔE-èπ◊çúË ¨¡éÀh.)
ii) Something that causes something to
happen or happen faster. (äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†
ïJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† 鬮Ω-ù-´’-´úøç.)
3) Headway = Progress
4) Wrest = Pull something from the hands of
a person (•©-´ç-ûªçí¬ ™«éÓ\-´úøç)
5) Absconder = One who escapes (ûª°œpç--
èπ◊E §ƒJ-§Ú-ßË’-¢√úø’)
6) Flagship = i) Ship used by the commander of a group of ships, and carrying the
flag of the commander. (Ø√´© Ææ´‚-£æ…-EéÀ
´·çü¿’çúË ÅCμ-é¬J Ø√´, üΔE ñ„çú≈ûÓ)
ii) The best product that a company
makes, or the most important of the
companies in a group. (äéπ éπç°F Öûªp-
Ah™ Åûª’u-ûªh-´’-¢Á’içC/ éπç°-F© Ææ´‚-£æ«ç™E Åûª’u-ûªh´’ éπç°F)
7) Vie = Compete (§Úöà îËߪ’úøç)
8) Vanquish = Defeat (ãúÕç-îªúøç)
9) Anticipate = Imagine or expect something will happen (ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ßË’C Ü£œ«ç-îªúøç)
10) Lodge = i) A place where people stay
temporarily (Nv¨»çA / ´ÆæA)
ii) File a case against somebody (á´-J-
O’-üÁjØ√ ÍéÆæ’ Â°ôdúøç.)
(Ö†o-
- S.Raja Sekhar, Kakinada.
Eg: His arrival was abrupt and we were
surprised to see him there at that time
Q: Sir, what is the meaning of 'undertaking'
and what is the purpose of giving an undertaking letter?
A: Undertaking = i) a job, business or piece of
work (´’†ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ä°æ¤p-èπ◊†o °æE.)
Eg: Providing shelter to so many is a big
undertaking. / The construction of such
a big hotel is certainly a large and complex undertaking.
ii) A formal promise (´÷öÀ-´yúøç)
Eg: I undertake to pay the fee in full even
if my son discontinues studies in the
middle. (´÷ Ŷ«s®· ´’üμ¿u™ îªü¿’´¤
ô’dçúÕ Ü£œ«ç-îªE Nüμ¿çí¬ ïJ-ÍíC)
(ÅûªE ®√éπ ¢Ë’ç ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ
ïJ-TçC. Åûª-†o-éπ\úø ¢Ë’´· Å°æ¤púø’
îª÷úøôç ´’´’tLo Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-J-*çC.)
Abrupt × Gradual / leisurely (véπ´’ véπ´’çí¬/
BJ-éπí¬)
2. Beverage = A drink of any kind (àNüμ¿-¢Á’i†
§ƒF-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√)
Eg: The cafe sells all kinds of beverages
including tea, coffee, etc. It does not
sell alcoholic beverages.
Beverage × Solid food (°∂æ’Ø√-£æ…®Ωç)
3. Compensate = Pay money for the loss or
damage or for some problem caused (†≠æd-°æ-
him for the damage caused to his leg
in an accident.
Compensate × Deprive (éÓ™p-ßË’-ôô’d
îËߪ’úøç)
4. Descend = Get down / climb down (éÀçCéÀ
Cí∫úøç)
Eg: He descended the stairs as soon as he
heard someone knocking at his door.
Descend × Ascend (climb up - °jéÀ áéπ\úøç)
5. Obstinate = Stubborn (¢Á·çúÕ/ °æöÀd† °æô’d
Núø-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç)
J-£æ…®Ωç.)
Eg: He is obstinate about going there
though his health is bad.
Obstinate × / yielding / pliable (¢Á·çúÕ-ûª†ç
Eg: The bus company has compensated
™‰èπ◊çú≈ Éûª-®Ω’©’ îÁ°œpçC N†úøç.)
´÷ØË-ÆœØ√ °∂‘-V °æ‹Jhí¬ éπúø-û√-†E ´÷öÀ-Ææ’hØ√o†’.)
'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..
www.eenadupratibha.net
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2
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-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,
Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ,
£æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.
899
Email your questions to: [email protected]
- Ajay, Karimnagar
Vocabulary
1. Retain = Keep back with you / continue to
have something (-´’-†-ü¿í∫_Í® -Öç--éÓ-´-úøç.)
Eg: i) We retain half of the ticket until the
movie is over.
ii) She still retains control over the business. (-Ç -¢√u-§ƒ®Ωç-O’-ü¿ -Å-ü¿’°æ¤ -Ç-¢Á’èπ◊ç-C.)
Retain × Surrender (-É-ûª®Ω’-©èπ◊ -´-¨¡°æ®Ω-îª-úøç)/
give away (-É-´y-úøç/ -´-ü¿’-©’éÓ-´-úøç)
2. Tempt = Attract into doing something
wrong (-v°æ-™ -¶μº°æ®Ω-îª-úøç.)
Eg: Indians often bribe officers to tempt
them into doing them a favour.
Tempt × Repel (-A®ΩÆæ \-Jç-îª-úøç)
★ Temptation = Attraction towards something
bad or immoral (-Çéπ®Ω{-ù.)
Temptation × repulsion (-Néπ®Ω{-ù)
3. Curb = Check / control (-Å-ü¿’°æ¤-™  -Öç-îª-úøç)
Eg: The government is unable to curb corruption in government offices. (v°æ¶μº’ûªy
鬮√u-©-ߪ÷™x ÅN-FA-E v°æ¶μº’ûªyç Åü¿’-°æ¤™
Öçîª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC.)
Curb × Encourage / aid / assist (v§Úûªq-£œ«çîªúøç/ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøôç)
Two lakh rupee project..?
- J Satya, Hyderabad
the other words in the sentence.
(Prepositions -Åç-õ‰ äéπ °æü¿ç ´·çü¿’
Q: Sir, please explain Parts of
-é¬F, ûª®√yûª é¬F ´îËa *†o ´÷ô©’ –
Speech, their definitions, types
´·êuçí¬ verb in the sentence èπ◊ -N’with examples in detail. I am
T-L-† °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Öç-úË ¨¡•l ≤ƒnØ√Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤confused in using adverb,
ûª’çC.)
adjectives and preposition. I
Eg:
i) He is in Kolkata - in this
M. SURESAN
request you to please explain
sentence, the preposition,
on this in detail.
'in' links (connects) 'He is'
A: Any good grammar book can explain to
with Kolkata.
you the parts of speech with suitable
ii) He looked into the room. 'Into' here is
examples.
a preposition which links the 'room'
a) The adjective is a word which describes
with the other part of the sentence, 'He
the quality of a person, place, thing or anilooked'.
mal. (í∫’ù«Eo, ©éπ~-ù«Eo ûÁL-Ê°- °æü¿ç.)
- P. Prakash
Eg: A tall man. Here 'tall' tells us about the
Q: Sir, please explain the following sentences.
noun, man. So 'tall' is an adjective.
1)
He would make a better engineer than
b) The adverb is a word / words which adds
lawyer.
to or increases the meaning of the verb.
2) He would make a better statesman than
(Verb ûÁLÊ° °æEE ᙫ ïJ-TçC ÅE ûÁL-Ê°C
a philosopher (would make.)
adverb.)
A: 1) He would be more fit / suitable to be an
Eg: He walks slowly. Here 'slowly' is the
engineer than to be a lawyer.
adverb because it adds to the meaning of
2) He would be more fit / suitable as a
walks. He walks how? - The answer is
statesman than as a philosopher.
slowly. So slowly is an adverb.
- Narayana Swamy, Nandyal
★ Most (not all) adverbs end in '-ly'. He sings
Q: Sir, please explain the meaning of the
well. 'Well' here is an adverb because it
word 'Laborious efforts'.
tells us about the verb, sing.
A: Effort = A strong attempt. Laborious
c) Prepositions are words which is used before
effort = An attempt which needs a lot of
or after a word, to show its relationship with
hard work, patience and time.
Q: Sir, could you please explain the meaning
and usage of the following.
1) Was to be + PP
2) Deemed to be + PP
3) Deemed to have been + PP
4) Be it so
A: 1) Was to be = Expected to be, but not /
should have been but not. (Öçú≈-LqçC
é¬F, ™‰ü¿’)
Eg: He was to be here yesterday = We
thought he would be here / should have
been yesterday but he was not. (E†o
Åûª†’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈-LqçC, é¬F ™‰úø’.)
2) Deem = Consider (°æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç), Deemed to
be = considered to be (°æJ-í∫-ùÀ-Ææ’h†o.)
Eg: i) Certain great educational institutions in the country are deemed (to
be) universities.
ii) He is deemed fit for the job. (Åûª†’
Ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ Å®Ω’|úË ÅE ¶μ«N-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.)
3) Deemed to have been = Considered in the
past. (í∫ûªç™ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-¢√®Ω’.)
Eg: He was deemed to have been a great
freedom fighter. (ÅûªEo íÌ°æp ≤ƒyûªçvûªu
Ææ´’®ΩßÁ÷üμ¿’-úÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-¢√®Ω’.)
4) Be it so = Let it be so (Å™« ÖçúøF/ ûªüμΔÆæ’h.)
4. Manual = Done with the human hands
- Pullaiah Gadesina, Kurnool
(îËûª’-©ûÓ ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËߪ’úøç.)
Eg: These saris are all manual products.
(É´Fo îËûª’-©ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Æœ-†N, ߪ’çvû√©ûÓ é¬ü¿’.)
Manual × Automatic (´’E≠œ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈
ߪ’çvû√-©ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω-ßË’uN.)
5. Miser = A person who does not spend
money even on necessities.
Miser × Spendthrift
- N. Naresh
Q: Sir, how to differentiate rupee and rupees
and lakh, lakhs?
A: When you talk about the price of something you use rupees (plural.)
Eg: The project costs two lakh rupees.
★ When you talk about the value of something in terms of money, you use rupee.
Eg: It is a two lakh rupee project.
★ Similarly the book costs Rs.300 / It is a
three hundred rupee book.
- Paddu Sambangi
Q: Sir, as you know there are some letters that
comes silent or we wont spell when we read
in that word. I would like to know what are
that letters and how to identify easily? Is
there any important points to remember?
A: No rules which letter in which word is
silent. It depends on the language from
which the word entered English language.
Very difficult to know this. All that you can
do is when you come across a new word,
look up the dictionary for the pronunciation.
Q: Sir, please explain the meanings and
usage of following words?
No longer;
No more;
Not any;
Not any more
A: No longer = No more = Not any longer
= Not any more
/
(Éçé¬ ™‰ü¿’ Éçé𠙉ü¿’)
★ Not any = None (á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’)
- Sireesha
Q: Sir, please translate the below sentences
into English.
1. -´÷- §ƒ°æ-E -ûª-ߪ÷®Ω’ -îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†’.
2. -´÷ -¶«-•’èπ◊ ≤ƒ-o-†ç -îË°œÆæ’h-Ø√o-†’-.
3. -´÷ -§ƒ°æèπ◊- -vúÁÆˇ -¢ËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†’.
4. -Ø√ -≠æ‡ -ûÁ-Tç-C.
5. -Ø√ -îÁ®·u -ûÁ-Tç-C (small wound on the
hand while cooking or something like
that)
A: 1) I am getting my child ready.
2) I am giving a bath to my little son.
3) I am having / getting our baby dressed
up.
4) My shoe is damaged.
5) My hand was injured / I injured my
hand while cooking.
Q: I am taking maths class to some students
so, after completion of the class whether I
have to ask "understood?" or "understand?" And what should be the answer
by students "understood?" or "understand?" - Please explain.
- Vijay Murram
- Srikanth Reddy
Q: Sir, what is the difference between 'It
is finished' and 'It has been finished'?
A: It is finished = It has been finished.
However, when you say that it is
finished, the importance is for 'it' and
when you say that it has been
finished, the importance is for the
finishing.
Q: Sir, please give the meaning and antonyms
of following words:
1) Embark 2) Negotiate
3) Persuade
4) Prevail 5) Disavow
A: All these words have more than one meaning, and it is not possible here to give the
antonyms of all the meanings. The
antonyms given here are for the most common meanings:
A: The proper question is, 'Understand?'
which is a part of the question, 'Do you
understand?'
★ The proper answer from the students
would be: 'Yes, we do, ma'am' or, 'Sorry,
we don't, ma'am'.
- Ankita Patra
Q: Sir, please let me know the subtle difference between assumption and presumption.
A: Assume and presume both mean the same
- to suppose, to take for granted.
However, presume is based on some evidence or proof, whereas assume is merely
what we suppose - it has no basis. In
short, presume has better chances of being
true than assume.
- Parepalli satyanarayana, Konayapalem
Q: Sir, I would like to know about any easiest way to find "ie" and "ei" forming
words? Eg: hierarch / height etc.
A: English spelling being illogical there is no
way to find out the words with 'ie' and 'ei.'
Words' commonest
meanings
Antonyms
1. Start / launch
Cease (stop)
2. Discuss something with the
idea of coming to
an agreement.
Botch / mishandle
3. Convince a person to do something.
Dissuade (convince a
person not to dissuade something).
The doctor dissuaded
him from smoking.
4. Conquer / win
Be defeated
5. Deny any responsibility for /not to
accept
any
responsibility for
something.
Admit / accept
(responsibility)
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£æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.
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Email your questions to: [email protected]
-Åç-õ‰..?
Informal education
think of another similar experience
or memory. (äéπ ņ’-¶μº-¢√Eo í∫’Jç*
- K.S. Vani, Visakhapatnam.
Q: Sir, please tell me the meanings
Ç™-*-Ææ’hçõ‰, ÅüË ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† ÉçéÓ Å†’-¶μº´ç
of the following in Telugu with
´’†èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ®√´úøç.)
examples.
3) Morbid = Too interested in
1) Leverage
unpleasant subjects, especially
2) Resonated with me
with things like death (ü¿’”ê éπ®ΩM. SURESAN
3) Morbid
4) Morbidity
¢Á’i† Ç™-îª-†©’, ´·êuçí¬ -´’®Ω-ù«-EéÀ
5) Bristle at
6) Straddled
Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† Ç™-îª-†™x ÇÆæéÀh)
A: 1) Leverage = Power to influence people
4) Morbidity = The nature of being interested
and get the result you want. (´’†èπ◊ ņ’-èπÿin unpleasant subjects like death (´’%ûª’u-´¤èπ◊
©çí¬ °∂æLûªç ´îËa-ôô’d v°æï-©†’ v°æ¶μ«-Nûªç
îËߪ’úøç.)
Eg: If you were an officer you would have
the leverage for getting things done
(O’®Ω’ ÅCμ-é¬J Å®·ûË O’èπ◊ 鬴-©-Æœ† °æ†’©’
îË®·ç--èπ◊ØË Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC.)
2) Resonated with me = If an experience or
memory resonates with you it makes you
Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† Ç™-îª-†©’)
5) Bristle at = If anything especially things
like hair bristle up, they stand up in fear /
shock (®Ó´÷©’ Eéπ\-¶Ô-úø’--éÓ-´úøç, ¶μºßª’ç-ûÓ-é¬E,
- P. Balamuralikrishna, Chittoor.
Q: Sir, please explain the following words in
Telugu.
1) Bare Act
2) Extent
3) Par
4) In & As
5) Does not arise
6) Nisi (pule) 7) Mulki
A: 1) Bare act = Only an Act (Öûªh îªôdç – N´®Ω-ù©’ àO’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈.) The government
publishes in the gazette.
2) Extent = The degree of something (à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊)
3) Par - Used as a part of the expression, 'on
a par with' = As good or as bad as something else. (ÉçéÓ-üΔ-†çûª ´’ç*C é¬E, îÁúø’C
é¬E.) Par has other meanings as well.
4) In and as = Usually used in film advertisements. Eg: Rajinikanth in and as Kabali.
(äéπ *vûçª ™ äé𠧃vû™ª  éπE°- çœ î- úª çø .) That is
the star is acting in the film as Kabali.
5) Does not arise = Out of the question (Ç
v°æ¨Ïo ûª™„-ûªhü¿’)
Cví¬s¥ç-AûÓ é¬E)
6) Straddled = Stand with your legs apart on
something (üËE-O’-üÁjØ√ È®çúø’ é¬∞¡Ÿx î√°œ
6) Nisi = An order which is to be followed
after certain conditions are met.
7) Mulki - An urdu word meaning a local.
EçîÓúøç.)
Q: Sir, please explain the following words in
English.
1) •÷V (≤ƒMúø’ ´©x Éçöx ´îËaC)
2) í∫’çúø’ (ûª©-F-™«©’ Ææ´’-Jpç-îªúøç ´©x ´îËaC)
A: 1) Cobweb
2) Tonsure one's head
Q: What is the difference between Date &
Dated?
A: Date = Day of the month, Dated = Of a
boy and his girl-friend meeting in privacy.
Q: Sir, éÀç-C-¢√é¬u©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™ éÀ ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
1) áçúø™  ÖØ√o´¤ Fúø-™ éÀ ®√.
2) ÉC éÌçîÁç °æô’d-éÓçúÕ.
A: 1) You are in the sun, come into the shade.
2) Hold it for a while.
- Malan Shareen Imran, Kothagudem.
- N. Srinivasulu, Adoni.
- V. Narasimha Rao, Ongole.
Q: Corruption affects the quality of social
life / lives of / in countries - Please correct it.
A: Corruption affects social life / Corruption
affects the lives of people - Correct.
Social refers to the society in general and
it is followed by life. (Singular = ≤ƒ-´÷->-éπ
Q: Sir, please explain the meaning of the following words with examples.
1) Formal education
2) Informal education
3) Non-formal education
A: Formal education is the regular education
one receives at educational institutions like
schools, colleges and universities. (§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-
Q: Sir, please explain the following sentences
with example.
1) Students have doubts, don't they?/
haven't they?
2) Students have asked doubts, haven't
they? / don't they?
3) You had a car, didn't you? / hadn't you?
A: Students have doubts, don't they?- Correct.
Here 'have' is the main verb. Have = do
have. Do is the helping verb, and in a question tag, the helping verb is used. So ....
don't they?' is correct. '.... haven't they?' is
correct if the verb is, Have + V3 (past participle)
Eg: They have gone, haven't they?, as it is
in your 2nd sentence: Students have
asked doubts, haven't they?
★ For the same reason given above, 'didn't
you?' is correct, because 'had' in the sentence is the main verb = did have. So 'did'
appears in the question tag.
-@-´-†ç)
Q: Earning money in honest way/ in the
honest way is always to be appreciated
/ is always appreciated. - Please clarify.
A: 'Earning money in an honest way is appreciated' and 'Earning money .... is to be
appreciated' - both are correct with slightly different meanings. Earning money in
an honest way is appreciated = We appreciate / Society appreciates earning money
in an honest way. Earning money in an
honest way is to be appreciated = We
should appreciate / society should appreciate earning money in an honest way.
Q: Proportion, Phenomenon and sustain Please explain.
A: Proportion = Number / quantity of something when compared with the whole.
(-E-≠æp-Ah)
★ Sustain = i) Make something continue
(éÌç-ûªé¬-©ç-§ƒ-ô’ éÌ-†≤ƒí∫-úøç / maintain for
some time (éÌç-ûªé¬-©ç-§ƒ-ô’ éÌ-†≤ƒÍí-C).
Eg: The picture (movie) sustained the
interest of the audience till only the interval (N®√-´’-Ææ-´’ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπ◊ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊© ÇÆæ-éÀhE Ç
ÆœE´÷ E©-°æ-í∫-L-TçC.)
ii) Support.
Eg: Oxygen sustains life.
- S.K. Sameer, Nandigama.
- Dimple, Vijayawada.
Q: Sir, please explain the following sentences
with example.
1) I was being taken
2) He is being taken
3) I was taken
4) He is taken
5) I shall have been written
A: 1) I was being taken (í∫ûªç™ ؈’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡x
•úø’ûª÷ ÖØ√o†’.) = Somebody was taking me (in the past) (á´®Ó ††’o BÆæ’-Èé∞¡⁄h
Q: Sir, please explain about inversion of the
verb in the following sentences.
1. There sits the beggar.
2. I imagine that he will be here soon.
3. I am remembering my parents. I think of
them everytime I hear that song.
A: 'Explain about' is wrong. Explain is not
followed by about, and so are describe,
discuss, mention, remark and state.
★ Inversion is the changing of the order of
words in a sentence, as in 'No sooner did he
come here' instead of saying 'No sooner he
came here'. Similarly, 'Dame (girl) beautiful' instead of 'beautiful dame'. There sits
the beggar (inversion) = The beggar sits
there (normal word order).
★ I am remembering my parents .... This is
Wrong. Remember is not used in the continuous tense. We say I remember my parents and I think of them every time I hear
that song.
ÖØ√o®Ω’ – í∫ûªç™)
2) He is being taken (Åûªúø’ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x •úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’
– É°æ¤púø’) = Somebody is taking him
(NOW) (á´®Ó ÅûªEo É°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o®Ω’)
3) Somebody took me (past) = (†ØÁo-´®Ó BÆæ’-Èé∞«x®Ω’ – í∫ûªç™)
4) Someone takes him (now / regularly ) (ÅûªØÁo-´®Ó BÆæ’-Èé-∞«h®Ω’ – É°æ¤púø’ / véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈)
5) This is meaningless - DEéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. DE
Å®Ωnç ؈’ ®√ߪ’-•-ú≈f†’ – ´’†ç ®√ߪ’-•úøç éπüΔ?
©©’, éπ∞«-¨»-©©’ ™«çöÀ-¢√-öÀ™ ©GμçîË Nü¿u.)
★ Informal education is the education one
gets without studying in any educational
institution but from one's experiences of
life and self-effort. Informal education is a
life-long process based on one's experiences of life. (§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©©’ ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™ x
é¬èπ◊çú≈ Ææyv°æ-ߪ’-ûªoçûÓ, @Nûª ņ’-¶μº-´çûÓ §ÒçüË
Nü¿u)
★ Non-formal education is the education one
gets through correspondence courses from
educational institutions. (ü¿÷®Ω Nü¿u)
Vocabulary
1. Mercy = Compassion / pity (ñ«L/ ü¿ßª’)
Eg: As the man was beating the boy, the
boy was begging for mercy.
Mercy × Cruelty / ill will (v- éı®Ωuç/ ü¿’®√t®Ωç_ )
2. Barbarous = Uncivilised / rude / brutal
4. Drizzle = Light rain falling in thin drops
(¢√† ûª’ç°æ®Ω.)
(ÅØ√-í∫-J-éπ-¢Á’i†)
Eg: In the past punishments given to children at school were barbarous.
Eg: The drizzle made us feel very pleasant. (¢√† ûª’ç°æ®Ω’x ´÷èπ◊ î√™« Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-
(í∫ûªç™ -§ƒ-®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x °œ©x© Péπ~©’ î√™«
ÅØ√-í∫-J-éπçí¬ ÖçúËN.)
Barbarous × Refined / cultured (Ææç≤ƒ\-®Ω´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†)
3. Instant = Immediate (ûªéπ~ùç)
Drizzle × Downpour
5. Relevant = Connected with what is being
discussed / what is written (Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†/
Eg: The instant dismissal of the student
shows his misbehaviour. (NüΔu-JnE
Eg: His advice to students was highly relevant. (Çߪ’† NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ É*a† Ææ©£æ…
ûªéπ~ùç §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-†’ç* °æç°œç-îË-ߪ’úøç ÅûªE
îÁúø’ †úø-´-úÕE ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ÚhçC.)
Instant × Delayed (Ç©-Ææu-¢Á’i†)
Relevant × Inappropriate / unconnected
®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o®·.)
Ææçü¿®Ωs¥¨¡ŸCl¥í¬ Ö†o.)
î√™« Ææçü¿-®Ós¥-*-ûªçí¬ ÖçC.)
(ÆæJ-é¬E/ Ææç•ç-üμ¿ç-™‰E)