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Magnitude
6
7
Magnitude
Depth
8
0
15
30
5
45
6
7
8
Magnitude
Depth
0
15
30
5
45
6
7
8
d) Outer Rise, Mw 7.6
Magnitude
Depth
0
15
30
5
45
C
A
B
MS
Depth (km)
0
50
100
150
A
146°E
B
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
Distance (km)
Depth (km)
142°E
144°E
15
0 A
20
40
60
80
-100
30
45
143°E
0
50
Distance (km)
B
D
37°N
35°N
140°E
B
-50
A
B
D
JT
JT
142°E
36°N
100
Depth (km)
38°N
38°N
D
JT
140°E
0
C
Ibaraki
38°N
36°N
Depth
8
39°N
A
B
D
7
37°N
C
C
A
6
JT
Fukushima
39°N
40°N
141°E
143°E
142°E
B
0 A
20
40
60
80
100
-150 -100 -50 0
50 100 150
Distance (km)
Depth (km)
5
c) Off Ibaraki, Mw 7.9
b) Foreshock, Mw 7.5
a) Mainshock, Mw 9.1
144°E
145°E
146°E
B
0 A
20
40
60
80
100
-150 -100 -50 0
50 100 150
Distance (km)
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