Physical and Electronic Structure Characterization of
Materials for Energy and MOS devices
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Overview
The search for advanced functional materials, whether to address the need for efficient energy
conversion and storage, or continue the downscaling of electronic devices, is the focus of many
leading laboratories around the world. Solid-state physics and chemistry play a vital role in the
development and application of new materials and provides an understanding of the electronic
structure of materials that is crucial to understanding the properties of the material. This determines
what we can do with new materials. For example, energy conversion and storage technologies or
modern MOS devices require semiconductor materials for which the characterization or
determination of their bandgap and band edge energy level alignment are of crucial importance. On
the other hand, novel semiconductors are made from many different elements, so to design the
required phase with the correct bandgap for instance, measurement of the electronic bonding
among the constituent elements provides important information for improving the synthesis
process. The research into these novel materials thus involves measurement of the electronic levels,
not only of the core levels, but also the valence and conduction states around the Fermi level of the
material. This course covers the basics of the electronic structure of materials and the experimental
techniques used. Specifically, the focus is on photoemission technique but briefly covers other
techniques such as inverse photoemission that probes empty density of states, and scanning probe
microscopies. Many aspects of modern electron spectrometers will be covered, and examples of
measurements will be given to understand the basic principles of the techniques. The module
delivery will be in the form of formal lectures combined with tutorials and will cover the following
topics:
1. A brief introduction and overview of condensed matter physics.
2. Electron energy bands and core levels in materials. Principle s of bandstructure, filled and empty
electron energy states. Valence and conduction band line-ups in heterostructures.
3. Physical principles of XPS, Angle resolved photoemission, Inverse photoemission .
4. Photoemission Spectroscopic Instrumentation for measuring energy levels in materials. UHV, Xray and UV sources, Electrostatic lenses and Electron energy analysers. Detailed consideration of
electrostatics of analysers, Brief introduction to Synchrotron based techniques.
5. Interpretation of XPS data with examples in energy materials interfaces in MOS devices.
6. Scanning probe microscopies for spectroscopic and physical characterization.
NB: Participants may request 1 Credit against successful completion of this course
Dates
You
Should
Attend
If…
Monday 19th December to Saturday 24th December
Fees
The pa rti ci pa ti on fees for ta ki ng the cours e i s a s fol l ows :
Participants from abroad : US $100
Industry/ Research Organizations: INR 5000/UG/PG students: INR 1500/Ph.D. students or above: INR 2000/The a bove fee includes all instructional materials. The pa rti ci pa nts
ma y be provided with budget accommoda ti on on pa yment ba s i s
upon a dva nce reques t.
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You have an interest in spectroscopic characterization of
materials and you are
a s ci entist, engineer or researcher in industry/a ca demi a a nd
R&D l a bora tori es
You a re a student at B.Tech./M.Sc./M.Tech./Ph.D. l evel
You a re a faculty member i n educational/academic i nstitute
The Faculty:
Dr. Vi n Dhanak is a graduate of Bristol University a nd Imperi a l
Col l ege London, where he di d hi s PhD work. He i s currentl y a
Rea der in Phys ics a nd a principal scientist in the Surface Sci ence
Res earch Center a nd the Stephenson Ins ti tute for Renewa bl e
Energy a t University of Li verpool, UK. This followed posi ti ons i n
the i ndustry developing spectroscopi c i ns trumenta ti on (19821990), res earch and development sci enti s t a t El l etra Si ncrotrone Tri es te (19901994) a nd Daresbury Synchrotron source (1994-2008). Si nce 2008 he i s ba s ed a t
Uni versity of Liverpool where he has bui l t a l a bora tory wi th s ta te of a rt s urfa ce
s ci ence instrumentation. He ha s over thi rty yea rs of experi ence i n s urfa ce a nd
na noscience, and related i nstrumentation a nd h a s publ i s hed over 200 res ea rch
pa pers i n the field. Dr Dhanak is a member of the Ins ti tute of Phys i cs (IoP) a nd
a s s oci a te member of the hi gher educa ti on a ca demy for hi s tea chi ng a t the
uni versity. He has designed a nd teaches core phys i cs modul es a t the uni vers i ty,
i ncl udi ng condens ed ma tter phys i cs , na nos ci ence a nd pra cti ca l phys i cs , a l l
a ccredi ted to the IoP.
Hi s research interests a re aligned a l ong cha ra cteri za ti on of novel ma teri a l s for
energy a nd MOS devi ces . Recent res ea rch hi ghl i ghts i ncl ude STM a nd LE ED
s tructural s tudies of TCOs (including In 2O3) which play a n essential role i n every PV
devi ce, band-lineup and i nterfa ce s tudi es of effi ci ency enha nci ng l a yers i n PV
devi ces, electronic a nd s tructural s tudies of surface a nd bul k a l l oys of ma teri a l s
s uch a s Te/Cu a nd Bi/Ag that are relevant to i nterface studies of the ba ck -conta cts
i n PV devi ces, interface a nd band line-up s tudies on high-k s ta cks on Ge a nd Si O 2,
a nd characterization of materials for super-capacitor and fuel cel l energy s tora ge
devi ces, a nd photocatalysis. He has also made STM a nd photoemiss i on s tudi es of
orga nic-inorga ni c i nterfa ces whi ch broa dl y pl a y a centra l rol e i n the fi el d of
mol ecul a r el ectroni cs a nd mol ecul a r s el f- a s s embl y.
Course Co-ordinator
Dr. Amit K. Chakraborty
Phone: +91 9434 788 137
E-ma il: a [email protected]
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For regi stration vi sit
Dr. Amit K. Chakraborty i s a n As sociate Profes s or of Na ti ona l
Ins titute of Technol ogy, Durga pur. He recei ved hi s PhD from
http://www.gian.iitkgp.ac.in/GREG
Uni vers i ty of Notti ngha m (U.K.) i n 2005. He then worked a s
N/i ndex
Res earch As soci a te a t Durha m Uni vers i ty duri ng 2005-2008,
a nd a t Empa, Swiss Federal laboratories for Ma terials Science &
Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland duri ng 2008-2010 before
joi ni ng NIT Durga pur a s As s oci a te Profes s or i n 2010. Hi s
res earch i nterest is ca rbon based nanostructures (gra phene, ca rbon Na notubes )
a nd their composites with metal oxides, polymers, etc. for a pplications i n solar photovoltaics, s upercapacitors, a nd others .