Arthropod Management Tests 2013, Vol. 38
doi: 10.4182/amt.2013.A4
(A4)
APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Law Rome’
EFFECT OF AN ADJUVANT ON CONTROL OF BROWN MARMORATED STINK AND OTHER PESTS IN
APPLE, 2012
J. Christopher Bergh
Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center
Virginia Tech
595 Laurel Grove Road
Winchester, VA 22602
Phone: (540) 869-2560 Ext. 32
Fax: (540) 869-0862
Email: [email protected]
Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB): Halyomorpha halys (Stål)
Plum curculio (PC); Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)
Tarnished plant bug (TPB); Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)
San Jose scale (SJS): Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)
Twospotted spider mite (TSM): Tetranychus urticae Koch
European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch)
Predatory mite (ZM): Zetzellia mali (Ewing)
Predatory mite (AF): Amblyseius fallacis (Garman)
Leafrollers (LR): Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), Platynota ideausalis (Walker), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker)
Residual activity of the insecticides used against brown marmorated stink bug in apple orchards is considered an important
component of program effectiveness. A trial comparing the effectiveness of a program with and without an adjuvant against
BMSB and other key pests was conducted in a 1.3 acre block of 28-yr-old ‘Law Rome’ apples on M.111 rootstock, planted
at a spacing of 20 x 24 ft. Programs were assigned to two-tree plots, replicated five times in a RCB.
Sprays were applied with a Swanson Model DA-400 air-blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 3 mph. Complete
sprays were used through petal-fall; thereafter, alternate-row-middle sprays were applied at about 7-d intervals. The
adjuvant, LI-700, was used in each spray in one program beginning at 1C (6 May) (Table 1). Elemax (1.5 qt/acre) was
applied to the entire block on seven occasions to minimize cork spot that could be confused with internal injury from
BMSB. Retain (167 g/acre) plus Fruitone (4 oz/acre) and Regulaid (8 oz/acre) were applied to all test trees on 7 Sept to
reduce fruit drop.
Mite populations were assessed on three occasions, using samples brushed from 25 leaves per plot. Due to considerable
variation in fruit set within the block and a light crop in some plots, in-season evaluations of fruit injury were not
conducted. A harvest evaluation on 27 Sep was based on 50 fruit from each two-tree plot, including fruit from mid- and
upper canopy. Fruit were initially examined for injury from pests other than BMSB. A second inspection specifically
targeted external and internal BMSB injury, including cutting fruit in thin sections to the core. Raw or transformed data
were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher’s Protected LSD; all comparisons were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Neither program incited spider mite populations (Table 2). On 16 Jun, there were no statistical differences between the
programs and the untreated checks in the number of ZM or AF recorded (Table 3). ZM counts were significantly higher in
the untreated checks than in both programs on 13 August. On 16 Jul, AF counts in both programs were significantly lower
than in the untreated plots, but not different from each other. The difference between the programs and the check was not
detected in AF densities on 13 Aug (Table 3). At harvest on 27 Sep, injury from TPB and PC was relatively light and not
different between the programs and the untreated checks (Table 4). The number of fruit infested by SJS was significantly
lower in both programs than the untreated checks. Injury from the leafroller complex was very light, as has occurred in
recent years. Although the program with LI-700 showed significantly reduced numbers of stings from CM and OFM, deep
entries from those species were not different between the programs, but significantly lower than in the untreated plots. Both
programs significantly reduced BMSB injury compared with the untreated checks. The addition of LI-700 to sprays did not
significantly reduce BMSB injury. Overall, a significantly greater percentage of clean fruit was recorded at harvest from
both programs than from the untreated checks, with numerically best response from the program with LI-700 (Table 4).
1
Arthropod Management Tests 2013, Vol. 38
doi: 10.4182/amt.2013.A4
This research was supported by industry gifts of pesticides.
Table 1.
Treatment/formulation
Lorsban Advanced + oil
Calypso 4F
Endigo ZC
Altacor 35WG + Lannate 90SP + LI-700
Altacor 35WG + Thionex 3EC + LI-700
Belay 2.13SC +LI-700
Thionex 3EC + LI-700
Endigo ZC + LI-700
Brigade 10WSB + LI-700
Scorpion 35SL + LI-700
Lorsban Advanced + oil
Calypso 4F
Endigo ZC
Altacor 35WG + Lannate 90SP
Altacor 35WG + 3Thionex EC
Belay 2.13SC
Thionex 3EC
Brigade 10WSB
Scorpion 35SL
Untreated control
Amt/acre
Dates of application
3 pt +1 gal
3floz
5.5 fl oz
3oz +12oz + 2 pt
3 oz + 1.33 qt + 2 pt
6 fl oz + 2 pt
1.33 qt + 2 pt
5.5 fl oz + 2 pt
24 oz + 2 pt
8 fl oz + 2 pt
3 pt + 1 gal
3floz
5.5 fl oz
3 oz + 12 oz
3 oz + 1.33 qt
6floz
1.33 qt
24 oz
8floz
22 Mar
3 Apr
25 Apr
6& 12 May
18 & 25 May
31 May, 7, 14&21 Jun
28 Jun &5 Jul
12 & 19 Jul
25 Jul , 2 Aug, 6& 13Sep
8, 16, 23 & 30 Aug
22 Mar
3 Apr
25 Apr, 12 & 19 Jul
6& 12 May
18 & 25 May
31 May, 7, 14&21 Jun
28 Jun & 5 Jul
25 Jul, 2 Aug, 6& 13 Sep
8, 16, 23 & 30 Aug
All pre-bloom sprays and the petal-fall spray were as complete applications. All sprays from
1C onward were as alternate-row-middle applications at about 7-d intervals.
Table 2.
Spider mites/leaf
Program
With LI-700
Without LI-700
Untreated control
16 Jun
16 Jul
13 Aug
ERM
TSM
ERM
TSM
ERM
TSM
0.00a
0.16a
0.03a
0.00a
0.00a
0.02a
0.09a
0.11a
0.30a
0.11a
0.09a
0.01a
0.49a
0.57a
0.12a
0.57a
0.32ab
0.01b
Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P > 0.05)
according to according to ANOVA and Fisher’s Protected LSD.
Table 3.
Predatory mites/leaf
Program
With LI-700
Without LI-700
Untreated control
16 Jun
16 Jul
13 Aug
ZM
AF
ZM
AF
ZM
AF
0.02a
0.00a
0.02a
0.00a
0.02a
0.02a
0.00a
0.00a
0.01a
0.13b
0.06b
0.51a
0.01b
0.01b
0.11a
0.30a
0.27a
0.41a
Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P > 0.05)
according to according to ANOVA and Fisher’s Protected LSD.
Table 4.
No. fruit with specified injury (50 fruit/tree)
Program
TPB
PC
SJS
LR
With LI-700
Without LI-700
Untreated control
0.60a
0.60a
0.20a
0.40a
1.00a
1.80a
0.80b
0.60b
8.60a
0.00a
0.20a
0.40a
CM/OFM CM/OFM BMSB % clean
sting
entry
1.00b
3.80a
0.00b
2.60b
3.00b
17.40a
0.80b
2.20b
6.80a
93.80a
88.60a
64.80b
Means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P > 0.05) according to
according to ANOVA and Fisher’s Protected LSD.
2