ISSUE 6 | JUNE 2015 ispinews In This Issue: Editorial: Setting the Tone and Making an Impact 6 Clinical Conference 2015 Therapeutic Pain Specialist Announcement Course Schedule 2015 Research: The short term effects of preoperative neuroscience education for lumbar radiculopathy Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic pain Altered cortical processing of observed pain in fibromyalgia syndrome patients A multi-faceted workplace intervention for LBP in nurses’ aides Single-point but not tonic cuff pressure pain sensitivity is associated with level of physical fitness Cost-utility of cognitive behavioral therapy for LBP from the commercial payer perspective Setting the Tone and Making an Impact Having worked with Adriaan and Colleen for five years - not only for the International Spine & Pain Institute but also in the Ortho Spine & Pain Clinic - I have learned a lot. The Ortho Spine & Pain Clinic is small; Colleen is the primary physical therapist and Adriaan sees patients around his travel schedule. We see just a few patients a day. For most of you – that probably sounds either like heaven…or you can’t image how it would work. I know you alone are probably seeing 20+ patients a day. No matter the size of the clinic the bottom line is the same – every person that has contact with the patient impacts the patient. Patient load is just one of many things that make our clinic unique. We educate all our patients with Therapeutic Neuroscience Education from the first phone call to their final discharge. It doesn’t matter if that patient comes to us with a sprained ankle or is someone who cannot go outside because even the slightest breeze on her face is excruciating; education is vital to success. I said we and I mean it. I am not a physical therapist and am not behind the closed door of the treatment room but my job as the clinic manager/receptionist/anythingmy-physical-therapists-or-patients-needperson is important, too. I play a role. I influence patients. My tone of voice and the way I respond to our patients makes an impact on them. If I gasp at their situation or agree that their circumstance is terrible I am feeding their fear. I must be empathetic and caring, but careful not to exacerbate their fear. Before they walk in the door the first time we want to reduce their stress by checking on insurance coverage, getting them directions, sending their intake forms, etc. Many of our patients have commented on the personal touch they receive before they arrive. I help set the tone for their office visits. A smile and welcome goes a long way to someone who is hurting. Opening the door, offering a beverage or magazine while continued on next page Sheryl Clark ISPI General Manager ispinstitu te . com 1 Setting the Tone continued from page 1 they wait, or making small talk helps ease anxiety in our clients. Plus I get to meet some amazing people, hear wonderful stories and make some really interesting friends. I maybe have 2-5 minutes with our patients but those minutes can make a difference. It is amazing what eye contact and a reassuring smile can do. At our clinic, patients usually leave the treatment room laughing or at least smiling. They may be sore or tired but they are generally in a good mood. I guess the guy with the funny accent is pretty humorous and Colleen is great at connecting and building relationships. It is important I not bring down the mood or if the mood isn’t so great, I have the opportunity to be encouraging and uplifting. If I’ve done my job right before their first visit and when they come in, I can figure out the right way to support them. Sometimes a patient will ask me follow up questions or “What do you think about…” after the therapist is out of the room. I am very careful to remind them that I am not a physical therapist and say, “That is a great question, let me go get Adriaan or Colleen.” They are pleased to have a few extra minutes to clarify something and I didn’t give them incorrect information. Often times they just want to go over their experience in the treatment room and I’m happy to listen. Before our patients leave, I confirm that they have our number and remind them to please call or stop in if they have questions or are unsure of anything. They rarely do this but it is a nice way to let them know we have time for them. I’m the last face they see on the way out and I want it to be as reassuring as possible that they are in good hands. You may be saying, that is great Sheryl, but you don’t understand my clinic. We are running from patient to patient, the phones are constantly ringing, the people in the front don’t care about what we do in the back, and we hardly have enough staff to keep our heads above water. I will tell you – you’re right – I’m not in your clinic but I truly believe if your whole team will practice delivering a consistent message about therapy your patients will have better results. If you close the door to your treatment room with a patient who has less anxiety and is relaxed, I believe they will have better outcomes. If your patient leaves your clinic with a smile on their face, feeling like someone cares about them, I believe they will have better outcomes. You have the power to influence your whole team by including them in the conversation, teaching the consistent message that education is therapy and giving value to everyone that has patient contact. I would love to hear what you are doing in your clinic to improve patient outcomes as a team. Education is Therapy Everyone Has Back Pain Neuroscience Education for Patients with Back Pain Adriaan Louw, Timothy Flynn and Emilio Puentedura have released a new patient education book entitled Everyone Has Back Pain, Neuroscience Education for Patients with Back Pain. The book examines typical myths surrounding back pain and provides patients with easy-to-apply strategies for calming their nerves, lessening their pain and regaining control of their lives. Everyone Has Back Pain will officially be launched at the upcoming ISPI Conference June 19-21. It will be available for purchase online, along with Adriaan Louw’s other patient and clinician books, at OPTP.com. LAUNCHING AT THE ISPI CLINICAL CONFERENCE JUNE 19-21 IN MINNEAPOLIS! 800.367.7393 | OPTP.COM ispinstitu te . com 2 The short term effects of preoperative neuroscience education for lumbar radiculopathy: A case series International J Spine Surgery May 2015; Volume 9 Article 11 Adriaan Louw, PT, PhD, Ina Diener, PT, PhD, Emilio J. Puentedura, PT, DPT, PhD BACKGROUND: Recently a preoperative pain neuroscience education (NE) program was developed for lumbar surgery (LS) for radiculopathy as a means to decrease postoperative pain and disability. This study attempts to determine the short term effects, if any, of providing NE before surgery on patient outcomes. METHODS: A case series of 10 patients (female = 7) received preoperative one-on-one educational session by a physical therapist on the neuroscience of pain, accompanied by an evidence-based booklet, prior to LS for radiculopathy. Postintervention data was gathered immediately after NE, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months following LS. Primary outcome measures were Pain Catastrophization Scale (PCS), forward flexion, straight leg raise (SLR) and beliefs regarding LS. RESULTS: Immediately following NE for LS for radiculopathy, all patients had lower PCS scores, with 5 patients exceeding the MDC score of 9.1 and 8 of the patients had PCS change scores exceeding the MDC by the 1, 3 and 6 month follow ups. Physical changes showed that fingertip-to-floor test in 6 patients had changes in beyond the MDC of 4.5 cm and 6 patients had changes in SLR beyond the MDC of 5.7°. The main finding, however, indicated a positive and more realistic shift in expectations regarding pain after the impending LS by all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the case series suggest that immediately after NE, patients scheduled for LS for radiculopathy had meaningful detectable changes in pain catastrophizing, fingertip-to-floor test, passive SLR and positive shifts in their beliefs about LS. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A New Treatment for Chronic Pain? Pain Pract. 2015 May 19 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment providing 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than that at sea level. HBOT is becoming increasingly recognized as a potential treatment modality for a broad range of ailments, including chronic pain. In this narrative review, we discuss the current understanding of pathophysiology of nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the body of animal studies addressing mechanisms by which HBOT may ameliorate these different types of pain. Finally, we review clinical studies suggesting that HBOT may be useful in treating chronic pain syndromes, including chronic headache, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, and trigeminal neuralgia. DATABASE AND DATA TREATMENT: A comprehensive search through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies relating to HBOT and pain was performed using the following keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy or hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT), nociceptive pain, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, HBOT AND pain, HBOT AND headache, HBOT AND fibromyalgia, HBOT AND complex regional pain syndrome, and HBOT AND trigeminal neuralgia. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies examining the role of HBOT in animal models of pain and human clinical trials were found and reviewed for this narrative review. CONCLUSIONS: HBOT has been shown to reduce pain using animal models. Early clinical research indicates HBOT may also be useful in modulating human pain; however, further studies are required to determine whether HBOT is a safe and efficacious treatment modality for chronic pain conditions. ispinstitu te . com 3 Altered cortical processing of observed pain in fibromyalgia syndrome patients. J Pain. 2015 May 12 Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by widespread chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disorders and cognitive-emotional disturbance. FMS patients exhibit increased sensitivity to experimental pain and pain-related cues, as well as deficits in emotional regulation. The present study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of brain activations for observed pain in 19 FMS patients and 18 age-matched, healthy control subjects using event-related potential (ERP) analysis. Fibromyalgia patients attributed greater pain and unpleasantness to pain pictures relative to healthy control participants. An augmented late positive potential (LPP) component (>500 ms) was found in patients during both pain and non-pain pictures, and this amplitude difference in the LPP covaried with perceived unpleasantness of pictures. Mid-latency potentials (250-450 ms) demonstrated similar amplitude increases of positive potentials in the FMS patient group. By contrast, the short-latency positive potential (140 ms) was reduced in FMS patients relative to healthy control participants. Results suggest amplitude increases to mid-long latency cortical activations in FMS patients, which are known to reflect emotional control and motivational salience of stimuli. PERSPECTIVE: FMS patients demonstrate increased activations for pain and non-pain pictures. The findings suggest that even innocuous, everyday visual stimuli with somatic connotations may challenge the emotional state of FMS patients. Our study points towards the importance of cognitive-emotional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of FMS. A multi-faceted workplace intervention for low back pain in nurses’ aides: a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2015 May 16 The present study established the effectiveness of a workplace multifaceted intervention consisting of participatory ergonomics, physical training and cognitive behavioral training for low back pain. Between November 2 0 1 2 and May 2014, we conducted a pragmatic steppedwedge cluster-randomized controlled trial with 594 workers from eldercare workplaces (nursing homes and home care) randomized to four successive time periods, three months apart. The intervention lasted 12 weeks and consisted of 19 sessions in total (physical training (12 sessions), cognitive behavioural training (2 sessions) and participatory ergonomics (5 sessions)). Low back pain was the outcome and was measured as days, intensity (worst pain on a 0-10 numeric rank scale) and bothersomeness (days) by monthly text messages. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the intervention effect. Analyses were performed according to intention to treat, including all eligible randomized participants and were adjusted for baseline values of the outcome. The linear mixed models yielded significant effects on low back pain days of -0.8 (95% confidence interval -1.19 to -0.38), low back pain intensity of -0.4 (95% confidence interval -0.60 to -0.26) and bothersomeness days of -0.5 (95% confidence interval -0.85 to -0.13) after the intervention compared to the control group. This study shows that a multi-faceted intervention consisting of participatory ergonomics, physical training and cognitive behavioral training can reduce low back pain among workers in eldercare. Thus, multi-faceted interventions may be relevant for improving low back pain in a working population. ispinstitu te . com 4 Single-point but not tonic cuff pressure pain sensitivity is associated with level of physical fitness - a study of non-athletic healthy subjects. PLoS One. 2015 May 1;10(5) Exercise is often used for pain rehabilitation but the link between physical activity level and pain sensitivity is still not fully understood. Pressure pain sensitivity to cuff algometry and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were evaluated in highly active men (n=22), normally active men (n=26), highly active women (n=27) and normally active women (n=23) based on the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Cuff pressure pain sensitivity was assessed at the arm and lower leg. The subjects scored the pain intensity on an electronic Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during ten minutes with 25 kPa constant cuff pressure and two minutes with zero pressure. The maximal VAS score and area under the VAS-curve were extracted. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were recorded by manual pressure algometry on the ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle before, during and after the tonic arm stimulation. Tonic cuff stimulation of the arm and leg resulted in higher VAS peak scores in women compared with men (p<0.04). In all groups the PPTs were reduced during and after the cuff stimulation compared with baseline (p=0.001). PPT were higher in men compared with women (p=0.03) and higher in highly physical active compared with normal active (p=0.048). Besides the well-known gender difference in pressure pain sensitivity this study demonstrates that a high physical fitness degree in non-athletic subjects is associated with increased pressure pain thresholds but does not affect cuff pressure pain sensitivity in healthy people. Cost-Utility of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Low Back Pain From the Commercial Payer Perspective Spine: 15 May 2015 - Volume 40 - Issue 10 - p 725–733 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the costutility of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of persistent nonspecific low back pain (LBP) from the perspective of US commercial payers. CBT is widely deemed clinically effective for LBP treatment. The evidence is suggestive of costeffectiveness. METHODS: We constructed and validated a Markov intention-to-treat model to estimate the cost-utility of CBT, with 1-year and 10-year time horizons. We applied likelihood of improvement and utilities from a randomized controlled trial assessing CBT to treat LBP. The trial randomized subjects to treatment but subjects freely sought health care services. We derived the cost of equivalent rates and types of services from US commercial claims for LBP for a similar population. For the 10-year estimates, we derived recurrence rates from the literature. The base case included medical and pharmaceutical services and assumed gradual loss of skill in applying CBT techniques. Sensitivity analyses assessed the distribution of service utilization, utility values, and rate of LBP recurrence. We compared health plan designs. Results are based on 5000 iterations of each model and expressed as an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year. RESULTS: The incremental costutility of CBT was $7197 per qualityadjusted life-year in the first year and $5855 per quality-adjusted lifeyear over 10 years. The results are robust across numerous sensitivity analyses. No change of parameter estimate resulted in a difference of more than 7% from the base case for either time horizon. Including chiropractic and/or acupuncture care did not substantively affect costeffectiveness. The model with medical but no pharmaceutical costs was more cost-effective ($5238 for 1 yr and $3849 for 10 yr). CONCLUSION: CBT is a costeffective approach to manage chronic LBP among commercial health plans members. Cost-effectiveness is demonstrated for multiple plan designs. ispinstitu te . com 5 ISPI Clinical Conference 2015: Every Joint has a Brain June 19, 20 & 21, 2015 Hilton Minneapolis/Bloomington, MN Friday June 19 Keynote: The Brain, Blobs and Pain—The Pain Neuromatrix, Adriaan Louw Saturday June 20 Keynote: Lower Extremity Biomechanics: The Brain and Motor Control, Chris Powers • Video Analysis of Lower Extremity Biomechanics, Chris Powers • The Frozen Shoulder Has a Brain, Paul Mintken • Examination and Treatment of Trigger Points for the Lower Quarter, Cesar Fernández de las Penas/Louie Puentedura • Arms, Tunnels, Pain and Therapy, Steve Schmidt SOLD OUT • The Foot: Use it or Lose it, Steve Forbush/Colleen Louw Keynote: Trigger Points and a Sensitive Nervous System, C. Fernández de las Penas Keynote: Headaches and Facial Pain, Ina Deiner • The Foot: Use it or Lose it, Steve Forbush/Colleen Louw • The Neck Turns the Head...or Does It?, Ina Diener SOLD OUT • Examination and Treatment of Trigger Points for the Lower Quarter, Cesar Fernández de las Penas/Louie Puentedura • Arms, Tunnels, Pain and Therapy, Steve Schmidt SOLD OUT • The Frozen Shoulder Has a Brain, Paul Mintken SOLD OUT Keynote: Central Sensitivity 101, Steve Schmidt Sunday June 21 • Therapeutic Neuroscience Education and the Brain, Adriaan Louw • Treating the Low Back Via the Brain, Louie Puentedura • Examination and Treatment of Trigger Points for the Upper Quarter, Cesar Fernández de las Penas • Pelvic Pain: What Every Therapist Needs to Know, Sandy Hilton • Investigating and Treating the Triad: Shoulder, Neck and Thoracic Spine, Paul Mintken SOLD OUT www.ispinstitute.com ispinstitu te . com 6 We Would Like to Thank Our Conference Sponsors: Has Anyone Seen Louis Gifford? In 2014 we dedicated our conference to Louis Gifford. Louis was truly a pioneer and as part of his legacy he left us with a stunning 3-book series called Aches and Pains. This is a must read for anyone treating people in pain. As soon as the books arrived, two eager PT’s wanted to read it at the same time and before you know…the books were scattered everywhere. Not until recent, I realized I saw Louis’ books in different places throughout my day. (I am sure he’s behind it!). So, I thought I’d share the location of Louis’ books in and around the Louw household: 1. IN MY OFFICE ON A CHAIR (AS WE BUILD OUR PAIN CURRICULUM) 2. IN COLLEEN’S CAR ON THE DASHBOARD (FOR BALL GAMES AND 3. ON THE FLOOR IN THE BEDROOM (SOOTHING PAIN STORIES BEFORE BED) ROAD TRIPS) ispinstitu te . com 7 THERAPEUTIC PAIN SPECIALIST THERAPEUTIC PAINAPPROACH SPECIALIST AN INTERDISCIPLINARY AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Neurodynamics Neurodynamics Too Hot To Handle Too Hot To Handle Therapeutic Therapeutic Neuroscience Neuroscience Education Education 6 weeks online 3 weeks online 6 weeks online 3 weeks online DAY 1: Lab for Neurodynamics DAY 1: Lab for Neurodynamics DAY 2: Lab for Too Hot2:To Handle DAY Lab for andTo TNE Too Hot Handle and TNE 2 day intensive 3 weeks online 2 day intensive 3 weeks online Neuroscience America isTherapeutic in pain. Current data indicatesEducation: 100 million people in the US Teaching People About Pain Neuroscience Education: suffer from Therapeutic some form of persistent pain - despite injections, surgery and DAY 1: Focus on Function-TNE DAY 1: Focus on Function-TNE DAY 2: Focus on Function Labs on and DAY 2: Focus Practical FunctionApplication Labs and Practical Application Neurodynamics Neurodynamics Everything Hurts Everything Hurts 2 day intensive 2 day intensive In Partnership With In Partnership With Perioperative Neuroscience Perioperative Education Neuroscience Education Business of Chronic BusinessPain of Chronic Pain 3 weeks online 3 weeks online In the US, over 100 million people suffer from chronic pain resulting in an increase in the prescription surgery, medical tests andinimaging In US, overmedication 100 millionuse, people sufferinjections, from chronic pain resulting an increase in prescription medication use, surgery, injections, medical tests and imaging THERAPEUTIC PAI Teaching People About Pain opioid medications increasing at alarming rates. The evidence for therapeuA Study of isNeurodynamics: tic approaches in treating people with pain ever-increasing, resulting in AN INTERDISCIPLINAR The Body’s Living Alarm System A Study of treatments such as therapeutic neuroscienceNeurodynamics: education, graded motor imThe Body’s Living Alarm System agery, pacing, graded exposure and more. In line with these developments, Too Hot to Handle: Current best-evidence shows that Therapeutic Neuroscience Education improves the International Spine and Pain Institute (ISPI) Desensitizing Hyper-Sensitive Patientlaunched a pain certification Current Too Hot totheHandle: pain ratings, function, physical movement and cost of healthcare utilization. DAY 1: Lab for best-evidence shows that Therapeutic Neuroscience Education improves for physicalDesensitizing therapists inthe January, called Therapeutic Pain Specialist (TPS). Neurodynamics Hyper-Sensitive Patient pain ratings, function, physical movement and cost of healthcare utilization. Neurodynamics Therapeutic Subsequently, ISPI partnered with EvidenceEverything in Motion (EIM) to take on pain Hurts: Neuroscience Too Hot DAY 2: Lab for in America. ISPIEducation and EIMand have reworked the TPS certification and will reExercise for Widespread Pain andHurts: Fatigue Everything To Handle Too Hot To Handle Education launch this exciting program September 1, 2015. Our July newsletter will feaIn Partnership Education and Exercise for Widespread Pain and Fatigue Withand TNE ture all the details of the new TPS certification. As we finalize the program, AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Focus on Function: Changing PainFunction: -Related Behavior we want to give you on some preliminary information: Focus THERAPEUTIC PAIN SPECIALIST Changing Pain -Related Behavior 6 weeks online 3 weeks online 2 day intensive Physical Therapists PT Assistants Neuroscience Education: DAY 1:PT Focus on Perioperative »» TPS will bePerioperative a true interdisciplinary pain certification, Physical Therapists Therapists Function-TNE OT Assistants Assistants Neuroscience Preemptive Pain Education for Surgery DAY 1: Lab for Occupational Neurodynamics Neurodynamics Perioperative Neuroscience Education: open to Therapeutic various healthcare providers including but NeurodynamicsOccupational Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Therapists OT Assistants Medical Doctors Doctors of Osteopathy Preemptive Pain Education for Surgery Education Teaching People About Pain not limited to, physical therapists, physical therapist Neuroscience Too Hot Everything Hurts Medical Doctors Doctors DAY 2:Nurses Focus onof Osteopathy DAY 2: Lab for Nurse Practicioners Business of Chronic Pain: assistants, occupational therapists, occupationalToo theraBusiness of Strategies for of Success Function Labs and Hot To Handle Education Business Chronic Pain: To Handle Nurse Practicioners Physician Assistants APractical Psychologists and more... StudyNurses of Neurodynamics: Chronic Pain Application and TNE pist assistants, Strategies formedical Success doctors, doctors of osteopathy, Physician Assistants more... ThePsychologists Body’s Living Alarmand System nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and 6 weeks online 3 weeks online 2 day intensive 3 weeks online 2 day intensive 3 weeks online psychologists. Too Hot to Handle: »» TPS will feature a blended format of classes with online In the US, over Desensitizing thepeople Hyper-Sensitive 100 million suffer fromPatient chronic pain resulting in an increase in prescription medication use, surgery, injections, medical tests and imaging material as well as two weekend intensive hands-on Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Everything Hurts: classesTeaching People About Pain Education and Exercise for Widespread Pain and Fatigue »» TPS will provide oversight and mentoring by faculty speA Study of Neurodynamics: cializing in pain neuroscience Focus on Function: The Body’s Living Alarm System »» TPS Courses include* Changing Pain -Related Behavior • Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Teaching PeoToo Hot to Handle: Current best-evidence shows that Therapeutic Neuroscience Education improves pleDesensitizing About Pain Perioperative Neuroscience Education: the Hyper-Sensitive Patient pain ratings, function, physical movement and cost of healthcare utilization. Preemptive Pain Education for Surgery • A Study of Neurodynamics: The Body’s Living Alarm System Everything Hurts: Business of Chronic Pain: Education and Exercise for Widespread the Pain and Fatigue • Too Hot to Handle: Desensitizing Hyper-SensiStrategies for Success tive Patient Focus onHurts: Function: • Everything Education and Exercise for WideChanging Pain -Related Behavior spread Pain and Fatigue Physical Therapists PT Assistants • Focus on Function: Changing Pain-Related Behaviors Perioperative Neuroscience Education: Occupational Therapists OT Assistants Preemptive Pain Education forPreemptive Surgery • Perioperative Neuroscience Education: Medical Doctors Doctors of Osteopathy Pain Education for Surgery Business of Chronic Pain: Nurse Practicioners Nurses • Business of Chronic Pain: Strategies for Success Strategies for Success Physician Assistants Psychologists and more... In the US, in prescrip Current be pain rating *Credit may be granted for past ISPI pain classes that are included in the TPS curriculum ispinstitu te . com 8 Physi Occup Medic Nurse Physi 2015 Course Schedule Friday June 19 Too Hot to Handle: Desensitizing the Hypersensitive Patient Bloomington, MN Fri/Sat/Sun Jun 19-22 The Clinical Conference: Every Joint Has a Brain Bloomington, MN Sat/Sun Jun 27 & 28 Spinal Manipulation I: A Physical Therapy Approach Flower Mound, TX Sat/Sun Aug 15 & 16 The Thoracic Spine: A Manual Therapy and Pain Science Approach Tulsa, OK Fri/Sat/Sun Aug 21-23 Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Educating Patients About Pain Santiago, Chile Sat/Sun Sep 26 & 27 The Lumbar Spine: A Manual Therapy and Pain Science Approach Des Moines, IA Sat/Sun Sep 26 & 27 Therapeutic Neuroscience Education I: Educating Patients About Pain Spartanburg, SC Saturday October 3 Too Hot to Handle: Desensitizing a Hypersensitive Patient Kansas City, MO Sunday October 4 Preoperative Therapeutic Neuroscience Education Kansas City, MO Sat/Sun Oct 10 & 11 A Study of Neurodynamics: The Body’s Living Alarm Philadelphia, PA Sat/Sun Oct 10 & 11 The Upper Quadrant: A Differential Diagnosis Approach to Manual Therapy Liberty, MO Sat/Sun Oct 17 & 18 The Lumbar Spine: A Manual Therapy and Pain Science Approach Woodbury, MN Sat/Sun Oct 24 & 25 Elbow, Wrist and Hand, Differential Diagnosis & Management Flower Mound, TX Sat/Sun Oct 31 & Nov 1 Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Teaching People About Pain Fountain Valley, CA Sat/Sun Nov 7 & 8 Spinal Manipulation I: A Physical Therapy Approach Ashburn, VA Sat/Sun Nov 14 & 15 The Lower Quadrant: A Differential Diagnosis Approach to Manual Therapy Carroll, IA Sat/Sun Dec 5 & 6 Spinal Manipulation I: A Phsical Therapy Approach Story City, IA Sat/Sun Dec 5 & 6 Focus on Function: Changing Pain-Related Behavior Bloomington, MN Sat/Sun Dec 12 & 13 The Cervical Spine: A Manual Therapy & Pain Science Approach Story City, IA Courses are still being scheduled, keep checking back if you don’t see what you are looking for! If you are interested in hosting a one or two-day class at your facility, contact us. Education is Therapy…
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