泛美国际
Name_
Date
• A na l o g i e s 1
Level 6
Directions: Choose the pair of words that
best express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Then write the bridge
sentence(s) to the right.
Example:
Bridge Type: Degree
#) FASCINATING : INTERESTING
A)
B)
C)
D)
A finger is part of a hand.
A leaf is part of a tree.
amazing : incredible
serious : grave
crucial : important
strange : weird
Bridge Type: Characteristic
1) ATHLETE : FIT
A)
B)
C)
D)
chef : fat
dog : energetic
priest : religious
dancer : intelligent
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of an athlete is to be fit.
A characteristic of a
_.
is to be
Bridge Type: Function
2) MICROWAVE : HEAT
A)
B)
C)
D)
refrigerator : cool
freezer : cook
sink : organize
fireplace : destroy
Bridge Sentence:
The function of a microwave is to heat food.
The function of a
food.
is to
Bridge Type: Characteristic
3) COMEDY : FUNNY
A)
B)
C)
D)
mystery : boring
drama : romantic
tragedy : sad
newspaper : expensive
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of a comedy is to be funny.
A characteristic of a
_.
is to be
Bridge Type: Definition
4) BROTHER : SIBLING
A)
B)
C)
D)
mother : daughter
doctor : nurse
uncle : aunt
father : parent
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Bridge Sentence:
A brother is, by definition, a sibling.
A
is, by definition, a
_.
1
Bridge Type: Degree
5) HUMILIATED : EMBARRASSED
A)
B)
C)
D)
shy : timid
enraged : angry
sad : upset
excited : anxious
Bridge Sentence:
Someone who is humiliated is very embarrassed.
Someone who is
_.
is very
Bridge Type: Other
6) TRAIN : RAILROAD
A)
B)
C)
D)
boat : mountain
helicopter : cloud
truck : highway
wagon : wheel
Bridge Sentence:
A train travels on a railroad.
A
travels on a
_.
Bridge Type: Lack
7) SKEPTICAL : BELIEF
A)
B)
C)
D)
unpopular : wealth
homeless : shelter
polite : power
nervous : stress
Bridge Sentence:
Someone who is skeptical lacks belief.
.
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
8) OPTIMISM : PESIMISSM
A)
B)
C)
D)
success : failure
food : hunger
motivation : dedication
maturity : youth
Bridge Sentence:
Optimism is the opposite of pessimism.
.
Bridge Type: Function
9) SUNSCREEN : SKIN
A)
B)
C)
D)
magic : children
grass : house
armor : body
faith : country
Bridge Sentence:
Sunscreen is used to protect the skin.
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
10) SPAGHETTI : PASTA
A)
B)
C)
D)
ketchup : condiment
lettuce : sauce
bacon : fruit
cereal : dairy
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
.
.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) C
An athlete is a person who does sports. Thus, a characteristic of an athlete is to be fit. A characteristic of a priest is to be religious.
Therefore (C) is correct.
2) A
The function of a microwave is to heat food. The function of a refrigerator is to cool food. Therefore (A) is correct.
3) C
A characteristic of a comedy is to be funny. A characteristic of a tragedy is to be sad. Therefore (C) is correct.
4) D
A brother is, by definition, a sibling. A father is, by definition, a parent. Therefore (D) is correct.
5) B
Someone who is humiliated is very embarrassed. Someone who is enraged is very angry. Therefore (B) is correct.
6) C
A train travels on a railroad. A truck travels on a highway. Therefore (C) is correct.
7) B
Skeptical means disbelieving or doubting. Thus, someone who is skeptical lacks belief. Someone who is homeless lacks shelter.
Therefore (B) is correct.
8) A
Optimism is a positive quality of hopefulness. Pessimism is a negative quality of hopelessness. Thus, optimism is the opposite
of pessimism. Success is a victory or win. Failure is a defeat or loss. Thus, success is the opposite of failure. Therefore (A) is
correct.
9) C
Sunscreen is used to protect the skin. Armor is used to protect the body. Therefore (C) is correct.
10) A
Spaghetti is a type of pasta. Ketchup is a type of condiment, or sauce. Therefore (A) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• A na l o g i e s 2
Level 6
Directions: Choose the pair of words that
best express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Then write the bridge
sentence(s) to the right.
Example:
Bridge Type: Degree
#) FASCINATING : INTERESTING
A)
B)
C)
D)
A finger is part of a hand.
A leaf is part of a tree.
amazing : incredible
serious : grave
crucial : important
strange : weird
Bridge Type: Lack
1) LIAR : HONESTY
A)
B)
C)
D)
lawyer : mercy
mother : children
fool : wisdom
soldier : power
Bridge Sentence:
Someone who is a liar lacks honesty.
Someone who is a
_.
lacks
Bridge Type: Other
2) DOWNPOUR : RAIN
A)
B)
C)
D)
wave : water
tornado : clouds
blizzard : snow
desert : heat
Bridge Sentence:
A downpour is a heavy rain.
A
is a heavy
.
Bridge Type: Characteristic
3) WIZARD : MAGICAL
A)
B)
C)
D)
king : royal
nun : silent
teacher : ordinary
chef : delicious
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of a wizard is to be magical.
A characteristic of a
_.
is to be
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
4) MISFORTUNE : LUCK
A)
B)
C)
D)
victory : defeat
coffee : tea
life : birth
sugar : salt
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Bridge Sentence:
Misfortune is the opposite of luck.
is the opposite of
.
1
Bridge Type: Part to Whole
5) VERSE : SONG
A)
B)
C)
D)
core : apple
mop : broom
supermarket : office
coat : jacket
Bridge Sentence:
A verse is part of a song.
A
is part of a
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
6) ALMOND : NUT
A)
B)
C)
D)
hill : mountain
helicopter : aircraft
sport : football
lamp : lightbulb
Bridge Sentence:
An almond is a type of nut.
A
is a type of
.
Bridge Type: Other
7) WOOL : SHEEP
A)
B)
C)
D)
leather : cows
metal : trees
paper : rocks
wood : mountains
Bridge Sentence:
Wool comes from sheep.
.
Bridge Type: Definition
8) PEBBLE : STONE
A)
B)
C)
D)
minnow : fish
car : truck
tiger : lion
dictionary : book
Bridge Sentence:
By definition, a pebble is a small stone.
.
Bridge Type: Function
9) NEWSPAPER : INFORM
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
television : watch
book : communicate
movie : persuade
game : entertain
.
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
10) BUS : AUTOMOBILE
A)
B)
C)
D)
building : house
tiger : animal
letter : alphabet
bath : shower
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
.
.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) C
Someone who is a liar lacks honesty. Someone who is a fool lacks wisdom. Therefore (C) is correct.
2) C
A downpour is a heavy rain. A blizzard is a heavy snow. Therefore (C) is correct.
3) A
A characteristic of a wizard is to be magical. A characteristic of a king is to be royal. Therefore (A) is correct.
4) A
Misfortune is the opposite of luck. Victory is the opposite of defeat. Therefore (A) is correct.
5) A
A verse is part of a song. A core is the center part of an apple. Therefore (A) is correct.
6) B
An almond is a type of nut. A helicopter is a type of aircraft. Therefore (B) is correct.
7) A
Wool comes from sheep. Leather comes from cows. Therefore (A) is correct.
8) A
By definition, a pebble is a small stone. By definition, a minnow is a small fish. Therefore (A) is correct.
9) D
The purpose of a newspaper is to inform. The purpose of a game is to entertain. Therefore (D) is correct.
10) B
A bus is a type of automobile. A tiger is a type of animal. Therefore (B) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• A na l o g i e s 3
Level 6
Directions: Choose the pair of words that
best express a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Then write the bridge
sentence(s) to the right.
Example:
Bridge Type: Degree
#) FASCINATING : INTERESTING
A)
B)
C)
D)
A finger is part of a hand.
A leaf is part of a tree.
amazing : incredible
serious : grave
crucial : important
strange : weird
Bridge Type: Part to Whole
1) ENGINE : CAR
A)
B)
C)
D)
lens : microscope
day : night
picture : frame
club : member
Bridge Sentence:
An engine is part of a car.
A
is part of a
.
Bridge Type: Function
2) BUTCHER : MEAT
A)
B)
C)
D)
maid : chores
teacher : knowledge
librarian : books
baker : bread
Bridge Sentence:
The function of a butcher is to sell meat.
The function of a
_.
is to sell
Bridge Type: Degree
3) OBSCENE : INAPPROPRIATE
A)
B)
C)
D)
impossible : easy
polite : rude
tall : honest
spotless : clean
Bridge Sentence:
Something that is obscene is very inappropriate.
Something that is
is very
_.
Bridge Type: Definition (Antonyms)
4) POSITIVE : NEGATIVE
A)
B)
C)
D)
clean : filthy
angry : upset
friendly : popular
challenging : interesting
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
Positive is the opposite of negative.
is the opposite of
.
1
Bridge Type: Characteristic
5) CIGARETTE : UNHEALTHY
A)
B)
C)
D)
sin : immoral
baby : wise
husband : rich
nation : peaceful
Bridge Sentence:
A characteristic of a cigarette is to be unhealthy.
A characteristic of a
_.
is to be
Bridge Type: Other
6) HELMET : HEAD
A)
B)
C)
D)
mask : face
belt : train
ring : wrist
slipper : ankle
Bridge Sentence:
A helmet is worn on the head.
.
Bridge Type: Type/Kind
7) SEWING : CRAFT
A)
B)
C)
D)
salt : food
fate : science
gasoline : fuel
sunrise : art
Bridge Sentence:
Sewing is a type of craft.
.
Bridge Type: Definition
8) ACCIDENT : UNINTENDED
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
idea : true
law : perfect
villain : evil
castle : unknown
.
.
Bridge Type: Lack
9) TRIVIAL : IMPORTANCE
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bridge Sentence:
prestigious : honor
written : rhyme
invisible : sight
familiar : novelty
.
.
Bridge Type: Characteristic
10) EXPERT : SKILLED
A)
B)
C)
D)
athlete : thin
student : intelligent
spy : friendly
fanatic : enthusiastic
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
Bridge Sentence:
.
.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) A
An engine is part of a car. A lens is part of a microscope. Therefore (A) is correct.
2) D
The function of a butcher is to sell meat. The function of a baker is to sell bread. Therefore (D) is correct.
3) D
Something that is obscene is very inappropriate. Something that is spotless is very clean. Therefore (D) is correct.
4) A
Positive is the opposite of negative. Clean is the opposite of filthy, or dirty. Therefore (A) is correct.
5) A
A characteristic of a cigarette is to be unhealthy. This is because cigarettes cause cancer. A sin is an evil deed. Thus, a
characteristic of a sin is to be immoral. Therefore (A) is correct.
6) A
A helmet is worn on the head. A mask is worn on the face. Therefore (A) is correct.
7) C
Sewing is a type of craft. Gasoline is a type of fuel. Therefore (C) is correct.
8) C
By definition, an accident is unintended. By definition, a villain is evil. Therefore (C) is correct.
9) D
Trivial means unimportant. Thus, something that is trivial lacks importance. Novelty is the quality of being new. Thus,
something that is familiar lacks novelty. Therefore (D) is correct.
10) D
A characteristic of an expert is to be skilled. A fanatic is someone who is obsessed with something. Enthusiastic means
showing energetic appreciation for something. Thus, a characteristic of a fanatic is to be enthusiastic. Therefore (D) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Antonyms 1
Level 6
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. LOATHE
6. RESOLUTE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cherish
detest
prize
reject
caress
cruel
steadfast
careless
fickle
loyal
2. PROSPER
7. PROPEL
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
blossom
fizzle
dishonor
flourish
omit
activate
cede
hasten
reduce
retreat
3. CONSENT
8. DESPERATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
discard
surrender
oppose
approve
sanction
daring
peaceful
hopeful
violent
useless
4. PRIMITIVE
9. ELIGIBLE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
elementary
modern
juvenile
withering
infant
disqualified
undesirable
proper
clumsy
suitable
5. PROVOKE
10. HAZARDOUS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
invoke
insult
aggravate
encourage
soothe
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
vivid
convenient
dangerous
secure
risky
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The word loathe means to hate. If you loathe another person, you despise him or her. The opposite of loathe is to love.
Because cherish means to hold something dear or to think of lovingly, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because detest means to dislike intensely. This is synonymous with loathe, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because prize means to value extremely highly. This is not the opposite of loathe, because valuing
something highly is not the same thing as loving it.
(D) is incorrect because reject means to dismiss something for not being good enough. This is not the opposite of loathe.
(E) is incorrect because caress means to touch in a caring manner. This is not the opposite of loathe, because one could
caress something without necessarily loving it.
2) B
The word prosper means to succeed financially or in material terms. If a business prospers, it is turning a large profit. The
opposite of prosper is to fail. Because fizzle means to fail in a disappointing way, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because blossom means to mature in a promising way. This is not the opposite of prosper.
(C) is incorrect because dishonor means to bring shame upon something or someone. This is not the opposite of prosper,
since prosper is not synonymous with honor.
(D) is incorrect because flourish means to develop rapidly and successfully. This is practically synonymous with prosper,
not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because omit means to leave out or exclude. This is not the opposite of prosper.
3) C
The word consent means to give permission for something. A parental permission slip gives consent for a student to go
on a field trip. The opposite of consent is to refuse permission. Because oppose means to disallow or express disapproval
for something, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because discard means to get rid of something that is no longer useful. This is not the opposite of consent,
since consent is not synonymous with acquire.
(B) is incorrect because surrender means to stop fighting an enemy and submit to the enemy’s authority. This is not the
opposite of consent.
(D) is incorrect because approve means to officially agree to or accept as satisfactory. This is practically synonymous with
consent, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because sanction means to give official permission for. This is synonymous with consent, not the opposite
of it.
4) B
The word primitive means relating to something from an earlier stage of development or evolution. For example, a rotary
dial phone is a more primitive telephone than the mobile cell phone. The opposite of primitive is advanced, more evolved,
or relating to the present or future. Because modern means characterized by using the most advanced and up-to-date
equipment or ideas, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because elementary means simple or basic. This is not the opposite of primitive.
(C) is incorrect because juvenile means childish or immature. This is not the opposite of primitive.
(D) is incorrect because withering means declining or becoming dry and shriveled. This is not the opposite of primitive,
because primitive is not synonymous with growing.
(E) is incorrect because infant means relating to the earliest stage of something. This is similar in meaning to primitive, not
the opposite of it.
5) E
The word provoke means to annoy or anger someone deliberately. Someone might provoke another by saying something
offensive to him or her. The opposite of provoke is to calm someone down. Because soothe means to gently calm
someone’s feelings, choice (E) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(A) is incorrect because invoke means to appeal to someone as an authority on a subject. This is not the opposite of
provoke.
(B) is incorrect because insult means to speak to someone disrespectfully. This can be practically synonymous with
provoke, since insulting someone might annoy or anger that person.
(C) is incorrect because aggravate means to make a problem more serious. This is not the opposite of provoke.
(D) is incorrect because encourage means to give support or hope to someone. This is not the opposite of provoke,
because provoke is not synonymous with discourage.
6) D
The word resolute means determined and unwavering. Someone who works tirelessly to achieve a goal is resolute. The
opposite of resolute is wavering or uncertain. Because fickle means frequently changing in loyalty, interests, or affection,
choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because cruel means very mean or evil. This is not the opposite of resolute.
(B) is incorrect because steadfast means unwavering or resolutely firm. This is synonymous with resolute, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because careless means not caring or concerned. This is not the opposite of resolute, since resolute is not
synonymous with careful.
(E) is incorrect because loyal means showing firm and constant support to a person or cause. This is practically
synonymous with resolute, not the opposite of it.
7) E
The word propel means to drive or push forward. For instance, when one rows a boat, he or she propels the boat forward.
The opposite of propel is to push or move backward. Because retreat means to move back or withdraw from a given area,
choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because activate means to make operative. This is not the opposite of propel.
(B) is incorrect because cede means to give up territory. This is not the opposite of propel, because propelling is not
synonymous with gaining territory or land.
(C) is incorrect because hasten means to hurry. This is not the opposite of propel.
(D) is incorrect because reduce means to decrease in size. This is not the opposite of propel, since propel is not
synonymous with increase.
8) C
The word desperate means feeling hopeless or despairing. For instance, one might feel desperate if he or she were
stranded on a desert island with no chance of rescue. The opposite of desperate is optimistic. Because hopeful means
feeling optimistic about the future, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because daring means adventurous or bold. This is not the opposite of desperate.
(B) is incorrect because peaceful means calm or free from disturbance. This is not the opposite of desperate, since
desperate is not synonymous with disturbed or agitated.
(D) is incorrect because violent means involving physical force intended to hurt or kill someone. This is not the opposite of
desperate.
(E) is incorrect because useless means serving no purpose. This is not the opposite of desperate.
9) A
The word eligible means satisfying the appropriate conditions. For instance, if only adults were eligible for a contest, then
only those over the age of 18 would be allowed to enter the contest. The opposite of eligible is ineligible or failing to satisfy
the appropriate conditions. Because disqualified means unsuitable for an activity, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because undesirable means not wanted. This is not the opposite of eligible, because eligible is not
synonymous with wanted or desired.
(C) is incorrect because proper means suitable or appropriate. This is synonymous with eligible, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because clumsy means awkward in movement. This is not the opposite of eligible.
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3
(E) is incorrect because suitable means appropriate or satisfying the appropriate conditions. This is synonymous with
eligible, not the opposite of it.
10) D
The word hazardous means risky or dangerous. For example, playing with fire might be hazardous to one’s health. The
opposite of hazardous is safe. Because secure means safe or not subject to threat or harm, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because vivid means clear or focused. This is not the opposite of hazardous.
(B) is incorrect because convenient means involving little trouble or effort. This is not the opposite of hazardous, since
hazardous is not synonymous with inconvenient.
(C) is incorrect because dangerous means harmful or unsafe. This is synonymous with hazardous, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because risky means dangerous or unsafe. This is synonymous with hazardous, not the opposite of it.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Antonyms 2
Level 6
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. NOVICE
6. MINUTE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
beginner
expert
amateur
competitor
executive
mighty
puny
fine
invisible
immense
2. MAXIMUM
7. DOMINATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sufficient
largest
merest
limited
greatest
oversee
debate
rile
submit
trounce
3. DETERIORATE
8. EFFICIENT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
corrode
upgrade
decorate
debilitate
amplify
unproductive
slipshod
systematic
proficient
capable
4. DRASTIC
9. TERMINATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lax
loving
brutal
strict
polite
cancel
lapse
restrict
initiate
continue
5. CONSERVE
10. GENERATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
support
stash
sustain
squander
suspend
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
sever
develop
demolish
multiply
humiliate
1
Answers and Explanations
1) B
The word novice means a beginner or person who is new at something. For example, someone who has only played
chess a few times would be considered a novice at chess. The opposite of novice is a person who is highly skilled at
something. Because an expert is a person who has special skills or knowledge in a field or activity, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because a beginner is someone who is new to an activity. This is synonymous with novice, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because an amateur is a person who is not a professional at a certain activity. This is almost synonymous
with novice, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because a competitor is someone who competes or challenges another in a game or contest. This is not
the opposite of novice, because a competitor is not necessarily skilled at something.
(E) is incorrect because an executive is a person who has administrative powers in a company or organization. This is not
the opposite of novice, because an executive may not be highly skilled at something.
2) C
The word maximum means the greatest amount possible. For example, a bus might have a maximum occupancy, which
means there can only be so many riders aboard the bus. The opposite of maximum is minimum or the lowest amount
possible. Because merest means the smallest or slightest in size, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because sufficient means enough. This is not the opposite of maximum, because enough is not
synonymous with the lowest amount possible.
(B) is incorrect because largest means the greatest in size. This is practically synonymous with maximum, not the
opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because limited means restricted in size. This is not the opposite of maximum, because something can be
both great in size and limited at once.
(E) is incorrect because greatest means larger in size or more important. This is practically synonymous with maximum,
not the opposite of it.
3) B
The word deteriorate means to become progressively worse. For example, if one never fixes up an old building, the
building will continue to deteriorate over time. The opposite of deteriorate is to improve or become better. Because
upgrade means to improve or raise to a higher standard, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because corrode means to destroy or damage by a chemical process. This can be practically synonymous
with deteriorate, since chemical damage is a type of deterioration.
(C) is incorrect because decorate means to add an ornament to something so as to make it look more attractive. This is
not the opposite of deteriorate, because decorating something does not necessarily improve it or prevent it from
worsening over time.
(D) is incorrect because debilitate means to weaken or make infirm. This is practically synonymous with deteriorate, not
the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because amplify means to heighten or enlarge. This is not the opposite of deteriorate, since heighten is not
synonymous with improve.
4) A
The word drastic means extremely severe or extensive. A drastic cut in a budget would be one that severely reduces the
size of the budget. The opposite of drastic is limited in scope or relaxed. Because lax means relaxed or not severe, choice
(A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because loving means strongly liking or adoring. This is not the opposite of drastic, since drastic is not
synonymous with cruel or hating.
(C) is incorrect because brutal means savagely violent or hard. This is not the opposite of drastic.
(D) is incorrect because strict means demanding proper behavior or total obedience. This is not the opposite of drastic.
(E) is incorrect because polite means considerate and respectful of others. This is not the opposite of drastic, because
drastic is not synonymous with rude.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
5) D
The word conserve means to save or prevent the overuse of. For example, many citizens are encouraged to conserve
water and not use more than is absolutely necessary. The opposite of conserve is to overuse or waste. Because
squander means to waste something in a foolish manner, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because support means to hold up or give assistance to. This is not the opposite of conserve.
(B) is incorrect because stash means to store away for safekeeping. This is practically synonymous with conserve, not the
opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because sustain means to strengthen or support. This is not the opposite of conserve.
(E) is incorrect because suspend means to temporarily halt. This is not the opposite of conserve.
6) E
The word minute means very small. For example, a millimeter is a minute section of a meter. The opposite of minute is
very large. Because immense means very large in size choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because mighty means very strong. This is not the opposite of minute, because small is not synonymous
with weak.
(B) is incorrect because puny means small and weak. This is practically synonymous with minute, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because fine means thin or consisting of small particles. This is practically synonymous with minute, not
the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because invisible means not able to be seen. This is not the opposite of minute.
7) D
The word dominate means to exercise control over. A king dominates the citizens of his kingdom. The opposite of
dominate is to be ruled or to be under someone else’s power or control. Because submit means to give in to another’s
authority or control, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because oversee means to supervise. This is practically synonymous with dominate, not the opposite of it.
(B) is incorrect because debate means to argue about something in a formal way. This is not the opposite of dominate.
(C) is incorrect because rile means to annoy or irritate. This is not the opposite of dominate, because rile is not
synonymous with surrender or yield.
(E) is incorrect because trounce means to defeat heavily in a contest. This is not the opposite of dominate.
8) A
The word efficient means achieving maximum productivity with the least amount of effort. For example, an assembly line
is an efficient way of producing cars, since it can create many cars without requiring much work from individual workers.
The opposite of efficient is inefficient. Because unproductive means inefficient or unable to produce large amounts, choice
(A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because slipshod means careless or poorly done. This is not the opposite of efficient, since efficient is not
synonymous with careful.
(C) is incorrect because systematic means done by a fixed plan or method. This is not the opposite of efficient.
(D) is incorrect because proficient means skilled or able to do something. This is not the opposite of efficient.
(E) is incorrect because capable means able to do something. This is not the opposite of efficient.
9) D
The word terminate means to end. If one terminates his or her cable service, he or she cancels the service. The opposite
of terminate is to start. Because initiate means to start or begin, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because cancel means to revoke something or decide that something will not take place. This is practically
synonymous with terminate, not the opposite of it.
(B) is incorrect because lapse means to fail to maintain or keep using something. This is not the opposite of terminate.
(C) is incorrect because restrict means to limit. This is not the opposite of terminate.
(E) is incorrect because continue means to remain in operation or existence. This is not the opposite of terminate,
because continue is not synonymous with begin or start.
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3
10) C
The word generate means to produce or cause something to come about. For example, a tomato plant might generate
tomatoes. The opposite of generate is to destroy something. Because demolish means to destroy or ruin something,
choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because sever means to cut off. This is not the opposite of generate, since severing is not necessarily the
same thing as destroying.
(B) is incorrect because develop means to grow or to become more mature. This is synonymous with generate, not the
opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because multiply means to increase or cause to increase in great numbers. This is practically synonymous
with generate, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because humiliate means to make someone feel ashamed or embarrassed. This is not the opposite of
generate.
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4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Antonyms 3
Level 6
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. CHIDE
6. ARROGANT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
compliment
reward
punish
criticize
condemn
smug
shy
confident
modest
unsure
2. BOISTEROUS
7. DEPOSIT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
reluctant
nervous
rowdy
organized
quiet
sell
withdraw
collect
invest
uncover
3. INEVITABLE
8. MASSIVE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
scheduled
fated
unintended
avoidable
assured
huge
miniature
unimportant
hulking
sickly
4. ONSET
9. CONSTANT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
outset
birth
assault
recess
conclusion
disloyal
habitual
unstable
steady
active
5. CONCISE
10. OFFBEAT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gabby
lean
wordy
brief
dense
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regular
bizarre
boring
abnormal
upbeat
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The word chide means to scold or verbally express disapproval of. A parent might chide his or her child if the child
misbehaves. The opposite of chide is to express approval of. Because compliment means to praise someone or express
approval of something about him or her, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because reward means to make a gift of something to recognize someone for his or her services or
achievements. This is not the opposite of chide, because a reward is not necessarily verbal.
(C) is incorrect because punish means to penalize someone for doing something bad. This is practically synonymous with
chide, not the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because criticize means to indicate the bad aspects of someone in a disapproving way. This is not the
opposite of chide.
(E) is incorrect because condemn means to express disapproval. This is synonymous with chide, not the opposite of it.
2) E
The word boisterous means noisy, energetic, and cheerful. For example, the crowd at a rock concert might be boisterous.
The opposite of boisterous is hushed in noise or energy. Because quiet means making little or no noise, choice (E) is
correct.
(A) is incorrect because reluctant means hesitant or uncertain. This is not the opposite of boisterous.
(B) is incorrect because nervous means anxious or easily agitated. This is not the opposite of boisterous.
(C) is incorrect because rowdy means noisy and disorderly. This is practically synonymous with boisterous, not the
opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because organized means arranged in a systematic way. This is not the opposite of boisterous.
3) D
The word inevitable means certain to happen. For example, it is inevitable that a new day will start tomorrow. The
opposite of inevitable is unlikely to happen or possible not to happen. Because avoidable means able to be prevented,
choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because scheduled means planned to take place at a certain time. This is not the opposite of inevitable.
(B) is incorrect because fated means destined to happen. This is practically synonymous with inevitable, not the opposite
of it.
(C) is incorrect because unintended means not planned. This is not the opposite of inevitable, because inevitable is not
synonymous with planned or intended.
(E) is incorrect because assured means confident. This is not the opposite of inevitable.
4) E
The word onset means the beginning of something. For instance, the first snowfall of the year might be seen as the onset
of winter. The opposite of onset is the end of something. Because a conclusion is the end of something, choice (E) is
correct.
(A) is incorrect because the outset is the start or beginning of something. This is synonymous with onset, not the opposite
of it.
(B) is incorrect because the birth is the beginning of something. This is synonymous with onset, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because an assault is a physical attack. This is not the opposite of onset.
(D) is incorrect because a recess is a brief pause or break. This is not the opposite of onset, because recess is not
synonymous with beginning.
5) C
The word concise means giving a lot of information in few words. For example, a one-paragraph-long summary of a book
would be considered concise. The opposite of concise is using too many words. Because wordy means using or
expressed in too many words, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because gabby means excessively talkative. This is not the opposite of concise, because concise is not
synonymous with shy or reserved.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(B) is incorrect because lean means thin or containing little fat. This is not the opposite of concise.
(D) is incorrect because brief means using few words. This is synonymous with concise, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because dense means closely compacted in substance. This is not the opposite of concise.
6) D
The word arrogant means having an inflated sense of one’s own importance or abilities. Someone who brags about
himself or herself would be arrogant. The opposite of arrogant is humble. Because modest means humble or unassuming
in the estimations of one’s abilities, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because smug means having an excessive pride in oneself. This is synonymous with arrogant, not the
opposite of it.
(B) is incorrect because shy means being nervous or timid in the company of others. This is not the opposite of arrogant,
because arrogant is not synonymous with sociable or outgoing.
(C) is incorrect because confident means self-assured. This is practically synonymous with arrogant, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because unsure means not certain. This is not the opposite of arrogant.
7) B
The word deposit means to store with someone or something for safekeeping. When one deposits money into a bank
account, he or she leaves it at the bank for safekeeping. The opposite of deposit is to take out of somewhere. Because
withdraw means to remove from a particular place or position, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because sell means to give in exchange for money. This is not the opposite of deposit, because deposit is
not synonymous with purchase.
(C) is incorrect because collect means to gather together. This is not the opposite of deposit.
(D) is incorrect because invest means to put money into something with the hope of receiving a future profit. This is not
the opposite of deposit.
(E) is incorrect because uncover means to remove a mask or cover from something. This is not the opposite of deposit.
8) B
The word massive means gigantic or huge. For example, a battleship is a massive ship. The opposite of massive is very
small. Because miniature means very small, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because huge means very large. This is synonymous with massive, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because unimportant means lacking in importance or significance. This is not the opposite of massive,
because massive is not synonymous with important.
(D) is incorrect because hulking means large or heavy. This is practically synonymous with massive, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because sickly means ill or weak. This is not the opposite of massive, because massive is not synonymous
with healthy or strong.
9) C
The word constant means occurring continuously or staying the same for a period of time. For instance, during summers
in the desert, the weather remains constant, since it is always incredibly hot and dry. The opposite of constant is changing
or fluctuating. Because unstable means prone to change, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because disloyal means traitorous or not loyal. This is not the opposite of constant, since constant is not
synonymous with loyal.
(B) is incorrect because habitual means done constantly or as a habit. This is practically synonymous with constant, not
the opposite of it.
(D) is incorrect because steady means firmly fixed or not changing. This is practically synonymous with constant, not the
opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because active means frequently moving. This is not the opposite of constant, since something can be
both constant and active. For example, sharks have to move at all times to stay alive, so they are constantly active.
10) A
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3
The word offbeat means odd or unusual. Someone who is quirky or strange might be considered offbeat. The opposite of
offbeat is normal or usual. Because regular means usual or normal, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because bizarre means strange or unusual. This is synonymous with offbeat, not the opposite of it.
(C) is incorrect because boring means unexciting. This is not the opposite of boring, because offbeat is not synonymous
with exciting.
(D) is incorrect because abnormal means strange or atypical. This is synonymous with offbeat, not the opposite of it.
(E) is incorrect because upbeat means cheerful or optimistic. This is not the opposite of offbeat.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 1
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared
of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most
dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people every year
is one that you have probably killed yourself many times: the mosquito.
While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes
eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. They need this blood to live
and produce eggs. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits a small amount of saliva
into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be as
minor as an itchy bump or as serious as death.
Because a mosquito can bite many people in the course of its life, it can carry diseases from one
person to another very easily. Two of the most deadly diseases carried by mosquitoes are malaria and
yellow fever. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million
of these people will die from these diseases.
Many scientists are working on safer and better ways to kill mosquitoes, but so far, there is no
sure way to protect everyone in the world from their deadly bites. Mosquito nets can be placed over beds
to protect people against being bitten. These nets help people stay safe at night, but they do not kill any
mosquitoes. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of
fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the amount
of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes
can also be killed with poisons or sprays. Even though these sprays kill mosquitoes, they may also harm
other plants or animals.
Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more
dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a
way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry.
Questions
1) According to the author, some people are more afraid of tigers and sharks than mosquitoes because
tigers and sharks
A.
B.
C.
D.
kill more people than mosquitoes
are big and powerful
are found all over the world
have no natural enemies
2) Based on the information in paragraph 2, we can understand that
I. male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have different eating habits
II. male mosquitoes are harmless to humans
III. female mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting diseases to humans
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
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1
3) In paragraph 2 the author writes, "This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease." The purpose
of this statement is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
oppose a previous argument
question an upcoming conclusion
confirm a hypothesis
support a later statement
4) As used in paragraph 2, minor most nearly means
A.
B.
C.
D.
insignificant
deadly
frustrating
dangerous
5) Based on information in paragraph 3, it can be understood that if you get sick with malaria or yellow
fever, your chances of survival are
A.
B.
C.
D.
terrible
mediocre
good
excellent
6) It can be understood that the introduction of dragonflies might reduce the number of flies in a given
area because dragonflies
A.
B.
C.
D.
work together with mosquitoes
kill mosquitoes
cannot be killed by poisons or sprays
attract bats
7) Which of the following best summarizes the information in paragraph 4?
A. Mosquito nets provide adequate protection from deadly mosquitoes.
B. Poisons and sprays provide adequate protection from deadly mosquitoes.
C. The introduction of the mosquito's natural enemies provides adequate protection from deadly
mosquitoes.
D. There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem.
8) Which of the following words best describes the author's overall attitude towards the prospect of
solving the mosquito problem?
A.
B.
C.
D.
despondent, meaning hopeless or dejected
exasperated, meaning extremely irritated or annoyed
equivocal, meaning doubtful or uncertain
optimistic, meaning hopeful or taking a favorable view
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) B
In the first paragraph the author says, "We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful." In the last paragraph, the
author says that we might be more afraid of tigers and sharks than we are of mosquitoes because tigers and sharks are "larger, and
more powerful." This lets us know that (B) is correct. In paragraph 1, the author tells us that of all animals, the mosquito "kills the
most people every year." This eliminates (A). The passage does not contain information to support choices (C) and (D). Therefore
they are incorrect.
2) D
In paragraph 2 the author writes, "Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood."
Using this information, we can understand that male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have different eating habits. This supports
option (I). In paragraph 2 the author writes, "Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on
animal blood. They need this blood to live and produce eggs. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits a small
amount of saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease." Since male mosquitoes eat plant nectar (and
not animal blood), and it is the bite that causes the transmission of diseases, we can understand that male mosquitoes do not bite
humans. Therefore they are harmless to humans. This supports option (II). In paragraph 2 the author writes, "Male mosquitoes eat
plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. They need this blood to live and produce eggs. When a
female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits a small amount of saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a
deadly disease." Since male mosquitoes eat plant nectar (and not animal blood), and it is the bite that causes the transmission of
diseases, we can understand that female mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting diseases to humans. This supports option
(III). Therefore (D) is correct.
3) D
To answer this question correctly, it helps to use context. At the end of paragraph 2 the author writes, "This saliva may or may not
contain a deadly disease." In the next sentence the author writes, "The result of the bite can be as minor as an itchy bump or as
serious as death." Using this information, we can understand that the reason why the result of the bite can be as minor as an itchy
bump or as serious as death is because the mosquito's saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. This lets us know that the
purpose of the statement in question is to support a later statement, which, in this case, is the next sentence. Choice (D) is correct.
The passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (B). and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
4) A
minor (adjective): relatively small in size, quantity, or degree.
In paragraph 2, the author says that when a mosquito bites a person, “The result of the bite can be as minor as an itchy bump or as
serious as death.” Here, the author contrasts an itchy bump with death. An itchy bump is not very serious when compared to death.
An itchy bump is a small, insignificant problem, while death is aptly described as "serious." This makes (A) the correct choice.
Although itchy bumps can be frustrating, this is not as good a contrast for "serious" as insignificant. Therefore (C) is incorrect. (B)
and (D) are incorrect because the author contrasts the itchy bumps with deadly ones. The author means to show that an itchy bump
is harmless, not deadly or dangerous.
5) D
At the end of paragraph 3 the author writes, "More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2
million of these people will die from these diseases." This lets us know that of the 700 million people who become sick, only around
2 million do not survive. Because 2 million is an extremely small percentage of 700 million (2/700 or .002%), we can understand that
if you get sick with malaria or yellow fever, your chances of survival are excellent. This means (D) is correct. The passage does not
provide information to support choices (A), (B). and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
6) B
In paragraph 4, the author says that, “Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish.
Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the amount of mosquitoes in that area.”
(B) is the only choice that uses information supported by the passage to provide a reason why dragonflies would reduce (or make
less) the number of mosquitoes in a given area. Therefore it is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices
(A), (C), and (D). Therefore they are incorrect.
7) D
In paragraph 4, the author writes, "Many scientists are working on safer and better ways to kill mosquitoes, but so far, there is no
sure way to protect everyone in the world from their deadly bites." The author continues to discuss possible solutions and their
respective drawbacks. This lets us know there is not perfect solution to the mosquito problem. Choice (D) is correct. The passage
does not provide information to support choices (A), (B), and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
8) D
In the final paragraph the author concludes the passage by saying, "But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists
will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry." This lets us know that although the problem
may look grim now, there is a good chance that scientists will be able to solve it in the future. Thus, the author's attitude towards the
prospect of solving the mosquito problem can best be described as optimistic. Therefore (D) is correct. Despondent and
exasperated are too negative to accurately describe the author's attitude. Therefore choices (A) and (B) are incorrect. The author
does not express uncertainty about the prospect of solving the mosquito problem. Therefore the author is not equivocal. Choice (C)
is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 2
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food
attracts germs, germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing helps to remove the
food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but
some doctors say that flossing can be also good for your heart.
It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart.
Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is
that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood. Germs that get into the
blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs
in your mouth, the body tries to fight against these germs. For some reason, the way the body fights
these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart over time.
Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good
flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. A coincidence is the occurrence of two or
more events at one time apparently by mere chance. The incidence of these events is completely random,
as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time
I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather.
This is only a coincidence. Likewise, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just
happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have
healthy hearts.
The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every
doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help
your heart, it is sure to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every
day.
Questions
1) Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Why Doctors Disagree about Flossing
How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy
Flossing Your Way to a Healthy Heart
Flossing by Coincidence
2) Flossing effectively helps to keep your mouth healthy by preventing
A.
B.
C.
D.
germs from producing acid
food from entering your body
germs from entering into your blood
acid from contacting your teeth and gums
3) In paragraph 2, the author introduces ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy.
Exactly how many of these ideas does the author put forth in this paragraph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
4) Based on information in paragraph 2, it can be understood that germs in the mouth may harm your
heart by
I. getting into the blood that flows to the heart
II. forcing the body to fight against too many of them
III. causing food to get stuck in the arteries
A.
B.
C.
D.
l only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
5) In paragraph 2, the author explains how having too many germs in your mouth can "end up
weakening the heart." Using the passage as a guide, it can be understood that with respect to the
actual way in which this occurs, doctors are
A.
B.
C.
D.
reluctant to hypothesize
confident in their estimations
extremely knowledgeable
uncertain but speculative
6) In paragraph 3 the author writes, "Not every doctor agrees about these ideas." The author's purpose
in writing this sentence is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
provide an example
introduce a new topic
change a previous statement
clarify an earlier assertion
7) Using information in paragraph 3 as a guide, which of the following is the best example of a
coincidence?
A. Jim wakes up with a sore throat. He eats a piece of bacon for breakfast. By noon, he feels much
better. Jim decides that the bacon has cured his sore throat.
B. Laura remembers to brush her teeth every day, but she only remembers to floss once a week.
She writes a note to herself, reminding herself to floss and sticks it to her bathroom mirror.
C. Mario is not very good at baseball. He practices playing every day. After a several months of
practice, he is a much better baseball player.
D. Jai has a bad heart. Her doctor tells her to eat more vegetables and less junk food. After nearly a
year of doing this, the doctor tells Jai that her heart is doing much better.
8) Based on its use in the final paragraph, it can be inferred that theory belongs to which of the
following word groups?
A.
B.
C.
D.
query, question, interrogation
assertion, declaration, affirmation
hypothesis, supposition, belief
idea, thought, notion
9) Which of the following best states the main idea of the final paragraph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Because doctors do not agree that flossing will help your heart, it is useless to floss.
It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.
Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day.
There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart, but it is still a good idea to do
it every day.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) C
A good title summarizes the main idea of the passage, letting the reader know what to expect should he or she continue reading.
The main idea of this passage is that flossing may be linked to having a healthy heart. This idea is introduced at the end of the first
paragraph, when the author states, "This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing
can be also good for your heart." In paragraph 2, the author gives possible reasons for this idea. In paragraph 3, the author talks
about how flossing and heart health may be a coincidence. In the final paragraph, the author gives concluding remarks about the
benefits of flossing. Using this information, we can understand that the best title for the passage would be Flossing Your Way to a
Healthy Heart, as it best summarizes the main idea of the passage. Choice (C) is correct. Even though the passage does mention
that not all doctors agree about whether or not flossing is good for your heart, and that flossing is good for your teeth, these are not
the main ideas. They are merely details the author uses to support a larger idea: that flossing is good for your teeth and may also be
good for your heart. Therefore (A) and (B) are incorrect. The author does not state the idea that flossing occurs by coincidence.
Rather, the author uses the idea of coincidence to illustrate why some "doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and
good heart health,"—an idea explained in paragraph 3. This lets us know that choice (D) is incorrect.
2) D
In paragraph 1, the author tells us that "food attracts germs, germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums." The author
continues to tell us that "Flossing helps to remove food that gets stuck between your teeth." Using this information, we can
understand that flossing helps remove food from between your teeth. This, in turn, removes germs from your mouth. If there are no
germs in your mouth, the acid they produce cannot get on your teeth and gums. If the acid cannot get on your teeth and gums, it
cannot harm them. This is how flossing effectively helps to keep your mouth healthy. This idea is reflected in (D), making it the
correct choice. Although flossing helps prevent food from attracting germs, it does not prevent germs from producing acid. Germs
will produce acid regardless of flossing. Flossing simply makes sure that germs don't produce acid in your mouth. This lets us know
that flossing does not help to keep your mouth healthy by preventing germs from producing acid. This means (A) is incorrect.
Technically speaking, flossing may indeed prevent miniscule pieces of food from entering your body. However, this is unrelated to
the way in which it helps you teeth. This lets us know that flossing does not help to keep your mouth healthy by preventing food from
entering your body. Choice (B) is incorrect. The author does not discuss the possibility that germs will enter the blood. Rather, the
author says that acid may enter the blood. However, this is unrelated to the way in which flossing helps your teeth. This lets us know
that flossing does not help to keep your mouth healthy by preventing germs from entering your blood. Choice (C) is incorrect.
3) B
In paragraph 2, the author introduces two ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. The first idea is introduced as
the author writes, "One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood." The second idea
is introduced as the author writes, "Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body
tries to fight against these germs." This means (B) is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (C),
and (D). Therefore they are incorrect.
4) B
In paragraph 2, the author introduces two ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. First, the author says, "One
idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood. Germs that get into the blood can then
attack your heart." This supports option (I). Second, the author says, "Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too
many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against these germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth
germs may end up weakening the heart over time." This supports option (II). The author does not provide information to suggest
that germs may harm your heart by causing food to get stuck in the arteries. This eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
5) D
At the end of paragraph 2, the author writes, "Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth,
the body tries to fight against these germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening
the heart over time." After explaining how having too many germs in your mouth causes the body to fight against them, the author
introduces the explanation behind this using the phrase, "For some reason." This phrase is used to signify that doctors are uncertain
about the actual cause of this. Nonetheless, they venture to speculate that it has something to do with the way the body fights these
mouth germs and how that may end up weakening the heart over time. Using this information, we can understand that doctors are
uncertain but speculative with respect to the actual way in which this occurs. Choice (D) is correct. Although doctors may be
reluctant, they still venture to speculate, or hypothesize, about the actual way in which this occurs by positing that "the way the body
fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart over time." This lets us know that (A) is incorrect. Choices (B) and (C)
depict the doctors as more confident in their suppositions than the passage leads us to believe. Therefore they are incorrect.
6) D
To answer this question correctly, it helps to use context. In paragraph 2 the author writes, "Doctors have come up with a few ideas
about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy." The author continues to describe these ideas in the remainder of paragraph 2.
At the beginning of paragraph 3, the author tells us that "Not every doctor agrees about these ideas." This lets us know that the
author plans to use paragraph 3 to clarify his or her earlier assertion presented in paragraph 2. This means (D) is correct. The
passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (B), and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
7) A
coincidence (noun): a striking occurrence of two or more events at one time apparently by mere chance.
In paragraph 3, the author tells us that “A coincidence is the occurrence of two or more events at one time apparently by mere
chance. The incidence of these events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
between them.” In Jim’s case, Jim eats bacon and his sore throat happens to go away. These two events do not admit of any
reliable cause and effect relationship. Jim's eating of the bacon (cause) does not mean that bacon cured his sore throat (effect).This
is a single occurrence that intuitively seems very unlikely to happen again. This fits the author's description of a coincidence.
Therefore choice (A) is correct. (B) is unrelated to the idea of a coincidence and is therefore incorrect. In choice (C), Mario’s
practice makes him a better player. A reliable cause (several months of practice) and effect (getting better at baseball) relationship
is readily identifiable. This is not a coincidence. In choice (D), Jai’s healthier diet makes her heart healthier. A reliable cause (nearly
a year of eating more vegetables and less junk food) and effect (her heart is doing much better) relationship is readily identifiable.
These effects are directly linked to their causes.
8) C
theory (noun): a proposed explanation whose status is still conjectural and subject to experimentation, in contrast to wellestablished propositions that are regarded as reporting matters of actual fact.
To answer this question correctly, it helps to use context. In the final paragraph, the author writes, "The theory that flossing your
teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be correct. Nonetheless, every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep
your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is sure to help your teeth." Using this text, we can understand that
the idea that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy is a theory. We also learn that this idea may or may not be correct.
So, this idea is a speculative, or uncertain, attempt to state a fact about the world or how it works. A theory is not merely an idea, it
is a speculative assertion. The words hypothesis, supposition, belief capture this definition nicely. This lets us know that choice (C)
is correct. In his or her use of the word theory, the author does not pose a query, question, or interrogation. Rather, the author
makes a speculative assertion, as explained above. This means (A) is incorrect. In his or her use of the word theory, the author
does not make an assertion, declaration, or affirmation. Rather, the author makes a speculative assertion, as explained above. This
is different than a straightforward assertion, which is a simple claim that is not intended to be speculative. This means (B) is
incorrect. In his or her use of the word theory, the author does not illustrate an idea, thought, or notion. Given the above explanation,
we can understand that this idea is a speculative, or uncertain, attempt to state a fact about the world or how it works. A theory is
not merely an idea, it is a speculative assertion. This means (D) is incorrect.
9) C
In the final paragraph, the author says that “even if flossing does not help your heart, it is sure to help your teeth. This is enough of a
reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day.” This statement is intended to mean that while it may be true that flossing might
not really help your heart, it definitely is good for your teeth. Therefore, the author recommends that you should do it every day.
Choice (C) is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices (A) or (B). Therefore they are incorrect. (D) is
incorrect because the author does not suggest that you should floss merely because it may be good for your heart. Rather, the
author says that flossing is good for your teeth, and that the fact that it may also be good for your heart is a potential added benefit.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 3
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
When you imagine the desert, you probably think of a very hot place covered with sand. Although
this is a good description for many deserts, Earth’s largest desert is actually a very cold place covered
with ice: Antarctica.
In order for an area to be considered a desert, it must receive very little rainfall. More specifically,
it must receive an average of less than ten inches of precipitation—which can be rain, sleet, hail, or
snow—on the ground every year. Antarctica, the coldest place on earth, has an average temperature that
usually falls below the freezing point. And because cold air holds less moisture than warm air, the air in
Antarctica does not hold much moisture at all. This is evident in the low precipitation statistics recorded
for Antarctica. For example, the central part of Antarctica receives an average of less than 2 inches of
snow every year. The coastline of Antarctica receives a little bit more—between seven and eight inches a
year. Because Antarctica gets so little precipitation every year, it is considered a desert.
When precipitation falls in hot deserts, it quickly evaporates back into the atmosphere. The air
over Antarctica is too cold to hold water vapor, so there is very little evaporation. Due to this low rate of
evaporation, most of the snow that falls to the ground remains there permanently, eventually building up
into thick ice sheets. Any snow that does not freeze into ice sheets becomes caught up in the strong
winds that constantly blow over Antarctica. These snow-filled winds can make it look as if it is snowing.
Even though snowfall is very rare there, blizzards are actually very common on Antarctica.
Questions
1) The main purpose of paragraph 1 is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
accept a conclusion
introduce an argument
provide a brief history
deny a common belief
2) The best title for this passage would be
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earth’s Many Deserts
Antarctica: The Coldest Place on Earth
A Desert of Ice
Unusual Blizzards
3) Africa’s Sahara Desert is the second-largest desert on earth. Based on the information in the
passage, what characteristic must the Sahara share with Antarctica?
A.
B.
C.
D.
low temperatures
high temperatures
frequent blizzards
low precipitation
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1
4) As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for precipitation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
moisture in the air that falls to the ground
any type of weather event
weather events that only happen in very cold areas
a blizzard that occurs in areas with limited snowfall
5) In paragraph 2 the author writes, "And because cold air holds less moisture than warm air, the air in
Antarctica does not hold much moisture at all." Using this information, it can be understood that
A.
B.
C.
D.
air in Africa holds more moisture than the air in Antarctica
air surrounding a tropical island holds less moisture than the air in Antarctica
air in the second floor of a house is typically warmer than air on the first floor
air at the mountains is typically colder than the air at the beach
6) According to the final paragraph, any snow that falls over Antarctica
I. becomes part of the Antarctic ice sheet
II. is blown around by strong winds
III. evaporates back into the atmosphere
A.
B.
C.
D.
l only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
7) Based on the information in the final paragraph, it can be understood that blizzards in Antarctica are
mainly the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
freezing cold temperatures
large amounts of snowfall
low amounts of precipitation
strong winds
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2
Answers and Explanations
1) D
In paragraph 1 the author writes, "When you imagine the desert, you probably think of a very hot place covered with sand." This lets
us know that the author thinks that deserts are commonly believed to be very hot places covered with sand. However, as the author
continues to explain, this is not actually the case, stating "Many other deserts, like Antarctica, are just the opposite." Using this
information, we can understand that the main purpose of paragraph 1 is to deny a common belief. This means (D) is correct. The
author does not mention any conclusion. Therefore (A) is incorrect. The author does not argue the idea that Antarctica is a desert.
This is factual information that is documented to be true. Choice (B) is incorrect. The author does not provide any history. This
means (C) incorrect.
2) C
A good title summarizes the main idea of a passage and lets the reader know what to expect should he or she read further. This
passage is mostly devoted to explaining why Antarctica is a desert of ice, which most people may find surprising, because deserts
are stereotypically hot and sandy. This idea is introduced in the first paragraph. The subsequent paragraphs are devoted to
explaining this idea. Therefore (C) is correct. In this passage, the author presents information about Antarctica only. It does not
discuss any other of earth's deserts. The title in (A) is too general for a passage that is just about Antarctica, making this choice
incorrect. Although the passage does mention the fact that Antarctica is the coldest place on earth, and discusses Antarctica’s
blizzards, these are details. The main idea of the passage involves the fact that Antarctica is a desert. Therefore (B) and (D) are
incorrect.
3) D
In paragraph 2, the author writes: “In order for an area to be considered a desert, it must receive very little precipitation. More
specifically, it must receive an average of less than ten inches of precipitation—which can be rain, sleet, hail, or snow—on the
ground every year." Like Antarctica, the Sahara is a desert. Therefore, it must also have low precipitation. This means (D) is correct.
The passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (B), and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
4) A
precipitation (noun): moisture in the air that falls to the ground.
In paragraph 2, the author states that precipitation “can be rain, sleet, hail, or snow.” All of these are forms of air moisture that falls
to the ground. Using this information, we can understand that (A) is the correct choice. Although rain, sleet, hail, and snow are all
types of weather events, the phrase “any type of weather” is too general, as it may include other types of weather such as high wind,
clouds, heat, humidity, etc. Therefore (B) is incorrect. Even though it is very cold in Antarctica, rain can fall in any climate. This
means precipitation isn’t specific to very cold areas. This eliminates (C). (D) is incorrect because a blizzard that occurs in areas with
limited snowfall is only something that happens in extremely cold, windy places like Antarctica, and is not representative of
precipitation in general.
5) A
In paragraph 2 the author writes, "And because cold air holds less moisture than warm air, the air in Antarctica does not hold much
moisture at all." Because Africa is widely known to have a warm, if not hot, climate, we can understand that the air in Africa holds
more moisture than the freezing cold air in Antarctica. Therefore (A) is correct. (B) is incorrect because a tropical island has hot
climate. This means it should hold more moisture than the air in Antarctica. Although choices (C) and (D) may provide accurate
information, they are incorrect because the quote from paragraph 2 does not discuss how air temperature is related to geographical
location.
6) B
In the final paragraph, the authors tells us that any snow that falls over Antarctica either “remains there permanently, eventually
building up into thick ice sheets.” or “becomes caught up in the strong winds." This supports options (I) and (II). In the beginning of
this paragraph, the author says “the air over Antarctica is too cold to hold water vapor, so there is very little evaporation.” This
eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
7) D
In the final paragraph, the author informs us that the blizzards in Antarctica are caused when strong winds blow snow around.
Although there is a very low amount of precipitation that falls over Antarctica, some of the snow that does fall “becomes caught up in
the strong winds that constantly blow over Antarctica.” Because of these high winds, “even though snowfall is very rare there,
blizzards are actually very common on Antarctica.” Using this information, we can understand that (D) is correct The passage does
not provide information to support choices (A), (B), and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
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3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 4
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Mona doesn’t like to ask people for help. But it is hard for her to perform daily activities
on her own. She is almost 13, yet she is no larger than a 5-year-old. Mona has trouble keeping
her balance and can’t walk very far. When she uses a wheelchair, she can’t push it herself.
Fortunately, Mona has a wonderful service dog named Sam. A service dog is a dog that
has been trained to assist someone who has a physical problem. Sam lets Mona lean on him
when she walks. He also pulls her wheelchair and turns lights on and off. When Mona drops
something, Sam picks it up. He even pulls her socks off at night.
Sam also helps Mona with everyday tasks at school. He carries her books from class to class in
a special backpack. He puts Mona’s completed assignments in her teachers’ homework trays.
In the lunchroom he throws away her trash.
Besides making Mona less dependent on other people, Sam helps her lead a fuller life.
Mona’s classmates flock around Sam like geese. This has helped her make friends. Sam also
helps Mona be more active. With his aid, she raised over $500 in a walk-a-thon for her local
humane society.
Because of Sam, Mona doesn’t have to ask people for help. Sam brings her closer to
other kids. And he even helps her contribute to her community.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
Questions
1) Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Why Mona Loses Her Balance
How Mona’s Service Dog Helps Her
Sam Helps Mona at School
Raising Money for the Humane Society
2) Using the passage as a guide, which of the following dogs is most likely a service dog?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Frank's dog, who turns on the lights when Frank enters the room.
Raul's dog, who fetches the newspaper for Raul while he is busy getting dressed.
Mei's dog, who licks Mei’s face when she cries.
Teddy's dog, who loves to play catch, go on walks, and watch movies with the family.
3) According to the passage, Sam helps Mona by
I. helping her to walk
II. performing everyday tasks for her
III. bringing her closer to her classmates
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
4) In paragraph 4, the author writes, “Mona’s classmates flock around Sam like geese.” Which
of the following literary techniques is used in this sentence?
A. allusion, characterized by a reference to, or representation of, people, places, events,
literary work, myths, or works of art, either directly or by implication
B. personification, characterized by giving human traits to nonhuman things, such as
animals or objects
C. irony, characterized by the use of words to express the opposite of their usual meaning
D. simile, characterized by the making of a comparison using the words “like” or “as”
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) B
A good title summarizes the main idea of the passage and lets the reader know what to expect should he or she read further. In
paragraph 1, the author illustrates Mona's need for assistance with routine activities. In the beginning of paragraph 2, the author
tells us that Mona has a service dog and explains that a service dog helps someone who has a physical problem. In paragraph 3,
the author shows how Mona’s service dog helps her lead a fuller life. In the final paragraph, the author sums up the main ways that
Mona’s service dog helps her. Using this information, we can understand that the main idea of this passage is to explain how
Mona’s service dog, Sam, helps her. Therefore, the best title for the passage would be How Mona’s Service Dog Helps Her, since it
best summarizes the main idea. Choice (B) is correct. The author never explains why Mona has trouble keeping her balance. So (A)
is incorrect. The passage does show that Sam helps Mona at school (C), and that Mona raised money for her local humane society
(D), but these are not main ideas. They are merely details the author uses to support a larger idea. Therefore they are incorrect.
2) A
In paragraph 2, the author tells us a service dog is “a dog that has been trained to assist someone who has a physical problem.”
Later in the paragraph, the author tells us that Mona's service dog "pulls her wheelchair and turns lights on and off." This lets us
know that a service dog does things that help someone who has a physical problem. Since Frank's dog turns on the lights when
Frank enters the room, we can understand that this is something that a dog would do to help someone who has a physical problem.
Therefore, it is most likely that Frank's dog is a service dog. This means choice (A) is correct. Raul's dog helps Raul by fetching the
newspaper while he gets dressed. Although this is helpful, there is no indication that Raul is disabled, or that he needs a dog to do
this work for him. This eliminates choice (B). Although it seems sweet that Mei's dog licks Mei’s face when she cries, this is not an
act of helping her do something that she cannot do on her own. This means (C) is incorrect. (D) is incorrect because Teddy's dog
does not do anything beyond what an ordinary dog would do.
3) C
In paragraph 2, the author tells us that "Sam lets Mona lean on him when she walks." This supports option (I).In paragraph 2, the
passage shows us that Sam performs everyday tasks for Mona, such as pulling off her socks and carrying her schoolbooks. This
supports option (II). In paragraph 3, the author writes, “Mona’s classmates flock around Sam like geese. This has helped her make
friends.” This supports option (III). Therefore (C) is correct.
4) D
The sentence in question uses the word “like” to compare Mona’s classmates to geese. Therefore the above sentence is a simile,
making (D) the correct choice. The above sentence does not reference to, or representation of, people, places, events, literary
work, myths, or works of art, either directly or by implication. Therefore, the above sentence is not an allusion. (A) is incorrect.
Saying that “Mona’s classmates flock around Sam like geese” gives animal traits to human beings, not the reverse. Therefore, the
above sentence does not use personification, and (B) is incorrect. Finally the phrase “flock around Sam like geese” uses words to
express their ordinary meaning. Therefore, the above sentence does not use irony. So (C) is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 5
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
To Whom it May Concern:
On March 5, 2010, I bought a Perfect Muffin Kit from your store at Midfield Mall. The cashier who
assisted me was George. George was very friendly and assured me that the Perfect Muffin Kit would live
up to the guarantee on the box: “Perfect Muffins Every Time!”
Unfortunately, this product did not live up to its claim. Although the box promised, as I stated
above, to provide “Perfect Muffins Every Time,” the muffins I made were far from perfect. I followed the
directions included in the package very carefully. First, I removed the bag of mix from the box. Then, I
poured it into a bowl. Next, I added the correct amount of water to the mix and stirred it. The directions
said that after stirring the mixture, I could, and I quote, “add half a cup of raisins, nuts, berries, or another
favorite ingredient.” My favorite ingredient happens to be hot sauce. I find that a dash of hot sauce makes
pizza, pasta, and soup taste very delicious. So, continuing to follow the directions, I added half a cup of
hot sauce to the mix and stirred it. Finally, I poured the mix into muffin tins and baked it in the oven at 350
degrees for exactly 20 minutes.
When the muffins finished baking, I was very excited to eat the “Perfect Muffins” as promised on
the box. You can imagine my disappointment when, upon tasting the muffins, I discovered that they were
not perfect. These muffins were, in fact, absolutely terrible. Not even my dog was interested in eating
these supposedly “perfect” muffins.
I would appreciate a full refund ($3.99) for this product as soon as possible. Enclosed are the
receipt, the empty box, and one of the un-perfect muffins so that you can experience it for yourself. Thank
you for your prompt attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
Michelle Bauer
Questions
1) This letter is most likely addressed to
A.
B.
C.
D.
the owner of the muffin mix company
a local storeowner
the clerk at a local muffin bakery
George, the cashier who sold Michelle the muffin mix
2) The tone of the author can best be described as
A.
B.
C.
D.
furious
disgusted
embarrassed
frustrated
3) As used in paragraph 1, which is the best synonym for guarantee?
A.
B.
C.
D.
lie
warning
promise
sentence
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
4) Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 2?
A. The paragraph follows chronological order, in which events are presented in the sequence that
they occur.
B. The author explains a problem and then proposes a solution to that problem.
C. The author makes an argument and then provides evidence to support that argument.
D. The paragraph follows a cause-and-effect order, in which a series of causes are given, followed
by their effects.
5) It can be understood that the author is disappointed by the product because
A.
B.
C.
D.
it was worth less money than she paid for it
it did not fulfill the promise made on the box
the directions included with the product contained a mistake
the directions included with the product were too difficult to follow
6) It can be understood that the author put hot sauce in the muffins because she
A.
B.
C.
D.
wanted to get a full refund
did not read the directions carefully
was out of raisins, nuts, and berries
considered it one of her favorite ingredients
7) The author’s main purpose in writing this letter is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
complain about how bad the muffins tasted
obtain a full refund for her money
prevent others from making the same mistake she did
persuade the company to change the wording on their box
8) Which of the following words best describes the author?
A.
B.
C.
D.
shrewd
senseless
unreasonable
careful
9) Instead of hot sauce, which of the following ingredients might the author have reasonably added to
enhance the flavor of the muffins?
I. raspberries
II. banana nuts
III. chocolate chips
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
10) According to the author, the muffins tasted "absolutely terrible." This is the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
misinterpretation
negligence
forgetfulness
recklessness
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) B
In the first paragraph, the author writes that she “bought a Perfect Muffin Kit from your store at Midfield Mall.” This lets us know that
the author is most likely addressing the owner of the store from which she bought the muffin mix. Therefore (B) is correct. The
passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (C), and (D). Therefore they are incorrect.
2) D
In this passage, the author requests a refund for her product. In writing this request, she seems annoyed, or irritated, that the
muffins did not live up to their expectations, even though she took extra care to follow the directions included in the package "very
carefully." In paragraph 3, the author expresses excitement about eating the "Perfect Muffins" as promised on the box. However,
upon trying them, she notices that they taste terrible. Given that she took special care to ensure that she made them correctly, yet
still found them to taste terrible, we can understand that she feels disappointed or thwarted. The word frustrated accurately captures
this sentiment. Therefore (D) is correct. Although she is upset, it is wrong to think the author is furious. This is too strongly negative.
Therefore (A) is incorrect. In paragraph 3 the author says that the muffins tasted "absolutely terrible." Although the muffins may
have tasted disgusting, this is different than saying that the author was disgusted. If someone is disgusted, he or she is offended or
revolted. This is too strongly negative. What is more, this does not capture the idea that the author feels thwarted, as her careful
efforts were not properly rewarded. This means (B) is incorrect. (C) is incorrect because the author is very explicit, or clear and
forthright, in her explanation of why she deserves a refund. Since she holds no reservations in telling the letter's recipient her exact
thoughts, we can understand that her tone is not embarrassed.
3) C
guarantee (noun): a promise of quality; something that assures a specific outcome.
The question asks us to find the best synonym. Synonyms are words that have nearly the same meanings. In the first paragraph,
the author states that the Perfect Muffin Kit had a “guarantee on the box: ‘Perfect Muffins Every Time!’” Using the context in
paragraph 2, we can figure out the meaning of this word. In paragraph 2, the author writes: “Unfortunately, this product did not live
up to this claim. Although the box promised, as I stated above, to provide “Perfect Muffins Every Time,” the muffins I produced were
far from perfect.” The words “claim” and “promise” should help readers understand that a “guarantee” is a promise. This lets us
know that (C) is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (B), and (D). Therefore they are
incorrect.
4) A
In paragraph 2, the author explains the steps she followed in making the muffin using the words “First,” “Then,” “Next,” and “Finally.”
Since these words all are used to describe the order of events in time, this lets us know that the author is using a chronological
order. Therefore (A) is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices (B), (C), and (D). Therefore they are
incorrect.
5) B
According to the author, the Perfect Muffin Kit box guarantees, or promises, that the product will produce “Perfect Muffins Every
Time!” The author’s muffins are not perfect, as they turn out to be “absolutely terrible.” Since this qualifies (in the author's opinion) a
violation of the product's guarantee, we can understand that (B) is correct. (A) is incorrect because although the author requests a
refund in her letter, this does not mean that she thinks the product was worth less money than she paid for it. Rather, she requests a
refund for the product. This means that she would like the full amount paid for the product to be returned to her. Her disappointment
does not result from anything involving the actual price of the product. It may seem like the directions that came with the product
contained a mistake. After all, the author did follow them perfectly as they were written. However, this is not actually the case. Using
the passage as a guide, it can be understood that directions were written with the understanding that their reader is able to
reasonably conclude that "one of your favorite ingredients" does not include something as extreme as hot sauce. Rather, as the
directions suggests, something like raisins, nuts, or berries would be more suitable. Although hot sauce may indeed by one of the
author's favorite ingredients, it is unreasonable to believe that it could be a tasty ingredient in muffins. In any case, one does not
have to be a chef to understand that hot sauce does not go well with muffins. Therefore (C) is incorrect. Although the author did fail
to follow the directions properly, she is unaware of this fact. Therefore, she could not be disappointed by this. This means (D) is
incorrect.
6) D
In paragraph 2, the author states that the directions for the muffin mix tell her to add “half a cup of raisins, nuts, berries, or another
favorite ingredient.” Because the author’s favorite ingredient is hot sauce (and she wants to follow the instructions "very carefully"),
she puts half a cup of hot sauce into the mix. This lets us know that (D) is correct. The passage does not provide information to
support choices (A), (B), and (C). Therefore they are incorrect.
7) B
Paragraphs 1-3 in the author's letter are all intended to provide reasoning behind why the author should be eligible for a "full refund,"
which she asks for in the final paragraph. Given that the majority of the letter is reserved for this purpose, we can understand that it
is the main purpose. This lets us know that (B) is correct. Although the author complains about how bad the muffins tasted, probably
does not want others to make the same mistake as she did, and suggests that the wording on the box was misleading, her main
purpose for writing this letter is to get her money back. Therefore (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect.
8) C
The author lacks the common sense necessary to realize that hot sauce would not be a good ingredient in muffins. Given that the
vast majority of people know that these two foods do not mix well, it is unreasonable of her to request a "full refund" simply because
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
she fails to understand this. Choice (C) is correct. Although the author may seem shrewd in her willingness to write a letter
requesting monetary compensation for her own mistake, this is not as defining an aspect of her character as her inability to reason
properly. Therefore (A) is incorrect. (B) is incorrect because senseless is too strongly negative. We know that the author has some
sense (albeit very little), otherwise she wouldn't have come to the conclusion that hot sauce and muffins don't mix well. While the
author follows the instructions on the box "very carefully," she misses the larger idea that some ingredients simply do not mix well
with others. The failure of her to see this larger idea is a more defining aspect of her character than her desire to follow the
instructions carefully, as it results in her writing of the letter. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
9) D
In paragraph 2, we learn that the directions on the box say to "add half a cup of raisins, nuts, berries, or another favorite ingredient."
Since raspberries are a kind of berry, it is reasonable to think they would enhance the flavor of the muffins. This supports option (I).
Since banana nuts are a kind of nut, it is reasonable to think they would enhance the flavor of the muffins. This supports option (II).
Since chocolate chips are a common favorite, and they are a reasonable ingredient to add to muffins, we can understand that they
would enhance their flavor. This supports option (III). Therefore (D) is correct.
10) A
In paragraph 2, we learn that the directions say to "add half a cup of raisins, nuts, berries, or another favorite ingredient." The author
reads these directions literally, meaning she reads them following the strict meaning of the words. She does not think for herself
about what they may actually mean. So, she does not reason that, although it is one of her favorite ingredients, hot sauce would be
a bad ingredient to add to muffins. Since the author fails to interpret these directions properly, we can understand that they muffins
tasted terrible as a result of a misinterpretation. Choice (A) is correct. The author does not make any careless errors. Actually, her
error comes from following the directions too carefully. Since negligence is carelessness, we can understand that (B) is incorrect.
(C) is incorrect because the author does not forget anything while making the muffins. (D) is incorrect because the author is never
reckless, or wild and irresponsible.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 6
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
The Baxter house is located at the end of the street. This house sits farther back from the curb than
the other houses. It is almost difficult to see from the road without peering behind the deformed oak tree
that has obscured it for years. Even so, the Baxter house stands out from the other houses on the street.
It is tall and white. However, this white is no longer pristinely white, but a dingy grayish cream color. Long
vines hang from the tattered roof. The Baxter house is two stories tall and has a large yard in the back
that has never been mowed. The other houses on the street are a mere one story and have been painted
a variety of colors. The newer, single story properties all appear to have been built around the same time;
the yards mostly being of the same size, and the houses appearing to be clones of one another. Aside
from the Baxter house at the end, this street is a perfect slice of middle America. The inhabitants of the
other houses wonder who lives in the ancient, dilapidated house at the end of the street.
Questions
1) Based on its use in the passage, which of the following statements accurately describes something
that has been obscured?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The tall, thick pine trees in Chloe’s yard provide shade for her house.
A sun visor is one of Ken’s favorite hats, because it helps protect his face from harsh rays.
After it stopped raining, the sun was barely visible through the gray clouds.
Because of his favorite, bright red sweatshirt, Anthony is always easy to spot.
2) What makes the other houses on the street stand out visually from the Baxter house?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The other houses have larger families living in them.
The other houses on the street are a mere one story.
The Baxter house is at the end of the street.
The Baxter house is almost difficult to see from the road.
3) In the middle of the passage, the author writes, “[the Baxter] house is tall and white. However, this
white is no longer pristinely white, but a dingy grayish cream color. Long vines hang from the tattered
roof. The Baxter house is two stories tall and has a large yard in the back that has never been
mowed.” Using this information, it can be concluded that the owner
A.
B.
C.
D.
does not, or cannot, take care of the house
plans on buying a new house soon
thinks the other people in the neighborhood do not like him or his house
cannot afford to care for his or her property
4) Which characteristic makes it clear that the “newer, single story properties all appear to have been
built around the same time”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They have all been painted the same color.
They are all situated next to each other on the street.
There are no other oak trees on this street.
The yards are mostly the same size.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
5) Based on its use in the passage, it can be understood that dilapidated belongs to which of the
following word groups?
A.
B.
C.
D.
rickety, neglected, run-down
ancient, old, primitive
dejected, crushed, melancholy
discarded, abandoned, discharged
6) If this paragraph appeared in a story, it would help develop
A.
B.
C.
D.
character
setting
plot
conflict
7) The inhabitants of the other houses
A.
B.
C.
D.
wonder why the owner does not take care of his or her house
wonder who lives in the ancient, dilapidated house at the end of the street
wish their houses were more uniquely designed
wish they had larger yards
8) This passage is best described as
A.
B.
C.
D.
argumentative
descriptive
informative
persuasive
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) C
obscure (verb): to keep from being seen clearly, conceal.
The author writes that the Baxter house, “is almost difficult to see from the road without peering behind the deformed oak tree that
has obscured it for years.” We can use context clues—hints from known words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase—to
help us figure out what obscure most nearly means. Since the author says that the Baxter house is “difficult to see…without peering
behind the deformed oak tree,” and the tree has obscured it for years, we can conclude that obscure must mean something like to
keep from being seen clearly. If, after it had stopped raining, the sun was barely visible through the gray clouds, we can tell that the
gray clouds have obscured the sun from being seen clearly. This means that the description of the sun after the rain can be
accurately described as something that has been obscured. Therefore (C) is correct. Using the above information, we can tell that
we are looking for the scenario that accurately describes something that has been kept from being seen clearly. If the tall, thick pine
trees in Chloe’s yard provide shade for her house, they do not necessarily keep the house from being seen clearly. This means that
the pine trees do not obscure the house. Since this does not accurately describe something that has been obscured, (A) is incorrect.
Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking for the scenario that accurately describes something that has been kept
from being seen clearly. If a sun visor is one of Ken’s favorite hats, because it helps protect his face from harsh rays, we can tell that
although it might provide shade, the sun visor does not necessarily obscure Ken’s face. This means this does not accurately
describe something that has been obscured. Therefore (B) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking
for the scenario that accurately describes something that has been kept from being seen clearly. If, because of his favorite, bright
red sweatshirt, Anthony is always easy to spot, we can tell that the sweatshirt does not necessarily obscure him. If the bright, red
sweatshirt makes Anthony easier to spot, it actually works to do the opposite of obscure. This lets us know that this does not
accurately describe something that has been obscured, so (D) is incorrect.
2) B
The author writes, “The Baxter house is two stories tall and has a large yard in the back that has never been mowed. The other
houses on the street are a mere one story…” From this, we can tell that the Baxter house stands out visually from the other houses,
which are a mere one story. This means (B) is correct. The author does not provide information to support choice (A). Therefore it is
incorrect. While the author writes, “The Baxter house is located at the end of the street,” this fact does not differentiate it from the
other houses on the street. This means that the other houses on the street do not stand out visually from the Baxter house simply
because it is at the end of the street. Therefore (C) is incorrect. While the author mentions that the Baxter house is “almost difficult
to see from the road,” he or she never mentions that this characteristic makes it stand out visually from the other houses on the
street. This lets us know that the other houses on the street do not stand out visually from the Baxter house, which is almost difficult
to see from the road. This means (D) is incorrect.
3) A
The author writes, “[the Baxter] house is tall and white. However, this white is no longer pristinely white, but a dingy grayish cream
color. Long vines hang from the tattered roof. The Baxter house is two stories tall and has a large yard in the back that has never
been mowed.” Based on the information in this selection, we can tell that the owner does not, or cannot (it is never made clear
which is the case) take care of the house. Various aspects of the house make this clear. For instance: the paint has faded, “long
vines hang from the tattered roof,” and the “yard in the back…has never been mowed.” All of these characteristics are examples of
how the house has not been taken care of. Using this information, it can be concluded that the owner does not, or cannot, take care
of the house. Therefore (A) is correct. The author does not provide information to support choices (B), (C), or (D). Therefore they
are incorrect.
4) D
The author writes, “The newer, single story properties all appear to have been built around the same time; the yards mostly being of
the same size…” The semi-colon after the first sentence in this selection lets us know that the next sentence is reliant on the
sentence that precedes it. Using this information, we can tell that the fact that the yards are mostly the same size makes is clear that
the newer, single story properties all appear to have been built around the same time. This means (D) is correct. The author writes,
“The other houses on the street are a mere one story and have been painted a variety of colors.” This lets us know that the other
houses have not all been painted the same color, which means that this cannot be a characteristic that makes it clear that the newer
homes all appear to have been built around the same time. Therefore (A) is incorrect. While the newer houses may be situated next
to each other on the street, this fact alone does not describe a specific characteristic that differentiates them from the Baxter house.
This lets us know that (B) is incorrect. The author does not mention whether or not there are any other oak trees on this street. This
lets us know that this characteristic does not make it clear that the newer homes all appear to have been built around the same time.
This means (C) is incorrect.
5) A
dilapidated (adjective): in a state of disrepair or ruin.
The author writes, “The inhabitants of the other houses wonder who lives in the ancient, dilapidated house at the end of the street.”
We can use context clues—hints from known words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase—to help us figure out what
dilapidated most nearly means. We know that the “dilapidated house” that the author references is the Baxter house. We can go
back to an earlier description of the Baxter house to help figure out what the author means by the summarizing adjective,
dilapidated, here. Earlier, the author writes that the house’s, “white is no longer pristinely white, but a dingy grayish cream color.
Long vines hang from the tattered roof. The Baxter house is two stories tall and has a large yard in the back that has never been
mowed.” Based on this description, we can tell that the Baxter house is in a state of disrepair or ruin. This lets us know that
dilapidated must mean something like in a state of disrepair or ruin. Rickety, neglected, and run-down all mean something like in a
state of disrepair or ruin. This lets us know that dilapidated belongs to the word group containing rickety, neglected, and run-down.
Therefore (A) is correct. Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking for the word group that contains words that
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
mean something like in a state of disrepair or ruin. Ancient, old, and primitive all have to do with age, not a state of disrepair. This
lets us know that dilapidated does not belong to the word group containing ancient, old, and primitive. This means (B) is incorrect.
Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking for the word group that contains words that mean something like in a
state of disrepair or ruin. Dejected, crushed, and melancholy all relate to mood, not the state of something’s condition. This lets us
know that dilapidated does not belong to the word group containing dejected, crushed, and melancholy. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking for the word group that contains words that mean something like in a
state of disrepair or ruin. Discarded, abandoned, and discharged all mean something like thrown away, left, or sent away. These
words do not mean the same thing as in a state of disrepair or ruin. This lets us know that dilapidated does not belong to the word
group containing discarded, abandoned, and discharged. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
6) B
At the beginning of the paragraph, the author writes, “The Baxter house is located at the end of the street. This house sits farther
back from the curb than the other houses.” The author continues, describing the Baxter house in relation to the other houses. This
shows that the Baxter house and the other houses on the same street will be described. Since we know that houses are places
where people live, and settings describe where a story takes place, we can tell that if this paragraph appeared in a story, it would
help develop setting. This means (B) is correct. Characters are the people in a story. In this paragraph, no people are mentioned.
Instead, a place is described. The author describes the Baxter house in relation to other houses on the street. This lets us know that
if this paragraph appeared in a story, it would not help develop character. Therefore (A) is incorrect. Plot is what happens in a story.
Since nothing happens in this paragraph, we can tell that if this paragraph appeared in a story, it would not help develop plot.
Instead, the author describes the Baxter house in relation to other houses on the street. This means (C) is incorrect. Conflict is the
problem in a story. In this paragraph, there is no problem. Instead, the author describes the Baxter house in relation to other houses
on the street. Since there is no problem in this paragraph, we can tell that if this paragraph appeared in a story, it would not help
develop conflict. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
7) B
The author writes, “The inhabitants of the other houses wonder who lives in the ancient, dilapidated house at the end of the street.”
This lets us know that the inhabitants of the other houses wonder who lives in the ancient, dilapidated house at the end of the street.
Therefore (B) is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices (A), (C), or (D). Therefore they are incorrect.
8) B
The author describes the Baxter house’s paint as “white [that] is no longer pristinely white, but a dingy grayish cream color.” In
addition, the author notes that “long vines hang from the tattered roof,” and that the Baxter house is “two stories tall and has a large
yard in the back that has never been mowed.” All of these characteristics help us visualize the house because they describe it in
such detail. Because the author describes the Baxter house in such detail in this passage, we can tell that this passage is best
described as descriptive, and (B) is correct. An argumentative passage would put forth a claim or argument that could be defended.
In this passage, the author never puts forth a claim or argument, but instead describes houses—particularly the Baxter house—on a
street. This lets us know that this passage is not best described as argumentative. This means (A) is incorrect. In informative
passage teaches, or informs, us about a particular topic. In this passage, we never learn about any specific topic, rather the author
describes the Baxter house and other houses on a street. This lets us know that this passage is not best described as informative.
Therefore (C) is incorrect. A persuasive passage tries to persuade us to follow the author’s opinion about a topic. Here, the author
simply describes the Baxter house and other houses on the street. He or she is not attempting to persuade us about anything. This
lets us know that this passage is not best described as persuasive, so (D) is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 7
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
Arrowheads, which are ancient hunting tools, are often themselves “hunted” for their interesting
value both as artifacts and as art. Some of the oldest arrowheads in the United States date back 12,000
years! They are not very difficult to find. You need only to walk with downcast eyes in a field that has
been recently tilled for the spring planting season, and you might find one.
Arrowheads are tiny stones or pieces of wood, bone, or metal which have been sharpened in
order to create a tipped weapon used in hunting. The material is honed to an edge, usually in a triangular
fashion, and is brought to a deadly tip. On the edge opposite the tip is a flared tail. Though designs vary
depending on the region, purpose, and era of the arrowhead’s origin, the tails serve the same purpose.
The tail of the arrowhead is meant to be strapped onto a shaft, which is a straight wooden piece such as
a spear or an arrow. When combined, the arrowhead point and the shaft become a lethal projectile
weapon to be thrown by arm or shot with a bow at prey.
Indian arrowheads are important artifacts that give archeologists (scientists who study past
human societies) clues about the lives of Native Americans. By analyzing an arrowhead’s shape, they
can determine the advancement of tool technologies among certain Native American groups. By
determining the origin of the arrowhead material (bone, rock, wood, or metal), they can trace the patterns
of travel and trade of the hunters. By examining the location of the arrowheads, archeologists can map
out hunting grounds and other social patterns.
Arrowheads are commonly found along riverbanks or near creek beds because animals drawn to
natural water sources to sustain life were regularly found drinking along the banks. For this reason,
riverbeds were a prime hunting ground for the Native Americans. Now, dry and active riverbeds are prime
hunting grounds for arrowhead collectors.
Indian arrowheads are tiny pieces of history that fit in the palm of your hand. They are diary
entries in the life of a hunter. They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt. They are symbolic of the
eternal struggle between life and death.
Questions
1) According to the passage, which of the following is not a material from which arrowheads were
made?
A.
B.
C.
D.
wood
glass
bone
stone
2) As it is used in paragraph 2, which is the best antonym for honed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
flattened
chopped
dulled
baked
© Copyright EnglishForEveryone.Org, 2012. All rights reserved.
3) As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for projectile?
A.
B.
C.
D.
shaped like a triangle
no longer in use
unsophisticated in form
designed to be thrown
4) Which of the following subjects would not be something an archeologist would study?
A. the plants that humans used for food and medicine before refrigeration
B. the effects on fish of pollution caused by modern-day companies
C. the materials used for clothing and shelter in North America prior to contact with the English
colonists
D. the rate at which technology advanced between the years 10,000 BC and 100 BC
5) Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. Archeologists can determine many things about Native American societies simply by looking at
an arrowhead.
B. Archeologists are scientists who study a range of events that have already occurred.
C. Arrowheads represent the only way to determine how Native Americans lived in the past.
D. Archeologists know so much about ancient societies because they have conducted extensive
research about them.
6) Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Native American Foods and Hunting
The Significance of the Arrowhead
How an Archeologist Finds Artifacts
Spring Hobbies: 5 Ways to Spend Your Day Outside
7) In the final paragraph, the author writes, “They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt. They are
symbolic of the eternal struggle between life and death." Which of the following is the best way to
combine these two sentences, while keeping their original meaning?
A. They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt, so are symbolic of the eternal struggle between life
and death.
B. They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt, but are symbolic of the eternal struggle between
life and death.
C. They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt, or are symbolic of the eternal struggle between life
and death.
D. They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt, and are symbolic of the eternal struggle between
life and death.
© Copyright EnglishForEveryone.Org, 2012. All rights reserved.
Answers and Explanations
1) B
In paragraph 2, we learn that “Arrowheads are tiny stones or pieces of wood, bone, or metal which have been sharpened in order to
create a tipped weapon used in hunting.” In paragraph 3, the author again mentions arrowhead material as being “bone, rock, wood,
or metal.” Since glass is not mentioned in the passage, we can infer that arrowheads were not made from glass. This means that
(B) is correct. Based on the information in paragraph 2, we know that arrowheads were made from wood, bone, and stone. This
makes choices (A), (C), and (D) incorrect.
2) C
honed (adjective): made sharp or pointed.
This question asks us to find the best antonym. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. In paragraph 2, we learn that
“Arrowheads are tiny stones or pieces of wood, bone, or metal which have been sharpened in order to create a tipped weapon used
in hunting. The material is honed to an edge, usually in a triangular fashion, and is brought to a deadly tip.” Honing forms the edge
of the arrowhead, and eventually the “deadly tip.” Because we know from the first sentence that arrowheads have been
“sharpened,” we can infer that honed means something similar to sharpened. The opposite of sharpened, or honed, is dulled.
Therefore (C) is correct. Flattened means to have made flat. This is different from sharpened, but it is not opposite, so (A) is
incorrect. Chopped means to have cut off. This is different from sharpened, but not opposite, so (B) is incorrect. Baked means to
have cooked or dried out. This is not related to sharpened. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
3) D
projectile (adjective): capable of being thrown or hurled forward.
In paragraph 2, we learn how an arrowhead is made and used. Once it has been sharpened, “the tail of the arrowhead is meant to
be strapped onto a shaft, which is a straight wooden piece such as a spear or an arrow. When combined, the arrowhead point and
the shaft become a lethal projectile weapon to be thrown by arm or shot with a bow at prey.” From these sentences, we can infer
that the arrowhead is strapped onto something long and straight, like a spear or an arrow. This new object, with both “the arrowhead
point and the shaft,” becomes a “lethal projectile weapon to be thrown…” Because this weapon must be thrown by someone’s arm
or else shot by a bow, we can infer that projectile means capable of being thrown through the air. This means that (D) is the best
answer. An arrowhead is sharpened to a triangular point, but the “projectile weapon” is the combination of the arrowhead and the
shaft, which is not shaped like a triangle. Also, we know from context that what makes the weapon a “projectile” is the fact that it is
thrown. Therefore (A) is incorrect. Archeologists do study arrowheads to learn about past Native American societies, but the
passage does not contain information to make us think this weapon is no longer in use. Plenty of people today who are not Native
Americans still shoot arrows from a bow, which is an example of a projectile weapon. This means (B) is incorrect. The passage
does not provide information to suggest that this weapon is unsophisticated in form. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
4) B
In paragraph 3, we learn that “Indian arrowheads are important artifacts that give archeologists (scientists who study past human
societies) clues about the lives of Native Americans.” From the definition in parentheses, we can understand that archeologists are
scientists who study past human societies. So the best answer to this question will be something that is not related to past human
societies. The effects on fish of pollution caused by modern-day companies are a problem for modern-day society, so it is not
related to the past. This means (B) is correct. The plants that humans used for food and medicine before refrigeration are related to
the past, since they were used “before refrigeration.” This eliminates (A). The materials used for clothing and shelter in North
America prior to contact with the English colonists are related to the past, since these materials were used hundreds of years ago.
This eliminates (C). The rate at which technology advanced between the years 10,000 BC and 100 BC is very much a thing of the
past. This eliminates (D).
5) A
We often learn the main idea of a paragraph by examining its topic sentence (usually the first sentence). In paragraph 3, the first
sentence is: “Indian arrowheads are important artifacts that give archeologists (scientists who study past human societies) clues
about the lives of Native Americans.” The rest of the paragraph gives details about these clues, telling us what archeologists learn.
For example, they learn about “tool technologies,” “patterns of travel and trade,” and “hunting grounds and other social patterns.”
From these details, we can understand that the main idea of paragraph 3 is that archeologists can determine many things about
Native American societies simply by looking at an arrowhead. Therefore (A) is correct. While it is true that archeologists are
scientists who study a range of events that have occurred, the definition of archeologists is only a minor detail of paragraph 3, not
the main idea. This means (B) is incorrect. Arrowheads are one way to determine how Native Americans lived in the past, but the
paragraph does not say that they are the only way. This makes (C) incorrect. While it may be true that archeologists know so much
about ancient societies because they have conducted extensive research about them, paragraph 3 does not give us this
information. Therefore this cannot be the main idea of paragraph 3. This means that (D) is incorrect.
6) B
A good title lets readers know what to expect should they continue reading further. It also incorporates the main idea of the passage
without being too broad or too narrow. Paragraphs 1 and 2 describe arrowheads and how they were used. Paragraphs 3 and 4
detail what archeologists have learned about past Native American societies based on studying arrowheads. The conclusion, in
paragraph 5, offers a good summary of the main idea of the passage: “Indian arrowheads are tiny pieces of history that fit in the
palm of your hand.” Since the passage is primarily concerned with the significance of arrowheads, (B) is correct. Although the
passage does describe a Native American hunting technique, it does not describe foods at all. Since “Native American Foods and
Hunting” is too broad a title, (A) is incorrect. The passage mentions archeologists and artifacts, but it does not contain information
© Copyright EnglishForEveryone.Org, 2012. All rights reserved.
about how an archeologist finds artifacts. Therefore (C) is incorrect. In paragraph 1, the author says that looking for arrowheads is
one way to spend a spring day outside, but there are no other ways mentioned in the passage. This makes (D) incorrect.
7) D
It is grammatically correct to combine two sentences (also known as independent clauses) with a comma and a conjunction.
Combining the final two sentences of this passage in such a way means we must choose the proper conjunction. The first sentence,
They are museum pieces that hide in the dirt, is a description of arrowheads. The second sentence, They are symbolic of the eternal
struggle between life and death, is another description of arrowheads. These two descriptions carry equal weight and therefore
should be given the same emphasis as two related, equally important ideas. “And” is the best conjunction to show the relationship
between these two ideas. Therefore (D) is correct. “So” suggests that the second idea is a result of the first idea, but that is not the
case here. This means (A) is incorrect. “But” suggests a contrast between the first idea and the second idea. Since no contrast
exists here, (B) is incorrect. “Or” suggests a choice between the first idea and the second idea, but there is no choice here. This
means (C) is incorrect.
© Copyright EnglishForEveryone.Org, 2012. All rights reserved.
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Reading Comprehension 8
Level 6
Directions: Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.
In this passage, Vinnie and Esmeralda give their opinions about a new painting by Marcello
Vasquez.
Vinnie:
The new painting is spectacular! It is certainly the best work ever completed by Marcello
Vasquez. I like the new painting for several reasons. First, the painting is large. It almost covers the entire
wall! Second, the painting is inexpensive. Normally, a painting like this would cost thousands of dollars.
But this painting costs less than $500. Third, the painting is colorful. Red and green dominate the canvas,
peppered with bright spots of yellow.
Esmeralda:
The new painting is horrendous! Marcello Vasquez should be ashamed of his work. I haven't
seen a painting this bad in a long time. I dislike the new painting for several reasons. First, the painting is
far too large. It almost covers the entire wall! I think small paintings are better than large ones. Second,
the painting is inexpensive. This tells me that Vasquez must have been unable to sell the painting for a
higher price. Now he is desperate. As a result, it appears he is trying to give the painting away. Third, the
painting is colorful. Although I usually like a painting to be colorful, I strongly dislike the colors Vasquez
uses. To put it plainly, the combination of red, green, and yellow is ugly.
Questions
1) With respect to how they like the new painting, Vinnie and Esmeralda
A.
B.
C.
D.
agree
strongly agree
disagree
strongly disagree
2) The cost of the new painting could be
I. $49
II. $499
III. $500
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
3) Vinnie and Esmeralda both view the new painting as
I. large
II. inexpensive
III. colorful
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
4) Based on its use by Esmeralda, it can be understood that desperate belongs to which of the
following word groups?
A.
B.
C.
D.
passionate, enthusiastic, excited
idiotic, silly, foolish
anxious, worried, troubled
impoverished, broke, poor
5) As used in the passage, which of the following words always has/have a negative meaning?
I. spectacular
II. horrendous
III. inexpensive
A.
B.
C.
D.
I only
II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
6) Vinnie and Esmeralda go to see another painting. The painting is small, expensive, and colorful. Who
would probably like this painting?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vinnie
Esmeralda
Both Vinnie and Esmeralda
Neither Vinnie nor Esmeralda
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
Answers and Explanations
1) D
By looking at both Vinnie and Esmeralda’s opinions, we can determine whether or not, and to what extent, they agree about the
painting. Vinnie says, “The new painting is spectacular!” This means that Vinnie does not just like the painting, he thinks it is really
amazing. Since he thinks the painting is spectacular, he must really like it. In contrast, Esmeralda says, “The new painting is
horrendous!” This means she really dislikes the painting. The exclamation point at the end of each of their statements strongly
emphasizes the emotion with which they each like or dislike the painting. Using this information, we can see that with respect to how
they like the new painting, Vinnie and Esmeralda strongly disagree. Therefore (D) is correct. Using the above information, we can
tell that Vinnie thinks Vasquez’s painting is “spectacular,” whereas Esmeralda finds it “horrendous.” Since these descriptive words
express opposite opinions, we would not say that with respect to how they like the new painting, Vinnie and Esmeralda agree.
Therefore (A) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that Vinnie thinks Vasquez’s painting is “spectacular,” whereas
Esmeralda finds it “horrendous.” Since these descriptive words express opposite opinions, we would not say that with respect to
how they like the new painting, Vinnie and Esmeralda strongly agree. Therefore (B) is incorrect. While it’s true, using the above
information, that Vinnie and Esmeralda disagree about Vasquez’s painting, we can see that this is not the best choice. Because the
words “spectacular” and “horrendous” express very strong feelings about something, to simply say that Vinnie and Esmeralda
disagree is not quite strong enough. Also, the exclamation points at the end of each of their statements show just how strongly they
feel about the painting. Because it is more accurate to say they strongly disagree, we would not say that with respect to how they
like the new painting, Vinnie and Esmeralda disagree. This means (C) is incorrect.
2) B
Vinnie says that “this painting costs less than $500.” Since the painting costs less than $500, and $49 is less than $500, the cost of
the new painting could be $49. This supports option (I). Vinnie says that “this painting costs less than $500.” Since the painting
costs less than $500, and $499 is less than $500, the cost of the new painting could be $499. This supports option (II). Vinnie says
that “this painting costs less than $500.” Since the painting costs less than $500, and $500 is not less than $500 (it is actually the
same price), the cost of the new painting could not be $500. This eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
3) D
Vinnie says, “the painting is large.” Esmeralda sees the painting as so big that she believes, “the painting is far too large.” Using this
information, we can tell that both Vinnie and Esmeralda view the new painting as large. This supports option (I). Vinnie says, “the
painting is inexpensive.” Esmeralda also says, “the painting is inexpensive.” Using this information, we can tell that both Vinnie and
Esmeralda view the new painting as inexpensive. This supports option (II). Vinnie says, “the painting is colorful.” Esmeralda also
notes that, “the painting is colorful.” Using this information, we can tell that both Vinnie and Esmeralda view the new painting as
colorful. This supports option (III). Therefore (D) is correct.
4) C
desperate (adjective): tried when everything else has failed.
Esmeralda says, “Now he is desperate.” We can use context clues—hints from known words or phrases around the unknown word
or phrase—to help us figure out what desperate most nearly means. Before her statement that Vasquez is desperate, Esmeralda
says, “Second, the painting is inexpensive. This tells me that Vasquez must have been unable to sell the painting for a higher price.”
If Esmeralda feels that Vasquez is desperate, and “he is trying to give the painting away,” because he was unable to sell it for a
higher price, desperate must describe how someone feels when they have tried everything else and failed. It must be a bad feeling,
that causes someone to feel despair, since they have been unsuccessful. Using this information, we can tell that anxious, worried,
and troubled equally describe bad feelings that arise when someone is worried about being unsuccessful. This means that
desperate belongs to the word group containing anxious, worried, and troubled. Therefore (C) is correct. Using the above
information, we can tell that we are looking for the word group that contains words that most nearly mean tried when everything else
has failed. Passionate, enthusiastic, and excited are all words that describe things in a positive way. If Esmeralda feels that Vasquez
is desperate, and “he is trying to give the painting away,” because he was unable to sell it for a higher price, desperate must
describe how someone feels when they have tried everything else and failed. Since we can see that the sort of frustration
experienced from being desperate is negative, we can tell that desperate does not belong to the word group containing passionate,
enthusiastic, and excited. Therefore (A) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking for the word group
that contains words that most nearly mean tried when everything else has failed. Based on Esmeralda’s use of the word, we can tell
that it is not a very good thing to be or appear to be desperate. Even though idiotic, silly, and foolish are all words that describe
something in a negative way, they are too specific and mean something different than tried when everything else has failed. Also,
these words are usually applied to describe a person, rather than a person’s actions. Desperate typically describes a person’s
actions; in this case Vasquez’s selling the painting for cheap. This lets us know that desperate does not belong to the word group
containing idiotic, silly, and foolish. Therefore (B) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that we are looking for the
word group that contains words that most nearly mean tried when everything else has failed. Impoverished, broke, and poor all
describe the state of not having much money. This means something different from tried when everything else has failed. This lets
us know that desperate does not belong to the word group containing impoverished, broke, and poor. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
5) B
spectacular (adjective): beautiful in a dramatic and eye-catching way.
horrendous (adjective): extremely unpleasant, horrifying, or terrible.
ugly (adjective): unpleasant or repulsive in appearance.
Vinnie says, “The new painting is spectacular!” We can use context clues—hints from known words or phrases around the unknown
word or phrase—to help us figure out what spectacular most nearly means. After Vinnie makes this exclamation, he says, “It is
certainly the best work ever completed by Marcello Vasquez.” If the painting is both spectacular and Vasquez’s best work, we can
conclude that spectacular must mean something good. Therefore it must have a positive meaning. This lets us know that based on
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
its use in the passage, spectacular does not always have a negative meaning. This eliminates option (I). Esmeralda says, “The new
painting is horrendous!” We can use context clues—hints from known words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase—to
help us figure out what horrendous most nearly means. After Esmeralda makes this exclamation, she says, “Marcello Vasquez
should be ashamed of his work.” If Vasquez’s work—his new painting—is both horrendous and something he should be ashamed
of, we can conclude that something horrendous must not be good. This lets us know that based on its use in the passage, the word
horrendous always has a negative meaning, and it supports option (II). Both Vinnie and Esmeralda say, “the painting is
inexpensive.” We can use context clues—hints from known words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase—to help us figure
out what inexpensive most nearly means. Using the above information, we can tell that Vinnie likes the painting, so he must think it
a good thing that Vasquez’s work is inexpensive. Using the above information, we can tell that Esmeralda does not like Vasquez’s
work, so she must think it a bad thing that the painting is inexpensive. For this reason, it is unclear whether the word inexpensive
describes a positive or a negative attribute of Vasquez’s new work. Based on its use in the passage, the word inexpensive does not
always have a negative meaning. This eliminates option (III). Therefore (B) is correct.
6) B
Esmeralda says, “I think small paintings are better than large ones.” This means she likes small paintings. In addition, she criticizes
the inexpensive price of Vasquez’s new painting because according to her “he is trying to give the painting away.” Therefore, she
must like expensive paintings. Finally Esmeralda says, “I usually like a painting to be colorful.” Using this information, we can
conclude that if Vinnie and Esmeralda go to see another painting that is small, expensive, and colorful, Esmeralda would probably
like it since these are qualities of paintings she likes. Therefore (B) is correct. Although Vinnie likes colorful paintings, he also likes
large, inexpensive paintings like Vasquez’s new work. This lets us know that if Vinnie and Esmeralda go to see another painting that
is small, expensive, and colorful, Vinnie would probably not like it. This means (A) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can
tell that Vinnie would probably not like the painting, since he likes large, inexpensive paintings. This means that if Vinnie and
Esmeralda go to see another painting that is small, expensive, and colorful, it is not likely that both of them would like it. Therefore
(C) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that Esmeralda would probably like a small, expensive, and colorful
painting. This means that if Vinnie and Esmeralda go to see another painting that is small, expensive, and colorful, it is not likely that
neither of them would like it. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Sentence Completion 1
Level 6
Directions: Complete the sentence using the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. Although it’s not remotely frightening
5. The other children did not want
in the daylight, the estate takes on
quality at night.
Alexander to play with them, so they
him from their game.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an eerie
a stately
a jovial
an optimistic
a marvelous
2. I have always preferred
areas
to
ones, because I really like
the countryside.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
city … downtown
rural … urban
attractive … beautiful
quiet … tranquil
magnificent … majestic
3. Though the accident damaged the car
exchanged
exhibited
exposed
examined
excluded
6. Apart from the one small river running
through it, the desert is entirely
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
arid
humid
remote
temperate
moist
7. Eleanor is
pretty severely, mechanics were able
to
it and make it almost good
as new.
peanuts: the
smallest taste of peanut butter can
stop her breathing and put her in the
hospital.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
destroy
build
salvage
hinder
cure
4. Silvio first arranged the anthology in
order based on when the
writers published each piece, but he
later switched to
ordering
system based on the spelling of the
authors’ names.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
reverse … a straightforward
random … an orderly
mathematical … a geometric
chronological … an alphabetical
original … a superior
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
enamored of
allergic to
intrigued by
interested in
fatal to
8. The dancer tried to
the
movements of his teacher, exactly
copying every graceful step.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
plagiarize
interpret
mimic
possess
refine
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The main clue in this question is the word “although,” which means that two things are related in a negative or opposite way.
Here, the prompt implies that the estate is one way in the daylight and the opposite of that at night. So, if it is not “frightening in
the daylight,” it must be scary at night. Because eerie means strange and frightening, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because it does not set up an opposite relationship. Stately means impressive or majestic in appearance. This
has no relationship to something that is “not remotely frightening.”
(C) is incorrect because it does not set up an opposite relationship. Jovial means cheerful and friendly, but the opposite of “not
remotely frightening” is frightening, not friendly.
(D) is incorrect because it does not set up an opposite relationship. Optimistic means hopeful, but the opposite of “not remotely
frightening” is frightening, not hopeful.
(E) is incorrect because it does not set up an opposite relationship. Marvelous means extraordinary, but the opposite of “not
remotely frightening” is frightening, not impressive or extraordinary.
2) B
The main clue in this question is the word “because,” which sets up a cause-and-effect relationship between parts of a
sentence. The fact that “I really like the countryside” explains why the narrator prefers one type of area to another. The fact that
he or she prefers one to another sets up an opposite relationship, too, so the correct choice will provide a pair of opposites that
imply the narrator prefers the countryside. Rural means relating to the countryside, while urban means relating to the city.
These are opposites, so choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. City means characteristic of a large town, while downtown
means characteristic of a central area of a town. These words have similar meanings, not opposite meanings.
(C) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Attractive means pretty or easy to look at, while beautiful
means extremely pretty. These words have similar meanings, not opposite meanings.
(D) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Quiet means free from noise or disturbance, while tranquil
means calm and peaceful. These words have similar meanings, not opposite meanings.
(E) is incorrect because it does not provide a pair of opposites. Magnificent means impressively beautiful, while majestic means
having impressive beauty. These words have similar meanings, not opposite meanings.
3) C
The main clue in this question is the word “and,” which links parts of a sentence that state similar information. This means there
is a relationship between what the “mechanics were able to” do to the damaged car and the fact that they made it “almost good
as new.” The missing word describes what the mechanics did to the car, and since salvage means to rescue something from
potential ruin or severe damage, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because destroy means to completely ruin something beyond repair. The prompt implies that the mechanics
actually did the opposite of this, since they made the car “almost good as new.”
(B) is incorrect because build means to construct from simple parts. Nothing in the prompt implies that the mechanics
constructed the car from parts, as the car was damaged, not split into simple parts.
(D) is incorrect because hinder means to create difficulties for something. The prompt implies that the mechanics actually did
the opposite of this, since they made the car “almost good as new.”
(E) is incorrect because cure means to bring back to full health. Cars cannot be cured, since only living things can be cured.
4) D
The main clues in this question are the phrases “based on when the writers published each piece” and “based on the spelling
of the authors’ names.” The first phrase relates to the first missing word, so the first missing word must deal with time. The
second phrase relates to the second missing word, so that the second missing word must relate to names. Chronologically
means ordered by time with the earliest event being placed first, while alphabetically means ordered in the same order as the
letters of the alphabet. Therefore, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not provide a logical relationship. Reverse means in the opposite order, while straightforward
means uncomplicated and easy to understand. Neither word relates to either time or names, so this choice is not correct.
(B) is incorrect because it does not provide a logical relationship. Random means without a logical order, while orderly means
carefully arranged. Neither word relates to either time or names, so this choice is not correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(C) is incorrect because it does not provide a logical relationship. Mathematical means relating to the science of numbers and
spaces, while geometric means relating to the science of shapes and mathematical spaces. Neither word relates to either time
or names, so this choice is not correct.
(E) is incorrect because it does not provide a logical relationship. Original means first or primary, while superior means higher
in rank or quality. Neither word relates to either time or names, so this choice is not correct.
5) E
The main clue in this question is the word “so,” which implies a cause-and-effect relationship between the two parts of the
sentence. This means that the children did something to Alexander as a result of not wanting him to play with them. When
children do not want another to play with them, they usually do not let him play, so the missing word should reflect this.
Because exclude means to deny access, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because it does not complete a logical cause-and-effect relationship. Exchanged means traded or gave
something in return for something else. The children are not able to trade Alexander, and the fact that they did not want to play
with him would not likely cause them to trade him, so this choice is illogical.
(B) is incorrect because it does not complete a logical cause-and-effect relationship. Exhibited means displayed for others to
see. The fact that the children did not want to play with Alexander would not likely cause them to show him off, so this choice is
illogical.
(C) is incorrect because it does not complete a logical cause-and-effect relationship. Exposed means revealed something that
was previously covered up. The fact that the children did not want to play with Alexander would not likely cause them to expose
him, so this choice is illogical.
(D) is incorrect because it does not complete a logical cause-and-effect relationship. Examined means studied closely. The fact
that the children did not want to play with Alexander would not likely cause them to study him, so this choice is illogical.
6) A
The main clue in this question is the phrase “apart from,” which means that something is an exception to an overall pattern or
rule. In this question, “one small river” is the exception to how “the desert” usually is. The correct choice must describe a quality
opposite from those that can describe a river. Since a river contains flowing water, the desert must contain no other water.
Because arid means dry, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because humid means hot and wet. Although deserts are often hot, they are not usually wet. Additionally, this
choice does not set up an opposite relationship with “river.”
(C) is incorrect because remote means far away. The prompt does not give any indication of how far away the desert is.
Furthermore, this choice does not set up any relationship with the “small river.”
(D) is incorrect because temperate means mild and moderate. Most deserts are extremely hot, not only mildly hot.
Furthermore, this choice does not set up any relationship with the “small river.”
(E) is incorrect because moist means wet or damp. This could describe the area immediately around the “river,” but not the
desert as a whole, especially given the fact the “small river” is an exception to how the rest of the desert is.
7) B
The main clue in this question is the colon ( : ), which separates explanatory information from the rest of a sentence. This
means that there is a logical relationship between how Eleanor reacts to peanuts and the fact that one taste of peanut butter
can put her in serious danger. The missing word describes how she reacts to peanuts, and since they send her to the hospital,
she must react poorly to them. Because allergic means having a damaging and abnormal response in the body to something,
choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because enamored means very fond of or in love with. Nothing in the prompt indicates that Eleanor likes
peanuts at all; in fact, the prompt implies that she cannot eat peanuts in the first place.
(C) is incorrect because intrigued means interested in or curious about. Nothing in the prompt indicates that Eleanor is curious
about peanuts; in fact, the prompt implies that she cannot even eat peanuts.
(D) is incorrect because interested means intrigued by or curious about. Nothing in the prompt indicates that Eleanor is curious
about peanuts; in fact, the prompt implies that she cannot even eat peanuts.
(E) is incorrect because fatal means causing death in. Peanuts can cause Eleanor’s death, but Eleanor cannot kill peanuts.
This choice does not work in context.
8) C
The main clue in this question is the phrase “exactly copying,” which, like the missing word, describes what the dancer did. The
missing word must, therefore, imply that the dancer copied “the movements of his teacher.” Because mimic means to copy or
attempt to copy, choice (C) is correct.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
(A) is incorrect because plagiarize means to copy in a way that is unfair and illegal. Plagiarism involves taking someone else’s
work and trying to claim it as your own. Although it is related to the clue about “exactly copying,” it does not work in context,
since the prompt does not imply that the student is claiming his teacher’s moves as his own.
(B) is incorrect because interpret means to explain or understand. This does not work because interpreting is not the same as
copying.
(D) is incorrect because possess means to take ownership of or have something. This does not work because owning
something is not the same as copying it.
(E) is incorrect because refine means to improve or make better. The prompt says the dancer was “exactly copying” his
teacher’s moves, not trying to improve them.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Sentence Completion 2
Level 6
Directions: Complete the sentence using the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. The professor told her students about
5. A new rule prohibits students from
the project months in advance so that
they would have
time to
complete their work.
on campus after school, so,
now, all students must leave campus
by 4 PM.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
chronological
constant
insufficient
ample
standard
arriving
remaining
dining
returning
fighting
6. My mother’s
2. Because the soldier fought so
valiantly, he was
by the
president who awarded him an
honorary medal.
salary never left
us with enough money to afford
luxuries such as vacations, new cars,
or nice clothes.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
commended
rejected
encountered
ambushed
chastised
3. Stalin often purged the Communist
7. Trying to teach a dog to speak English
Party of his enemies and
in
order to eliminate
and
maintain his control over the party.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
meager
unlimited
supportive
tremendous
prosperous
is
task; the creature will never
be able to use language like we do.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
supporters … dispute
maniacs … rebellion
fugitives … power
associates … cooperation
rivals … dissent
a worthwhile
an admirable
a futile
a respectable
a fruitful
8. Marie had never seen anything as
4. Northampton High School is
:
students come from 24 different
countries and speak 15 languages.
as the Grand Canyon before;
she wanted to
at its beauty
forever.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
diverse
uniform
local
similar
identical
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
striking … marvel
phenomenal … scoff
picturesque … laugh
enormous … stare
grotesque … look
1
Answers and Explanations
1) D
The main clue in this question is the phrase “months in advance.” Since the professor told the students about the project far in
advance, they had plenty of time to complete it. The missing word describes how much time the students had, so it should
imply that they had lots of time. Because ample means enough or more than enough, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because chronological means sequentially ordered on the basis of time. This choice does not work because
chronological is not the same as enough or plenty.
(B) is incorrect because constant means never ending or stopping. This choice does not work because constant is not the
same as enough or plenty.
(C) is incorrect because insufficient means not enough. This is the exact opposite of a correct choice, given that the professor
made the project known to her students “months in advance.”
(E) is incorrect because standard means common or regular. This choice does not work because standard is not the same as
enough or plenty.
2) A
The main clue in this question is the word “because,” which sets up a cause-and-effect relationship between two parts of the
sentence. This means that what the missing word describes is the effect of the fact that “the soldier fought so valiantly.” When
one fights valiantly, one fights bravely, and one who fights bravely is usually praised in some way. Because commended
means praised formally, choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because rejected means turned down. The prompt implies that the soldier was not turned down by the
president, as he was awarded a medal.
(C) is incorrect because encountered means met or found. This choice does not work because the prompt implies that the
president did more than simply meet the soldier, as the president also awarded a medal to the soldier.
(D) is incorrect because ambushed means attacked by surprise. This does not describe what the President would do to a
valiant soldier.
(E) is incorrect because chastised means punished. This is the opposite of what the president did to the soldier, since one
does not punish someone who is being awarded a medal.
3) E
The main clues in this question are the word “and” and the phrase “in order to.” The former is the clue for the first missing word,
while the latter is the clue for the second missing word. “And” is used to link parts of a sentence that state similar information,
so the first missing word must be similar to “enemies” and imply a group that does not support Stalin. “In order to” sets up a
cause-and-effect relationship, meaning there has to be a connection between what Stalin did and what he was trying to
“eliminate.” By purging his party of enemies, he would have been trying to eliminate those who disagreed with him. The second
missing word must reflect this. Because rivals are people who challenge one another, and dissent is disagreement or the
holding of a rival opinion or viewpoint, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because only the second word could work in context. Supporters are people who approve of and encourage
someone. This does not work for the first blank. However, dispute is argument or disagreement, which would work for the
second blank.
(B) is incorrect because only the second word could work in context. Maniacs are people who exhibit wild behavior. This does
not work for the first blank, since a maniac is not the same as an enemy. However, rebellion is an act of violent opposition to a
government or ruler, which would work for the second blank.
(C) is incorrect because neither word works in context. Fugitives are people hiding from the police to avoid being arrested,
while power is political control. Neither word sets up a logical relationship to the fact that Stalin “purged the Communist party of
his enemies.”
(D) is incorrect because neither word works in context. Associates are partners or colleagues, not “enemies,” and cooperation
is the act of working together to achieve a goal. Stalin would not try to purge his party of enemies to eliminate cooperation.
4) A
The main clue in this question is the colon ( : ), which is used to separate explanatory information from the rest of a sentence.
This means that what comes after the colon explains or elaborates on what the missing word states. Since the prompt states
that the school contains students from 24 countries who speak 15 languages, the missing word must reflect that the school
contains many types of students. Diverse means showing a great deal of variety, so choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because uniform means of a similar character of form throughout. This is the opposite of a correct choice, since
a school with students from all over the world who speak several languages would not be considered uniform.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(C) is incorrect because local means belonging to a particular neighborhood. Nothing in the prompt indicates that Northampton
High is a local school, as most local schools do not contain students from all around the world.
(D) is incorrect because similar means alike. The students at Northampton are actually not all that similar to one another: they
come from 24 countries and speak 15 languages.
(E) is incorrect because identical means exactly alike. The students at Northampton are actually not identical to one another:
they come from 24 countries and speak 15 languages.
5) B
The main clue in this question is the word “so,” which sets up a logical relationship between the two parts of the sentence it
links. This means that there is a logical relationship between the new rule and the fact that “all students must leave campus by
4 PM.” The new rule “prohibits” students from doing something “after school,” and since they now have to leave campus by 4
PM, it follows that the new rule must not allow them to stay on campus after school. Because remaining means staying in the
same place, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because arriving means reaching or entering a place. At the end of the school day, students would already be
at school, so it would not make sense for the school to “prohibit students from” arriving “on campus after school.”
(C) is incorrect because dining means eating a meal. This does not work because dining has no relationship to the fact that
“students must leave campus.”
(D) is incorrect because returning means coming back to a place one left. At the end of the school day, students would already
be at school, so it would not make sense for the school to “prohibit students from” coming back “after school.”
(E) is incorrect because fighting means engaging in violent conflict. This does not work because fighting has no relationship to
the fact that “students must leave campus.”
6) A
The main clue in this question is the phrase “never left us with enough money.” This means that “my mother’s salary” must
have been so small that luxuries could not be afforded. The missing word describes the salary, so it must be a word that
means small. Meager means lacking in quantity, so choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because unlimited means without any boundary or limit. An unlimited salary would provide infinite amounts of
money, meaning the narrator’s family would have been able to afford luxuries.
(C) is incorrect because supportive means helpful. This does not work because almost any salary is supportive, so a salary that
is supportive would not necessarily prevent someone from being able “to afford luxuries.”
(D) is incorrect because tremendous means very large. If the mother’s salary were large, then the family could afford “luxuries
such as vacations, new cars, or nice clothes,” though the prompt states the opposite of this.
(E) is incorrect because prosperous means economically favorable or wealthy. If the mother’s salary made her wealthy, then
the family would have been able to afford “luxuries such as vacations, new cars, or nice clothes,” though the prompt states the
opposite of this.
7) C
The main clue in this question is the semicolon ( ; ), which links independent clauses that are logically related to each other.
This means that the fact that a dog “will never be able to use language like we do” relates to the type of task that “trying to
teach a dog” English is. The missing word must reflect that it is pointless to teach a dog English, then, since a dog cannot use
language like we do. Because futile means pointless or incapable of producing an effective result, choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because worthwhile means valuable. A worthwhile task is one that is worth the time and energy spent to
complete it, so this is the opposite of a correct choice. Teaching a dog English will never be worth the time spent attempting to
do so, since the desired outcome will never be achieved.
(B) is incorrect because admirable means attracting the admiration or respect of others. The prompt does not imply that
teaching a dog English is respected, since it only states that a dog will never be able to use English like humans do.
(D) is incorrect because respectable means attracting the admiration or respect of others. The prompt does not imply that
teaching a dog English is respected, since it only states that a dog will never be able to use English like humans do.
(E) is incorrect because fruitful means achieving a desired result. Attempting to teach a dog English is not fruitful because the
desired outcome will never be achieved. The dog will never speak English.
8) A
The key word in this question is “beauty.” Remember that the semicolon ( ; ) combines two independent clauses that logically
progress from one another. This means that there is a logical relationship between how Marie saw the Grand Canyon and what
she wanted to do to it. The question already describes the Grand Canyon as beautiful, which has a positive meaning. This
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
means that Marie must have seen the Grand Canyon in a positive way. Additionally, since the prompt mentions her seeing the
Grand Canyon, she must have wanted to see its beauty forever. Striking means dramatically beautiful, while marvel means to
be filled with wonder or astonishment at the sight of something. Both words make sense in context, so choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical sentence. Phenomenal means incredible or amazing, which would make
sense in the first blank; however, scoff means to mock or ridicule. People scoff at things to show disapproval or derision, which
is not what Marie wanted to do.
(C) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical sentence. Picturesque means visually attractive, which would make sense
in the first blank; however, laugh means to be amused by. People laugh at things they find funny, but nothing in the prompt
suggests that Marie found the Grand Canyon humorous.
(D) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical sentence. Enormous means very large, which does not work because large
is not the same as beautiful. However, stare means to look at intensely, which could describe what Marie wanted to do to the
Grand Canyon.
(E) is incorrect because it does not set up a logical sentence. Grotesque means monstrous or hideous, the very opposite of
what the Grand Canyon was if it were full of “beauty.” However, look means to set one’s eyes upon, which could describe what
Marie wanted to do to the Grand Canyon.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Sentence Completion 3
Level 6
Directions: Complete the sentence using the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. Marcel performed poorly at his
5. Since the harvest was so
audition because the judges were very
, and he could not overcome
how nervous they made him.
, the
tribe held a lavish feast and, after the
, the tribe still had enough food
left over to preserve for the winter.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
intimidating
encouraging
talented
portly
uplifting
2. Professor Frank speaks in a
abundant … meal
meager … celebration
minute … festival
beneficial … mourning
cultivated … suffering
6. Although Eric was
voice, never changing pitch or
sounding excited about anything.
to admit his
guilt, he ultimately confessed that he
had stolen Jessica’s wallet.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cacophonous
harmonious
musical
energetic
monotone
3. After living in a
for many
years, Pete realized he needed a
change and decided to retire to a
small cottage in a quiet,town.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
town … familiar
village … tiny
metropolis … country
house … soothing
city … urban
eager
reluctant
swift
grateful
obliging
7. Some scientists worry that humans
are
the earth’s resources too
quickly and that humanity will soon run
out of essentials such as clean
freshwater.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
depleting
displacing
decorating
donating
dominating
4. Students are not allowed to copy
others’ work when writing their reports;
instead, they must
the things
they read in their own words.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
plagiarize
steal
define
paraphrase
parody
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
8. All members of the jury must agree
about whether or not the suspect is
guilty; the trial will be thrown out if they
cannot make
decision.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an inconclusive
a rational
an expected
an innocent
a unanimous
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
The main clue in this question is the word “because,” which means that one thing causes another thing to happen. The correct
choice will explain why Marcel’s nerves caused him to perform poorly at his audition. Marcel’s nervousness was caused by the
judges, so the correct choice must describe judges who make people nervous. Intimidating means frightening, and frightened
people are often also nervous, so choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because encouraging means giving support or confidence to someone. This is the opposite of a correct choice,
since there is no logical relationship between judges who are encouraging and Marcel’s extreme nervousness. Encouraging
judges would have made Marcel feel more comfortable.
(C) is incorrect because talented means skilled. There is no logical relationship between judges who are talented and Marcel’s
extreme nervousness. This choice does not make sense; the judges are the ones assessing Marcel’s talent, not the other way
around.
(D) is incorrect because portly means stout or fat. There is no logical relationship between judges who are portly or plump and
Marcel’s extreme nervousness. The weight of the judges would not have affected Marcel’s performance.
(E) is incorrect because uplifting means inspiring. This is the opposite of a correct choice, since there is no logical relationship
between judges who are uplifting or inspiring and Marcel’s extreme nervousness. Judges who inspire auditioning people would
encourage those people to do their best, not try to make them more nervous so that they perform badly.
2) E
The main clue in this question is the phrase “never changing pitch or sounding excited about anything.” This describes
Professor Frank’s voice. This kind of voice is very boring and tedious to hear, so the correct choice must be a synonym for
“boring.” Monotonous means dull or lacking in interest and variety, so choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because cacophonous means having a harsh or unpleasant sound. The prompt does not imply that Frank’s
voice is harsh. It only states that it did not change pitch.
(B) is incorrect because harmonious means tuneful and pleasant to hear. The prompt does not imply that Frank’s voice is
pleasant. It only states that it did not change pitch.
(C) is incorrect because musical means that Professor Frank’s voice has a melody, as if he were always singing. However, the
prompt states that his voice never changes pitch. Therefore, his voice cannot be musical.
(D) is incorrect because energetic means active or excited. The prompt says that Professor Frank’s voice never sounds excited
about anything.
3) C
The main clue in this question is the phrase “realized he needed a change.” This phrase describes what Pete needed and sets
up an opposite relationship between the missing words. Pete lived in one type of place “for many years” then changed and
moved to a different type of place. A metropolis is a large city, while country means rural or located away from a city. These are
opposites, so choice (C) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because the two words do not form an opposite relationship. A town is an urban area that has a name and
boundaries. Familiar means well-known from long and close association. One would not move to a familiar town if he “needed
a change.”
(B) is incorrect because the two words do not form an opposite relationship. A village is a small town, while tiny means very
small. This sentence would imply that Pete changed from living in a small town to living in a small town.
(D) is incorrect because the two words do not form an opposite relationship. A house is a building designed for humans to live
in. Soothing means calming or relaxing. These words have no clear relationship.
(E) is incorrect because the words do not form an opposite relationship. A city is a large town, while urban means characteristic
of a city. If Peter has lived in a city all his life, then he would not retire to an urban town if he “needed a change.” That would be
too similar to what he’s used to.
4) D
The main clues this question are the phrases “not allowed to copy others’ work” and “in their own words.” The correct choice
must involve using ideas without copying someone else’s words exactly. Paraphrase means to reword something written or
spoken by someone else. When something has been paraphrased, the meaning of the idea is the same, but the words are
different. Therefore, choice (D) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because plagiarize means to copy someone else’s words exactly without giving them credit. This is the opposite
of writing down ideas in one’s own words.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
(B) is incorrect because steal means to take something that is not one’s own without paying for it. This has no relationship to
putting something in one’s own words.
(C) is incorrect because define means to give the meaning of something. This does not work because defining is not the same
as writing or putting something in one’s own words.
(E) is incorrect because parody means to produce a humorously exaggerated imitation of someone else’s writings. This does
not work because the prompt does not imply that students are asked to make fun of other’s work.
5) A
The main clues in this question are “feast” and “enough left over.” The prompt implies that the harvest must have resulted in a
huge amount of food, even though the tribe had a feast. The second word must mean feast, since the second half of the
prompt describes what happened after the feast. The word abundant means plentiful, and a meal is a time in which a large
amount of food is eaten. Together, these would imply that the food was so plentiful that there were leftovers after the feast,
meaning choice (A) is correct.
(B) is incorrect because only the second word works in context. Meager means not enough, while a celebration is a party or
joyous event. The prompt does imply that the tribe had a celebration, but one does not have a celebration or feast to celebrate
a meager or small harvest.
(C) is incorrect because only the second word works in context. Minute means small, while a festival is a period of celebration.
The prompt does imply that the tribe had a celebration, but one does not have a celebration or feast to celebrate a small
harvest.
(D) is incorrect because neither word works in context. Beneficial means favorable, while mourning means a period of sadness
or grief. A beneficial harvest would not cause a period of mourning; nor would it necessarily cause the tribe to have enough
food left over for the winter.
(E) is incorrect because neither word works in context. Cultivated means grown, while suffering is a feeling of pain or agony. All
harvests are cultivated before they are harvested, and one does not suffer because of a harvest that allows for a lavish feast.
6) B
The main clues in this question are “although” and “ultimately.” Although indicates that the correct choice must form an
opposite relationship with the fact that Eric “confesses” that he is a thief. The word ultimately implies that Eric took a long time
to tell the truth, so the missing word should explain why it took so long. Reluctant means unwilling and hesitant, and it would
correctly imply that Eric did not want to admit his guilt and, as such, took a long time. Therefore, choice (B) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because eager means excited or looking forward to doing something. If Eric were eager or ready to confess to
stealing Jessica’s wallet, it would not have taken him so long to do so.
(C) is incorrect because swift means quick. If Eric were quick to confess to stealing Jessica’s wallet, it would not have taken
him so long to do so.
(D) is incorrect because grateful means thankful. There is nothing in this prompt for Eric to feel thankful for.
(E) is incorrect because obliging means helpful. Nothing in this prompt indicates that Eric was helpful.
7) A
The main clue in this question is the word “and,” which links parts of a sentence that state similar information. Therefore, there
must be a connection to what scientists believe humans are doing to “the earth’s resources” and their fear that “humanity will
soon run out of essentials.” Resources and essentials are similar, so the missing word must likewise imply that humans are
using up or running out of resources. Because depleting means using up the supply or resources of something, choice (A) is
correct.
(B) is incorrect because displacing means moving things around. Merely moving resources from one place to another would
not use them up, so this choice does not make sense in the context of the prompt.
(C) is incorrect because decorating means making something look festive or more attractive. This has nothing to do with the
supply of resources. Furthermore, one cannot decorate resources such as fresh water.
(D) is incorrect because donating means giving something to someone else for free. It has nothing to do with using something
up too quickly.
(E) is incorrect because dominating means controlling something. Our control over natural resources does not automatically
cause us to run out of them, so this choice does not work.
8) E
The main clue in this question is the semicolon ( ; ), which links independent clauses that state similar information. This means
that there is a logical connection between the type of “decision” that must be made so that the case does not get thrown out
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
3
and the fact that “all members of the jury must agree” about guilt. The missing word describes the type of decision made, so it
must relate to all members agreeing. Because unanimous means fully in agreement, choice (E) is correct.
(A) is incorrect because inconclusive means not ending doubt or dispute. This is the opposite of the type of “decision” that a
jury must come to, so this does not work.
(B) is incorrect because rational means logical. The prompt only says that the entire jury must agree on a decision, not that the
decision must be logical.
(C) is incorrect because expected means likely to happen. The prompt only says that the jury must agree on a decision, not
that it has to be predictable.
(D) is incorrect because innocent means free of guilt. While the jury might decide that the defendant is innocent, the jury cannot
make a guilty or innocent decision, since a decision cannot itself have guilt.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
4
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Word Definition 1
Level 6
Directions: Choose the answer choice that best defines the word in capital letters.
1) CRUCIAL
6) ANXIOUS
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
very important
very ugly
very difficult
very loud
nervous
colorful
relaxed
entertaining
2) MIMIC
7) ORIGINATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to confuse
to affect
to remove
to copy
to exercise or train
to rest or relax
to start or begin
to get old or age
3) DISTINCT
8) FUNCTION
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
silent
smooth
sticky
separate
to remove
to answer
to purchase
to work
4) MAJORITY
9) CONQUER
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
a loud noise
a larger part
a beginner
a long story
to be defeated
to hope for
to write
to take over
5) RETRIEVE
10) REFUSE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to bring back
to shrink
to include
to look for
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to remove or withdraw
to doubt or question
to make better or to improve
to deny or not accept
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
vital (adjective): very important: It is crucial to understand basic math like multiplication and division before studying advanced math
like calculus, because you cannot understand any calculus without first mastering the basics.
2) D
mimic (verb): to copy: Young children often think it’s funny to mimic adults by repeating every word they say.
3) D
distinct (adjective): separate: Yolanda separated her laundry into two distinct piles before washing it.
4) B
majority (noun): a larger part: Although millions of Americans voted for Mitt Romney, the majority of voters chose Barack Obama to
be president.
5) A
retrieve (verb): to bring back: Whenever I play fetch with my dog, she always retrieves the stick as fast as she can and brings it right
back to me.
6) A
anxious (adjective): nervous: Yana’s daughter was still not home at 4 AM and had not called to say where she was, so Yana was
starting to feel anxious and scared for her daughter’s safety.
7) C
originate (verb): to start or begin: Before it spread all over the world, the swine flu virus originated in China.
8) D
function (verb): to work: The “out of order” sign let customers know that the vending machine would not function properly.
9) D
conquer (verb): to take over: Spanish Conquistadores were able to conquer all of Mexico within a century or two, and it became a
colony under Spanish rule as a result.
10) D
refuse (verb): to deny or not accept: Rosa Parks remained seated and refused to stand when the bus driver ordered her to leave
her seat.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Word Definition 2
Level 6
Directions: Choose the answer choice that best defines the word in capital letters.
1) SLUMBER
6) BLUNDER
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to argue
to sleep
to cook
to destroy
a book
a tool
a mistake
a noise
2) URGENT
7) HOSTILE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
alone or separate
sharp or jagged
positive or sure
important or desperate
missing or lost
painted or decorated
squishy or soft
unfriendly or aggressive
3) SPOIL
8) INTIMIDATE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to study or investigate
to ruin or go bad
to relax or rest
to redo or retry
to discover
to frighten
to instruct
to soothe
4) ADAPT
9) COLLIDE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to get used to something
to copy something
to give advice to someone
to research something
to drive
to spin
to exist
to crash
5) PRIORITY
10) CONSTANT
A. something that is very harmful or
dangerous
B. something more helpful than something
else
C. something more important than
something else
D. something that is not clear in meaning
A.
B.
C.
D.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
steady or never-ending
dangerous or unsafe
old or ancient
unsure or uncertain
1
Answers and Explanations
1) B
slumber (verb): to sleep: The baby woke his slumbering parents by crying loudly in the night.
2) D
urgent (adjective): important or desperate: After the terrible earthquake, the people of Haiti were in urgent need of clean water,
shelter, and medical supplies; luckily, the Red Cross helped supply the island as quickly as possible.
3) B
spoil (verb): to ruin or go bad: The milk in the refrigerator had spoiled, and we had to dump an entire bottle of ruined milk down the
sink.
4) A
adapt (verb): to get used to something: Shaun’s first few days of high school were uncomfortable and scary, but he adapted very
quickly and was no longer uncomfortable.
5) C
priority (noun): a thing regarded as very important or more important than any other: Hilde’s top priority right now is school, and
nothing else in her life is close in importance.
6) C
blunder (noun): a mistake: Julio only made one blunder during the chess match, but this single mistake eventually cost him the
game.
7) D
hostile (adjective): unfriendly or aggressive: Killer bees are extremely hostile creatures that will attack humans and other animals
for no reason.
8) B
intimidate (verb): to frighten: The physics professor intimidated the entire class; he was a brilliant but rude scientist who was known
to fail most of his students.
9) D
collide (verb): to crash: Two cars collided on Highway 16 this afternoon, but thankfully, no one was hurt in the crash.
10) A
constant (adjective): steady or never-ending: My boss is always incredibly rude and hits us with constant criticism and demands.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2
泛美国际
Name_
Date
• Word Definition 3
Level 6
Directions: Choose the answer choice that best defines the word in capital letters.
1) CIVILIAN
6) EXCLUDE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
someone who is not a soldier
someone who has children
someone who cooks food
someone who does not have a home
to arrive
to improve
to beat up
to leave out
2) SACRED
7) AMPLE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
common or typical
holy or blessed
rich or wealthy
noisy or loud
affordable
useless
plentiful
clever
3) DECAY
8) ENCOUNTER
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to become angry or upset
to decrease in status or rank
to become tired or less energetic
to decrease in health or strength
to meet or run into
to release or let go
to add to or expand
to decrease or reduce
4) THEFT
9) EXPAND
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
the act of winning
the act of moving
the act of exercising
the act of stealing
to capture or catch
to block entrance
to kick someone out
to increase in size
5) ERUPT
10) LEISURE
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. the use of money to purchase
something
B. the use of free time for enjoyment
C. the use of medicine to improve health
D. the use of a rope to tie something to
something else
to crack or break
to burst or explode
to tap or touch
to cry or weep
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
1
Answers and Explanations
1) A
civilian (noun): someone who is not a soldier: Soldiers get access to special medical and educational benefits that civilians do not
have.
2) B
sacred (adjective): holy; blessed: Mecca is the most sacred city in Islam because it is where the Prophet Muhammad was born; this
means that Muslims see it as a very holy place.
3) D
decay (verb): to decrease in health or strength: The plant had been without water so long that it began to decay, and we had no
choice but to dispose of the rotten plant.
4) D
theft (noun): the act of stealing: When the police found another man’s silver in Jean’s bags, they accused him of theft.
5) B
erupt (verb): to burst or explode: When the volcano erupted, it shot tons of ash, rock, and lava into the air.
6) D
exclude (verb): to leave out: The other children do not like Ron, so they usually exclude him from their games, leaving Ron to play
by himself.
7) C
ample (adjective): plentiful: Since parking spaces at the mall aren’t ample, we usually park the car across the street and walk over.
8) A
encounter (verb): to meet, run into, or come across: We encountered several problems in our final review of the new spaceship, but
each problem that we came across was fixable.
9) D
expand (verb): to increase in size: The hospital added a new wing, greatly expanding its overall size.
10) B
leisure (noun): the use of free time for enjoyment: In the twentieth century, Americans were able to devote more time to leisure,
allowing them more opportunities to relax and have fun away from work.
© Copyright PICEC, 2013. All rights reserved.
2