BIOLOGY UNIT REVIEW
Name: ___________________ Date: ____________________ Block: ____________
Chapter 4
 Know the organelles in regards to DNA and proteins and their functions
 Know what makes up DNA and its purpose
 What do each of the bases pair up with
 Know the general idea of how proteins are made
 Know what a mutation is and the different types – positive, negative and neutral
 Know what are positive, neutral, and negative mutations
 What are factors that lead to mutations?
 How can you treat mutations?
Chapter 5
 Stages of the cell cycle – interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
 DNA replication
 Mitosis stages – what occurs at each stage/be able to draw out each stage
 What is the purpose of mitosis? What cells in your body are made by mitosis?
 What is the end result of mitosis?
 Different types of asexual reproduction
 What is a clone?
Chapter 6.1
 What is the purpose of meisosis?
 Where does meiosis occur, what is produced, what is the end result of meiosis?
 Know stage I and II of meisosis/be able to draw out each stage
 What occurs when egg and sperm cells join?
 What is the difference between haploid/diploid cells? Which cells are haploid?
Diploid?
Also know the difference between:
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Diploid cells vs. Haploid cells
Asexual reproduction vs. Sexual reproduction
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Chromatids, sister chromatids, chromosomes and homologous chromosomes
Gene mutations vs. Chromosome mutations
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Chapter 4 – DNA and the Nucleus
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What makes ribosomes? Nucleolus
What would happen if the nucleus of a cell was taken out? It would die
Where is DNA found? Nucleus
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid
What shape does DNA take? Double helix
What does DNA code for? Protein
What makes proteins? ribosomes
What are the three parts that make up DNA?
 Sugar
 Phosphate
 Bases
9. What are the names of the following bases:
 A - Adenine
 T -Thymine
 C - Cytocine
 G - Guanine
10. What does A pair with? Thymine (T) G? Cytocine (C)
11. Most of the time DNA exists in the nucleus in the form of what? Chromatin
12. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human cells? 23 pairs (46
chromosome)
13. If your 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY, you would be a … male (female xx)
14. Small segments of DNA are called what? genes
15. What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic acid
16. How is the message for a protein (to be made) carried from the nucleus to the
ribosomes? The DNA message for a specific protein is copied into RNA which
leaves through nuclear pore and delivered message to ribosome.
Chapter 5 – Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction
1. What is the longest stage of the cell cycle? interphase
2. What occurs during interphase?
 Growth and preparation
 DNA replication
 Continued growth and preparation- copy organelles and proteins
3. What are the other two stages of the cell cycle?
 mitosis
 Cytokinesis
4. Why does a cell divide? SA to volume ratio is small
5. Draw sister chromatids. Make sure to label the centromere. What do the two sister
chromatids have in common? Sister chromatid are replicated chromsomses.
They are identical copies of DNA
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6. What phase of mitosis is occurring in the diagram below? Anaphase
7. Explain what is happening in the phase above. The sister chromatids are being
ripped apart at the centromere and move to opposite side of the cell
8. What phase occurs before anaphase? metaphase
9. What occurs during metaphase? Chromosomes line up across the middle of cell.
10. What is being produced during telophase of mitosis? 2 new nuclei
11. What is produced between two plant cells during mitosis/cytokinesis? Cell plate
(do not need to know question 11)
12. If you started out with 365 chromosomes in the parent cell, how many chromosomes
would each of the daughter cells have? 365
13. What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis? Prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase
14. What is another word for cell division? cytokinesis
15. How many parents are there in asexual reproduction? 1 to 2 daughter cells
16. Which of the following is not a type of asexual reproduction: spore formation,
gamete formation, binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction?
17. Define clone. A genetically identical offspring of a single parent
18. What type of asexual reproduction is occurring in the diagram found below? Binary
fission
19. How many cells are dividing and give an example of an organism that reproduces
this way? 1 cell becomes 2 daughter cells
20. Are reproductive organs needed for asexual reproduction? NO
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Chapter 6 – Meiosis and Asexual Reproduction
1. An egg and sperm are produced where? What is another name for egg and sperm
cells? Egg-overies and sperm –testes (do not have to know this); They are
called gamets
2. What is a haploid cell considered? A gamete
3. How many chromosomes will an egg or sperm cell have if the parent cell had 46
chromosomes? 23
4. What stage of meiosis is occurring in the picture found below? Metaphase I
5. Referring to the picture above, what has lined up along the equator? What can
occur during this stage in meiosis? Homologous Chromosomes. Crossing Over
6. What occurs during anaphase I? What is still attached? Homologous
Chromosomes pairs are pulled away from each other towards opposite ends
of cell
7. What occurs during anaphase II? Sister chromatids are split apart at the
centromere and move to opposite poles
8. How many chromosomes are in each of the daughter cells at the end of meiosis?
46->23 (egg) + 23 (sperm) --(1/2 # of parent cell)
9. Why does meiosis occur? So that egg and sperm cells only have half the
number of chromosomes so when meet, full set
10. When an egg and sperm cell meet, what is this process called? Fertilization
11. What is the cell called when fertilization occurs? zygote
12. A zygote is considered what type of cell; haploid or diploid? Diploid
13. Explain the difference between haploid and diploid cells. Haploid cells have ½ # of
chromosomes as diploid. Haploid-n; diploid 2n
14. What are two advantages of asexual reproduction?
 Genetically identical offspring
 Lots of offspring can be reproduced quickly
15. What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction? Genetic diversity.
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