Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Name: _____________________________ Block:________
Date: _______________________
PACKET 8
Unit 3: Energy Transfer
Reading: Chapter 4, Sections 4.1 & 4.2
Objectives: By the conclusion of this unit the student will be able to:
!
Topic 1: Energy (4.1)
1. List the ways that human rely on autotrophs.
2. Draw an ATP molecule and explain how ATP stores and releases energy.
!
Topic 2: Photosynthesis (4.2)
3. Describe the function of light waves and pigments in photosynthesis, including the role of
chlorophyll.
4. Describe the structure and function of the leaf and the chloroplast.
5. Write and explain the chemical equation that summarizes photosynthesis.
6. Describe the purpose of photosynthesis, including the purpose of each of the two major stages.
7. Explain the role of each of the terms in the chart in photosynthesis.
8. Describe the factors that can affect photosynthesis.
!
Topic 3: Cellular Respiration (4.2)
9. Explain the chemical equation that summarizes cellular respiration.
10. Explain the purpose of aerobic cellular respiration, including where it happens
11. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration (lactic acid and alcohol
fermentation).
12. Explain the role of each of the terms in the chart in cellular respiration.
13. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration can be seen as two halves of one reaction .
!
!
!
!
!
Key Terms:
!Photosynthesis
ATP/ADP
Pigments
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Light reactions
Calvin cycle
Cellular respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
!Alcohol fermentation
Mitochondria
!
1
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Objective 1: List the ways that human rely on autotrophs.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Objective 2: Label an ATP molecule and explain how ATP stores and releases energy.
_______________________________________________
Figure 1: ATP-ADP Cycle
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
!
ATP-ADP Cycle Questions:
!
1. What is the structural difference between ATP and ADP?
!
!
2. Which molecules are contained in both ATP and ADP?
!
!
3. In which structure, ATP or ADP, is more energy stored? Where is the energy stored?
!
4. Why is this considered a cycle?
!
!
2
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Objective 3: Describe the function of light waves and pigments in photosynthesis including the role of
chlorophyll.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 2: Light Absorption by Different Pigments
Figure 3: Chlorophyll is Hydrophobic
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Objective 4: Describe the structure and function of the leaf and chloroplast.
!
Figure 4: From Leaf to Cell to Chloroplast
!
!
!
Notes:
3
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Objective 5: Write and explain the chemical equation that summarizes photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis as a Chemical Reaction
!
!6CO 2 + 6H 2 O !enzymes
! ! &!chlorophyl
!!
!l → C 6 H12 O 6 + 6O 2 !
!
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
!
Explanation of equation: ___________________
!
____________________________________
!
____________________________________
!
____________________________________
!
____________________________________
!
____________________________________
____________________________________
!
Objective 6: Describe the purpose of photosynthesis, including the purpose of each of the two major
stages. ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Objective 7: Describe the role of each of the following in photosynthesis (you should have included all
of these terms in objective 6, so just treat this as a sort of vocabulary list review of the role of each of
them):
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Chlorophyll
c. ADP, ATP
d. Oxygen gas
e. Glucose
f. Water
!
4
2013-2014
Calvin
Cycle
Daley Biology A
5
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
!
!
6
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Photosynthesis in an Environmental Context Practice:
1. Suppose you were to plant more trees in an
a. As a result of your tree planting,
biosphere change? Explain. (look at
enzymes
area that had been previously deforested.
would the number of carbon atoms in the
the chemical formula for photosynthesis)
!
b. As a result of your tree planting, would the amount of carbon dioxide gas in the biosphere
change? Explain.
!
2. Is oxygen gas (O2 molecules) formed during photosynthesis? Is oxygen gas used during
photosynthesis? Explain.
!
3. Is photosynthesis considered an energy-requiring chemical reaction? Is photosynthesis considered an
energy-releasing chemical reaction? Explain.
!
4. Many students, even after an entire course in Biology, think that leaves are formed when the plant
uses soil to make glucose. Why do you think that many students make this false assumption? Where,
instead, do most of the atoms to make glucose come from?
!
!
!
!
!
Photosynthesis Practice
5. The process of photosynthesis consumes _________ and produces _________.
a. chlorophyll…water
d. water…carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide…chlorophyll
e. water…oxygen
c. glucose…oxygen
!
6. Which of the following are produced by light reactions and used in Calvin cycle?
a. carbon dioxide and water
b. ATP and energy carriers
c. carbon dioxide and ATP
!
7. The phase of photosynthesis where the organic molecules are actually made is:
a. The Calvin Cycle
b. The light reactions
c. When light hits the chlorophyll molecules
7
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Topic 3: Cellular Respiration as a Chemical Reaction
!
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6H2O
!
REACTANTS
!
6CO2 +
PRODUCTS
Objective 9: Explain the chemical equation that summarizes cellular respiration.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Objective 10: Explain the purpose of aerobic cellular respiration, including where it happens.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Objective 11: Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration (lactic acid and alcohol
fermentation).
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
8
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
!
!
A Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
AEROBIC
LACTIC ACID
CELLULAR
FERMENTATION
RESPIRATION
(ANAEROBIC)
What kind of organism completes
this process?
Is oxygen used?
Are mitochondria necessary?
energy-releasing or energyrequiring?
Glucose formed or used?
Besides ATP, what molecules are
formed (net)?
How many ATP molecules are
formed (net)?
ALCOHOLIC
FERMENTATION
(ANAEROBIC)
Objective 12: Explain the role of each of the following in cellular respiration (vocabulary list review):
a. Glucose
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Water
d. Oxygen gas
e. ATP/ADP
Objective 13: Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration can be seen as two halves of one
reaction .
AEROBIC CELLULAR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
Cellular Location
What kind of organisms do this?
Is light necessary?
Balanced and most accurate
equation (include enzymes, etc)
Energy-releasing or energyrequiring
Glucose formed or used?
Oxygen molecules formed or used?
Carbon dioxide molecules formed
or used?
9
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
Water formed or used?
Is there any net production of ATP?
If so, how many molecules of ATP?
Cellular Respiration Practice Questions
1) Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in cells?
a) ADP to ATP to cell work
b) Food directly to cell work
c) ATP to food
d) Food to ATP to cell work
!
2) Which statement best describes the role of mitochondria in cell respiration?
a) Cell respiration occurs outside the mitochondria.
b) Oxygen is not consumed in mitochondria.
c) Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria.
d) Little ATP is formed in mitochondria.
!
3) What is the carrier of glucose to our cells?
a) liver
c.) bloodstream
b) adrenaline
d.) insulin
!
Some water, a small amount of soil, a few aquatic plants, and a fish were placed in a large bottle.
The bottle was sealed to prevent the exchange of gases and other materials between its contents and
the outside. The bottle was then placed in a window to receive light during the day. After a week,
both the plants and the fish appeared healthy.
!
4) Refer to the information above. Do the plants use carbon dioxide?
a) No, carbon dioxide is solely a waste product of animal respiration.
b) No, plants release carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
c) Yes, all organisms use carbon dioxide during cell respiration.
d) Yes, carbon dioxide is used during photosynthesis.
!
5) Refer to the information above. Do the plants use oxygen?
a) No, plants produce but do not use oxygen.
b) Yes, plants use oxygen in photosynthesis.
c) Yes, plants use oxygen at all times in cell respiration.
d) Yes, but only at night after photosynthesis has stopped.
!
6) Refer to the information above. Does the fish use oxygen?
a) Yes, oxygen is used 24 hours a day in cell respiration.
b) Yes, but only at night after photosynthesis has stopped.
c) Yes, but only in the daytime while photosynthesis is occurring.
d) No, the animal lives by carrying on fermentation.
!
7) Refer to the information above. Do the plants produce carbon dioxide?
a) Yes, but only at night when the plants can no longer carry on photosynthesis.
10
Daley Biology A
2013-2014
b) Yes, carbon dioxide is produced all the time as a result of cell respiration.
c) No, carbon dioxide is a waste product of animals only.
d) No, plants take in only the waste products exhaled by animals.
11