8th Chapter 11 Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Why were changes to manufacturing needed in the mid-1700s?
a. Factory owners were not satisfied with the size of their profits.
b. Demand was greater than the available supply of goods.
c. Workers were not satisfied with the level of their daily wages.
d. Traders faced higher shipping prices for smaller amounts of goods.
____ 2. Which small, inexpensive machine revolutionized the manufacture of cloth?
a. the cotton gin
c. the water frame
b. the spinning jenny
d. the Pawtucket loom
____ 3. How did the water frame revolutionize the production of cloth?
a. It increased the number of threads the home spinner could work with.
b. It increased the pace of production in textile mills but made cloth
more costly.
c. It shifted the location of production from homes to textile mills.
d. It raised the level of quality of home-spun cloth.
____ 4.
“I am persuaded that machinery moved by water [and] adapted to this
business would greatly reduce the labor and facilitate [speed] the
manufacture of this article.”
Who made the statement above, and what “business” was he talking about?
a. Richard Arkwright, about spinning cotton threads
b. Eli Whitney, about mass-producing muskets
c. Seth Thomas, about creating inexpensive clocks
d. Samuel Slater, about manufacturing textiles
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
____ 5. What was Eli Whitney’s greatest contribution to American manufacturing?
a. He designed a way to produce inexpensive clocks.
b. He mass-produced muskets for American soldiers.
c. He came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.
d. He argued that factories deserved better technology.
____ 6. What does the sale of thousands of inexpensive clocks to American families throughout
the 1800s suggest about changes in social life caused by the Industrial Revolution?
a. Working families came to have the same goods as wealthy families
except that the goods were less expensive.
b. Keeping time became more important as people planned their
routines around factory hours and railroad schedules.
c. Heads of growing households spent carefully and refused to waste
hard-earned money on high-priced goods.
d. Industry became like a new religion so churches stopped ringing their
bells to provide townships with the time.
____ 7. During the War of 1812, which American patriot said “to be independent for the
comforts of life we must fabricate [make] them ourselves”?
a. Eli Whitney
c. Thomas Jefferson
b. Albert Gallatin
d. Samuel Slater
____ 8. How did textile manufacturers successfully keep the costs of running a mill low?
a. They bought cheap cotton and cut back on maintenance of
machinery.
b. They hired children to perform simple tasks and paid them very little.
c. They trained apprentices in exchange for many years of their labor.
d. They fed workers three meals a day rather than paying wages in
cash.
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
____ 9. The “Rhode Island system” was Samuel Slater’s strategy of
a. hiring families of workers and dividing factory work into simple tasks.
b. paying workers in company-store credit and reinvesting cash in the
business.
c. building houses for workers in exchange for the promise of company
loyalty.
d. hiring unmarried women and designing dual-purpose factory
equipment.
____ 10. Which statement best describes working conditions at the mills?
a. Workers were fired after a single absence, forcing untrained
replacements to operate machinery they were not properly trained to
use.
b. Each worker was free to choose the time at which the workday began
so long as 12 to 14 hours of work a day were completed.
c. The equipment was set at increasingly higher speeds, causing the
worker to appear in its control, rather than the other way around.
d. Workers were fed twice a day to keep them strong and their health
was a top priority of caring managers and investors.
____ 11. What was a trade union?
a. an organization of workers with a specific skill or from a single factory
who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members
b. a combination of skilled and unskilled workers who appealed to the
courts and police for assistance against employers
c. a group of angry workers who staged protests and shouted at their
employers until their demands were met
d. an alliance of workers who wanted to prevent their employers from
competing with other manufacturers
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
____ 12. Why was the steamboat well suited to river travel?
a. It traveled well upstream.
c. It relied on wind power.
b. It was helped by the current.
d. It was meant to serve as a ferry.
____ 13. Gibbons v. Ogden was a Supreme Court case about what?
a. interstate commerce
c. travel licenses
b. states’ rights
d. monopolies
____ 14. What was the Tom Thumb and why was it significant?
a. A sewing machine, it prevented housewives from pricking their
fingers.
b. A steamboat, it brought thousands of settlers upriver to the Ohio
Valley.
c. A ferry, it was the first to transport commuters across the Hudson
River.
d. A locomotive, it was credited with bringing “railroad fever” to the
United States.
____ 15. Railroad companies changed the environment in all of the following ways, except
which?
a. They blasted through rock to level the land and lay tracks.
b. They caused towns to spring up around train stops.
c. They began using wood rather than coal for fuel.
d. They helped the logging industry perform deforestation.
____ 16. No place’s stature rose more as a result of the American Transportation Revolution
than that of the
a. urban hub.
c. mill town.
b. train stop.
d. port city.
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
____ 17. The telegraph was invented several years before it went into operation. Which of the
following is the reason for the delay?
a. The language operators used to communicate across the wires,
Morse code, was incomplete.
b. People thought telegraph inventor Samuel F. B. Morse was
pretending to receive wire messages.
c. Samuel F. B. Morse, a widower, took time away from the project to
support his three children.
d. Miles of telegraph wires were not laid until the railroad companies
began their expansion.
____ 18. What effect, if any, did technological advancements have on the distribution of industry
throughout America in the 1800s?
a. Technological advancements did not change the fact that the majority
of American industry was based in New England.
b. Technological advancements did cause factories to set up closer to
the sources of raw materials in order to reduce shipping costs.
c. Technological advancements did lure industry to rural areas where
young and unskilled farmhands were willing to work for low wages.
d. Technological advancements did not bring Northern labor reforms to
the South, causing newer steam-powered textile mills to set up there.
____ 19. Which is not a reason for the slow growth of American manufacturing?
a. British prices on goods were lower.
b. The United States had fewer natural
resources.
c. British factory workers were willing to work
for lower wages.
d. Investors did not want to spend money on
new factories and machinery.
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
____ 20. Samuel F. B. Morse perfected a device that could
a. attract more workers to
c. make cotton thread cheaper.
factories.
b. increase crop production.
d. send messages over long
distances.
PRACTICING SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS
Study the image below and answer the questions that follow.
____ 21. Which idea of Whitney’s made the guns in this ad appeal to the U.S. government?
a. interchangeable parts
c. bell system
b. child labor
d. printed advertising
____ 22. From this advertisement, readers could have expected Whitney’s products to be
a. simple to use.
c. less expensive.
b. approved by the government.
d. better than earlier models.
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
Completion
Complete each statement.
23. Growth in manufacturing and transportation caused a growth in ____________________.
(cities/farms)
24. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that regulation of trade between the
_________________, including control over waterways, fell under the authority of the
federal government. (cities/states)
25. The Transportation Revolution created a boom in business across the United States,
particularly by reducing shipping time and ____________________. (distances/costs)
26. People created deep gashes in the earth to get __________________ to fuel railroads
and steamboats. (coal/oil)
27. To meet the lumber needs of New Englanders, Midwestern settlers harvested so many
trees that they caused ____________________. (inflation/deforestation)
28. In 1850 most railroads in the United States were located in the ____________________.
(Northeast/Midwest)
29. U.S. farmers used the inventions of Cyrus McCormick and ____________________ to
plant and harvest their crops. (Elias Howe/John Deere)
30. An increase in ____________________ attracted workers to the cities, increasing the size
of cities. (factory jobs/crop failures)
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM
8th Chapter 11 Exam
Matching
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or place that matches each description. Some
answers will not be used.
a. coal
g. Sarah G. Bagley
b. craftspeople
h. strike
c. Francis Cabot Lowell
i. telegraph
d. Industrial Revolution
j. Thomas Gibbons
e. Rhode Island system
k. trade unions
f. Robert Fulton
l. water
____ 31. Slater’s strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks
____ 32. He developed the first full-sized commercial steamboat in the United States
____ 33. New England businessman whose ideas completely changed the textile industry
____ 34. Groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions
____ 35. A refusal to work until employers meet demands
____ 36. Railroads increased the demand for this natural resource
____ 37. Millworker who led the campaign for a 10-hour workday
____ 38. Invention that allowed information to be sent over wires across long distances
____ 39. A period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production
____ 40. They felt threatened by growth in the number of manufactured goods
DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM