Ж. Текова
2 курс, Высшая школа политического управления
и инновационного менеджмента
науч. рук. доц. Н.С. Сибирко
Suleiman the Magnificent
Ten greatest Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I, nicknamed the Magnificent
in Europe and in the Muslim world Kanu nor (in Turkish – legislator) for 46
years of his reign had 13 wars. He opposed equal armies of central states of
Europe and Asia. Suleiman sought to subjugate the countries of the Mediterranean, had been active in the struggle for Hungary. His main ally in this fight
was the French King Francis I, who for his part tried to limit the power of the
Austrian ruling dynasty of the Habsburgs. Suleiman laid the foundation of the
Franco-Ottoman alliance, which lasted 300 years.
Suleiman became the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in 24 years. He received a good education, loved art, patronized poets, artists, architects. He
had grand plans, he wanted to turn Istanbul into the most beautiful city in
the world, so he built the churches, schools, encouraged the development of
crafts. He chastised officials abused their power, although he was not as cruel
as his father, previous Sultan Selim I.
They were rejoiced in Europe: finally civilized ruler appeared among the
Turks. But it was premature joy. Suleiman was not less than his father loved
conquest. By his nature he was governor-military leader, and the accession
of foreign lands to his empire, prompting them the Ottoman order was one
of his main tasks.
A year after the beginning of the reign his army captured the fortified
fortress Sabac on the Danube, Belgrade came under siege. The young king
of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis II, also known as Lajos II, barely being established on the throne, sought the help of European sovereigns. But they did
not hear him, considering that the Turkish army was weak and Lajos himself
could break it.
Troops led by Lajos moved towards the Turks. The forces were unequal,
and the army of the Hungarians was completely broken, and Lajos died. Belgrade was the following in the path of the Turks. Its defenders fought selflessly, but they also surrendered to the Turks. Suleiman did not spare anyone.
A year later the Turks conquered the island of Rhodes – the main stronghold
of the Knights, Knights of St. John, then conquered Algeria, Egypt. New territories were added to Ottoman, it got important ports in the Mediterranean.
In 1536 the troops of Suleiman with the allied armies of France defeated
the troops of North Italy. Former ally of the Turks Venice, fearing the threat of
34
invasion, formed an alliance with the Habsburgs, they were together against
the Turks. The war was fought both on land and sea, with varying success.
Yet in 1538 the Habsburg and the Venetian fleet was finally defeated by the
Ottoman Turks. So Suleiman became the Lord around the Mediterranean. In
total, he conquered and annexed to the empire the lands from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, ousted Spain and Portugal to the
traditional trade routes to India and China.
Suleiman issued a series of laws, which regulates life in the Turkish
manner in the occupied territories. Later, he rarely participated in the campaigns, handing control of the entire empire to his Grand Vizier. From that
moment began the conflicts between his relatives, which led eventually to the
collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
Suleiman died during the last campaign against the Habsburg citadel –
Hungary. Throne was inherited by his son Selim II, born of his beloved wife
Roxolans – assumed a captive Ukrainian or Polish woman. Roxolana was
not only beautiful, but also intelligent and cunning. She skillfully eliminated
rivals and competitors, as well as their children, to make way for her son. He
took the throne, but he could not keep the Ottoman Empire from disintegration.
A.A. Хадисова
4 курс, Высшая школа политического управления
и инновационного менеджмента
науч. рук. проф. Л.И. Миляева
Business Ethics
The ethics of business and business relations is a code of rules based on
traditional human values, adhered to by the members of one organization and
partners of the company. Traditionally business ethics is based on the respect
of the interests of the company’s employees, its clients and partners. The
former applies to its non-competitors as well and implies the non-use of the
banned or unfair practices in the struggle for the business niche [1].
Professional ethics of modern business includes:
1. General human values regulating the social responsibility of business
jobs creation, manufacturing of these or those goods, employee’s care of the
employees, etc. As for the ethics of doing business with reference to the buyers
of the produce, it implies top quality goods, fair advertising, bargain prices.
Ethics as regards the company’s personnel means reported salary, full social
package, health protection, etc. Ethical attitude to partners, shareholders and
investor in the observance of the terms of the contract, the opportune payment
35