“To Find Out Correlation between Trunk Muscle
Strength and Endurance In Normal Young
Individuals”
Submitted by:
KHANT SHALINI
(Enrolment no.:12SPTPT11043)
KOKNI ARCHNA
(Enrolment no.: 12SPTPT11044)
6th semester, july-2015
Guided by:
DR. DHELI KADACHHA
MPT in REHABILITATION
Assistant professor
SOPT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled To Find out Correlation between Trunk
Muscle Strength and Endurance in Normal Young Individuals has been undertaken
and written under my supervision and it describes the original research work carried
out by Miss. Shalini Khant and Miss. Archna Kokni registered at RK University in 6th
semester Bachelors of Physiotherapy.
Signature of Guide:
Dr. Dheli Kadachha
MPT in Rehabilitation
Assistant professor
SOPT
R K University
I
DECLARATION
We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best
of our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate
any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other
material from the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise,
are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We
declare that this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as
approved by my project review committee.
Signature of Candidate:
Signature of Candidate:
Shalini Khant
Archna Kokni
Enrollment No: 12SPTPT11043
Enrollment No: 12SPTPT11044
Date: 16/07/15
Date: 16/07/15
Place: Rajkot
Place: Rajkot
II
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
First and foremost we would like to thank our parents for their valuable support and
encouragement, blessing and love which has always been a source of inspiration
and strength in accomplishing this academic task.
Our heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided us this far and to whom goes
all the honor and glory for the successful completion of this study.
We wish to express our regards to our Director Dr. Priyanshu Rathod, School of
Physiotherapy, R K University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous
suggestions in the completion of this work and for all the facilities and support
extended to us during this study. We are extremely thankful for his constant
encouragement and inspiration during the course of this study.
With due respect, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide Dr. Dheli
Kadachha MPT [Rehab.] assistant professor at School of Physiotherapy, R K
University, for her judicious information, expert suggestions, valuable guidance,
continuous support, incessant reassurance during every stage of this work and
interest shown in this dissertation without which this work would not have been
possible.
We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to assistant professors’, Dr. Shweta
Rakholiya and Dr. Vaibhavi Ved for their valuable guidance, constant help and
support throughout this study and all the lecturers of my college who have taught me
and gave their valuable suggestions during the course of the study.
Our sincere thanks to subjects for taking keen interest in our study, guiding us
through the path, giving us support and motivation during the course of study.
We wish to express our thanks to our librarian for their timely help in lending us
books and journals for our reference all the time.
III
We shall fail our duties if we don’t acknowledge our Colleagues and Friends for
their suggestions and criticism while assisting us in this study.
Last but not the least we would like to thanks all the Individuals in our study without
whom this task would not have been possible.
Our sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names we might have missed but
who truly deserve our gratitude.
We would like to thank once again to all who have helped us all the while.
Signature of Candidate:
Signature of Candidate:
Name: Shalini Khant
Name: Archna Kokni
IV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. SD:standard deviation
2. Fig.: figure
3. Yrs: years
V
ABSTRACT
“To Find Out Correlation between Back Muscle Strength and Endurance In
Normal Young Individual”
Name: Miss. Shalini Khant (12SPTPT11043), Miss. Archna Kokni (12SPTPT11044)
Guide: Dr. Dheli Kadachha (MPT in Rehabilitation)
Key word: Strength, Endurance, Back muscles
Introduction: Physical fitness is the ability to perform aspects of sports or
occupations. Several attributes of fitness including strength, endurance, power,
speed, balance and coordination. It is not necessary that if a person with good
strength may have good endurance or vice-versa therefore the need of this study is
to find out whether there is any relation between strength and endurance of
individual muscle group.
Objective: To assess the endurance of trunk flexors and extensors, To assess the
strength of trunk flexors and extensors, To correlate the strength and endurance of
trunk muscles
Review of Literature: Nicolaisen T, et al. 1985;17(3).“Trunk strength, back muscle
endurance and low-back trouble”. The strength and endurance of the trunk muscles
was studied in relation to the extent of earlier low back pain. The main findings were
that the endurance time of trunk extensors was shorter in group I compared to II and
III and trunk muscle strength were independent. Differences in distribution of ST and
FT muscle fibers as suggested as an explanation of the endurance difference.
Material: Pen, Paper, Stop watch, plinth, stabilization belt, consent form.
Methodology: Study Design: Cross-sectional, Study Population: Young Normal
Healthy Individuals, Study Setting: R K University, Sampling Technique:
Convenient Sampling, Sample Size: 60, Inclusion Criteria: Young Normal Healthy
Individuals, Age group between 18 to 30 years, Subjects of both genders, Those
who are willing to participate. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals with present Low back
pain, Individuals with any associated conditions. Procedure: subjects will be asked
to perform curl ups for trunk flexors and back extension for trunk extensors. Strength
will be assessed by number of repetitions per min and endurance will be assessed
by the duration of hold the individual can maintain the position.
Statistical analysis: After completion of study data will be analyzed by correlation
test.
VI
Results: There is significant positive correlation between the strength and
endurance of both muscle groups.
Discussion: The values of extensor group of muscle is greater than of flexor group
as extensor group of muscles are antigravity muscles is the role played by trunk
muscles.
Conclusion: On the basis of result of the present study, it can be concluded that
there is positive correlation between the strength and endurance of trunk flexors and
extensors muscles
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No.
TITLE
Page No.
1
List of TABLES
IX
2
List OF GRAPHS
X
3
LIST OF FIGURES
XI
4
INTRODUCTION
1
5
NEED OF STUDY
4
6
AIM & OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
6
7
HYPOTHESIS
8
8
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
10
9
METHODOLOGY
13
10
RESULT
20
11
DISCUSSION
26
12
CONCLUSION
30
13
SUMMARY
32
14
BIBLIOGRAPHY
34
15
ANNEXURES
36
VIII
LIST OF TABLES
SR. NO.
TABLES
10.1
Mean difference between the endurance of trunk flexors and
PG NO.
22
extensors
10.2
Mean difference between the strength of trunk flexors and extensors
23
10.3
Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Flexors
24
10.4
Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Extensors
25
IX
LIST OF GRAPHS
SR NO.
GRAPHS
PG NO
10.1
Gender Distribution
21
10.2
Mean difference between the endurance of trunk flexors and extensors 22
10.3
Mean difference between the strength of trunk flexors and extensors
23
10.4
Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Flexors
24
10.5
Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Extensors
25
X
LIST OF FIGURES
SR NO.
FIGURES
PG NO
9.1
To assess Strength of trunk flexors
17
9.2
To assess Endurance of trunk extensors
18
9.3
To assess strength and endurance of trunk extensors
19
15.1
Measurement tool
39
XI
INTRODUCTION
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
1
INTRODUCTION
Physical fitness is a general state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the
ability to perform aspects of sports or occupations.
[1]
Physical fitness is generally
achieved through correct nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical activity, exercise and
rest. [1]
It is a set of attributes or characteristics seen in people and which relate to the ability to
perform a given set of physical activities.
[1]
Regarding specific function, fitness is
attributed to personnel who possess significant aerobic or anaerobic ability, i.e.
strength or endurance. [1]
Muscle strength: It is the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant
force based on the demands placed on muscle. It is the greatest measurable force that
can be exerted by a muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum
effort. [2]
Muscle endurance: It is the ability of the muscle to contract repeatedly against a load,
generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time. [2]
Low back pain is becoming increasingly common because back becomes
deconditioned through lack of use, cumulative effects of repetitive minor injuries and
natural process of aging. [3]
The bones of the spine provide the supporting frame for the back. Connected to this
frame is an intricate system of muscles and ligaments that increase the strength and
stability of the spine, arms and legs. [4-5]
The abdominal muscles and back muscles are key components of this muscular
network, and provide the strength to keep the body upright and for movement. When
these core muscles are in poor condition, additional stress is applied to the spine as it
supports the body, and back injury or back pain is more likely.
[4-5]
2
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
The muscles of the trunk are active whether one is sitting, standing, lifting, or rolling
over in bed. Adequate endurance of trunk muscles is necessary to good health. [6]
The trunk muscles are physiologically suited to provide low levels of activity for long
periods of time.
[6]These
muscles are physiologically postural muscles, being rich in
type I fibers, which, uncharacteristically, have larger diameters than the type II fibers.
Although trunk flexor and extensor muscles are physiologically postural muscles, they
are active throughout most activities, including quiet standing. [6]
Adequate spinal stability is important in prevention and treatment of low back pain
injury. Stability is achieved through co-activation of trunk muscles; therefore any form
of treatment training trunk muscles has been postulated beneficial to provide stability. [7]
Poor endurance of trunk muscle may induce strain on passive structure of lumbar
spine and hence result in low back pain. Muscle been identified as a potential source of
low back pain as failure to protect passive structure from excessive loads may result in
damage to pain sensitive structure and produce pain. [7]
Balanced, healthy functioning of the musculoskeletal system requires that muscles be
able to exert force or torque (measured as strength), resist fatigue (measured as
muscular endurance), and move freely through a full range of motion (measured as
flexibility). Because of this, strength, endurance and flexibility are viewed as important
dimensions of health related fitness [8]
3
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
NEED OF THE STUDY
4
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
NEED OF THE STUDY
 It is not necessary that if a person with good strength may have good endurance
or vice-versa
 It is to find out whether there is any relation between strength and endurance of
individual muscle group.
5
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
6
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
AIM& OBJECTIVES
AIM:
To Find Out Correlation between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance in Normal
Young Individuals
OBJECTIVES:
 To assess the endurance of trunk flexors and extensors in normal young
individuals
 To assess the strength of trunk flexors and extensors in normal young
individuals
 To correlate the strength and endurance of trunk muscles in normal young
individuals
7
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
HYPOTHESIS
8
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
HYPOTHESIS
NULL HYPOTHESIS:
There will be no significant correlation between the strength and endurance of the trunk
flexor and extensor group of muscles.
EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESIS:
There will be significant correlation between the strength and endurance of the trunk
flexor and extensor group of muscles..
9
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
10
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. Nicolaisen T, et al. 1985;17(3).“Trunk strength, back muscle endurance and lowback trouble”. The strength and endurance of the trunk muscles was studied in
relation to the extent of earlier low back pain. The main findings were that the
endurance time of trunk extensors was shorter in group I compared to II and III
and trunk muscle strength were independent. Differences in distribution of ST
and FT muscle fibres as suggested as an explanation of the endurance
difference.
2. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development Vol. 34 No . 4, October
1997; Pages 440-447; “Endurance of trunk muscles in persons with chronic low
back pain : Assessment, performance, training”; This paper examines some
methods to objectively test endurance of trunk flexor and extensor muscles in
static and dynamic situations, and presents results of endurance testing in
persons with chronic LBP compared to non-impaired cohorts . Self-perception of
fitness affects some test results. Methods for increasing endurance are
discussed along with benefits observed from training programs
3. Mannion AF, Dumas GA, Stevenson; JM, et al. The influence of muscle fiber
size and type distribution on electromyographic measures of back muscle
fatigability. Spine 1998; 23:576–84.]
4. Deyo,R..,and Weinstein, J. (2001). “Low Back Pain”. New England Journal of
Medicine, 344, Retrieved February 19, 2007.
5. Dr. Michael Weisman, Differences between mechanical and inflammatory back
pain. A segment from Spondylitis Educational Seminar presentation given in
Denver, CO in 2008.
6. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org); Vol. 01;
Issue 01; Oct. 2011; “Effect of Core Stabilization Exercise in Improving Trunk
Endurance”. To find the effectiveness of core stabilization exercise on trunk
extensors endurance exercise protocol in healthy subjects. Both active trunk
11
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
extension endurance exercise and core stabilization exercise are effective in
improving endurance. Core stabilization exercises didn’t show any significant
over a trunk extensor endurance training protocol in improving endurance of
trunk extensors.
12
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
METHODOLOGY
13
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
METHODOLOGY
Study Design: Cross-sectional study, Observational Study
Study Setting: R K University
Sampling Technique: Convenient Sampling
Study Population: Young Normal Healthy individuals
Study Sample: 60
Study Duration: 7-10 days
14
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
Inclusion Criteria:
A. Young Normal Healthy Individuals
B. Age group between 18 to 30 years
C. Subjects of both genders
D. Those who are willing to participate
Exclusion Criteria:
A. Individuals with present Low back pain
B. Individuals with any associated conditions
15
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY
Pen
Paper
Stopwatch
Plinth
Stabilization belt
Consent form
16
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
METHOD:
60 individuals within the age of 18 to 30 years were taken for this study. The subjects
were well informed regarding the study being performed, and consents were taken
from individual subjects. It took around 7-10 days for the study.
1. TRUNK FLEXORS:
a. To assess the strength:
The patient will be asked to perform curl up, and the number of repetitions per min will
be recorded
FIG 9.1
17
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
b. To assess the endurance:
The patient will be asked to perform curl ups and maintain the position, the duration of
hold in seconds will be recorded.
FIG 9.2
18
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
2. TRUNK EXTENSORS:
a. To assess the strength:
The patient will be asked to lie in prone, and brought out of the plinth up to umbilical
level, patient’s legs will be stabilised at thigh and then will be asked to perform
extension, and the number of repetitions per min will be recorded.
b. To assess the endurance:
The patient will be asked to perform extension as per mentioned above and maintain
the position, the duration of hold in seconds will be recorded.
FIG 9.3
19
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
RESULTS
20
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
An observational study was performed in which the strength and endurance of trunk
flexors and extensors were assessed. The values were collected for both the attributes
of fitness.
Statistics was performed using the software Graph Prism; they were performed using
the Pearson Correlation test while keeping confidence interval 95% and level of
significance p ≤ 0.05.
1. Mean difference between the endurance of trunk flexors and extensors
2. Mean difference between the strength of trunk flexors and extensors
3. Correlation between the strength and endurance of trunk flexors
4. Correlation between the strength and endurance of trunk extensors
There were 60 subjects taken out of 14 were male and 46 were female. The age
criteria selected was between 18yrs to 30yrs; therefore the mean age was 19yrs.
Gender Distribution
14
Male
Female
46
FIG 10.1: GENDER DISTRIBUTION
21
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
Table 10.1: Mean difference between the endurance of trunk flexors and extensors
Endurance of TF
Mean
42.78
Standard deviation 27.83
Endurance of TE
53.72
30.49
Mean Difference between the Endurance
of Trunk Flexors and Trunk Extensors
60
50
MEAN
40
30
20
Trunk Extensors
Trunk Flexors
10
0
1
2
Graph 10.2
22
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
Table 10.2: Mean difference between the strength of trunk flexors and extensors
Mean
Standard deviation
Strength of TF
20.30
8.224
Strength of TE
25.32
14.21
Mean Difference between the
Strength of Trunk Flexors and
Trunk Extensors
30
25
MEAN
20
15
10
Trunk Flexors
Trunk
Extensors
1
2
5
0
Graph 10.3
23
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
Table 10.3: Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Flexors
Mean
Standard deviation
Pearson r Value
Strength
20.3
8.224
0.5676
Endurance
42.78
27.83
P Value
<0.0001
Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Flexors
Endurance of TF
200
150
100
50
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
Strength of TF
Graph 10.4
INTERPRETATION: There is significant positive correlation between the strength and
endurance of trunk flexors
24
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
Table 10.4:Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Extensors
Mean
Standard deviation
Pearson r Value
Strength
42.78
27.83
0.6162
Endurance
53.72
30.49
P value
<0.0001
Correlation between the strength and endurance of Trunk Extensors
Endurance of TE
150
100
50
80
60
40
20
0
0
Strength of TE
Graph 10.5
INTERPRETATION: There is significant positive correlation between the strength and
endurance of trunk extensors
25
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
DISCUSSION
26
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
DISCUSSION
The purpose of the study was to find out whether there is any correlation between the
strength and endurance of individual trunk flexors and endurance. Here in this study
we had taken a sample of 60 to measure the strength and endurance of muscles. The
score was analyzed using Pearson correlation test. The results had shown positive
correlation between the strength and endurance and mean of trunk extensor’s strength
and endurance is greater than trunk flexors. Poor endurance of the trunk muscles may
induce strain on the passive structures of the lumbar spine, leading eventually to low
back pain. Evidence suggests that muscle endurance is lower for people with low back
pain than for individuals without low back pain.
Core Stability- Core stability is the ability of body to control the whole range of motion
of a joint thereby not creating deformity, neurological deficits, or incapacitating pain.
Core stability is the strengthening of the corset of muscle surrounding the back and
abdomen hip complex in order to stabile the spine, pelvis and kinetic chain during
functional movement. Transversus Abdominus, Multifidus, Diaphragm and pelvic floor
muscle are the main muscle. These muscles are also known as the ‘core’ or ‘power
house’ muscles and provide a solid base upon which all other muscle can work upon to
initiate movement.
The values of extensor group of muscle is greater than of flexor group as extensor
group of muscles are antigravity muscles is the role played by trunk muscles. In
healthy individuals the tension of these muscles stabilizes the trunk during sitting,
standing, movement and physical work. As a result of pain symptoms and spinal
movement limitation there results in a disappearance of trunk muscles out of inactivity
that results in a reduction in their strength.
The endurance of the muscles of the lumbar spine. They are more susceptible to
fatigue from the cephalic sections. This result from the varied morphological
27
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
composition of muscles at various levels of the spine: for research shows that in the
direction from the chest part to the lumbar there occurs an increase in the percentage
of fast contracting muscle fiber of the extensors. This is confirmed by Holstrom and
Moritz 35 who consider that the magnitude of the maxi- mum moment of strength does
not strongly correlate with muscle endurance. One of the chief reasons for fatigue
during isometric contraction is the impeded flow of blood through the vessels of the
working muscles.
Nicolaisen T, et al. 1985; 17(3).“Trunk strength, back muscle endurance and low-back
trouble”. The strength and endurance of the trunk muscles was studied in relation to
the extent of earlier low back pain. The main findings were that the endurance time of
trunk extensors was shorter in-group I compared to II and III and trunk muscle strength
were independent. Differences in distribution of Slow Twitch and Fast Twitch muscle
fibers as suggested as an explanation of the endurance difference.
28
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study sample size was small
FURTHER RECOMMENDATION

Study can be done with a larger sample size

Study can be performed including other fitness attributes also
29
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
CONCLUSION
30
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
CONCLUSION
On the basis of result of the present study, it can be concluded that there is positive
correlation between the strength and endurance of trunk flexors and extensors
muscles.
31
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
SUMMARY
32
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
SUMMARY
Physical fitness is the ability to perform aspects of sports or occupations. It is not
necessary that if a person with good strength may have good endurance or vice-versa
therefore this study was conducted find out whether there is any relation between
strength and endurance of individual trunk muscle group.
60 subjects were taken for this study as per convince. Strength was measured in
repetition per min and endurance was measured as hold in sec for both trunk flexors
and extensors muscles.
The data was then tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis by Pearson
correlation test. After analyzing the data, these were the following results:

There is positive correlation between the strength and endurance of trunk
flexors( r=0.5676)

There is positive correlation between the strength and endurance of trunk
extensors(r=0.6162)

Mean of trunk extensor’s strength and endurance were greater than trunk
flexors.
33
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
BIBLOGRAPHY
34
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
BIBLOGRAPHY
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_fitness
2. CAROLYN KISNER; 6th edition; pg no: 158-159
3. Michael A Clark M Russell. Strong to the core. Article available on your Body; 2006
July Issue Espanal
4. Deyo,R..,and Weinstein, J. (2001). “Low Back Pain”.New England Journal of
Medicine, 344, Retrieved February 19, 2007.
5. Dr. Michael Weisman, Differences between mechanical and inflammatory back pain.
A segment from Spondylitis Educational Seminar presentation given in Denver, CO in
2008.
6. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development Vol. 34 No . 4, October 1997;
Pages 440-447
7. Mannion AF, Dumas GA, Stevenson; JM, et al. The influence of muscle fiber size
and type distribution on electromyographic measures of back muscle fatigability.Spine
1998; 23:576–84.
8.
Plowman
SA.
Muscular
strength,
endurance,
and
flexibility.http://www.cooperinst.org/ftgrefi ntro.asp, 2001.
9. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)
Vol. 01; Issue 01; Oct. 2011
10. Allen W. Jackson, James R. Morriw, Patrica A. Brill, Harold W. Kohl, Neil F.
Gordon, Steven N. Blair. (1998) Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
35
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
ANNEXURES
36
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
ANNEXURE 10.1
CONSENT FORM
Study title: “To Find out Correlation between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance in
Normal Young Individuals”
Name: __________________________________________________________
Age: ______________
Sex: ___________
Address _____________________________________________________________
I have been explained in details about the various questions/tests that will be
asked/performed is to assess my functional capacity & health status etc. I have also
been explained that all the tests are non-invasive and without any side effect.
I understand that my participation in the study is voluntary and that I am free to
withdraw at any time, without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right
being affected.
I understand that the data obtained through the study may be used for research paper
publication and I also understand that my identity will not be revealed at any cost. I
agree to give my consent for taking my photograph and have no objection against it.
I agree to take part in the above study
Signature / Thumb impression of the subject: ___________________________
Name of Witness: ___________________________________________
Signature of the Witness: __________________
Signature of Investigator: ___________________
Date: ________________
37
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
ANNEXURE 10.2
DATA COLLECTION FORM
Date:
NO:
Name: _______________________________________________________________
Age: ______________________________________________________
Gender: ___________________________________________________
Occupation: ________________________________________________
Height: ___________________
Weight: ___________________
BMI: _____________________
Address:
____________________________________________________________________
Outcome Measures:
38
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
ANNEXURE 10.3
MEASUREMENT TOOL
FIG 15.1
39
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
ANNEXURE 10.4
MASTER CHART
Sr No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Age
20
21
20
19
20
21
19
18
18
18
19
18
18
18
19
19
18
20
19
19
20
19
19
19
20
19
19
22
20
19
21
22
20
19
19
18
Gender
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Trunk Flexors
Strength
(repetition/min)
of TF
Endurance
(hold in sec) of
TE
Trunk Extensors
Strength
(repetition/min)
of TE
Endurance
(hold in sec) of
TE
18
9
17
15
23
15
21
18
20
26
23
17
15
17
22
19
14
5
15
15
26
31
20
31
32
25
28
38
34
39
10
7
35
30
30
12
5
5
20
15
41
39
75
12
30
16
29
64
19
35
47
38
25
50
18
65
60
73
50
74
61
23
43
159
60
77
30
25
70
75
20
20
23
15
24
27
30
13
35
16
17
21
36
28
21
19
23
28
30
18
23
12
38
40
15
62
49
26
17
70
68
62
6
8
40
31
21
3
32
40
40
35
72
39
90
10
35
62
57
60
25
40
41
46
22
36
58
50
60
135
53
86
120
58
81
91
77
98
25
20
120
100
30
10
40
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
60
60
Mean
18
18
20
18
20
22
18
20
20
21
20
18
18
21
20
22
20
20
18
20
20
20
20
20
19.5
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
10
14
14
14
27
26
13
11
25
12
15
22
12
13
29
5
30
25
18
21
19
28
28
15
20.3
80
30
20
25
51
30
30
25
65
8
40
40
20
20
125
25
30
25
40
60
48
72
50
40
42.78333333
31
19
13
19
37
33
7
23
20
17
20
20
10
14
20
10
34
17
20
26
21
30
25
18
25.31666667
100
55
30
60
58
35
17
35
100
50
60
50
20
25
130
20
55
10
35
49
40
60
45
30
53.71666667
41
“To Find Out Correlation Between Trunk Muscle Strength and Endurance In Normal Young Individuals”