Biology B2 Foundation Questions
Q1.
(a)
Breathed-out air is different from breathed-in air.
The two pie-charts show the percentages of different gases in each.
Complete the second pie-chart, using the information from the table.
(3)
(b)
Use the information above to complete the following sentences.
The air you breathe out contains more ............................................ than the air you
breathe in.
The air you breathe out contains less .............................................. than the air you
breathe in.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q2.
Choose words from this list to complete the sentences below.
coal
dinosaurs
extinct
Many animals and plants which once existed have died out.
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fossils
rocks
They are now ................................... .
We know about them because their remains formed
..................................................... which are found in ................................................ .
(Total 4 marks)
Q3.
(a)
The air you breathe in and the air you breathe out are different.
Use the names of gases from this box to complete the three spaces.
argon
vapour
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
water
Compared to the air you breathe in, the air you breathe out contains:
•
more
.....................................................................................................................
•
more
.....................................................................................................................
•
less
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
The process of aerobic respiration takes place in your cells.
(i)
Complete the space in the word equation for this process.
........................ + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
(1)
(ii)
Complete the space to give the main energy transfer which takes place in this
process.
chemical energy → ............................... energy
(1)
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(iii)
What is the name of the organ where oxygen from the air passes to your
blood?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The athlete is taking part in vigorous exercise.
Complete the two spaces in the passage.
The cells in our muscles respire anaerobically during vigorous exercise. This results
in ........................................debt and the production of ....................................... acid.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.
(a)
(i)
Complete the word equation for the process of aerobic respiration.
Glucose
+
........................... → carbon dioxide + water
(1)
(ii)
Which organ removes carbon dioxide from your body?
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.................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Use names from the box to complete the two spaces in the passage.
carbon dioxide
lactic
acid
nitrogen
oxygen
water
Anaerobic respiration can occur when an athlete does vigorous exercise.
This is because there is not enough ....................................................... in the body.
The product of anaerobic respiration is ................................................................. .
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.
(a)
In sexual reproduction a sperm cell joins with an egg cell.
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct words from the box.
bladder
kidney
(i)
liver
lung
ovary
testis
The organ in which a sperm cell is made is the ............................................
(1)
(ii)
The organ in which an egg cell is made is the ...............................................
(1)
(b)
What name is given to the process in which sperm cells and eggs cells join
together?
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Two new cells are formed from one cell by asexual reproduction.
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How, genetically, does the nucleus of new cell C compare with:
(i)
the nucleus of the other new cell B;
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
the nucleus of the original cell A?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q6.
The pie chart shows the composition of the air we breathe in.
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The table shows the composition of the air we breathe out.
Gas
Percentage
Carbon dioxide
5
Nitrogen
80
Oxygen
15
(a)
Complete the pie chart below for the composition of the air we breathe out.
Remember to label the chart.
(3)
(b)
Use the information from the two pie charts to give two differences between the air
we breathe in and the air we breathe out.
the air we breathe in contains more ........................................................................ .
the air we breathe out contains more ....................................................................... .
(2)
(c)
Name the process in the body which produces carbon dioxide.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
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Q7.
The diagram shows a timeline for the evolution of some dinosaurs.
The mass of each dinosaur is shown in the brackets by its name.
(a)
Name one dinosaur which lived between 100 and 150 million years ago.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Which dinosaur did Ornitholestes evolve from?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Apart from body size and mass, give one other difference between Lagosuchus
and Alamosaurus.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
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(d)
(i)
Which dinosaur had the largest mass?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
What happened to the mass of dinosaurs during evolution?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(e)
We know about dinosaurs from their fossils.
Describe one way in which fossils are formed
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(f)
billion
Complete the sentence by using the correct words from the box.
complex large
million
simple thousand
The theory of evolution states that all species of living things have evolved
from .......................................... life forms which first developed more than
three .......................................... years ago.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q8.
We use enzymes in industry. These are some of the properties of enzymes:
•
they work at low temperatures and this can save energy
•
they work at atmospheric pressures and therefore use less expensive equipment
•
they are easily broken down by high temperature or the wrong pH
•
they are soluble in water, so it is difficult to separate them from water-soluble
products
•
they are very expensive to buy.
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(a)
Use the information above to answer this question.
(i)
Give two advantages of using enzymes in industry.
1
...................................................................................................................
...............
.............................................................................................................................
........
2
...................................................................................................................
...............
.............................................................................................................................
........
(ii)
Give two disadvantages of using enzymes in industry.
1
...................................................................................................................
...............
.............................................................................................................................
........
2
...................................................................................................................
...............
.............................................................................................................................
........
(4)
(b)
Different enzymes have different jobs:
•
protease enzymes break down proteins so that they are easier to digest
•
lipase enzymes break down fats
•
carbohydrase enzymes break down starch into sugar for energy drinks
•
isomerase enzymes break down glucose into fructose which is much sweeter.
Which enzyme is used:
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(i)
to help to get greasy stains out of clothes?
................................................................
(ii)
in making slimming foods?
........................................................................................
(iii)
in making baby foods?
...............................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q9.
Energy for living organisms comes from the Sun.
Complete the sentences by using the correct words from the box.
animals
carbohydrates
carbon dioxide oxygen
plants
water
Light energy is captured by green ........................................ .
They use this energy to make ........................................ .
To do this, they also use ........................................ .
(Total 3 marks)
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Q10.
The diagram shows a timeline for the evolution of some groups of animals.
All the groups shown below the line for Present day are extinct.
No copyright clearance for this image - replacement coming soon
(a)
Use information from the diagram to answer these questions.
(i)
Name the four groups of animals which developed legs.
1 ....................................................
2 ......................................................
3 ....................................................
4 ......................................................
(1)
(ii)
Name the two groups of animals which developed wings.
1 ......................................................
2 ......................................................
(1)
(iii)
Which group of animals shown on the diagram evolved first?
.............................................................
(1)
(b)
(i)
The animal labelled X has been extinct for over 50 million years.
How do we know that it once lived?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Complete the sentence by using the correct words from the box.
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diseases
enzymes
hormones
plants
predators
rocks
Animals may become extinct because of new ...........................................
and new ......................................... .
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q11.
The diagrams show one of the experiments performed by a scientist called Mendel.
He bred sweet pea plants.
In the sentences below, cross out the two lines which are wrong in each box.
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Mendel proposed that flower colour was controlled by inherited factors.
The first generation plants show that the red factor is
The second generation plants show that the white factor is
We now call inherited factors
These factors are passed from generation to generation in
The red-flowered sweet pea plants did not all grow to the same height.
This was due to
factors.
(Total 5 marks)
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Q12.
Fossils give us evidence for the theory of evolution.
The diagrams show how a fish became a fossil.
(a)
In the sentences below, cross out the two lines which are wrong in each box.
(4)
(b)
Give one way in which fossils provide evidence for the theory of evolution.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
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Q13.
The diagram shows how a leaf of a green plant makes glucose.
(a)
Use words from the box to complete the labels on the diagram. You may use each
word once or not at all.
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll
light
oxygen
glucose
heat
water
(5)
(b)
(i)
Compete the following sentence.
Glucose in food is a type of ................... . When we eat it, it gives us energy.
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(1)
(ii)
The plant turns some of the glucose into starch. Why is starch useful to the
plant?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
What does the plant do with the rest of the glucose?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
(i)
What is the name of the process outlined in the diagram?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Give one way that leaves are adapted to do this process.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q14.
(a)
Complete the following passage
Chromosomes carry genetic information. Chromosomes are made up of
......................................... . Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes. There are
twenty-two matching pairs but the final pair does not always match. It is these two
that determine the gender, or sex, of the human. If you are a
........................................
the final pair of chromosomes matches. If you are a ........................................
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the final pair of chromosomes does not match.
(2)
(b)
Draw a labelled diagram to show that there is an equal chance of parents producing
a baby boy or girl. Use the symbols X and Y for the chromosomes.
(4)
(Total 6 marks)
Q15.
Photosynthesis takes place in green plants.
(a)
Name the substance that combines with water in photosynthesis.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Where does water enter the plant?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Name two products of photosynthesis.
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.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
Variegated leaves have areas that are green and areas that are white. Some
students used variegated leaves to investigate photosynthesis.
•
They covered a variegated leaf with a black paper shape.
•
The leaf was left in a sunny place.
•
They tested the leaf for starch.
•
The results were compared with a leaf that was not covered.
Start present after test
Area of the leaf
tested
covered
uncovered
Green area
no
yes
White area
no
no
Explain why starch was present in only one of the tests.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 8 marks)
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Q16.
Paula is training for a marathon. When she runs, her heart beats faster than it does
when she is resting.
Complete the sentences, using words from the box.
blood
breathe
heat
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
oxygen
glucose
respire
When she is running, Paula„s muscle activity increases. To do this, her muscle cells
................................................. at a faster rate to give her more energy. Her muscles need
to
be supplied with ........................................... and
....................................................................
more quickly. Her heart beats faster to increase the flow
of....................................................
which carries the products ................................................................................................
and
............................................................ away from her muscles.
(Total 6 marks)
Q17.
(a)
Alleles are different forms of the same gene.
Why does a person usually inherit two alleles of each gene?
……….………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
(b)
Some humans are albino (they have white hair and pale skin). This condition is
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caused by a recessive allele, n. The other allele, N, causes a coloured pigment to
be made.
There are three possible combinations of these alleles:
NN
(i)
Nn
nn
Which one of these combinations will an albino person have?
…………………………………………………………………………………
(1)
(ii)
Two non-albino parents can sometimes have an albino child.
Which one of the following combinations of alleles must these two parents
have?
Tick ( ) the box next to the correct answer.
Tick one box only.
Parent 1
NN
NN
NN
Nn
Nn
Nn
nn
nn
Parent 2
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q18.
The diagram shows an animal cell.
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(a)
(i)
Name structures A and B by choosing the correct words from the box.
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
Structure A .......................................................................................................
Structure B .......................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Which structure named in the box controls the passage of substances in and
out of the cell?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Distance P to Q on the diagram is the diameter of the cell. This distance was
measured on three cells using a microscope. The results were as follows:
cell 1: 63 micrometres
cell 2: 78 micrometres
cell 3: 69 micrometres
Calculate the average diameter of these cells. Show clearly how you work out your
final answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................................................................
Average diameter = ................................... micrometres
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q19.
Bread contains starch, protein and fat.
(a)
Complete each sentence by choosing the correct words from the box.
amino acids
protein
fat
starch
fatty acids
sugar
Amylase speeds up the digestion of .................................... . The product of this
digestion
is ............................. . Protease speeds up the digestion of ............................. .
The product of this digestion is .............................................. .
(4)
(b)
Why do molecules of starch, protein and fat need to be digested?
.............................................................................................................................
........
.............................................................................................................................
........
(2)
(c)
In which part of the digestive system does the digestion of starch begin?
Draw a ring around your answer.
large intestine
mouth
small intestine
stomach
(1)
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(d)
What do we call substances like amylase and protease which speed up chemical
reactions?
.............................................................................................................................
........
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q20.
Complete each sentence by choosing the correct terms from the box.
23
46
dominant
female
ADH
male
DNA
XX
recessive
XY
strong
YY
weak
A gene is made up of a substance called ............................. . Genes are found on
chromosomes
and most human cells contain ................................. pairs of chromosomes. In females the
two
sex chromosomes are ........................, but in males the two sex chromosomes are
.................. .
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene. Two healthy parents can sometimes have a child
with a
genetic disorder such as cystic fibrosis. This is because cystic fibrosis is caused by a
..................................... allele. The two parents are healthy because they also have the
..................................... allele.
(Total 6 marks)
##
Read the article from a recent newspaper.
‘King Kong’ with inch-wide teeth who
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walked alongside early man.
Gigantopithecus blackii, R F Zallinger
The largest ape that walked on Earth was a prehistoric animal
that weighed up to 540 kg. It was 3 metres tall and had
inch-wide teeth. This giant ape roamed bamboo forests until
100 000 years ago. It is quite likely that the giant ape lived at
the same time as early humans.
(a)
What evidence might scientists have that the great ape existed?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
The drawing is an artist‟s impression of what the giant ape might have looked like.
Why do scientists not know exactly what the animal looked like?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Scientists do not know why this giant ape became extinct.
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Suggest two reasons why this giant ape became extinct.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q22.
The diagram shows a yeast cell.
Label structures A and B on the diagram.
Choose your answers from the list in the box.
cell membrane
cell wall
nucleus
vacuole
(Total 2 marks)
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Q23.
Green plants are able to make their own food.
Complete each sentence by drawing a ring around the correct answer in the box.
diffusion
(a)
Green plants make their own food during the process of
photosynthesis
respiration
(1)
(b)
This process can be summarised by the equation:
mineral salts
carbon dioxide + water → glucose +
light
oxygen
(1)
chlorophyll
(c)
The energy needed for this process is trapped for the plant by
glucose
light
(1)
chlorophyll
(d)
Some of the food made by plants is stored as insoluble
glucose
starch
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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Q24.
The diagram shows a cell from the lining of the lung. This cell is specialised to allow
gases to pass through quickly.
(a)
Use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.
cell
membrane
s
chloroplast
cytoplasm
mitochondria
nucleu
(3)
(b)
(i)
Which feature of this cell allows oxygen to pass through quickly?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your choice.
It is thin.
It has a large nucleus.
It has many mitochondria.
(1)
(ii)
Complete the sentence by drawing a ring around the correct answer in the
box.
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diffusion
Oxygen passes through this cell by osmosis
respiration
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q25.
The diagram shows an industrial process. Containers X and Y contain enzymes.
(a)
Starch syrup slowly trickles into container X.
The enzymes in container X convert the starch into glucose (sugar).
The enzymes in container Y convert the glucose into fructose.
The equation shows what happens in containers X and Y.
Enzyme A
starch
Enzyme B
glucose
Choose words from the box to name enzyme A and enzyme B.
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fructose
carbohydrase
isomerase
lipase
protease
Enzyme A ................................................
Enzyme B ................................................
(2)
(b)
Fructose syrup is much sweeter than glucose syrup.
Why do manufacturers of slimming foods use fructose syrup rather than glucose
syrup?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Here are some of the properties of enzymes:
•
they all work at atmospheric pressures
•
they are easily broken down by high temperature or the wrong pH
•
they are soluble in water, so it may be difficult to separate them from products
•
they are expensive to buy
•
they work well at 25 – 45 °C.
Use only the information above to answer these questions.
(i)
Give two advantages of using enzymes in industry.
1 .......................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Give two disadvantages of using enzymes in industry.
1 .......................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................
(2)
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(Total 7 marks)
Q26.
The diagram shows bushes in a hedge growing near to a house.
The bushes were the same species and the same age.
(a)
(i)
The student said, “I have noticed that the short bushes grow next to the
house. I think that the more light the bushes get, the faster they will grow.”
Draw lines to match each of the student‟s statements to the correct term.
Draw only two lines.
(2)
(ii)
Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.
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..................................... +water (+ light energy)  ................................ +
oxygen
(2)
(b)
The student decided to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis.
She used the apparatus shown in the diagram.
She measured the rate of photosynthesis by counting the number of gas bubbles
given off each minute.
(i)
Suggest how the student varied the intensity of the light received by the
pondweed.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
The student‟s results are shown on the graph.
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Describe the pattern shown on the graph.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii)
This is what the student wrote for her conclusion.
“Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis of the
pondweed.”
Why was her conclusion incomplete?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q27.
The diagram shows a spider plant during one type of reproduction.
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Complete the sentences using words from the box.
asexual
gametes
(a)
characteristics
genes
chromosomes
mitosis
sexual
The colour and shape of the leaves of a spider plant are known
as ................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
The shape of the leaves is controlled by ....................................................................
(1)
(c)
The thread-like structures inside the nucleus of the cells are
called ..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
The spider plant produces new cells in the runner by a process
called ..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(e)
This type of reproduction is called ...................................................... reproduction.
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q28.
The diagram shows a group of muscle cells from the wall of the intestine.
(a)
On the diagram, use words from the box to name the structures labelled A, B and
C.
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
(3)
(b)
How are these muscle cells adapted to release a lot of energy?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
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Q29.
Diagram 1 shows the nucleus of a body cell as it begins to divide by mitosis.
Diagram 1
(a)
Use a word from the box to label Diagram 1.
alleles
chromosomes
gametes
(1)
(b)
Complete Diagram 2 to show what the nucleus of one of the cells produced by this
mitosis would look like.
Diagram 2
(1)
(c)
Stem cells from a recently dead embryo can be grown in special solutions.
Some facts about stem cells are given below.
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•
Stem cells from an embryo can grow into any type of tissue.
•
Stem cells may grow out of control, to form cancers.
•
Large numbers of stem cells can be grown in the laboratory.
•
Stem cells may be used in medical research or to treat some human diseases.
•
Patients treated with stem cells need to take drugs for the rest of their life to
prevent rejection.
•
Collecting and growing stem cells is expensive.
Use only the information above to answer these questions.
(i)
Give two advantages of using stem cells.
1 ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Give two disadvantages of using stem cells.
1 ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q30.
(a)
The diagrams show cells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.
Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.
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Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?
Write your answer, A, B, C or D, in the box.
(1)
(b)
Draw a ring around the correct word to complete each sentence.
diffusion
(i)
Oxygen is taken into cells by the process of
osmosis
.
respiration
(1)
breathing
(ii)
Cells need oxygen for
photosynthesis
.
respiration
(1)
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membranes
(iii)
The parts of cells that use up the most oxygen are the
mitochondria
.
nuclei
(1)
diffusion
(iv)
Some cells produce oxygen in the process of
photosynthesis
.
respiration
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q31.
Diagram 1 shows a cell from a leaf.
Diagram 1
(a)
How is the leaf cell specialised to carry out photosynthesis?
Tick ( ) one box.
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It has a permanent vacuole.
It has many chloroplasts.
It has cytoplasm.
It has many mitochondria.
(1)
(b)
Diagram 2 shows another type of plant cell.
Diagram 2
Give two ways in which this cell is different from an animal cell.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 3 marks)
Q32.
A gardener grows tomatoes.
He wants to find out how to get the biggest mass of tomatoes.
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He plants different varieties of tomato against different walls in his garden.
Use these results to answer the questions.
(a)
The gardener wants his test to be fair.
Name one condition which he should keep the same for all his tomato plants.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
The table shows the gardener‟s results.
Variety of
tomato plant
Wall they were
planted against
Mean mass of
tomatoes
produced in
kilograms per
plant
(i)
Sungold
Sungold
Sungold
Sungold
Nugget
Champion
North
West
South
East
East
East
3.5
3.0
1.2
2.5
3.2
2.7
To obtain the biggest mass of tomatoes, against which wall is it best to grow
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the tomato plants?
Tick ( ) one box.
North wall
South wall
East wall
West wall
(1)
(ii)
To obtain the biggest mass of tomatoes, which variety of tomato plant would it
be best to grow?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
From the information in the table, the gardener‟s test was not fair.
Give one way in which the test was not fair.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q33.
A woman gives birth to triplets.
Two of the triplets are boys and the third is a girl.
The triplets developed from two egg cells released from the ovary at the same time.
The diagram shows how triplets A, B and C developed.
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(a)
Which stages on the diagram show gametes?
Draw a ring around your answer.
1 and 2
2 and 3
3 and 7
1 and 7
(1)
(b)
Embryo B is male.
Which of the following explains why embryo B is male?
Tick ( ) one box.
Cell P has an X chromosome; cell R has an X chromosome.
Cell P has a Y chromosome; cell R has an X chromosome.
Cell P has an X chromosome; cell R has a Y chromosome.
(1)
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(c)
The children that develop from embryos A and C will not be identical.
Explain why.
You may use words from the box in your answer.
egg
genes
sperm
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
Single cells from an embryo at Stage 7 can be separated and grown in a special
solution.
(i)
What term describes cells that are grown in this way?
Draw a ring around your answer.
lleles
screened cells
stem cells
(1)
(ii)
What happens when the cells are placed in the special solution?
Tick ( ) two boxes.
The cells divide
The cells fertilise
The cells differentiate
The cells separate
(2)
(iii)
Give one use of cells grown in this way.
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iv)
Some people might object to using cells from embryos in this way.
Give one reason why.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q34.
Enzymes have many uses in the home and in industry.
(a)
Which type of organism is used to produce these enzymes?
Tick ( ) one box.
Mammals
Microorganisms
Plants
(1)
(b)
Babies may have difficulty digesting proteins in their food. Baby food manufacturers
use enzymes to „pre-digest‟ the protein in baby food to overcome this difficulty.
Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
amino acids
(i)
amylases
proteases
sugars
Proteins are „pre-digested‟ using enzymes called
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................................................... .
(1)
(ii)
This pre-digestion produces
.................................................................................... .
(1)
(c)
A baby food manufacturer uses enzyme V to pre-digest protein.
He tries four new enzymes, W, X, Y and Z, to see if he can reduce the time taken to
pre-digest the protein.
The graph shows the time taken for the enzymes to completely pre-digest the
protein.
The manufacturer uses the same concentration of enzyme and the same mass of
protein in each experiment.
(i)
How long did it take enzyme V to pre-digest the protein?
minutes
(1)
(ii)
Which enzyme would you advise the baby food manufacturer to use?
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Draw a ring around your answer.
enzyme V
enzyme W
enzyme X
enzyme Y
enzyme Z
Give a reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii)
Give two factors which should be controlled in the baby food manufacturer‟s
investigations.
Tick ( ) two boxes.
Oxygen concentration
Temperature
Light intensity
pH
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q35.
Enzymes have many uses in the home and in industry.
(a)
Which type of organism is used to produce these enzymes?
Tick ( ) one box.
Mammals
Microorganisms
Page 46
Plants
(1)
(b)
Babies may have difficulty digesting proteins in their food. Baby food manufacturers
use enzymes to „pre-digest‟ the protein in baby food to overcome this difficulty.
Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
amino acids
(i)
amylases
proteases
sugars
Proteins are „pre-digested‟ using enzymes called
................................................... .
(1)
(ii)
This pre-digestion produces
.................................................................................... .
(1)
(c)
A baby food manufacturer uses enzyme V to pre-digest protein.
He tries four new enzymes, W, X, Y and Z, to see if he can reduce the time taken to
pre-digest the protein.
The graph shows the time taken for the enzymes to completely pre-digest the
protein.
The manufacturer uses the same concentration of enzyme and the same mass of
protein in each experiment.
Page 47
(i)
How long did it take enzyme V to pre-digest the protein?
minutes
(1)
(ii)
Which enzyme would you advise the baby food manufacturer to use?
Draw a ring around your answer.
enzyme V
enzyme W
enzyme X
enzyme Y
enzyme Z
Give a reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii)
Give two factors which should be controlled in the baby food manufacturer‟s
investigations.
Tick ( ) two boxes.
Oxygen concentration
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Temperature
Light intensity
pH
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 49