This article was downloaded by: [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] On: 11 February 2015, At: 01:21 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Military Balance Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmib20 Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia Published online: 10 Feb 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: (2015) Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia, The Military Balance, 115:1, 159-206, DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2015.996357 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2015.996357 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. 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Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Chapter Five Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 RUSSIA ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ŬŪŪŲȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬǰȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢Dzȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱThe Military Balanceǯȱ ǰȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱǰȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ Ȃȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮDzȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȬȱǯȱęȱȱȬ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȬȱǯ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱůůƖǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱŰůƖǯȱȱę¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȮȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ (see ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱ ǯȱ ūųųǼȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱǰȱȱěȱȱ ȱ ūŭŪǰŪŪŪȱ ȱ ŭŪǰŪŪŪȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ęȬȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱDzȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱŬŰȱ¢ȱȱŭȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱěǯȱȱȱȬȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȬĚȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱǻȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱūųųűȱ ȱ ȱDzȱĚȱȱȱȱ ǯǼ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪŪŲȱ Ěȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ȭ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȬȱǯȱȱ¢ȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȬ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȮȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȮȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȁȬȂǰȱȁ¢Ȃȱ ȱȁȂȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǻȱǯȱ ūűȮŬŪǼǯ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Russia and Eurasia Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 160 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǻȱ¡¡ǰȱǯȱūŰŭǼǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ǯ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¡ȱ ȱǯȱȱĜ¢ȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱŬŪūŪǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱŬŪūŭǯ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱDzȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱĜǯȱ¢ȱȬŬŪūŮǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱǻŬŪūŰȮŬůǼǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǻȱ¡¡ǰȱǯȱūŰŰǼǯ Land forces ȱ ¢Ȃȱ Military Balance ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŰŲȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȂǰȱ ȁȂȱ ȱ ȁ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǯȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȁȬĚȂǰȱȁȂȱȱ ȁȬȂȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȁȂȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ǻȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȬȱȱȮȱȱ ūūǰȱ ůŰȱ ȱ Ųŭȱ ǯǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȂȱ ȱ ȁ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȮȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȮȱȱěȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬĚȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬĚȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱBumerang ǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȬųŪȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ Ȭŭȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ę¢ǯȱ ǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŲŬȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŪŮȱ ¢ȦȬ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬűŬȱ ȱĚȱȱȱȬűŬŭȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱIskander ȱȱTochka-U ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ųȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūůȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱArmata Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ KurganetsȬŬůȱ Dzȱ ȱ ȱ BumerangȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱTyphoonȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȂȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūůȱȱǻȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ŬŮȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ KurganetsȬŬůȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ǽǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱęȱǯȱȱ ¡¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ ǯȱūŰŮȮŰűǼǯ Air force ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȁȱȂȱ¢ȱǻȱThe Military Balance ŬŪūŬǰȱǯȱūŲŰǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢Ȯȱȁ ȱȂȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȁȱ ȱ Ȃǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱěȱę¡Ȭȱ ȱ¢Ȭ ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱěǯȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ Ĝȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȮȱȱǯ Ȭȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȬŬŪŪŲȱȱȱ¢Ȭȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȁȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱ ůŰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¡Ȭ ȱ ǰȱ ūŬŬȱ ȱ 161 ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŮŪŪȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŬŪȱę¡Ȭȱȱ ¢Ȭ ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ PAK DAȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȁĚ¢ȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȬŬȱSpiritȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱŬŪūųǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱŬŪŬůǯ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ęȬȱ PAK FA ȱ ȱĜ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ŬŪūŰǰȱ ȱ ȁȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ¢Ȭȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȬȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ ȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱȱȬȱǰȱȱȱȱȬūŪūȱ ȱ ȬŭŬȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ Ȭůůůȱ ǻȬūůȱ KentǼȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬůůůȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱŬŪŬŪǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱŭŪȱȱȱȱȱęǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĚȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱůŪŪȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ ȱ ȱ Ȭěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ Skat ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ě¢ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūŲǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia 162 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Figure 7 Equipment Analysis: Russian Flanker Combat Aircraft Development Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 The Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱĜȱDzȱ the prototype aircraft underwent complete redesign in the late 1970s to address performance shortcomings. The aircraft ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȬȱęȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ detection and engagement ranges of potential targets. Originally intended for the export arena, the Russian air force ordered 48 Su-35S in 2009, and deliveries should be completed during 2015. An additional order for a further 48 is widely anticipated. The Su-35S will see service likely well into the 2030s as a complement to the air force’s ęȬȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȬśŖȱǯ Sukhoi Su-35S Flanker E (introduced 2013) IRBIS passive electronically scanned array radar Revised airframe construction and materials compared to Su-27B Increased vertical fin area Increased use of aluminium-lithium alloys and composites KSU-35 digital flight control system Digital cockpit Improved electronic counter measures Khibny-M EW suite OLS-35 infrared search and track 117C engine-thrust-vectoring nozzles Greater internal fuel capacity (Canards deleted from previous Su-27M/Su-35 design) Strengthened landing gear to support greater maximum take-off weight Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker B (introduced 1985) Analogue cockpit displays SDU-10 pitch-only fly-by-wire 12 hardpoints for weapons carriage Sorbtsiya electronic countermeasures (wing-tip pod mounted) Electronic warfare Beryoza radar warning receiver N001 Slotback radar OLS-27 infrared search and track 10 hardpoints for weapons carriage Su-27 Su-35S • Radar: N001 Slotback air-to-air only, detection range 80km (est.) against a 3m2 radar cross-section target • Radar: IRBIS passive electronically scanned array multi-mode air-to-air and air-to-surface. Claimed detection range against a 3m2 radar cross-section target 350–400km. 90km detection range against a 0.01m2 RCS target • Analogue cockpit • Digital cockpit • 2 x AL-31F turbofan engines each rated at 12,500kg in afterburner, 7,700kg max dry power • 2 x 117S turbofan engines each rated at 14,500kg in afterburner, 8,800kg max dry power. Thrust-vectoring nozzles • OLS-27 infrared search and track, 50km detection range (target from rear) • OLS-35 infrared search and track, 90km plus detection range (target from rear) • 10 hardpoints: • 12 hardpoints: Short-range AAMs • R-73 (AA-11 Archer) short-range air-to-air missile, maximum range 30km • R-73 and K-74M2 (R-73 upgrade), maximum range 40km Medium-range AAMs • R-27 (AA-10 Alamo) family of semi-active, radar-guided, infrared guided and passive AAMs. Semi-active radar-guided R-27ER (AA-10C), max range against a fighter 60km, 90–100km against a large aircraft. Passive-homing R-27EP (AA-10F), 110km max range • No active radar-guided AAM • Air-to-Surface: mix of unguided bombs and rockets AL-31F engine – convergent/divergent nozzles Maximum missile fly-out ranges radar detection range Maximum 400km 350km Su-35SS against 3m2 RCS 400km 300km R-37M (Su-35S) 280km 280km 200km RVV-BD (could be integrated onto Su-35 export) • Alamo family plus R-77-1 (AA-12B Adder) active radar-guided medium-range AAM, max range 110km. Also possibly the K-77M, a further development of the basic R-77 Long-range AAM • R-37M (AA-13 Axehead) long-range radar-guided AAM (known as RVV-BD for export). This missile is being offered for the Su-35S. Max range is est. 280km (200km for RVV-BD) R-27EP (Su-27) R-77-1 (Su-35) 110km Su-27P against 3m2 RCS 80km R-27ER 60km 60km (large target: 90km) • Air-to-Surface includes: Kh-38 family of medium-range air-to-surface missiles, Kh-31PM (AS-17C Krypton) anti-radiation missile, Kh-59M family (AS-18 Kazoo), variety of precision-guided bombs © IISS Russia and Eurasia ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ Borey- Ȭ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Bulavaȱ ǻȬȬȬŭŬǼȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ YasenȬ Ȭǰȱ Ȭ ȱ Ĵȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬūŪȱ Losharik ȱ ȱ ŪųŲůūȱ Khabarovskǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱĜȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱ ůŪȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱBoreyȬȱǰȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱBulavaȱȱȱȱȱ Personnel issues The Russian armed forces continue to suffer the effects of personnel problems noted in The Military Balance 2013. Demographic pressure combined with the reduction in the conscript service term to one year, as well as ongoing challenges in recruiting professional servicemen and women, meant that at the beginning of 2014 the services were only 82% manned – a shortage of nearly 200,000 personnel. Despite exceeding contract-service recruitment targets for 2013, this problem persisted throughout 2014, leading to a reduction in 2014 recruitment plans. The total number of contract-service soldiers was intended to reach 240,000 by the end of 2014. These mainly staff the combat sub-units of the Airborne Assault Troops (VDV) and other special-operations forces, although they also work on submarines and other complex or costly equipment. Support and artillery sub-units, however, remain largely conscript-manned, including those in VDV divisions. As a consequence, even elite formations are suffering from the introduction of the one-year conscription term. Special-forces units, for example, could not be deployed in full to Crimea in 2014, as they included a contingent of conscripts only drafted the previous autumn. These troops had been in the armed forces for less than six months at that point and had to remain behind. As a result, these units could field no more than two-thirds of their official strength. Plans to increase the number of contract-service personnel to 350,000 by 2015 have been announced. This would require a recruitment campaign of unprecedented scale, bringing in 150,000 new contract-service personnel for the army within a year – significantly higher than both the 2013 and 2014 recruitment figures. The intention is to fill contract posts in the VDV, increase numbers in the land forces more broadly and put contract-service personnel in 75% of semi-skilled posts, such as combatvehicle drivers and maintenance staff. Strong Russian public support for operations in Crimea has boosted the armed forces’ popularity, adding to the prestige of military service, and contributed to muchimproved morale and a renewed sense of purpose within the services. Furthermore, salary improvements have helped recruitment by providing highly competitive remuneration. Nevertheless, it remains unlikely that the ambitious recruitment plan can be fulfilled within one year. Analysts suggest that the long-established pattern of failing to meet unrealistic contract-recruitment targets will persist. Meanwhile, improved results have been reported for conscription. The spring 2014 draft brought in 154,000 personnel, with an apparent 20% reduction in evasion. From autumn 2014, recruits with a higher level of education have the option of serving on superior contract terms for two years instead of completing the mandatory one-year conscription period. Increased attention to training reserves was a major new initiative. A special Reserves Command was formed at the end of 2013 in each of the four military districts. These are responsible for the training and mobilisation of reservists as well as the maintenance of equipment at storage depots; and for using these reserves and equipment to deploy full-strength combat units during mobilisation. They are a major departure from the previous practice, whereby call-up offices and the commanders of active brigades and divisions were responsible for mobilisation. The new system should relieve these commanders of a number of associated tasks. It can also be seen as a response to changes in armed forces’ staffing in recent years, which has led to fewer trained reservists being available after conscript service, and therefore more care required in their management. In addition, the new commands will be responsible for new types of reserves, such as a voluntary high-readiness reserve made up of those who have recently completed military service. In the first phase, in 2015, the defence ministry plans to recruit 8,600 of this type of reservist, primarily in specialist trades. Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Navy 163 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ŬŪūŭǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŬŪūŮȱȱŬŪūŰǯ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬŮȱ Fencerȱ ȬĴȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȬŭŪȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬŬųȦȱęȱ ȱȱȱȂȱȬȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱ ȱMistralȬȱȬȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ŭŬȱ ȱ ȬůŬȱ Hokumǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱǯ Strategic Rocket Forces ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱȬ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱSarmat, ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ Ȭǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȬȬ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǯȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȬ ȱȬŬŮȱYarsȱǰȱȱȬȱȱȬȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȬȱ ȱYarsȱȱŬŪūŮǯȱȱȬŬŰǰȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūůǯ DEFENCE ECONOMICS Defence Spending ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱŬŪūŮǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱȱŭǯůƖȱ ȱȱȱŭǯūůƖȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱŬŪūůȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱŮǯŬƖȱȱǰȱȱȱŭǯűƖȱȱŬŪūŰȱȱ ŭǯŰƖȱȱŬŪūűǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱŬŪūůǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŬůƖǰȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 3.40 3.5 3.15 3.06 3.0 2.91 2.76 2.71 2010 2011 2.5 % of GDP 164 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2009 2012 2013 2014 Figure 8 Estimated Russian Defence Expenditure as % of GDP ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱŬŪūůȱ ȱȱŭǯŭȱȱ ǻǞŲŲǯŭǼǰȱȱ ȱŬǯůȱǻǞűŪǼȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱŬǯūȱǻǞŰŰǯūǼȱȱŬŪūŭǯ State Armaments Programme ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ęȱ ¢ȱ ǻŬŪūūȮūůǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱǻȱȱȱ ŬŪǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǞŮŭŰǯůǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ¢Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūůǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŰȱ ȱ ŬŪūűȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȂȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūůǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪȱ ȱ ȱ űŪƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȂǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǻȱȱŮǰȱǯȱūŰűǼǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǻǼȱȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 2014 Defence Spending (US$bn) 70.05 2.5 2 1 .5 .01 [1] Map illustrating 2014 planned defence-spending levels (in US$ at market exchange rates), as well as the annual real percentage change in planned defence spending between 2013 and 2014 (at constant 2010 prices and exchange rates). Percentage changes in defence spending can vary considerably from year to year, as states revise the level of funding allocated to defence. Changes indicated here highlight the short-term trend in planned defence spending between 2013 and 2014. Actual spending changes prior to 2013, and projected spending levels post-2014, are not reflected. Russia Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Real % Change (2013–14) Between 10% and 20% increase Between 3% and 10% increase Between 0% and 3% increase Between 0% and 3% decrease Between 3% and 10% decrease Insufficient data 165 Belarus Ukraine Moldova Kazakhstan Georgia Armenia Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Azerbaijan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Map 3 Russia and Eurasia Regional Defence Spending1 ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Bulavaȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȬŮŪŪȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬůŪŪȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Armata-ȱ ¢ȱȬȱȱȱȱKurganets ȱ Bumerangȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūůȮūŰǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪŬůȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱŬŪūŰȮŬůȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱŬŪūůǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱȱȬȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱĚǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱŬŪŬŪǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ǯ Defence industry Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ Ĵȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ¡ȱȱŬŪŬŪǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 166 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 17 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Defence Expenditure (R bn) ǯȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ3,500 ȱȱ ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ 3,000 ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ 2,500 ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ŬŪūŬǯ 2,000 ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ 1,500 ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ 1,000 ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱ ȱ ȱ 500 Ǟūůǯűȱȱȁ¢ȬȱȂǰȱȱȱ 0 ȱǰȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱŰŪƖǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ Sources: Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat), Russian Ministry of Finance, Federal Treasury and State Duma. ¢Ȭȱǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ National defence expenditure figures from 2005 to 2013 reflect actual expenditure, figure for 2014 reflects the amended federal budget and figures for 2015 to 2017 reflect the draft national budget. ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱǯȱ Figure 9 Russia Defence Expenditure Trends ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŲůƖȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱ (2005–17)1 ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǞūŭȱȱȱ ¡ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ǻǼǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūŭǯ ȱ ŬŪŪŰǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ 1 The Ukraine crisis & Russia’s defence industry in 2014 The conflict in Ukraine posed new problems for Russia’s defence industry, in particular the decision by Ukraine’s new president, Petro Poroshenko, to prohibit all military cooperation with Russia. While the overall volume of Ukrainian military deliveries to Russia has been relatively modest, there are several major dependencies that could create difficulties. The most significant are Ukraine’s significant role as a supplier of engines for some Russianbuilt helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, the supply of power units for ships (including some of the new surface vessels now being built under the State Armaments Programme) and the role of Ukrainian enterprises in keeping Russia’s RS-20 (SS-18 Satan) heavy ICBMs in operational use. The Russian government has either adopted an import substitution programme to secure domestic production of military materiel currently supplied by Ukraine, or it has turned to Belarus to augment supply chains. Additionally, some Ukrainian aircraft- and shipbuilding-sector workers are reported to have transferred to Russia following the loss of their jobs, although the extent and impact that this influx of skilled labour will have on Russian defence production is unclear. Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin stated that Russia will need two to three years to achieve independence from Ukrainian inputs, but this is probably overly optimistic. Full import substitution will require billions of dollars’ worth of investment, and will likely take at least five to ten years to achieve. Sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union on the defence sector – including measures against specific Russian companies – are unlikely to have a significant impact on the implementation of the State Armaments Programme, principally because there has been no far-reaching defence-industrial integration with Western states. More significant threats to Russia’s military-modernisation efforts are moves by the West to restrict its access to dual-use technologies. Russia’s defence industry will likely be hard hit by a cessation of European electronic-component imports, and may come to rely more heavily on China and other Asian producers for substitutes. Russia’s ambitious programme to modernise its defence-industrial production base will also be affected. With few exceptions, the domestic machine-tool industry is unable to produce the advanced equipment required. Consequently, Russian defence-industrial plants have been buying advanced machine tools and other production equipment in significant quantities from leading European, Japanese and US firms, and the state-owned arms manufacturer Rostec Corporation has been organising joint enterprises with some of these companies in Russia. Russia and Eurasia 167 Table 4 Russian Arms Procurement 2011–13 & Approximate State Armaments Programme 2020 Objectives 2012 2013 2014 State Defence Order Total to 2020 15* 400+ ICBMs 7 9 15* SLBMs 20* 15* 15* Military Satellitesa 9 6 15 Fixed-wing aircraft 28 35 67 of which combat aircraft 16* 30* 45* 100+ 100 850* 450* Helicopters 82 118 100 of which combat helicopters 22 35 31 350* 15 4,000+ UAVs S-400 air-defence systems (divisions) 2 2 2 90* 2 1,120 56 Strategic nuclear submarines 0 0 2 1 8 Multi-role nuclear submarines 0 0 0 1 7 Diesel-electric submarines 0 0 0 1 8 to 10 Surface combat shipsb 1 1 1 4 50 2 2 Tanks Iskander missile systems (brigades) 2,300+ 10 *Estimates a Total number, excluding failed launches; bMainly frigates and corvettes ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ūŪȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ£ȱ ǻ¢ȱǼȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ££ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱěǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǰȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȬ¢ȱȱȮȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱŬŪūūȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱMistralȬȱȬȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬǯ CENTRAL ASIA ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱęȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūŭǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȂȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ŭŪȬ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ŬŪūȱ ȬĚȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ űǰŪŪŪȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢Ȭȱǯȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢¢£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬůȱ Frogfoot ȬĴȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱ¢¢£ȱȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŭȱ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 2011 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 168 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱūŬȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ £ǰȱ ȱȱŰǰŲŪŪȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ŬůƖȱȬȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢Dzȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱěȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ěȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ěȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡¢ȱůŪƖȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ £ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ £Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūǰŮŪŪȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱŬŪūŭǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱ£ȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǰȱ ¢¢£ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǻ£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯǼȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȬȬǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱŬŪŪųȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱȁȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢Ȃǯ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ¢Ȭȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ£ȱȬŬųůȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Steppe Eagleȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūűǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱȱȱŬŪŲȱȱȱŬŲȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭęȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱǯ UKRAINE ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Strategic Survey ŬŪūŮȱǻǯȱūůūȮŰŮǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱūųȮŬŪȱ¢ȱȱ ȱűŪȱȬȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ěȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ŭūȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪŪŮȱǰȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 169 © IISS Russia Ukraine Dzhankoy 12–14 Mar Kerch 9 Mar Ferry crossing 15 Mar 6 Mar Yevpatoriya Gvardeiskoye Novofedorovka Fedosiya 28 Feb Simferopol 1 Mar Kacha 22 Mar 24 Mar Belbek air base 27 Feb Sevastopol Main roads Main railroads Yalta 1 Mar 9 Mar 27 Feb Pro-Russian militia seize govt buildings including the parliament (Simferopol); VDV, Spetsnaz and other Special Operations Forces involved; Azov landing ship unloads Marines 28 Feb Crimean aiports, including Simferopol, seized; Belbek airport runway blocked; 3 Mi-8 and 8 Mi-35M land at Kacha air base; Il-76s land at Gvardeiskoye 1 Mar Spetsnaz brigade arrives in Simferopol; four Russian landing ships dock at Sevastopol with more Spetsnaz 5 Mar Additional Spetsnaz, VDV, Special Operations Forces arrive 6 Mar Ochakov Kara-class cruiser scuttled to block entrance to Black Sea 9 Mar Ukrainian naval air base at Novofedorovka in Russian hands; Bastion-P deployed (identified in Sevastopol) 12 Mar 18th Independent Motor-rifle Brigade enters Crimea via Kerch ferry crossing (with BTR-82A) 13 Mar train with military equipment enters Crimea via Kerch Crossing 14 Mar 291st Artillery Brigade in Crimea via Kerch 15 Mar S-300PS SAM deployed in Crimea at Gvardeiskoye 19 Mar Russian forces take control of remaining military bases and vessels 22 Mar Belbek under Russian control 24 Mar Special Operations Forces seize 1st Marines Regiment in Fedosiya 25 Mar Following the capture of the ship Cherkassy Russia secures military control of Crimea Map 4 Russia Seizes Crimea ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŬȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ę¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ Ȭȱȱ¢Ȃȱ ȱȱȱȂȱȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ŰŪƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱȱǯ The seizure of Crimea ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱŬűȮŬŲȱ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱȬȱǰȱȱȱȁȱ ȬȱȂǰȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ǰȱȁȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȂǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Dzȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 C R IMEA Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 170 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ¢ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ę¡Ȭ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ęȬȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱDzȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȬȱ ȁĴȱȱȂȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬųȱ ȱ Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȂȱȬŬųȱĚȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĚȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǻȱȬȱǼȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱŬůȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱCherkassy, ȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱǯ Ukraine’s armed forces ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ūƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¢ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ěȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱŬŪūūȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱĚ¢ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬųȱ ȱ ȬŬűȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĚȱ ȱ ȱ Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱę¡Ȭ ȱȬȱĚȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯ Conflict in Ukraine’s east ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūŰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ųűƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȂǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȂȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱǻȱ ¢ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǽȱ ¢Ǿȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ĚȂǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 The emergence of a pro-Russian separatist movement in eastern Ukraine in 2014, centred in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, and supported by armed militia, has led to bier military confrontation with forces loyal to Kiev. Slovyansk, some 150km west of Luhansk, marked the most westerly extent of separatist gains by April. The city was retaken in early July 2014 as the government’s initially faltering counter-offensive gained strength. By the first week in August, state forces had effectively surrounded Luhansk, while there was heavy fighting between government and separatist forces in Donetsk. Now under heavy pressure themselves, the separatists were able to launch an offensive in the far south of the Dontesk region at the end of August, seizing Novoazovsk and advancing toward Mariupol on the coast. This was part of a broader effort – with significant Russian support – to push back the Ukrainian armed forces and to regain as much territory as possible. Government forces pulled back from Luhansk airport at the beginning of September while fighting continued throughout October despite a 5 September truce, including around Donetsk and its airport. In early November both NATO and the OSCE reported new sightings of unmarked military columns with heavy weaponry inside separatist-held areas. 17 Jul MH17 shot down LUHANSK OBLAST 21 Aug NATO alleges Russian self-propelled artillery inside Ukraine 23 Aug NATO alleges KHARKIV Russian artillery and armour OBLAST directed at Ukraine Luhansk Slovyansk 27 Aug Novoazovsk seized; southern front opens DNIPROPETROVSK OBLAST 21 Aug Hrabove 17 Jul Horlivka Shakhtarsk Torez Donetsk DONETSK OBLAST RUSSIA 23 Aug APRIL 2014: Maximum extent of rebel control ZAPORIZHZHYA OBLAST UKRAINE EARLY AUGUST 2014: Government counter-offensive; rebels pushed back Novoazovsk Mariupol 27 Aug MID-OCTOBER 2014: Southern front opened; rebels regain momentum Sea of Azov Sources: IISS, BBC, OSCE, NATO © IISS Map 5 Conflict in Eastern Ukraine ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ěǰȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱDzȱȱĚǰȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱǻ Ǽȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȱǰȱȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 171 Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 172 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱĚȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱĴǯȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱĴȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ¢ȱȱȬȱȱȱȬ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȂǯȱ ǰȱȱ ȱĜȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ǯ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȬ ȱ ȁȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȬ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱůȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ūűȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱĚȱ ūűȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŭŪŪȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Bukǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȬȱǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŰȱȱ ǻ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǼǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȬűŬǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŬűȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȁȂȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱFinancial Times ȱȱŬŬȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȁȃ¢ȱ ȱȱȱDZȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǵȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȄȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȂ ȱȬȱȬěȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱę ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȬȱȱǻȱǯȱūűŭǼǰȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱĚ ȱȱĚȱȱȂȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ůȱ ǯȱȱȱȱĚȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱūųųŪǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȬǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱęȱ¢ȱȱ¢Ȃȱ¢ǯȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱĴȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȬȱǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱĚ¡ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĴǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱȱŬŪūŮǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ Defence economics ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱȮȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ¡ȬȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȬŬŪūŬǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǯȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Dzȱ ȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȬŰǯůƖǯȱȱĚȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ǟūűȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡Ȭȱǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ 173 ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ŮŪǯůŭȱ ǻǞŭǯůųǼȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǻȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢Ǽǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūůǯŰƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ Űǯųȱ ǻǞŰūūȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ůȱ ǻǞŮŮŬǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ůŬǯŮȱ ǻǞŮǯŰŮǼǯȱ ¢ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūůūȱ ǻǞūŭǯŮǼǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ǰȱȬȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǯǯȱ ǰȱ ȱǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȬȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱDzȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ űűƖǯȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęǯȱ ȱ ȱ ěǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūŮDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ǟŭȱǻȱ ŭŮǼȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Űŭȱ ǻǞŮǯŲŲǼȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱŬŪūůȱ ǯȱǰȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ Ȯȱȱȱȱȱȁ¢ȱŬŪŬŪȂȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ŬŪŬŪǰȱȱůƖȱȱǰȱęȱ¢ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĚȱ ȱ¢ȱǯ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia 174 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Armenia ARM Armenian Dram d GDP 2014 4.27tr 4.59tr US$ 10.4bn 11.1bn US$ 3,173 3,373 Growth % 3.5 3.2 Inflation % 5.8 1.8 per capita d 188bn 194bn US$ 458m 470m US$ 2.7m 2.7m 409.63 412.81 Def bdgt [a] Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 2013 d FMA (US) US$1=d 2015 1.7m [a] Includes imported military equipment, excludes military pensions Population 3,060,927 Age 0 – 14 Male 9.8% 3.4% 4.2% 4.7% 21.4% 4.2% Female 9.3% 3.3% 4.3% 4.8% 24.2% 6.3% 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Capabilities ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĜǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ ACTIVE 44,800 (Army 41,850 Air/AD Aviation Forces (Joint) 1,100 other Air Defence Forces 1,850) Paramilitary 4,300 MANOEUVRE Mechanised ŗȱǻŗǼȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŘȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǼȱ ŗȱǻŘǼȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŘȱȱǰȱŗȱȱȱǰȱ ŗȱ¢ȱǼ ŗȱǻřǼȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŚȱȱǰȱŗȱȱȱǰȱ ŗȱ¢ȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǼȱ ŗȱǻŚǼȱȱǻŚȱȱDzȱŗȱȱ¢ȱDzȱŗȱȱǼȱ ŗȱǻśǼȱȱǻ ȱŘȱęȱǼȱǻŗȱȱǼ Other ŗȱȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Řȱȱ ŗȱǻǼȱȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱŗŖşDZȱřȱȬśŚDzȱśȱȬśśDzȱŗŖŗȱȬŝŘ AIFVȱşŞDZ ŝśȱȬŗDzȱŜȱȬŗDzȱśȱȬŘDzȱŗŘȱȬŗȱ APC (W) ŗřŖDZȱŞȱȬŜŖDzȱŗŖŖȱȬȬDzȱŗŞȱȬŝŖDzȱŚȱȬ ŞŖ ARTYȱŘřŘ SPȱřŞDZ 122mmȱŗŖȱŘŗDz 152mmȱŘŞȱŘřȱ TOWEDȱŗřŗDZȱ122mmȱŜşȱȬřŖDz 152mmȱŜŘDZȱŘŜȱŘřŜDzȱŘȱ ȬŗDzȱřŚȱȬŘŖȱ MRLȱśŗDZ 122mmȱŚŝȱȬŘŗDz 273mmȱŚȱȬŞŖȱ MOR 120mm ŗŘȱŗŘŖȱ AT • MSL • SP ŘŘDZȱşȱşŗŚŞDzȱŗřȱşŗŚş AD SAM SPȱŘŗŗȱKrugȱǻȬŚȱGanefǼDzȱŘŗŘȱKubȱǻȬŜȱGainfulǼDzȱ şřřȱOsaȱǻȬŞȱGeckoǼ TOWEDȱȬŝśȱDvinaȱǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼDzȱȬŗŘśȱPechora ǻȬřȱGoaǼ MANPAD şřŗŖȱIgla-ŗȱǻȬŗŜȱGimletǼDzȱşřŞȱIgla ǻȬ ŗŞȱGrouseǼ GUNS SP ȬŘřȬŚȱ TOWED 23mmȱȬŘřȬŘ UAV Light ŗś Krunk RADAR • LANDȱŜȱȬŗŖ MSL • TACTICAL • SSMȱŗŘDZȱŞȱşŝŘȱElbrusȱǻȬŗȱScud B)DzȱŚȱşŝşȱTochka ǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ AEVȱȬ ARVȱȬDzȱȬŗ Conscript liabilityȱŘŚȱǯȱ RESERVES some mob reported, possibly 210,000 with military service within 15 years. ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 22,900; 18,950 conscripts (total 41,850) FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ Air and Air Defence Aviation Forces 1,100 ŗȱȱǭȱȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱFrogfoot EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŗśȱȱ ATK ŗśDZȱŗřȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot;ȱŘȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot TPTȱřDZȱHeavyȱŘȱȬŝŜȱCandid; PAXȱŗȱřŗş TRGȱŗŚDZȱŚȱȬřşȱAlbatrosDzȱŗŖȱȬśŘȱ Russia and Eurasia Paramilitary 4,300 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Ministry of Internal Affairs FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Other Śȱ¢ȱ Azerbaijan AZE Azerbaijani New Manat m GDP 2013 2014 m 57.7bn 60.5bn US$ 73.5bn 77.9bn US$ 7,900 8,303 Growth % 5.8 4.5 Inflation % 2.4 2.8 m 2.75bn per capita Def exp US$ 3.5bn m 1.53bn 1.64bn US$ 1.95bn 2.11bn US$ 2.7m 2.7m 0.78 0.78 Def bdgt [a] FMA (US) 2015 1.7m EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIFVȱśśDZȱśȱȬŗDzȱŚŚȱȬŗDzȱŗȱȬŗDzȱśȱȬŗȱ APC (W)ȱŘŚȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŗśŘ [a] Official defence budget. Excludes a significant proportion of procurement outlays. Border Troops Population EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIFVȱŚřDZ śȱȬŗDzȱřśȱȬŗDzȱřȱȬŗȱ APC (W)ȱŘřDZȱśȱȬŜŖDzȱŗŞȱȬŝŖȱ Age 0 – 14 Male 12.1% 4.2% 5.2% 4.8% 20.7% 2.4% Female 10.5% 3.9% 5.0% 4.6% 22.7% 3.9% ¢ȱȱȱ¢ DEPLOYMENT Legal provisions for foreign deployment: Constitution:ȱęȱȱǻŗşşśǰȱȱŘŖŖśǼ ęȱ DZȱ ȁ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ Decision on deployment of troops abroad:ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȁ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȂȱ ǻȱ śȱ ǻŘǼȱ ǻŗǼǼǯȱǰȱ ȱǯȱ śśȱ ǻŗřǼȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǼǯȱǻȱǯȱŞŗȱǻřǼȱȱ ǯǼ AFGHANISTAN NATO ȊȱȱŗŘŗ LEBANON UN Ȋȱȱŗ SERBIA NATO ȊȱȱřŜ UKRAINE OSCE ȊȱȱŘ FOREIGN FORCES ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ£ Bulgaria ȱŗ Czech Republic ȱŗ Poland ȱŗ Russia řǰřŖŖDZȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱȱDzȱŝŚȱȬŝŘDzȱŞŖȱȬ ŗDzȱŞŖȱȬŘDzȱŗŘȱŘŗDzȱŗŘȱȬŘŗǼDzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱŗŞȱȬŘşȱ FulcrumDzȱŘȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼDzȱŗȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱŘŗŘȱKubȱǻȬŜȱGainfulǼ Sweden ȱŗ Ukraine ȱŗ US$1=m 9,686,210 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Capabilities ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬřŖŖȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ǯȱ£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯ ACTIVE 66,950 (Army 56,850 Navy 2,200 Air 7,900) Paramilitary 15,000 Conscript liabilityȱ ŗŝȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ RESERVE 300,000 ȱȱDzȱřŖŖǰŖŖŖȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱŗśȱ¢ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 56,850 Russia and Eurasia HELICOPTERS ATKȱŝȱȬŘŚȱHind ISRȱŚDZȱŘȱȬŘŚȱHindDzȱŘȱȬŘŚȱHindȱǻȱǼ MRH ŗŖȱȬŞȱǻȱǼ C2 ŘȱȬşȱHipȱȱǻȱǼ TPT • Light ŝȱȱȬŘ Hoplite SAM • SPȱȬřŖŖȦȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȦȬŘŖǼ 175 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 176 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND śȱȱ MANEOEUVRE Mechanised Śȱȱ Light ŗşȱȱ Other ŗȱ¢ȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱ¢ȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗȱȱ PCC řDZ Řȱ Petrushkaȱ ǻȱ ȬřDzȱ ȱ ȱ ǼDzȱ ŗȱ Shelon ǻ¡Ȭ ŗřŞŞǼ PBȱřDZȱŗȱAraz (ex-ȱȱŘśǼDzȱŗȱBryza ǻ¡ȬȱȱŝŘŘǼDzȱ ŗȱPoluchat ǻ¡Ȭ ȱřŜŞǼȱ MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURESȱŚȱ MHCȱ ŚDZȱ Řȱ Yevgenyaȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŗŘśŞǼDzȱ Řȱ Yakhontȱ ǻȱ SonyaǼ AMPHIBIOUS Ŝ LSMȱřDZȱŗȱPolnochny AȱǻȱȱŝŝŖǼȱǻ¢ȱŜȱDzȱ ŗŞŖȱǼDzȱŘȱPolnochny BȱǻȱȱŝŝŗǼȱǻ¢ȱŜȱ DzȱŗŞŖȱǼ LCU ŗȱVydraȕȱǻǼȱǻ¢ȱȱřȱȬřŖȱȱȱ ŘŖŖȱǼ LCMȱŘȱȬŚȱǻǼ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORTȱŚ AGS ŗȱǻȱȱŗŖŚŝŖǼȱ YTB Ř YTD ŗ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱŚřřDZȱşśȱȬśśDzȱŘŚŚȱȬŝŘDzȱşŚȱȬşŖ AIFVȱŘŗŞDZ ŘŖȱȬŗDzȱŚřȱȬŗDzȱřřȱȬŘDzȱŗŖŖȱȬřDzȱŗśȱ ȬŗDzȱŝȱȬŞŖȱ APC śŜŞ APC (T)ȱřřŜȱȬȱ APC (W)ȱŗŚŘDZȱŗŖȱȬŜŖDzȱŗřŘȱȬŝŖ PPVȱşŖDZȱŚśȱMarauder; ŚśȱMatador ARTYȱśŚŘ SPȱŞŝDZȱ122mmȱŚŜȱŘŗDzȱ152mmȱŘŚDZȱŜȱŘřDzȱŗŞȱŘŗşȱMstaȬDzȱ 155mmȱśȱȬŘŖŖŖDz 203mmȱŗŘȱŘŝȱ TOWEDȱŘŖŝDZȱ122mmȱŗŘşȱȬřŖDzȱ130mmȱřŜȱȬŚŜDzȱ152mm ŚŘDZȱŗŞȱŘřŜDzȱŘŚȱȬŘŖ GUN/MOR 120mmȱřŜDZȱŗŞȱŘşȱDzȱŗŞȱŘřŗȱVena MRL ŗŖŖƸDZȱ122mmȱśŘƸDZȱŚřȱȬŘŗDzȱşƸȱ LynxDzȱ128mm ŗŘȱȬŗŘ; 220mmȱŜȱȬŗDz 300mmȱřŖȱşśŘȱSmerch MOR 120mmȱŗŗŘDZȱśȱDzȱŗŖŝȱȬřŞ AT • MSL • MANPATS şŗŗȱ Malyutkaȱ ǻȬřȱ SaggerǼDzȱ şŗŗŗȱFagotȱǻȬŚȱSpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱKonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱ şŗŗśȱMetisȱǻȬŝȱSaxhornǼDzȱSpikeȬȱ AD • SAM • SPȱŘŗŗ KrugȱǻȬŚȱGanefǼDZȱşřřȱOsaȱǻȬŞȱ GeckoǼȖDzȱşřśȱStrela-ŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱGopherǼDzȱşřŝȱBukȬŗȱǻȬ ŗŗȱĚ¢Ǽ MANPAD şřŘ Strela (Ȭŝ GrailDzǼȱ şřŚȱ StrelaȬř; ǻȬŗŚ GremlinǼDzȱşřŗŖȱIglaȬŗ ǻȬŗŜȱGimletǼDzȱşřřŞȱIglaȬ ǻȬŘŚȱ GrinchǼ MSL • SSMȱΉŚȱşŝşȱTochka ǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ RADAR • LANDȱ Ȭŗȱ Long TroughȦȬŘȦȬŜȱ Pork Troughȱ ǻ¢ǼDzȱ Small Fred/Small YawnȦȬŗŖȱ Big Fred ǻǰȱ¢ǼDzȱȬŗřȱLong EyeȱǻǼ UAV • ISR • MediumȱřȱAerostar AEVȱȬ MW Bozena Air Force and Air Defence 7,900 FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȱFulcrum FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŗȱFishbedDzȱȬŗŝȱĴDzȱȬŘŚȱFencerDzȱ ȬŘś FrogfootDzȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot B TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŚŖȱCodling ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHipDzȱȬŘŚȱHindDzȱȱȬŘȱHoplite EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŚŚȱȱ FTRȱŗŚȱȬŘşȱFulcrum FGAȱŗŗDZȱŚȱȬŘŗȱFishbed ǻŗȱȱȱǼDzȱŚȱȬŗŝȱĴDzȱ ŗȱȬŗŝȱĴDzȱŘȱȬŘŚȱFencer† ATK ŗşDZ ŗŜȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱřȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot B TPTȱŚDZȱMediumȱŗȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱLightȱřȱȬŚŖȱCodling TRGȱŚŖDZȱŘŞȱȬŘşȱęDzȱŗŘȱȬřşȱAlbatros HELICOPTERS ATKȱŘŜȱȬŘŚȱHind MRH: ŘŖƸȱȬŗŝȬȱHip TPTȱŘŖDZȱMediumȱŗřȱȬŞȱHipDzȱLightȱŝȱȱȬŘȱHoplite UAV • ISR • Medium ŚȱAerostar AD • SAMȱ Ȭŝśȱ Dvinaȱ ǻȬŘȱ GuidelineǼDzȱ ȬŗŘśȱ Nevaȱ ǻȬ řȱGoaǼDzȱȦȬŘŖŖȱVegaȱǻȬśȱGammonǼȱDzȱȬřŖŖȦŘȱ ǻȬŘŖȱGargoyleǼȱ MSL • AAM • IRȱȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱAphidǼDzȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱArcherǼȱ IR/SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱAlamoǼ Paramilitary ε15,000 Navy 2,200 Border Guard ε5,000 EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŞ CORVETTES • FSȱŗȱKusarȱǻ¡ȬȱPetya IIǼȱ ȱŘȱȱ ŜŖŖŖȱSmerchȱŘǰȱŘȱ ȱŝŜȱ PSO ŗȱLuga (Woodnik ŘȱǼȱǻȱȱŞŞŞDzȱȱ ȱǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIFVȱŗŜŞȱȬŗȦŘȱ APC (W)ȱŗşȱȬŜŖȦŝŖȦŞŖȱ ARTY • MRL 122mm řȱȬŗŘŘ HELICOPTERS • ATKȱŘŚȱȬřśȱHind ¢ȱȱȱě Russia and Eurasia ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱŘŖŖśȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŗŘ PBFȱŞDZȱŗȱOsa ǻȱȱŘŖśǼDzȱŘȱShaldagȱDzȱŘȱȱ ȱŚŞDzȱřȱStenka PB ŚDZȱŘȱȱŗśŖDzȱŗȱPointȱǻǼDzȱŗȱGrifȱǻȱZhukǼ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT • ARS ŗ IvaȱǻȱVikhrǼ Militia 10,000+ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭǯȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱŘŖŖȮřŖŖȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¡Ȭȱ ȱ ¢Ȭ ȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŗŞǰŖŖŖȮ ŘŖǰŖŖŖǯȱǻȱǯȱŚşŗǯǼ Belarus BLR Belarusian Ruble r 2013 2014 r 637tr 820tr US$ 71.7bn 77.2bn US$ 7,577 8,195 Growth % 0.9 0.9 Inflation % 18.3 18.6 r ε6.05tr ¢ȱȱȱě GDP EQUIPMENT BY TYPE APC (W)ȱŝȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŞŖȱ per capita DEPLOYMENT Legal provisions for foreign deployment: Constitution:ȱęȱȱǻŗşşśǼ Decision on deployment of troops abroad:ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱǻǯȱŗŖşǰȱǯȱŘŞǼ AFGHANISTAN NATO ȊȱȱşŚ FOREIGN FORCES ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱ Bulgaria ȱŗ Czech Republic ȱŗ Poland ȱŗ Sweden ȱŗ Ukraine ȱŗ TERRITORY WHERE THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT EXERCISE EFFECTIVE CONTROL ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŗşŞŞǰȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ £ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĚȱǯȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱŗşşŚǯȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ£ǯȱȱŗşşŚǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱȁȱ Ȃǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǯȱ £ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȱǰȱMedvedev momentum falters in NagornoKarabakhǰȱȱŘŖŗŗǯǼ Def exp US$ Population ε681m 8,879.99 US$1=r 2015 Russia and Eurasia Coast Guard 177 10,630.36 9,608,058 Age 0 – 14 Male 7.9% 2.5% 3.4% 4.3% 23.9% 4.5% Female 7.5% 2.4% 3.3% 4.1% 26.5% 9.7% 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Capabilities ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŜǰȱȱȬŘŝȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱǯȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȬŘŝȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ śȱ £ȱ ǰȱ Ȭȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬřŖŖȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ ACTIVE 48,000 (Army 16,500 Air 15,000 Special Operations Forces 6,000 Joint 10,500) Paramilitary 110,000 RESERVE 289,500 (Joint 289,500 with mil service within last 5 years) ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 16,500 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 178 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND Řȱȱ ȱǻȱǭȱȱǼ MANOEUVRE Mechanised Řȱȱ ŘȱȱǻȬǼ COMBAT SUPPORT Řȱ¢ȱ Řȱȱ Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱśŗśDZȱŚŚŜȱȬŝŘDzȱŜşȱȬŞŖ AIFVȱŗǰŖŗŗDZ ŞŝśȱȬŘDzȱŗřŜȱȬŗȱ APC • APC (T)ȱśŖȱȬȱ ARTYȱşśŝ SPȱŚřŚDZ 122mmȱŗşŞȱŘŗDz 152mmȱŘřŜDZȱŗŖŞȱŘřDzȱŗŗŜȱŘśDz ŗŘȱ ŘŗşȱFarm TOWED 152mmȱŗŞŖDZȱŚŞȱŘřŜDzȱŗřŘȱŘŜśȱ GUN/MOR 120mmȱŚŞȱŘşȱȱ MRLȱŘřŚDZ 122mmȱŗŘŜȱȬŘŗDz 220mmȱŝŘȱşŗŚŖȱUraganDz 300mmȱřŜȱşśŘȱSmerch MOR 120mmȱŜŗȱŘŗŘȱ AT • MSL SP ŘřŜDZȱŗŘŜȱşŗŚŞȱKonkursDzȱŗŗŖȱşŗŚşȱShturm MANPATS şŗŗŗȱ Fagotȱ ǻȬŚȱ SpigotǼDzȱ şŗŗřȱ Konkurs ǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗŚȱShturmȱǻȬŜȱSpiralǼDzȱşŗŗśȱMetis ǻȬŝȱSaxhornǼ RADAR • LANDȱ Ȭŗřȱ Long EyeȦȬŗȱ Long TroughȦ ȬŘȦȬŜȱPork Troughȱǻ¢ǼDzȱȱSmall Fred/Small YawnȦ ȬŗŖȱBig Fredȱǻǰȱ¢Ǽ MSL • TACTICAL • SSMȱşŜDZȱřŜȱȦşŝşȱTochka ǻȬ ŘŗȱScarabǼDzȱŜŖȱScud AEVȱȬ VLBȱȱ ȱǼDzȱMediumȱřȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱLightȱŞDZȱŗȱȬŘŚȱCokeDzȱŜȱ ȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRGȱȱȬřşȱAlbatros HELICOPTERS ATKȱŚşȱȬŘŚȱHind ISRȱŘŖDZȱŞȱȬŘŚȱHind ŘDzȱŗŘȱȬŘŚȱHind ŗ TPTȱŗŜŞDZȱHeavyȱŚřDZȱŘşȱȬŜȱHookDzȱŗŚȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱ MediumȱŗŘśȱȬŞȱHip MSL ASMȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱKarenǼDzȱȬŘşȱǻȬŗŚȱKedgeǼ ARM ȬśŞȱǻȬŗŗȱKilterǼȱ AAM • IRȱȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱAphidǼDzȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱArcherǼȱ SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖ Alamo Ǽ Air Defence ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱGammonǼ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱGammonǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ GrumbleǼ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦȬŗŘȱGiantǼ ŗȱȱ ȱşřŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱşřŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ǼDzȱşřřŘȱTorȬŘȱ ǻȬŗśȱGauntletǼ Řȱȱ ȱşřřȱOsa ǻȬŞȱGeckoǼ Řȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱGammonǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AD • SAM SPȱşřŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ǼDzȱȬřŖŖǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦ ȬŗŘȱGiantǼDzȱşřśȱStrelaȬŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱGopherǼDzȱşřřȱOsa ǻȬŞȱGeckoǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDzȱŗŘȱşřřŘȱTorŘȱǻȬŗśȱGauntletǼ TOWEDȱȬŗŘśȱPechoraȱǻȬřȱGoaǼ STATICȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱGammonǼ Air Force and Air Defence Forces 15,000 Special Operations Forces 6,000 ¢ȱȱ ŗśȱȦ¢ FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ MANOEUVRE Mechanised ŘȱǻǼȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER Řȱȱ ȱȬŘşȦȱFulcrum GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȱFrogfoot Ȧ TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŚȱCokeDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŝŜȱ CandidDzȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRAINING ȱȱ ȱȬřşȱAlbatros ATTACK HELICOPTER ȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ȱǻȱǼȱȱ ȱȬŜȱHookDzȱȬŞȱHipDzȱȬŘŚȱ HindȱŘDzȱȬŘŚȱHindȱŗDzȱȬŘŜȱHalo EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŝŘȱȱȱ FTR řŞȱȬŘşȦȱFulcrum FGA ǻŘŗȱȬŘŝȦȱFlanker ȦȱȬǼ ATK řŚȱȬŘśȦȱFrogfoot Ȧ TPTȱŗřDZȱHeavyȱŘȱȬŝŜȱCandidȱǻƸşȱȱȬŝŜȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE APC • APC (W)ȱŗşŘDZȱřşȱȬŝŖDzȱŗśřȱȬŞŖ ARTY • TOWED 122mmȱŚŞȱȬřŖ AT • MSL • MANPATS şŗŗŗȱFagotȱǻȬŚȱSpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱ KonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗŚȱShturmȱǻȬŜȱSpiralǼDzȱşŗŗśȱ MetisȱǻȬŝȱSaxhornǼ Joint 10,500 (Centrally controlled units and MoD staff ) FORCES BY ROLE COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ Řȱȱ Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ŗȱȱȱ Řȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE APC • APC (T)ȱŘŖȱȬȱ ARTYȱŗşŜ SP 152mmȱŝŖȱŘś TOWED 152mmȱşŖȱŘŜśȱ 300mmȱřŜȱşśŘȱSmerch MSL • TACTICAL • SSMȱşŜDZȱřŜȱȦşŝşȱTochka ǻȬ ŘŗȱScarabǼDzȱŜŖȱScud Paramilitary 110,000 Border Guards 12,000 ¢ȱȱ Militia 87,000 ¢ȱȱ Ministry of Interior Troops 11,000 ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ Ȭ ȱȱȬȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȬŝŘȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Spyderȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǯȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŘȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢Ȭȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȮȱȱȬ ȱȬĴȱǰȱȬȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱǯ ACTIVE 20,650 (Army 17,750 Air 1,300 National DEPLOYMENT Guard 1,600) Paramilitary 11,700 Conscript liabilityȱŗŞȱ LEBANON UN ȊȱȱŘ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE SOUTH SUDAN UN ȊȱȱŚȱ Army 14,000; 3,750 conscript (total 17,750) UKRAINE OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ FOREIGN FORCES RussiaȱŗȱȱĚȱ ȱśȱȬŘŝȱFlankerDzȱŗȱȬśŖȱMainstayDzȱŚȱ ȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼ Georgia GEO Georgian Lari 2013 GDP 2014 lari 26.8bn 29.2bn US$ 16.1bn 16.1bn 3,607 US$ 3,597 Growth % 3.2 5.0 Inflation % -0.5 4.6 Def bdgt lari 660m 711m US$ 397m 393m FMA (US) US$ 14m 12m 1.66 1.81 per capita US$1=lari 2015 750m 10m 4,935,880 Population 179 Age 0 – 14 Male 9.3% 3.2% 4.1% 4.0% 21.2% 6.0% Female 8.3% 2.8% 3.9% 4.0% 23.8% 9.3% 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Capabilities Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ MANOEUVRE Light śȱȱ Amphibious ŘȱȱȱǻŗȱǼ COMBAT SUPPORT Řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱŗŘřDZȱŘřȱȬśśDzȱŗŖŖȱȬŝŘ RECCE ŚƸȱDidgoriȬŘ AIFVȱŝŘDZ ŘśȱȬŗDzȱŚŜȱȬŘDzȱŗȱȬŗ APCȱŗşşƸ APC (T)ȱŜşƸDZȱřƸȱLazikaDzȱŜŜȱȬ APC (W)ȱŗŘŖƸDZȱŘśȱȬŝŖDzȱŗşȱȬŞŖDzȱŞƸȱDidgoriȬŗDzȱřƸȱ DidgoriȬřDzȱŜśȱEjder PPVȱŗŖ Cougar ARTYȱŘŚŖ SPȱŜŝ 152mmȱŜŜDZȱřŘȱDzȱŘŖȱŘŗDzȱŗřȱŘřDzȱŗȱŘŗşDzȱ 203mmȱŗȱŘŝȱ TOWEDȱŝŗDZ 122mmȱśŞȱȬřŖDzȱ152mmȱŗřDZȱřȱŘřŜDzȱŗŖȱ ŘŜśȱ MRL 122mmȱřŝDZȱŗřȱȬŘŗDzȱŜȱDzȱŗŞȱȬŝŖȱ MOR 120mmȱŜśDZȱŗŚȱŘŗŘDzȱřřȱȬŝśDzȱŗŞȱŗŘŖ Russia and Eurasia Russia and Eurasia 180 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ATȱΉśŖ MSLȱΉŗŖ GUNSȱΉŚŖȱ AD • SAM • SP şřśȱStrelaȬŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱGopherǼDzȱSpyder MANPAD Grom;ȱşřŘȱStrelaȬŘ ǻȬŝ GrailǼȖDzȱşřŜȱ StrelaȬřȱǻȬŗŚ GremlinǼDzȱşřŗŖȱIglaȬŗȱǻȬŗŜȱGimletǼ Air Force 1,300 (incl 300 conscript) Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŗŘȱȱ ATKȱŗŘDZȱřȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱŝȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot DzȱŘȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot B TPT • LightȱşDZȱŜȱȬŘȱColtDzȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱCrustyȱǻǼDzȱŘȱ ȬŚŖȱCodling TRGȱşȱȬŘşȱę HELICOPTERS ATK ŜȱȬŘŚȱHind TPTȱŘşȱMediumȱŗŝȱȬŞȱHipDz LightȱŗŘȱȱŘŖśȱǻ Ȭ ŗ ȱIroquoisǼ UAV • ISR • Medium ŗƸ HermesȱŚśŖ AD • SAMȱŗȮŘȱȱşřŝȱBukȬŗȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ǼǰȱŞȱşřřȱ OsaȬȱǻȬŞȱGeckoǼȱǻ ȱ¢ǼǰȱŜȬŗŖȱşřřȱOsaȬȱ ȱȱ¢ǯ National Guard 1,600 active reservists opcon Army FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Light ŗȱȱ Paramilitary 11,700 Border Guard 5,400 Coast Guard ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱŘŖŖşȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŘŗ PBF ŜDZȱŚȱȱŚřDzȱŗȱKaan 33; ŗȱKaan 20 PBȱŗśDZȱŗȱAkhmetaDzȱŘȱDauntlessDzȱŘȱDilos ǻ¡ȬǼDzȱŗȱ Kutaisi ǻ¡ȬȱȱŘśǼDzȱŘȱPointDzȱŝȱZhuk ǻřȱ¡ȬǼ ǻȱȱŘŖȱȱȱȱȱǼȱ AMPHIBIOUS • LANDING CRAFT • LCU ŗȱVydra ǻ¡ȬǼ LOGISTIC AND SUPPORT • YTL ŗȱ Ministry of Interior Troops 6,300 DEPLOYMENT Legal provisions for foreign deployment of armed forces: Constitution:ȱęȱȱǻŗşşśǼ Decision on deployment of troops abroad:ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱǻǯȱŗŖŖǼ AFGHANISTAN NATO ȊȱȱŝśśDzȱŗȱȱȱ CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLCI NATO ȊȱȱŗŚŖDzȱŗȱȱ¢ SERBIA OSCE ȊȱȱŚ UKRAINE OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ TERRITORY WHERE THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT EXERCISE EFFECTIVE CONTROL ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŖŞȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯ FOREIGN FORCES RussiaȱŝǰŖŖŖDzȱŗȱȱȱȱȱǻ£Ǽȱ ȱǻŗȱ ȱDzȱŚŖȱȬşŖDzȱŗŘŖȱȬŞŘDzȱŗŞȱŘřDzȱŗŘȱŘŗŘDzȱŗŞȱȬ ŘŗDzȱȱȬřŖŖȱDzȱȱȱǼDzȱŗȱȱȱȱȦ ȱǻǯȱǼȱ ȱǻŗȱȱDzȱŚŖȱȬŝŘDzȱŗŘŖȱȬ ŘDzȱřŜȱŘřDzȱŗŘȱŘŗŘǼ Kazakhstan KAZ Kazakhstani Tenge t t GDP 2013 2014 35.3tr 40.3tr US$ 232bn 226bn US$ 13,509 12,950 Growth % 6.0 4.6 per capita Inflation % 5.8 6.9 Def bdgt t 348bn 363bn US$ 2.29bn 2.03bn FMA (US) US$ 1.8m 1.5m 152.13 178.68 US$1=t Population 2015 377bn 0.8m 17,948,816 Ethnic groups: Kazakh 51%; Russian 32%; Ukrainian 5% ; German 2% ; Tatar 2% ; Uzbek 13% Age 0 – 14 Male 12.5% 3.7% 4.5% 4.7% 20.1% 2.4% Female 12.6% 3.5% 4.4% 4.7% 22.4% 4.6% 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Capabilities £ȂȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŗȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȬřŖŖȱȬȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱȱ ȱęǯȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢Ȭ ȱȱȬȱę¡Ȭ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŘşśǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱĴȱȱȱǯ ACTIVE 39,000 (Army 20,000 Navy 3,000 Air 12,000 MoD 4,000) Paramilitary 31,500 Conscript liabilityȱŗŘȱ 181 MSL • SSMȱŗŘȱşŝşȱTochka ǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ AEVȱȬ Navy 3,000 PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ŗŝ PCG ŗȱKazakhstan Řȱȱȱ ȱřŚŘŚȱUran ǻȬȬŘśȱSwitchbladeǼȱǰȱŗȱGhibkaȱȱ ȱȬȬ ŗŖȱGimlet ȱ PBF śDZȱřȱSea Dolphin; ŘȱSaygak; PB ŗśDZȱŚȱAlmatyDzȱřȱArchangel; ŗ DauntlessDzȱŚȱSardarDzȱŗ Turk ǻȱŘśǼDzȱŘ Zhuk ǻȱ ȱŗȱ¢ȱȱǼ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT • AGS ŗȱZhaik Coastal Defence MANOEUVRE Other ŗȱȱȱ Air Force 12,000 (incl Air Defence) ¢ȱ ŗŖŖȱȦ¢ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 20,000 ŚȱȱDZȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ Mechanised Śȱȱ Air Manoeuvre Śȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ řȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱřŖŖȱȬŝŘ RECCEȱŗŖŖDZȱŚŖȱDzȱŜŖȱ AIFV ŜśŘDZ śŖŖȱȬŘDzȱŗŖŝȱȬŞŖDzȱŚřȱȬŞŘDzȱŘȱȬ ř APC řśŝ APC (T) ŗśŖȱȬȱ APC (W)ȱŘŖŝDZȱŗşŖȱȬŞŖDzȱŗŝȱCobra ARTYȱŜŖŘ SPȱŘŚŜDZ 122mmȱŗŘŜDZȱŗŘŖȱŘŗDzȱŜȱSemserDzȱ152mmȱŗŘŖȱŘřȱ TOWEDȱŗśŖDZ 122mmȱŗŖŖȱȬřŖDz 152mmȱśŖȱŘŜśDzȱ (122mmȱȱȱřŖŖȱȬřŖȱȱǼ GUN/MOR 120mmȱŘśȱŘşȱAnona MRLȱŗŗŞDZ 122mmȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŗȱGradDz 300mmȱŗŞȱLynx ǻ ȱśŖȱǼDzȱǻ122mmȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŗȱGradDzȱ220mmȱŗŞŖȱ şŗŚŖȱUragan ȱȱǼȱ MORȱŜřȱSP 120mmȱŗŞȱȱ120mmȱŚśȱŘŗŗȦŗŘŖȱ AT MSL SPȱřȱȬ MANPATSȱşŗŗŗ Fagot ǻȬŚ SpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱKonkurs ǻȬś SpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗśȱMetis ǻȬŜ SpiralǼȱ GUNS 100mmȱŜŞȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȦȬŘşȱFulcrum Řȱȱ ȱȬřŗȦȬřŗȱFoxhound FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱFlogger DzȱȬŘřȱFlogger C Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱFlanker GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗřŚȱCrustyDzȱȬŗśŚȱCareless, ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubǰȱȬŘŜȱCurl, ȬřŖȱClankǰȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler TRAINING ŗȱȱ ȱȬřşȱAlbatros ATTACK HELICOPTER śȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ȱȱ ȱȱŘŖśȱǻ Ȭŗ ǼDzȱŗŚśDzȱȬŞȱHip;ȱȬ ŗŝȬśȱHipDzȱȬŘŜȱHalo AIR DEFENCE ȱȱ ȱȬŝśȱVolkhovȱǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼDzȱȬŗŘśȱ NevaȱǻȬřȱGoaǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDzȱŘŗŗȱKrug ǻȬŚȱGanefǼDzȱȬŘŖŖȱAngara ǻȬśȱGammonǼDzȱŘŗŘȱKub ǻȬŜȱGainfulǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŗŘŘȱȱ FTRȱśśDZȱŗŘȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŘȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŚŗȱ ȬřŗȦȬřŗȱFoxhound FGA śřDZȱŘŚȱȬŘŝȱFloggerȱDzȱŚȱȬŘř Flogger DzȱŘŗȱ ȬŘŝȱFlanker;ȱŚȱȬŘŝȱFlanker ATK ŗŚDZȱŗŘȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot;ȱŘȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ISRȱŗȱȬřŖ Clank TPTȱŗśDZȱMediumȱŘȱȬŗŘȱCubDZȱLight ŗŘDzȱŜȱȬŘŜȱCurl, 2 ȬŝŘȱCoalerDzȱŘȱȬŘşśDzȱŘȱȬŗřŚȱCrustyDzȱPAXȱŗȱȬŗśŚȱ Careless TRGȱŗŝȱȬřşȱAlbatros HELICOPTERS ATK ŚŖƸȱȬŘŚȱHindȱǻęȱşȱǼ MRH ŘŖȱȬŗŝȬś Hip Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 182 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 TPTȱŜŚDZȱHeavy ŘȱȬŘŜȱHaloDz MediumȱśŖȱȬŞȱHipDzȱ Light ŗŘDZ ŜȱȬŘŖśȱǻ Ȭŗ ǼDzȱŜȱŗŚś AD • SAMȱŗŚŝƸȱ SPȱŚŝƸDZȱŘŖȱŘŗŘȱKubȱǻȬŜȱGainful)DzȱŘŝƸȱŘŗŗ Krug ǻȬŚ Ganef)ȦȬŘŖŖȱAngaraȱǻȬśȱGammonǼDzȱDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ GrumbleǼ TOWEDȱŗŖŖȱȬŝś Volkhov ǻȬŘ GuidelineǼDz ȬŗŘś Neva ǻȬřȱGoaǼ MSL ASMȱȬŘřȱǻȬŝȱKerryǼȖDzȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱKarenǼDzȱȬŘşȱ ǻȬŗŚȱKedgeǼ ARMȱȬŘŞȱǻȬşȱKyleǼDzȱȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŘȱKeglerǼDzȱȬśŞȱ ǻȬŗŗȱKilterǼ AAM • IR ȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱAphidǼDzȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱArcherǼDzȱIR/ SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱAlamoǼDzȱSARH ȬřřȱǻȬşȱAmosǼDzȱ ARH Ȭŝŝ (ȬŗŘȱAdderȱȮȱȱȬřŗǼ Paramilitary 31,500 Government Guard 500 Internal Security Troops ε20,000 Capabilities ¢¢£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗřǰȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬǰȱ ěȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȁȱ Ȃǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱǰȱ¢¢£ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŖřǰȱȱȱ¢ȱŘŖŗŚȱȱȱȱȱȱȬŘśȱFrogfootȱȬ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢¢£ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǯ ACTIVE 10,900 (Army 8,500 Air 2,400) Paramilitary ¢ȱȱ 9,500 Presidential Guard 2,000 Conscript liabilityȱŗŞȱ State Border Protection Forces ε9,000 ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE ¢ȱȱȱ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS HEL • TPT • MediumȱŗȱȬŗŝŗ Army 8,500 DEPLOYMENT WESTERN SAHARA UN ȊȱȱŘȱ Kyrgyzstan KGZ Kyrgyzstani Som s GDP 2013 2014 s 350bn 391bn US$ 7.23bn 7.65bn US$ 1,280 1,342 Growth % 10.5 4.1 Inflation % 6.6 8.0 s 4.91bn 4.87bn US$ 101m 95m US$ 1.5m 1.5m 48.45 51.16 per capita Def bdgt [a] FMA (US) US$1=s 2015 [a] Expenses on Ministry of Defence & Ministry of Interior. 5,604,212 Population Ethnic groups: Kyrgyz 56%; Russian 17%; Uzbek 13%; Ukrainian 3% Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 Male 15.2% 4.7% 5.2% 4.8% 17.3% 1.9% Female 14.5% 4.5% 5.1% 4.7% 19.1% 3.0% 30–64 65 plus FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ MANOEUVRE Mechanised Řȱȱ ŗȱǻǼȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱŗśŖȱȬŝŘȱ RECCEȱřŖȱȬŘȱ AIFVȱřŘŖDZȱŘřŖȱȬŗDzȱşŖȱȬŘȱ APC (W)ȱřśDZȱŘśȱȬŝŖDzȱŗŖȱȬŞŖȱ ARTYȱŘŚŜȱ SP 122mmȱŗŞȱŘŗȱ TOWEDȱŗŚŗDZ 100mmȱŗŞȱȬŗşŚŚDz 122mmȱŗŖŝDZȱŝŘȱȬřŖDzȱřśȱ ȬřŖȱǻȬŗşřŞǼDz 152mmȱŗŜȱȬŗȱ GUN/MOR 120mmȱŗŘȱŘşȱAnona MRLȱŘŗDZȱ122mmȱŗśȱȬŘŗDzȱ220mmȱŜȱşŗŚŖȱUragan MOR 120mmȱśŚDZȱŜȱŘŗŘDzȱŚŞȱȬŗŘŖȱ AT • MSL • MANPATSȱşŗŗȱǻȬř SaggerǼDzȱşŗŗŗȱǻȬŚ SpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱǻȬś SpandrelǼȱ RCL 73mmȱȬşȱ GUNS 100mmȱŗŞȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ AD • SAM • MANPADȱşřŘȱStrela-ŘȱǻȬŝȱGrailǼȖȱ GUNSȱŚŞ SP 23mmȱŘŚȱȬŘřȬŚ TOWED 57mmȱŘŚȱȬŜŖȱ Russia and Eurasia FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬřşȱAlbatros* FIGHTER/TRANSPORT ŗȱǻȱǼȱȱ ȱȬŘŗȱFishbedDzȱȬŘȱColtDzȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHindDzȱȬŞȱHip AIR DEFENCE ȱȱ ȱȬŗŘśȱPechora ǻȬřȱGoaǼDzȱȬŝśȱDvina ǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱřřȱȱ FGAȱŘşȱȬŘŗȱFishbed TPT • LightȱŜDZȱŚȱȬŘȱColtDzȱŘȱȬŘŜȱCurl TRGȱŚȱȬřşȱAlbatros* HELICOPTERS ATKȱŘȱȬŘŚȱHind TPT • MediumȱŞȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAM SPȱŘŗŗȱKrugȱǻȬŚȱGanefǼȱ TOWEDȱȬŝśȱDvinaȱǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼDzȱȬŗŘśȱPechoraȱǻȬ řȱGoaǼ Paramilitary 9,500 Border Guards 5,000 (KGZ conscript, RUS officers) Interior Troops 3,500 National Guard 1,000 DEPLOYMENT LIBERIA UN Ȋȱȱřȱ MOLDOVA OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ SERBIA Moldova MDA Moldovan Leu L 2013 2014 L 100bn 108bn US$ 7.97bn 7.74bn GDP US$ 2,239 2,176 Growth % 8.9 1.8 Inflation % 4.6 5.1 Def exp L 303m per capita US$ 24m L 304m Def bdgt [a] FMA (US) 355m US$ 24m 25m US$ 1.25m 1.25m US$1=L 12.59 2015 403m 1.25m 13.95 [a] Excludes military pensions Population 3,583,288 Age 0 – 14 Male 9.1% 3.3% 4.1% 4.7% 23.2% 4.2% Female 8.6% 3.1% 3.8% 4.4% 24.6% 6.9% 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Capabilities ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ǯȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŗȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȂȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ ACTIVE 5,350 (Army 3,250 Air 800 Logistic Support 1,300) Paramilitary 2,400 SOUTH SUDAN RESERVE 58,000 (Joint 58,000) UN ȊȱȱŘȱ SUDAN UN ȊȱȱŘȱ UN Ȋȱȱŗȱ UKRAINE OSCE ȊȱȱŚ FOREIGN FORCES Russia ΉśŖŖȱ¢ȱȱDZȱśȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱŘȱȬŞȱHip ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 1,300; 1,950 conscript (total 3,250) FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ MANOEUVRE Light řȱȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Air Force 2,400 183 184 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Other ŗȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ¢ ŗȱȱ¢ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE RECCEȱśȱȬŘ AIFVȱŚŚȱȬŗȱ APCȱŗśŝȱ APC (T)ȱŜŘDZȱşȱȬDzȱśřȱȬȱȱ APC (W)ȱşśDZ ŗŗȱȬŞŖDzȱŞŚȱȬŝŗ ARTYȱŗŚŞȱ TOWEDȱŜşDZȱ122mmȱŗŝȱǻȬřŖǼȱM-1938Dzȱ152mmȱśŘDZȱŘŗȱ ŘřŜDzȱřŗȱȬŘŖȱ GUN/MOR • SP 120mmȱşȱŘşȱAnona MRL 220mmȱŗŗȱşŗŚŖȱUragan MORȱśşDZȱ82mmȱśŘDz 120mmȱŝȱȬŗŘŖȱ AT MSL • MANPATSȱşŗŗŗȱFagotȱǻȬŚȱSpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱ KonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗŚȱShturmȱǻȬŜȱSpiralǼ RCL 73mmȱȬşȱ GUNS 100mmȱřŜȱȬŗŘȱ AD • GUNS • TOWEDȱřşDZ 23mm ŘŞȱȬŘřDzȱ57mmȱŗŗȱ ȬŜŖȱ RADAR • LANDȱŚDZȱŘȱȬŗDzȱŘȱȬŗŖ Air Force 800 (incl 250 conscripts) FORCES BY ROLE TRANSPORT Řȱȱ ȱȬŘȱColtDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŝŘȱCoalerDzȱȬŞȱ HipDzȱȬŗŞ AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘśȱNevaȱǻȬřȱGoaǼ LIBERIA UN ȊȱȱŘȱ SERBIA NATO ȊȱȱŚŗ SOUTH SUDAN UN Ȋȱȱŗ UKRAINE OSCE Ȋȱȱş FOREIGN FORCES Czech Republic ȱŗ Estonia ȱŗ France ȱŗ Germany ȱŗ Kyrgyzstan ȱŗ Poland ȱŗ Russia ΉŗǰśŖŖȱǻȱřśŖȱǼȱ¢ȱȱ ȱŝȱȬŘŚȱHindȦȬŞȱHip Spain ȱŗ Swedenȱȱŗ ĵȱȱŗ Ukraine ŗŖȱȱȱǻȱȱǼ United Kingdom ȱŗ United States ȱř Russia RUS Russian Rouble r Legal provisions for foreign deployment: Constitution:ȱęȱȱǻŗşşŚǼ Decision on deployment of troops abroad:ȱ¢ȱȱȱǻǯȱŜŜǼ CÔTE D’IVOIRE UN ȊȱȱŚȱȱ 72.7tr 2.1tr 2.06tr 3.5tr 3.6tr 14,591 14,317 Growth % 1.3 0.2 Inflation % 6.8 7.4 Def bdgt r 2.1tr 2.47tr [a] PPP estimate DEPLOYMENT 66.8tr US$ Paramilitary 2,400 OPON 900 (riot police) r US$ [a] US$1=r ¢ȱȱ 2014 US$ GDP EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT TPT • LightȱŜDZȱŘȱȬŘȱColtDzȱŗȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŘȱȬŝŘȱCoaler ŗȱȬŗŞ HELICOPTERS MRHȱŚȱȬŗŝȬŗȱHip H TPT • MediumȱŘȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAMȱřȱȬŗŘśȱNevaȱǻȬřȱGoaǼȱȱ ¢ȱȱ 2013 per capita Population US$ 66.1bn 70bn US$ [a] 110bn 121bn MER 31.84 35.33 PPP 19.12 20.42 2015 3.29tr 142,470,272 Ethnic groups: Tatar 4%; Ukrainian 3%; Chuvash 1%; Bashkir 1%; Belarussian 1%; Moldovan 1%; Other 8% Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 Male 8.2% 2.4% 3.5% 4.4% 23.7% 4.0% Female 7.8% 2.3% 3.3% 4.4% 26.8% 9.1% 30–64 65 plus Capabilities ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ The Military Balance ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚǯȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱTigr Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȬ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĚȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱDzȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȬȬȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȬ ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱĜǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȁ¢ȱ Ȃǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ ŚŖǰŖŖŖȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȁȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱǻȱǯȱŗśşȮŜŝǯǼ ACTIVE 771,000 (Army 230,000 Navy 130,000 Air 148,000 Strategic Deterrent Forces 80,000 Airborne 32,000 Special Operations Forces 1,000 Command and Support 150,000) Paramilitary 489,000 Conscript liabilityȱŗŘȱǯȱ RESERVE 2,000,000 (all arms) ȱ ŘǰŖŖŖǰŖŖŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ śȱ ¢Dzȱ ȱ ȱȱȱśŖǯ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Strategic Deterrent Forces ε80,000 (incl personnel assigned from the Navy and Air Force) Navy EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SUBMARINES • STRATEGIC • SSBNȱŗŘDZ řȱKalmar (DeltaȱǼȱ ȱŗŜȱȬśŖȱǻȬȬŗŞȱStingrayǼ ȱ Ŝȱ ę (Deltaȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ŗŜȱ ȬŘşȱ Sinevaȱ ǻȬȬŘřȱ ěǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱęDzȱ¡ȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǼ ŗȱ Akula (TyphoonǼȕȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŘŖȱ Bulava ǻȬȬȬřŘǼ ȱȱǻȦǼ ŘȱBoreyȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŗŜȱBulavaȱǻȬȬȬřŘǼȱȱ ǻȱȱ¢ȱǼǰȱǻŗȱȱȱ ȱ ¡ȱȱŘŖŗŚȦŗśǼ Strategic Rocket Force Troops řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŘȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŗŖȱ ȱ ǻŜȱ ȱ ȬŘŖȦȬŗŞǼǰȱ ȱ şȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MSL • STRATEGICȱřŝŞ 185 ICBMȱ řŝŞDZȱ śŚȱ ȬŘŖȱ ǻȬŗŞȱ SatanǼȱ ǻ¢ȱ ȱ śǰȱ ŗŖȱ ȱ ȱ ǼDzȱ ŗŜŖȱ ȬŗŘȱ ǻȬŘśȱ SickleǼȱ ǻȱ ȱ ǼDzȱŚŖȱȬŗŞȱǻȬŗşȱĴǼȱǻ¢ȱȱ řǰȱ Ŝȱ ȱ ȱ ǯǼDzȱ ŜŖȱ ȬŗŘŘȱ TopolȬȱ ǻȬŘŝŗǼȱ Ȭȱǻȱ ǼDzȱŗŞȱȬŗŘŘȱTopolȬȱǻȬ ŘŝŗǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ǼDzȱ ŚŘȱ ȬŘŚȱ Yars ǻȬŘŝŘDzȱΉřȱȱȱǼDzȱŚȱȬŘŚȱYarsȱǻȬŘŝŘDzȱΉřȱ ȱȱǼȱȬ Long-Range Aviation Command FORCES BY ROLE BOMBER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŜŖȱBlackjack řȱȱ ȱȬşśȱBear EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT BBRȱ ŝŞDZȱ ŗŜȱ ȬŗŜŖȱ Blackjackȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŘȱ Ȭ śśȱ ȱ ǻȬŗśȦȱ KentǼȱ ȱDzȱ řŗȱ ȬşśŜȱ (Bearȱ ȬŜǼȱȱ ȱȱȱŜȱȬśśȦȱǻȬŗśȦȱKentǼȱ ȱ Dzȱ řŗȱ ȬşśŗŜȱ ǻBearȱ ȬŗŜǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŗŜȱȬśśȱǻȬŗśȱKentǼȱȱDzȱǻȬŗŖŘȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬşśǼ Aerospace Defence Forces ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȦȬȱȱȱȱ Space Command EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SATELLITESȱŝŚ COMMUNICATIONSȱřśDZȱřȱȱGlobus (RadugaȬŗǼDzȱ ş StrelaDzȱŗşȱRodnik (GonetsȬǼDzȱŚȱMeridian NAVIGATION/POSITIONING/TIMINGȱřřȱ ELINT/SIGINT ŚDZȱŗȱKondorDzȱŗȱLiana (LotosȬǼDzȱŗ PersonaDzȱ ŗȱTselinaȬŘDzȱ EARLY WARNINGȱŘȱOko RADARȱ ŗŘDzȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ£Ǽǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǻȱ ǼDzȱ ǰȱ ǻǼDzȱ ǰȱ ǻǼDzȱ ǰȱ ǻǼDzȱ Dzȱ ǰȱ ǻǼDzȱ ¢ǰȱ ǻ¢ǼDzȱ ǰȱ ǻ¢¢ǼDzȱ ǰȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ Ȧ¢ȱ ǻ Ǽ Aerospace Defence Command FORCES BY ROLE AIR DEFENCE řȱȱȱ Şȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖȱ GargoyleǼ Śȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱGrowlerǼDzȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱǻȬ ŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AD • SAM • SPȱŘŘŘDZȱŗśŖȱȬřŖŖȦȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleȦ ȬŘŖȱ GargoyleǼDzȱ ŚŞȱ ȬŚŖŖȱ ǻȬŘŗ GrowlerǼDzȱ ŘŚȱ şŜŜȱ PantsirȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia 186 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 MISSILE DEFENCE ŜŞȱśřŜȱǻȬřȱGazelleǼ; ǻřŘȱśŗŜȱ ǻȬŚȱGorgonǼȱȱDzȱ¢ȱ¢Ǽ RADARȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ Ǽ Army ε230,000; (incl conscripts) Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȱDzȱŚȱ¢ȱȱǻȱ ǻ ȱȱǼǰȱȱǻ ȱǼǰȱȱǻ ȱ ȬȬǼȱ ǭȱ ȱ ǻ ȱ ǼǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱȱȱǯ FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND ŗŖȱ¢ȱ SPECIAL FORCES ŝȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ MANOEUVRE Reconnaissance ŗȱȱ Armoured ŗȱǻŚǼȱȱȱǻŘȱȱǰȱŗȱ¢ȱǼ řȱȱȱǻŗȱȱȱDzȱřȱȱDzȱŗȱȱDzȱŗȱ¢ȱDzȱ ŗȱȱDzȱŘȱȱDzȱŗȱȱDzȱŗȱȱ¢Dzȱŗȱȱ¢Ǽȱ Mechanised ŘȱǻŘȱǭȱŘŖŗǼȱȱȱǻŘȱȱǰȱŗȱ¢ȱǼ ŘŞȱȱȱǻŗȱȱDzȱŗȱȱDzȱřȱȱDzȱŘȱ¢ȱDzȱŗȱȱ DzȱŗȱȱDzȱŘȱȱDzȱŗȱȱDzȱŗȱȱ¢Dzȱŗȱȱ¢Ǽ ŘȱȱȱǻŚȯśȱȱDzȱŗȱ¢ȱDzȱŗȱȱDzȱŗȱȱǼ řȱǻȦǼȱȱȱǻŗȱȱDzȱŘȱȱDzȱŗȱ¢ȱǼ ŗȱ ǻŗŞǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŘȱ ȱ Dzȱ ŗȱ ¢ȱ Dzȱ ŗȱ ȱ Dzȱ Řȱ ȱǼȱ COMBAT SUPPORT Şȱ¢ȱ Śȱȱ ŗȱȱ Śȱȱȱ ȱşŝŘŖȱIskanderȬȱǻȬŘŜȱStoneǼ śȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ şŝşȱ Tochkaȱ ǻȬŘŗȱ Scarabȱ ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱIskanderȬǼ şȱȱ Śȱȱ ŗȱȱ śȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗŖȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBT ŘǰŜŖŖDZȱŗǰřŖŖȱȬŝŘȦDzȱŚŖŖȱȬŝŘřDzȱśśŖȱȬŞŖȦDzȱřśŖȱ ȬşŖȦȬşŖDzȱ ǻŗŝǰśŖŖȱ ȱ DZȱ ŘǰŞŖŖȱ ȬśśDzȱ ŘǰśŖŖȱ ȬŜŘDzȱ ŘǰŖŖŖȱ ȬŜŚȦDzȱŝǰŖŖŖȱȬŝŘȦȬŝŘȦDzȱřǰŖŖŖȱȬŞŖȦȦDz ŘŖŖȱȬşŖǼ RECCEȱ ŗǰŘŖŖƸDZȱ ŗŖŖƸȱ Dozorǰȱ ŗŖŖƸȱ Tigrǰȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȱ ȬŘȦŘDzȱ ǻŗǰŖŖŖƸȱȬŘȱȱǼ AIFVȱ śǰŗŘśƸDZȱ śŖŖȱ ȬŗDzȱ řǰŖŖŖȱ ȬŘDzȱ śŖŖƸȱ ȬřDzȱ ŝŖŖȱ ȬŗDzȱŘŝśȱȬŞŖȦŞŘDzȱŗśŖȱȬŞŘDzȱǻŞǰśŖŖȱȱDZȱ ŝǰŖŖŖȱȬŗDzȱŗǰśŖŖȱȬŘǼ APCȱŜǰŖŖŖƸȱ APC (T)ȱřǰśŖŖƸDZȱȱȬDzȱřǰśŖŖȱȬDzȱǻŘǰŖŖŖȱȬ ȱȱǼȱ APC (W)ȱ ŘǰśŖŖDZȱ ŞŖŖȱ ȬŜŖDzȱ ŘŖŖȱ ȬŝŖDzȱ ŗǰśŖŖȱ ȬŞŖDzȱ ǻŚǰŖŖŖȱȬŜŖȦŝŖȱȱǼ ARTYȱŚǰŗŞŖƸ SPȱŗǰśŖŖDZ 122mmȱŗśŖȱŘŗDz 152mm ŗǰřśŖDZȱŞŖŖȱŘřDzȱŗŖŖȱŘśDzȱ ŚśŖȱŘŗşDzȱǻŚǰřŖŖȱȱDZȱ122mmȱŘǰŖŖŖȱŘŗDz 152mmȱŗǰşśŖDZȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȱŘřDzȱŞśŖȱŘśDz ŗśŖȱŘŗşDzȱ203mmȱřŘŖȱŘŝǼ TOWEDȱŗśŖDZȱ152mm ŗśŖȱŘŜśDzȱǻŗŘǰŚŗśȱȱDZ 122mm ŞǰŗśŖDZȱŚǰŚŖŖȱȬřŖDzȱřǰŝśŖȱȬřŖȱǻȬŗşřŞǼDzȱ130mmȱŜśŖȱȬŚŜDz 152mmȱřǰśŝśDZȱŗǰŗŖŖȱŘřŜDzȱŜŖŖȱŘŜśDzȱŗǰŖŝśȱȬŘŖDzȱŝŖŖȱȬŗȱ ȬŗşŚřDzȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŖȱȬŗşřŝDzȱ203mmȱŚŖȱȬŚǼȱ GUN/MORȱŗŞŖƸ SP 120mmȱŞŖƸDZ řŖȱŘŘřȱȬDzȱśŖƸ ŘřŚ TOWED 120mmȱŗŖŖȱŘŗŜȱȬȱ MRLȱŞśŖƸȱ122mm śśŖȱȬŘŗDzȱ220mmȱŘŖŖȱşŗŚŖȱUraganDz ȱȬŗDzȱ300mmȱŗŖŖȱşśŘȱSmerch;ȱǻřǰŘŘŖȱȱDZȱ 122mm ŘǰŚŘŖDZȱŘǰŖŖŖȱȬŘŗDz ŚŘŖȱşŗřŞDzȱ132mm ŗŖŖȱȬ ŗřDzȱ220mmȱŝŖŖȱşŗŚŖȱUraganǼ MORȱŗǰśŖŖ SP (240mmȱŚřŖȱŘŚȱȱǼȱ TOWED ŗǰśŖŖDZ 82mm ŞŖŖȱ ŘŗŚDzȱ 120mmȱ ŝŖŖȱ ŘŗŘDzȱ ǻŘǰŘŖŖȱ ȱ DZȱ 120mmȱ ŗǰşŖŖDZȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȱ ŘŗŘDzȱ şŖŖȱ ȬřŞDz 160mmȱřŖŖȱȬŗŜŖǼ AT MSL SP Ȭȱ şŗŘŖȱ Atakaȱ ǻȬşȱ Spiral ŘǼDz şŗŚşȱ ȱşŗŗŚȱShturmȱǻȬŜȱSpiralǼDzȱşŗśŝȬŘȱ ȱşŗŘř KhrisantemaȱǻȬŗśȱSpringerǼ MANPATSȱ şŗŗŗȱ Fagotȱ ǻȬŚȱ SpigotǼDzȱ şŗŗŘ Kobra (ȬŞȱSongsterǼ;ȱşŗŗřȱKonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗŚȱ Shturmȱ ǻȬŜȱ SpiralǼDzȱ şŗŗśȱ Metisȱ ǻȬŝȱ SaxhornǼDzȱ şŗŗśȬŗȱ Metis- (Ȭŗřȱ Saxhornȱ ŘǼ;ȱ şŗŗŜȱ Bastion/ Basnyaȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ StabberǼ; şŗŗşȱ Ě¡Ȧȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ SniperǼ; şŗřśȱKornet (ȬŗŚȱSprigganǼ RCL 73mmȱȬşȱ RL 105mmȱȬŘş GUNS • TOWED 100mmȱ śŘŜȱ ȬŗŘDzȱ ǻ100mmȱ ŘǰŖŖŖȱ ȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱȱǼ AD SAMȱŗǰśŝŖƸ SPȱ ŗǰśŝŖƸDZȱ řśŖƸȱ şřŝȦşřŗŝȱ Bukȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ȦȬŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱ ŚŖŖȱ şřřřȱ OsaȬ (ȬŞȱ GeckoǼDzȱ ŚŖŖȱ şřśřȱStrelaȬŗŖ (ȬŗřȱGopherǼDzȱŗŘŖƸȱşřřŖȦşřřŗȱ Torȱ ǻȬŗśȱ GauntletǼDzȱ ŘśŖƸȱ ŘŘŘȱ Tunguska ǻȬŗş GrisonǼ MANPADȱşřŗŖȱIgla-ŗ (ȬŗŜȱGimletǼDzȱşřŞȱIglaȱǻȬ ŗŞȱGrouseǼDzȱşřřřȱVerbaDzȱşřřŞȱIglaȬȱǻȬŘŚȱGrinchǼDzȱ şřŚȱStrelaȬř (ȬŗŚȱGremlinǼ GUNS SP 23mmȱȬŘřȬŚ TOWED 23mmȱȬŘřȬŘDzȱ57mmȱȬŜŖ UAV • Heavy ȬŗŚřȱReysDzȱȬŘŚřȱReysȦȬŘŚřȱReys DzȱȬ řŖŖ Korshun LightȱȬŖŝDzȱPchelaȬŗDz PchelaȬŘ MSL • SRBMȱŗŘŖDZȱŝŖȱşŝşȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼDzȱśŖȱşŝŘŖȱ IskanderȬȱǻȬŘŜȱStoneǼDzȱǻȱScudȱȱǼ AEVȱȬŘDzȱDzȱȬŘDzȱDzȱȬ ARVȱȬŗDzȱȬŗȦŜŚȦȦDzȱȬśŖǻǼDzȱŗşŝŝDzȱȬ DzȱȬDzȱȬśŚȦśśDzȱȬŝŘ VLBȱDzȱȬśśDzȱDzȱȬŘŖDzȱȬŝŘDzȱȬŘ MWȱȬřDzȱȬřDzȱȬŘȱǻǼDzȱDzȱȬŘ Reserves ȱ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ Mechanised ŗřȱȱ Navy ε130,000; (incl conscripts) Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ŚȱȱĚȱȱǻȱǰȱęȱǰȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǼȱȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SUBMARINESȱśş STRATEGIC • SSBNȱŗŘDZ řȱ Kalmar (Deltaȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ŗŜȱ ȬŘşȱ Volna ǻȬȬŗŞȱ StingrayǼ ȱ Ŝȱȱę (Deltaȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ŗŜȱ ȬŘşȱ Sinevaȱ ǻȬȬŘřȱ ěǼȱȱȱǻŗȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȬŘŖŗŚȱ ȱǼȱ ŗȱAkula (TyphoonǼȕȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ŘŖȱ Bulavaȱ ǻȬȬȬřŘǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȦ Ǽ ŘȱBoreyȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŗŜȱBulavaȱǻȬȬȬřŘǼȱȱ ǻȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǼDzȱ ǻŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱŘŖŗŚȦŗśǼ TACTICALȱŚŝ SSGNȱşDZȱ Şȱ Antyey (Oscarȱ Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ řȱ ȱ ȦǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ŗŘȬȱ ȱ ȱ řŚśȱ Granitȱ ǻȬȬŗşȱ ShipwreckǼ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜśŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŜśȱ ǰȱŚȱȱśśřȱ ŗȱYasen (GraneyǼȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱřśśȱOnyx Dzȱ řŗŚȱ Kalibrȱ ǻȬȬřŖǼȱ Dzȱ Şȱ ȱ śřřȱ SSNȱŗŝDZȱ Řȱ Schuka-B (Akulaȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granatȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ SampsonǼȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ȱŜśŖȱȱ ȱȬŜśȱ Şȱ Schuka-B (Akulaȱ Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granatȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ SampsonǼ ǰȱ Śȱ ȱ ŜśŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŜśȱ ȱǻȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗŖȱ¢ȱ ȱŘŖŗŘǼ ŘȱȱKondor (Sierraȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granatȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ SampsonǼȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ȱŜśŖȱȱ ȱȬŜśȱ ȱ ŗȱBarracuda (SierraȱǼȱǻȱǼȱ ȱŚȱȱśřřȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granatȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ SampsonǼ ǰȱ ȬŘȱ ǻȬȬŗśȱ ęǼ Ȭśřȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ȱ ŜśŖȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŝȱ ǻȬȬŗŜȱ StallionǼ ȱȬŜśȱ Śȱ Schuka (Victorȱ Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granatȱ ǻȬȬ ŘŗȱSampsonǼȱǰȱŘȱȱŜśŖȱȱ ȱȬŜśȱ SSKȱŘŗDZȱ ŗśȱ Paltus (KiloǼȱ ȱ Ŝȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭśřȱ śȱ Varshavyanka (KiloǼ ȱ Ŝȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǻŘȱ ȱȱȱǼ ŗȱ Ladaȱ ǻȱ ęĴǼȱ ȱ Ŝȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǻŘȱ ȱȱȱǼ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTSȱřśȱ AIRCRAFT CARRIERS • CVȱ ŗȱ Orel (KuznetsovǼȱ ȱ ŗȱ ŗŘȬȱ ȱ ȱ řŚśȱ Granitȱ ǻȬȬŗşȱ ShipwreckǼȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ řşśȱ Kindzhalȱ ǻȬȬ şȱ GauntletǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŗŘŖŖŖȱ Udav ŗǰȱ Şȱ ȬȬŗȱ 187 Kortik ȱ ȱ řřŗŗȱ ǻȬȬŗŗȱ GrisonǼȱ ǰȱ Ŝȱ ŜřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗŞȬŘŚȱȬřřȱFlanker DȱȱDzȱ ŗśȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱ ǰȱŘȱȬřŗȱHelix Ǽ CRUISERSȱŜ CGHMNȱŘDZ ŘȱOrlan (KirovǼ ȱŗŖȱ ȱȱ ȱřŚśȱGranit ǻȬȬŗşȱ ShipwreckǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Osa-ȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŗŘȱȱȱ ȱ FortȦFortȱ ȱ ǻȬȬŜȱ GrumbleȦȬȬŘŖȱ GargoyleǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řşśȱ Kindzhalȱ ǻȬȬ şȱ GauntletǼȱ ǰȱ ŗŖȱ ȱ śřřȱǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ŗŘŖŖŖȱUdav ŗǰȱŘȱȱŗŖŖŖȱSmerch řǰȱŜȱȬȬŗȱ Kortik ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬȬŗŗȱGrisonǼȱǰȱŗȱ ȱŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱřȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱȱǼȱ ǻŗȱȬDzȱȱ¡ȱęȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŝǼ CGHMȱŚDZȱ ŗȱȱBerkot-B (KaraǼȕȱǻȱȱȱǼǰȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Rastrubȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ SilexǼȱ ȦǰȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱŚŜŖȱShtormȱǻȬ ȬřȱGobletǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱOsaȬȱǻȬȬ Śȱ GeckoǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŝŜȱ ȱ ǻ¢ȱ ŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱǼȱ řȱȱAtlant (SlavaǼȱ ȱŞȱ ȱȱ ȱVulkan ǻȬȬ ŗŘȱȱŘȱSandboxǼȱǰȱŞȱȱȱ ȱFortȦ FortȱȱǻȬȬŜȱGrumbleȦȬȬŘŖȱGargoyleǼȱǰȱ Řȱȱȱ ȱOsaȬȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱ śřřȱǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2ǰȱ Ŝȱ ŜśŖȱǰȱŗȱ ȱŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱȬ Řŝȱ Helixȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ǻŗȱ ¢ȱ ȬDzȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗśǼ DESTROYERSȱŗŞȱ DDGHMȱŗŝDZȱ ŞȱSarych (SovremennyǼȱǻȱ ȱřȱȱȕǼȱ ȱ Řȱȱȱ ȱřŞŖȱMoskitȱǻȬȬŘŘȱSunburnǼȱ ǰȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱřşŖȱUragan/şřŝȱYezh ǻȬȬŝȱ Ě¢ȦȬȬŗŘȱ GrizzlyǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŗŖŖŖȱSmerch 3ǰȱŚȱŜřŖȱǰȱ Řȱ ȱŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱȱ Ǽȱ Şȱ Fregat (Udaloy Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Rastrubȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ SilexǼȱ Ȧǰȱ Şȱ ȱ ȱ ȱřşśȱKindzhalȱǻȬȬşȱGauntletȱǼǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2ǰȱŚȱŜřŖȱ ǰȱŘȱŗŖŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŘȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱȱ Ǽ ŗȱȱFregat (Udaloyȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŞŖȱ MoskitȱǻȬȬŘŘȱSunburnǼȱǰȱŞȱȱȱ ȱ řşśȱKindzhalȱǻȬȬşȱGauntletǼȱǰȱŘȱȬȬŗȱ Kortik ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬȬŗŗȱGrisonǼȱǰȱŗŖȱ ȱ śřřȱǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŘȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱȱǼȱ DDGMȱŗDZ ŗȱ Komsomolets Ukrainy (Kashinȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uranȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ SwitchbladeǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Volnyaȱ ǻȬȬŗȱ GoaǼȱ ǰȱśȱȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2, ŗȱ ȱŝŜȱ Russia and Eurasia Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 188 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 FRIGATESȱŗŖ FFGHM ŜDZ ŘȱȱJastreb (NeustrashimyǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŘŚȱUranȱǻȬȬŘśȱSwitchbladeǼ ǰȱŚȱȱ ȱ ȱ řşśȱ Kindzhalȱ ǻȬȬşȱ GauntletǼȱ ǰȱ ŜȱȱśřřȱǰȱŗȱȱŗŘŖŖŖǰȱŘȱȬȬŗȱ Kortikȱ ȱ ȱ řřŗŗȱ ǻȬȬŗŗȱ GrisonǼȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŗŖŖȱ ȱ ǻ¢ȱ ŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ HelixȱǼȱ ǻřȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗşşŝDzȱ ȱǼ ŗȱ Steregushchiyȱ ǻȱ ŘŖřŞŖǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uranȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade) ǰȱ Řȱ ȱřŘŚȱǰȱŗȱȬȬŗȱKortikȱȱ ȱ řřŗŗȱ ǻȬȬŗŗȱ GrisonǼȱ ǰȱ ŘȱŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŗŖŖȱȱ řȱ Steregushchiy ǻȱ ŘŖřŞŗǼ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uranȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade) ǰȱ ŗȱ ŗŘȬȱȱ ȱřşŜȱRedut ǰȱŘȱȱřŘŚȱ ǰȱŗȱȬȬŗȱKortik ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬ ȬŗŗȱGrisonǼȱǰȱŘȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱȱ ǻŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱSteregushchiyȱǼ FFGM ŚDZȱ ŗȱȱGepardȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱřŘŚȱUranȱǻȬȬ Řśȱ SwitchbladeǼȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ OsaȬȱ ǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŘȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ ŗȱGepardȱ ȱŗȱŞȬȱȱ ȱřŗŚȱKaliber ǻȬȬ řŖǼȱǰȱŘȱȱȱ ȱřŘŚȱUranȱǻȬȬŘśȱ SwitchbladeǼȱǰȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱOsaȬȱǻȬ ȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŗȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ ŗȱȱBurevestnik (KrivakȱȱǼȕȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ Rastrubȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ SilexǼȱȦǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱOsaȬȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŘȱȱśřřȱ ǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2ǰȱŘȱ ȱŝŜȱ ŗȱ Burevestnikȱ ȱ ǻKrivakȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭřȱ Rastrubȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ SilexǼȱ Ȧǰȱ Řȱ ȱȱ ȱŗŖȱOsaȬȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoȱǼǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2ǰȱ Řȱ ŗŖŖȱ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŞŚȱ CORVETTES ŚŞ FSGMȱŗŝDZ Řȱ Grad Sviyazhsk (BuyanȬǼȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řśśȱ Onyxȱ Dzȱ řŗŚȱ Kalibrȱ ǻȬȬřŖǼȱ ǰȱŘȱ¡ȱȱ ȱřŚŝȱGibkaȱǻȬȬ ŗŖȱGrouseǼȱDzȱŗȱŜřŖȬŘȱǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱȱ ǻŜȱȱȱȱǼ Řȱ Sivuch (DergachǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŞŖȱ MoskitȱǻȬȬŘŘȱSunburnǼȱǰȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱ OsaȬ ǻȬȬŚȱ GeckoǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŝŜȱȱ ŗŘȱOvod (NanuchkaȱǼȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱȬŗŘŖȱ Malakhitȱ ǻȬȬşȱ SirenǼȱǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ OsaȬȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ŗȱOvod (NanuchkaȱǼȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱřśśȱ Onyxȱ ǻȬȬŘŜǼȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ OsaȬȱ ǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ FSMȱřŗDZȱ řȱAlbatros (GrishaȱǼȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱOsaȬȱ ǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱ ŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2ǯȱŗȱ ȱśŝȱ ŗŞȱAlbatros (GrishaȱǼȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱȬȱ ǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱǰȱŗȱȱ ŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ řȱAstrakhan (BuyanǼȱ ȱŗȱ¡ȱȱ ȱřŚŝȱ Gibkaȱ ǻȬȬŗŖȱ GrouseǼǰȱ ŗȱ ȬŘŗśȱ GradȬȱ ŗŘŘȱ ǰȱŘȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱ ŝȱParchimȱȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬȬ śȱ GrailǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch ŘǰȱŗȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ PCFG ŘśDZ Ŝȱ Molnya (Tarantulȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŗśȱ Termitȱ ǻȬȬŘȦȱ StyxǼȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱǼȱ ȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱGrailǼȱǰȱ ŘȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ŗşȱ Molnya (Tarantulȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŞŖȱ Moskitȱ ǻȬȬŘŘȱ SunburnǼȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱǼȱ ȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱGrailǼȱǰȱ ŘȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ PBMȱ ŝȱ Grachonokȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŚŝȱ Gibka ǻȬȬŗŖȱGrouseǼǰȱǻȱȱ ȱȱȱǼ PHGȱ řȱ Vekhr (MatkaǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŗśȱ Termitȱ ǻȬȬŘȦȱ StyxǼȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŝŜȱ PHT ŗȱ Sokol (MukhaǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ ŘȱŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURESȱśřȱ MHOȱ Řȱ Rubin (GoryaǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Strela-2 ǻȬȬśȱGrailǼȱǰȱŗȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ MSOȱŗŗDZȱŗŖ Akvamaren (NatyaǼ; 1 Agat (NatyaȱǼȱǻȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ȱ StrelaȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ GrailǼȱǰȱŘȱŗŘŖŖȱUraganǰȱŘȱ ȱŘřŖȱ MSCȱ ŘśDZȱ Řřȱ Yakhont (SonyaǼȱ ȱ ŚȱŜřŖȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱGrailǼȱǼ; Řȱ ȱŗŘśŞ (YevgenyaǼȱ MHI ŗśDZ şȱę (LidaǼȱ ȱŗȱŜřŖȱDzȱřȱȱŜşŜȱ (TolyaǼ; řȱMalakhit (OlyaǼ AMPHIBIOUS LANDING SHIPS • LSTȱŘŖDZȱ Śȱ Tapir (AlligatorǼȱ ȱ ŘȬřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ StrelaȬŘ ǻȬȬśȱGrailǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśŝȱȱǻ¢ȱ ŘŖȱDzȱřŖŖȱǼȱ ŗŘȱ ȱ ŝŝśȱ ǻRopuchaȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ śŝȱ ȱ ǻ¢ȱȱŗŖȱȱȱŗşŖȱȱȱŘŚȱȱ ǻǼȱȱŗŝŖȱǼȱ řȱ ȱ ŝŝśȱ ǻRopuchaȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ŘȱŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱȱ ŝŜȱȱǻ¢ȱȱŗŖȱȱȱŗşŖȱȱ ȱŘŚȱȱǻǼȱȱŗŝŖȱǼ ŗȱTapir (Alligator ǻǼǼȱ ȱŘȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ȱǻ¢ȱŗȱȬŘşȱHelixȱDzȱŗřȱDzȱřŖŖȱǼȱ ǻȱȱȱŘŖŗŘDzȱ¡ȱȱȬŘŖŗřǼǼȱ LANDING CRAFT Řś LCUȱŗŗDZȱ ŘȱDyugon ǻřȱȱȱǼȱ şȱȱŗŗŝŝŖȱǻSernaǼ ǻ¢ȱŗŖŖȱǼȱ LCM ŝȱAkula (OndatraǼȱǻ¢ȱŗȱǼȱ LCACȱŝDZȱ ŘȱDzheryan (AistǼȱ ȱŘȱ ȱŜřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱ ŚȱȱǼȱ ŘȱPomornik (ZubrǼȱ ȱŘȱŜřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŘřŖȱ DzȱȱřȱȱȱŗŖȱȱǻǼ řȱKalmar† (LebedǼȱǻ¢ȱŘȱȱǼ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORTȱŜŘŜ SSANȱ ŝDZȱ ŗȱ Orenburg (Delta III ǼDzȱ ŗȱ Losharik ǻȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǼDzȱ Řȱ ȱ ŗŞśŗȱ (PaltusǼDzȱřȱKashalot (UniformǼ SSA ŗȱSarov ABU ŗŘDZȱŞ KashtanDzȱŚ Sura AE ŘDZȱŗȱMunaDzȱŗȱDubnyak AEM řDZȱŘ Amga; ŗ Lama AG řDZȱŘ Vytegrales; ŗȱPotok AGB Ś Dobrynya Mikitich AGEȱŘDZȱŗȱTchusovoyDzȱŗȱZvezdochka ǻŘȱȱȱȱ Ǽ AGI ŗŗDZȱŘȱAlpinistDzȱŗ BalzamDzȱř MomaDzȱś Vishnya AGM ŗ Marshal Nedelin AGOR ŜDZȱ ŗȱ Akademik KrylovDzȱ Řȱ Sibiriyakovǰȱ Ř Vinograd; ŗȱ Seliger AGS ŘŗDZ řȱȬŝşŝDzȱŜȱKamenka; ş Onega; řȱVaygach AGSH ŗȱSamara AGSI śŖDZȱŞ BiyaDzȱŘś FinikDzȱŝ MomaDz ŗŘȱYug AH řȱOb † AKȱŘȱBira AOL ŗřDZȱŘ DubnaDz śȱUdaDz Ŝ Altay (Ǽȱ AORȱś Boris Chilikin AORL řDZȱŗ KaliningradneftDz ŘȱOlekma AOSȱŗȱLuza AR ŗřȱAmur ARC ŝDZȱŚ EmbaDzȱřȱKlasma ARS ŗŚDZȱŚȱMikhail RudnitskyDzȱŗŖȱGoryn ASȱŗ ȱŘŖŘŖȱǻMalinaǼ ASR ŘDZȱŗȱNepal; ŗȱAlagez ATF ŜŘDZȱ ŗȱ Alexander PiskunovDzȱ Řȱ BaklazhanDzȱ ś KatunDzȱ ř IngulDzȱ Ř NeftegazDzȱ ŗŚȱ OkhtenskyDzȱ ŗŞȱ PrometeyDzȱ ŗȱ PrutDzȱ ř Sliva; ŗř Sorum AWT ŘȱManych AXLȱŗŘDZȱŗŖȱPetrushkaDzȱŘȱSmolny ȱŘȱȱŘśŖŖǰȱŘȱ ȱ ŝŜȱ YDG ŘŞDZȱŗśȱBereza; 13 Pelym YDT şŗDZȱŚŖȱFlamingo; ŘŖȱNyryat 2DzȱŘŞȱYelva; řȱȱŗŗşŞŖ YGS ŜŖȱȬŚŞŖ YOȱřŜDZȱśȱKhobiDzȱřŖȱToplivoDzȱŗȱKonda YPBȱřŖȱBolva YPTȱŗŘȱShelon YTBȱŜŖDZȱřȱȬŜśDzȱŘȱȱŝŚśȦDzȱşȱȱŗŜŜŖşDzȱŗŗȱ StividorDzȱřśȱSidehole YTR ŚŘDZȱŘŝȱPozharnyDzȱŗśȱMorkov Naval Aviation ε28,000 Śȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ŜŖƸȱȦ¢ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȬřřȱFlankerȱDzȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ŗȱȱǻǼȱ ȱȬŘşȦȱFulcrum ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱFlanker ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE/ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱFencer ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱFencer ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŞDzȱȬŘŖȱCoot DzȱȬŘŘȱCoot DzȱȬřŞȦ ȬřŞ May* 189 Şȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘşȱHelix ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚȱHazeȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŘȦȱBear ȦȘ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱHelix MARITIME PATROL/TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗŘȱMailȘDzȱȬŞȱHip SEARCH & RESCUE/TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚ TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŚȱCokeDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱ ȬŝŘȱCoalerDzȱȬŗŚŖ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚ TRAINING ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŖDzȱȬřşȱAlbatros ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŖDzȱȬŗřŚDzȱȬŗśŚ TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHip EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŗřŜȱȱ FTRȱŚŖDZȱŘȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŘȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŗŞ Ȭřř FlankerȱDzȱŗŞȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱFlanker FGAȱřŗDZȱŘŞȱȬŘŚȱFencerDzȱřȱȬřŖȱ ATK śȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ASWȱŘŝȱȬŗŚŘȦȱBear Ȧ MP ŘŜDZȱřȱȬŗŘȱMail*DzȱŗȱȬŗŞDzȱŘŘȱȬřŞȦȬřŞȱMay* ISRȱŞȱȬŘŚȱFencer E* SAR řȱȬŗŘȱ EW • ELINT ŚDZȱŘȱȬŘŖȱCoot ; ŘȱȬŘŘȱCoot B TPTȱśŖDZȱMedium ŘȱȬŗŘȱCub; Light ŚŜDZȱŗȱȬŘŚȱ CokeDzȱ ŘŝȱȬŘŜȱ CurlDzȱ ŜȱȬŝŘȱ CoalerDzȱ ŘȱȬŗŚŖDzȱ ŗŖȱ Ȭ ŗřŚDzȱPAXȱŘȱȬŗśŚȱCareless TRGȱŚȱȬřş Albatros HELICOPTERS ASWȱŞřDZȱŜřȱȬŘŝȱHelixDzȱŘŖȱȬŗŚȱHazeȱ EW Ş ȬŞȱHip AEW ŘȱȬřŗȱHelix SARȱśŜDZȱŗŜȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱDzȱŚŖȱȬŗŚȱHaze C TPT • MediumȱřŜDZȱŘŞȱȬŘşȱHelixDzȱŚȱȬŞȱHipDzȱŚȱȬ ŞȱHip MSL ASMȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱKarenǼDzȱȬśşȱǻȬŗřȱKingboltǼȱ ARMȱȬśŞȱǻȬŗŗȱKilterǼDzȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŘȱKeglerǼ AAM • IR ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȦȱ AlamoǼDzȱ ȬŜŖȱ ǻȬŞȱ AphidǼDzȱ Ȭŝřȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ ArcherǼDzȱ SARH ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬ ŗŖȦȱAlamoǼ Naval Infantry (Marines) ε20,000 FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱǻĚǼȱȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŘȮřȱ ȱǰȱŗȱȱǼ ŘȱǻĚǼȱȱȱǻǼȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŘȮřȱ ȱǰȱ ŗȱȱǼ MANOEUVRE Mechanised Řȱȱ ŗȱȱȱǻǼ ŗȱȱ śȱȱȱȱ ŗȱȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia 190 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱȱ ȱşŝşȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ AIR DEFENCE Řȱȱȱ ȱşřřȱOsaȱǻȬŞȱGeckoǼDzȱStrelaȬŗȦ StrelaȬŗŖȱǻȬşȱGaskinȦȬŗřȱGopherǼ ŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼ ŗȱȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱGrowlerǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱŘŖŖȱȬŝŘȦȬŞŖȱ RECCEȱ ŜŖȱ ȬŘȱ ȱ ȱ şŗŗȱ Malyutka ǻȬřȱ SaggerǼȱ AIFV řŖŖȱȬŘ APCȱŞŖŖȱ APC (T)ȱřŖŖȱȬȱ APC (W)ȱśŖŖȱȬŞŖȱ ARTYȱřŜś SPȱ ŘŜřDZ 122mmȱ ŗŗřDZȱ şśȱ ŘŗDzȱ ŗŞȱ ŘŗşDzȱ 152mmȱ ŗśŖDZȱ śŖȱ ŘřŜDzȱśŖȱŘŜśDzȱśŖȱŘř GUN/MOR ŜŜ SP 120mmȱŚŘDZȱŗŘȱŘŘřȱȬDzȱřŖȱŘşȱȬ TOWED 120mmȱŘŚȱŘŗŜȱȬ MRL 122mmȱřŜȱȬŘŗ AT MSL SP şŗŚşȱ ȱşŗŗŚȱShturmȱǻȬŜȱSpiralǼDzȱşŗśŝȬŘȱ ȱşŗŘř KhrisantemaȱǻȬŗśȱSpringerǼ MANPATSȱ şŗŗȱ Malyutkaȱ ǻȬřȱ SaggerǼDzȱ şŗŗřȱ KonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼȱ GUNS 100mmȱȬŗŘȱ AD SAM SPȱŞŜDZȱŘŖȱşřřȱOsaȱǻȬŞȱGeckoǼDzȱśŖȱStrelaȬŗȦStrelaȬŗŖȱ ǻȬşȱ GaskinȦȬŗřȱ GopherǼDzȱ Şȱ ȬřŖŖȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ GrumbleǼDzȱŞȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱGrowlerǼ MANPADȱşřŘȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬŝȱGrailǼ GUNS 23mmȱŜŖȱȬŘřȬŚȱ MSL • SRBMȱŗŘȱşŝşȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ Coastal Missile and Artillery Troops 2,000 FORCES BY ROLE COASTAL DEFENCE řȱȱ Řȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ARTY • SP 130mmȱΉřŜȱȬŘŘŘȱBereg AShM řŜƸDZȱŘŚȱřŜŖȱBal ǻȬȬŜȱSennightǼDzȱŗŘȱȬřŖŖȱ BastionȱǻȬȬśȱStoogeǼDzȱȱŚŚŚȱRedut ǻȬȬŗȱSepalǼDzȱ ŚśŗȱRubezhȱǻȬȬřȱStyxǼ Military Air Forces ε148,000 (incl conscripts) ¢ȱ ŜŖȱȱŗŖŖȱȦ¢ȱǻȱǼȱ ŗŘŖƸȱǻȱǼ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǰȱǰȱǰȱǰȱǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱǯ FORCES BY ROLE BOMBER Śȱȱ ȱȬŘŘřȦȱęȱC řȱȱ ȱȬşśȱBear ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŜŖȱBlackjack FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȦȬŘşȱFulcrum ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȦȱFulcrum ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhound ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhoundDzȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱFlanker ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗDzȱȬŘŝŘDzȱȬřŖŘ Śȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhound Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱFlanker FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗDzȱȬŘŚȦŘȦ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝŘȱFlankerDzȱȬřśȱFlankerDzȱȬřŖŘ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝřȱFlankerDzȱȬřŖŘ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱȬřŖ GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦŘȱFencer Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦŘȱFencer Şȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱFrogfoot ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚ FullbackDzȱȬŘŚȦŘȱFencer GROUND ATTACK/ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚ FullbackDzȱȬŘŚȱFencer* ELECTRONIC WARFARE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHip ISR Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer* ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer* ŗȱĚȱ ȱȬřŖȱClank AIRBORNE EARLY WARNING & CONTROL ŗȱȱ ȱȬśŖȦȬśŖȱMainstay TANKER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŝŞȦȬŝŞȱMidas TRANSPORT ŜȱȦȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚȱ CrustyDzȱȬŗśŚȱCarelessDzȱȬŞȱHip ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘŚȱCondorDzȱȬŝŜȱCandid ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŝŜȱCandid ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŘȱCock řȱȱ ȱȬŝŜȱCandid ATTACK HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬśŘȱHokum DzȱȬŘŞȱHavocȱDzȱȬřśȱ HindDzȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱȬŞȬśȱHip Řȱȱ ȱȬśŘȱHokum B Śȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHind řȱȱ ȱȬŘŞȱHavoc B ŗȱȱ ȱȬřśȱHind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗŝȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHipȦȬŘŜȱHalo AIR DEFENCE Şȱȱȱ Śȱȱ ȱşřŝȦşřŗŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ȦȬŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼ ŗŝȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖǼ Řȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱGrowlerǼDzȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱǻȬ ŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT ŗǰŘŖŗȱȱ BBR ŗŚŗDZȱŜřȱȬŘŘřȦȱęȱC; řŗȱȬşśŜȱBearDzȱ řŗȱȬşśŗŜȱBearDzȱŗŜȱȬŗŜŖȱBlackjack FTR ŚŘŖDZ ŗŘŖȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱřŖȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŗŖŖȱ ȬřŗȦřŗȱ FoxhoundDzȱ śŖȱ Ȭřŗȱ FoxhoundDzȱ ŗŖŖȱ ȬŘŝȱFlankerDzȱŘŖȱȬŘŝ Flanker FGAȱ řŚśDZȱ ŘŞȱ ȬŘşȱ FulcrumDzȱ Ŝȱ ȬŘşȱ FulcrumDzȱ ŗŖŖȱ ȬŘŚȱ FencerDzȱ śŖȱ ȬŘŚŘȱ FencerDzȱ Śŝȱ Ȭ ŘŝŘȱFlankerDzȱŗŚȱȬŘŝřȱFlankerDzȱŗŚȱȬřŖŘDzȱŗśȱȬ řŖDzȱŚŜȱȬřŚȱFullbackDzȱŘśȱȬřś Flanker ATK ŘŗśDZȱŗśŖȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱśŖȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱŗśȱȬ ŘśȱFrogfoot ISRȱŞŜDZȱŚȱȬřŖȱClankDzȱŞŖȱȬŘŚȱFencer*ȱDzȱŘȱȬŘŗŚ ELINT řŘDZȱŗśȱȬŘŖȱCootȱDzȱśȱȬŘŘȱCoot DzȱŗŘȱȬŘŘȱCoot B AEW&Cȱ ŘŘDZȱ ŗśȱ ȬśŖȱ MainstayDzȱ řȱ ȬśŖȱ MainstayDzȱ Śȱ Ȭ ŝŜȱǻȬşŝŜȱȮȱ¢ȱǼ C2 ŜDZȱŘȱȬŝŜDzȱŚȱȬŞŜȱMaxdome TKR ŗśDZȱśȱȬŝŞȱMidasDzȱŗŖȱȬŝŞȱMidas TPT ŚřŘDZȱHeavyȱŗŘřDZȱşȱȬŗŘŚȱCondorDzȱŚȱȬŘŘȱCockDzȱŗŗŖȱ ȬŝŜȦȱ CandidDzȱ Mediumȱ Ŝśȱ ȬŗŘȱ CubDzȱ Light ŘŘŜDZȱŗŗśȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŘśȱȬŝŘȱCoalerDz śȱȬŗŚŖDzȱŘŝȱȬŚŗŖDzȱ śŚȱȬŗřŚȱCrustyDzȱPAXȱŗŞȱȬŗśŚȱCareless TRG ŗşŞ: ŗśŖȱȬřşȱAlbatrosDz ŚŞȱȬŗřŖȱĴ HELICOPTERS ATKȱ ŘşŜƸDZȱ ŗŘȱ ȬśŖȱ HokumDzȱ śŜƸȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum Dzȱ ŗśŖȱ ȬŘŚȦȦȱHindDzȱśŚƸȱȬŘŞȱHavoc DzȱŘŚȱȬřś Hind EW śŚDZ śŖȱȬŞȱHip; ŚȱȬŞȬŗȱHip TPT śřŘDZȱ Heavyȱ řŘȱ ȬŘŜȦȬŘŜȱ HaloDzȱ Mediumȱ śŖŖȱ ȬŞȦȬŞȦȬŞȦȬŞȬśȱHip TRG řŖDZȱŗŖȱȬŘŘŜDzȱŘŖȱȬ UAV • ISR Light ȱPchelaȬŗȱ AD • SAM • SPȱ řŝŜDZȱ ŞŖȱ şřŝȦşřŗŝȱ Bukȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢Ȧ Ȭŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱ ŘŚŖȱ ȬřŖŖȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ GrumbleȦȬŘŖȱ GargoyleǼDzȱŘŖȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼDzȱŘŚȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬ Řŗ GrowlerǼDzȱŗŘȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ MSL AAM • IR ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȦȱ AlamoǼDzȱ Ȭŝřȱ ǻȬ ŗŗȱ ArcherǼDzȱ ȬŜŖȱ ǻȬŞȱ AphidǼDzȱ SARH ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȦȱ AlamoǼDzȱ ȬřřȦřřȱ ǻȬşȱ Amosȱ ȦǼDzȱ ARH ȬŝŝȦȬŝŝȬŗȱ ǻȬŗŘȦȬȬŗŘȱ AdderǼDzȱ Ȭřŝȱ ǻȬŗřȱ AxeheadǼDzȱPRH ȬŘŝȦȱǻȬŗŖȦȱAlamoǼ ARM ȬśŞ ǻȬŗŗȱ KilterǼ; ȬŘś (ȬŗŘȱ KeglerǼ; Ȭŗśȱ ǻȬŗŜȱ KickbackǼȱ ȬřŗȦȱ ǻȱ ȱ ǼȱǻȬŗŝȱKryptonǼȱ ASM ȬŘśȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ KarenǼDzȱ ȬśşȦȬśşȱ ǻȬŗřȱ KingboltȦȬŗŞȱ KazooǼDzȱ ȬŘşȱ ǻȬŗŚȱ KedgeǼDzȱ ȬřŗȦ ȱǻȱȱǼȱǻȬŗŝȱKryptonǼDzȱȬřŞȱ ǻȱǼȱ LACMȱȬŘŘȦřŘȱǻȬŚȱKitchenǼDzȱȬśśȦśśȱǻȬŗśȦȱ KentǼDzȱȬŗŖŗDzȱȬŗŖŘDzȱȬśśśȱǻȬŗśȱKentǼȱ BOMBS • Laser-guidedȱȬśŖŖDzȱȬŗśŖŖDzȱTV-guided ȬśŖŖDzȱȬŗśŖŖDzȱȬśŖŖDzȱŗśŖŖ Airborne Troops ε32,000 FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱǻȱǼȱȱ 191 MANOEUVRE Air Manoeuvre ŚȱȱȱǻŘȱȦȱȱDzȱŗȱ¢ȱDzȱŗȱȱǼ ŗȱȱȱ řȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE RECCE Tigr AIFVȱŗǰŗŜśDZȱŗŖŖȱȬŗDzȱŗǰŖŖŖȱȬŘDzȱŗŖȱȬřDzȱřŖȱȬ ŚDzȱŘśȱȬŞŖ APC • APC (T)ȱŝŖŖȱȬ ARTYȱŜŖŖƸ TOWED 122mm ŗśŖȱȬřŖ GUN/MOR • SP 120mmȱŘśŖȱŘşȱȬȱǻśŖŖȱȱDZȱ 120mmȱśŖŖȱŘşȱȬǼ MOR • TOWED ŘŖŖƸ 82mm ŗśŖȱŘŗŚDzȱ120mmȱśŖƸȱŘŘř AT MSL SP ŗŖŖȱȬ MANPATSȱ şŗŗŗȱ Fagotȱ ǻȬŚȱ SpigotǼDzȱ şŗŗŘ Kobra (ȬŞȱSongsterǼ;ȱşŗŗřȱKonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗŚȱ Shturmȱ ǻȬŜȱ SpiralǼDzȱ şŗŗśȱ Metisȱ ǻȬŝȱ SaxhornǼDzȱ şŗŗśȬŗȱ Metis- (Ȭŗřȱ Saxhornȱ ŘǼ;ȱ şŗŗŜȱ Bastion/ Basnyaȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ StabberǼ; şŗŗşȱ Ě¡Ȧȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ SniperǼ; şŗřśȱKornet (ȬŗŚȱSprigganǼ RCL 73mmȱȬşȱ RL 105mmȱȬŘş GUNS • SP: 125mm řŜƸȱŘŘś AD • SAM SP ŗśŖȱȬ MANPADȱşřŗŖȱIgla-ŗ (ȬŗŜȱGimletǼDzȱşřŞȱIglaȱǻȬ ŗŞȱ GrouseǼDzȱ şřřřȱ VerbaDzȱ şřřŞȱ IglaȬȱ ǻȬŘŚȱ GrinchǼDzȱ şřŚȱStrelaȬř (ȬŗŚȱGremlinǼ ARV ȬDzȱȬ Special Operations Forces ε1,000 FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES Řȱȱ Russian Military Districts Western Military District ȱȱȱ Army FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND Řȱ¢ȱ SPECIAL FORCES Řȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Mechanised ŗȱȱ Śȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT Řȱ¢ȱȱ ŗȱȱ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia 192 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Řȱȱȱ ȱIskanderȬ ŗȱȱȱ ȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT Řȱȱ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Reserves FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ Mechanised Řȱȱ Northern Fleet EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SUBMARINESȱřřȱ STRATEGICȱşȱSSBN ǻȱȱȱȱǼ TACTICALȱŘŚDZȱŚȱSSGNDzȱŗř SSNDzȱŝȱSSK PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTSȱ ŗŗDZȱ ŗȱ CVDzȱ Řȱ CGHMN ǻȱȬǼDzȱŗȱCGHM ǻȱǼDzȱ ŝȱDDGHM PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱşDZȱřȱ FSGMDzȱŜȱFSM MINE WARFAREȱ ŗŘDZȱ ŗȱ MHO ǻȱ ǼDzȱ řȱ MSODzȱ Şȱ MSC AMPHIBIOUS ŚȱLST Naval Aviation FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER Řȱȱ ȱȬřřȱFlanker DzȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖȱCootȱDzȱȬřŞȱMayȘDzȱȬŗřŚ řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘşȱHelix ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŘȦȱBear Ȧ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTRȱŗŞȱȬřřȱFlankerȱ ATK śȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ASWȱŗřȱȬŗŚŘȦȱBear Ȧȱ EW • ELINTȱřDZȱŘȱȬŘŖȱCootȱDzȱŗȱȬŘŘȱCoot B MP ŗŚȱȬřŞȱMay* TPTȱşDZȱŞȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱ HELICOPTERS ASWȱȬŘŝȱHelix ȱ TPTȱȬŘşȱHelix DzȱȬŞȱHip Naval Infantry FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱȱǻǼ ŗȱȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops FORCES BY ROLE COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱ Baltic Fleet EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SUBMARINES • TACTICALȱ řȱ SSKDZȱ ŗȱ LadaDzȱ Řȱ Paltus (KiloǼȱ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTSȱ ŞDZȱ Řȱ DDGHMDzȱŜȱFFGHM PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱ ŘŖDZȱ Śȱ FSGMDzȱŝȱFSMDzȱŞȱPCFGDz ŗ PBM MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURES ŗśDZȱŚ MSCDzȱŗŗ MHI AMPHIBIOUSȱŗřDZȱŚ LSTDzȱŘȱLCUDzȱśȱLCMDzȱŘȱLCAC Naval Aviation FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱFlanker GROUND ATTACK/ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱFencer ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘşȱHelix TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHip EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTR ŗŞȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱFlanker FGA ŗŖȱȬŘŚȱFencer ISR ŚȱȬŘŚȱFencer* TPTȱŞDZȱŜȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŘȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty HELICOPTERS ASWȱȬŘŝȱHelix TPT • MediumȱȬŘşȱHelix; Mi-8 Hip Naval Infantry FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱȱ ȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops FORCES BY ROLE COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 1st Air Force & Air Defence Command FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȱFulcrum ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhoundDzȱȬŘŝ Flanker ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱFlanker FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK/ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhoundDz ȬŘŚȦŘȦȱ Fencer GROUND ATTACK/ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚȱFullbackDzȱȬŘŚȱFencer ISR ŗȱĚȱ ȱȬřŖȱClank ELECTRONIC WARFARE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHip TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty ATTACK HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬśŘȱHokum DzȱȬŘŞȱHavocȱDzȱȬ řśȱHindDzȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱȬŞȬśȱHip Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER řȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHip AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ȱşřŝȦşřŗŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ȦȬŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼ ŝȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱ ǻȬŘŖȱGargoyleǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTR ŗŜŖDZȱśŗȱȬřŗȱFoxhoundDzȱŗŖşȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker FGA ŗŖŘDZȱŘŞȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŜȱȬŘşȱ FulcrumDzȱŚŚȱȬŘŚȦŘȱFencerDzȱŘŚ ȬřŚȱFullback ISR řŞDZȱŚȱȬřŖȱClankDzȱŗŖȱȬŘśȱFoxbat* ŘŚȱ ȬŘŚȱFencer* TPTȱŗŘȱȬŗŘȦȬŘŜȦȬŗřŚ HELICOPTERS ATKȱśŞƸDZȱŗŘȱȬśŘȱHokum DzȱřŖȱȬŘŚȱHind; 12 Mi-28N Havoc DzȱŚƸȱȬřśȱ EWȱŗŖȱȬŞȱHip TPT • MediumȱśŖȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAM • SPȱ şřŝȦşřŗŝȱ Bukȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢Ȧ Ȭŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱ ȬřŖŖȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ GrumbleȦȬŘŖȱ GargoyleǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼ Airborne Troops FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱǻȱǼȱȱ MANOEUVRE Air Manoeuvre řȱȱ Central Military District ȱȱ Army FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND Řȱ¢ȱ SPECIAL FORCES Řȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ Mechanised ŗȱǻŘŖŗǼȱȱ ŝȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT Řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ Řȱȱȱ ȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼ Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ Řȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT Řȱȱ Reserves FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised řȱȱ Military Air Force 2nd Air Force & Air Defence Command FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhound Řȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhound GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer E TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚȱCrustyDzȱ ȬŗśŚDzȱȬŞȱHip ATTACK HELICOPTER Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER Řȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHipȦȬŘŜȱHalo AIR DEFENCE Ŝȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTR ŝřȱȬřŗȱFoxhound FGAȱŘŜȱȬŘŚȱFencer ISRȱŗřȱȬŘŚ Fencer E TPTȱřŜȱȬŗŘȱCubȦȬŘŜȱCurlȦȬŗřŚȱCrustyȦȬ ŗśŚȱCareless HELICOPTERS ATKȱŘŚȱȬŘŚȱHind TPTȱŚŜDZȱŜȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱŚŖȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAM • SPȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼ Russia and Eurasia Military Air Force 193 194 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Airborne Troops FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱ Southern Military District ȱȱȱȬȬ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Army FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND Řȱ¢ȱ SPECIAL FORCES Řȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ MANOEUVRE Reconnaissance ŗȱȱ Mechanised Ŝȱȱ ŗȱȱȱǻǼ ŗȱȱȱǻ£Ǽ ŗȱȱȱǻȱǼ řȱǻȦǼȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ ȱIskanderȬ ǻȬŘŜȱStoneǼ Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT Řȱȱ Black Sea Fleet ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱǰȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǯȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SUBMARINES • TACTICALȱ Řȱ SSKȱ ǻȱ ŗȱ Som (TangoǼȱȱǼ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTSȱśDZȱŘȱCGHMDzȱ ŗȱDDGMDzȱŘȱFFGM PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱ ŘŖDZȱ Śȱ FSGMDzȱŜȱFSMDzȱŗ PHMDzȱś PCFGDzȱřȱPBMDzȱŗȱPHT MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURESȱşDZȱ ŗȱMHODzȱŜȱMSODzȱŘȱMSC AMPHIBIOUSȱşDZȱŞȱLSTDzȱŗȱLCU Naval Aviation FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE/ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱFencer ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱHelix ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚȱHaze MARITIME PATROL/TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱDzȱȬŗŘȱMailȘDzȱȬŞ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FGAȱŗŞȱȬŘŚȱFencer ISRȱŚȱȬŘŚȱFencer E MPȱŜȱȬŗŘȱMail* TPTȱŜȱȬŘŜ HELICOPTERS ASWȱȬŘŝȱHelix TPT • MediumȱȬŞȱHipȱǻȦȦǼ Naval Infantry FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised Řȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops FORCES BY ROLE COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ Caspian Sea Flotilla EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTSȱŘȱFFGM PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱ ŗŗDZȱ Řȱ FSGMDzȱřȱFSMDzȱŘȱPCFGDzȱřȱPHMDzȱŗ PBM MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURESȱŝDZȱ śȱMSCDzȱŘȱMHI AMPHIBIOUSȱŗŗDZȱŘȱLCMDzȱŚȱLCUDzȱśȱLCAC Military Air Force 4th Air Force & Air Defence Command FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȱFulcrum ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȱFulcrum ǻǼ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱFlankerDzȱȬŘŝř FlankerDzȱȬ řŖŘ GROUND ATTACK Ŝȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱFrogfoot ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚ FullbackDzȱȬŘŚȱFencer ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer E TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubȦȬŞȱHip ATTACK HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬśŘȱHokum B řȱȱ ȱȬŘŞȱHavoc B ŗȱȱ ȱȬřśȱHind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER Ŝȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHipȦȬŘŜȱHalo AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ȱşřŝȦşřŗŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ȦȬŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼ Russia and Eurasia EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTR ŗŘŗDZȱŜřȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱśŞȱȬŘŝȱFlanker FGA ŞŞDZȱŜŘȱȬŘŚȱFencer; ŗŘ ȬŘŝřȱFlankerDzȱ ŘȱȬřŖŘDzȱŗŘȱȬřŚȱFullback ATK ŗŘşȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱFrogfoot ISR ŘŚȱȬŘŚȱFencer* TPTȱŗŘȱȬŗŘȱCub HELICOPTERS ATKȱŜŚDZȱŗŜȱȬśŘȱHokum DzȱřŚȱȬŘŞȱHavoc DzȱŗŚȱȬřśȱHind TPTȱŝŘDZȱHeavyȱŗŖȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱMediumȱŜŘȱȬŞȱ Hip AD • SAM • SPȱşřŝȦşřŗŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ȦȬ ŗŝȱGrizzlyǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖȱGargoyleǼDzȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗ GrowlerǼDzȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ Airborne Troops FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ Eastern Military District ȱȱȱ Army FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND Śȱ¢ȱ SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ Mechanised ŗŖȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ řȱȱȱ ȱTochkaȱǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼȱ řȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT Śȱȱ Reserves FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised Şȱȱ Pacific Fleet EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SUBMARINESȱŘŘȱ STRATEGICȱřȱSSBN TACTICAL ŗşDZȱśȱSSGNDzȱśȱSSNDzȱşȱSSK PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTSȱşDZȱŗȱCGHMDzȱ ŞȱDDGHM ǻȱ ȱȱȱǼ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ŘřDZȱ řȱ FSGMDzȱşȱFSMDzȱŗŖȱPCFGDzȱŗȱPBM MINE WARFAREȱŝDZȱŘȱMSODzȱśȱMSC AMPHIBIOUSȱŜDZȱŚȱLST; 2 LCU Naval Aviation FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER Řȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhound ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘşȱHelix ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŞDzȱȬŘŘȱCootȱDzȱȬřŞȱMay* ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŘȦȱBear ȦȘ TRANSPORT Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŗřŚ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTR ŘŚȱȬřŗȱFoxhound ASWȱŗŚȱȬŗŚŘȦȱBearȱȦȘ MP ŗśȱȬřŞȱMay* EW • ELINT ŗȱȬŘŘȱCoot B TPTȱŜDZȱŘȱȬŗŘȱCubDzȱřȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŗȱȬŗřŚ HELICOPTERS ASWȱȬŘŝȱHelix TPT • MediumȱȬŘşȱHelixDzȱȬŞȱHip Naval Infantry FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised Řȱȱȱ AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops FORCES BY ROLE COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Military Air Force 3rd Air Force & Air Defence Command FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŗȱFoxhoundDzȱȬŘŝŘȱFlankerDzȱ ȬřŖŘ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝŘȱFlankerDzȱȬřŖŘDzȱȬřśȱ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱȬřŖ GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦŘȱFencer Řȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ISR ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer E Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Řȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖȱGargoyleǼ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱGrowlerǼDzȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱ ǻȬŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ 195 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 196 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 TRANSPORT Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱCubȦȬŘŜȱCurlȦȬŗřŚȱCrustyȦ ȬŗśŚȱCareless ATTACK HELICOPTER Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHind ŗȱȱ ȱȬśŘȱHokum B TRANSPORT HELICOPTER Ŝȱȱ ȱȬŞȱHindȦȬŘŜȱHalo AIR DEFENCE Řȱȱ ȱşřŝȦşřŗŝȱBukȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢ȦȬŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼ řȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱ ǻȬŘŖȱGargoyleǼ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱGrowlerǼDzȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱ ǻȬŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT FTR ŘŖȱȬřŗȱFoxhound FGA ŗŖřDZȱŚŚȱȬŘŚȱFencerDzȱŗŖȱȬŘŚŘȱFencerDzȱŚŝȱ ȬŘŝŘȱFlankerDzȱŘȱȬřŖŘ ATK ŝŘȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ISR ŘŞȱȬŘŚȱFencer E TPTȱŘŘȱȬŗŘȱCubȦȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱCrustyDzȱŗȱ ȬŗśŚȱCareless HELICOPTERS ATKȱŚŚDZȱŘŖȱȬśŘȱHokum DzȱŘŚȱȬŘŚȱHind TPTȱŜŖDZȱHeavyȱŚȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱMediumȱśŜȱȬŞȱ Hip AD • SAM • SPȱ şřŝȦşřŗŝȱ Bukȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢Ȧ Ȭŗŝȱ GrizzlyǼDzȱ ȬřŖŖȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ GrumbleȦȬŘŖȱ GargoyleǼDzȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼDzȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬ Řŗ GrowlerǼDzȱşŜŜȱPantsirȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱGreyhoundǼ Airborne Troops FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Air Manoeuvre Řȱȱȱ Paramilitary 489,000 Federal Border Guard Service ε160,000 ¢ȱȱȱȱDzȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȬȱ FORCES BY ROLE ŗŖȱȱ MANOEUVRE Other ŝȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIFV/APC (W)ȱŗǰŖŖŖȱȦ ARTY • SPȱ şŖDZȱ 122mmȱ Řŗ; 120mmȱ ŘŗŘDzȱ 120mmȱ Řşȱ Anona PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS FRIGATES • FFHMȱ řȱ Nerey (Krivak Ǽȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ OsaȬȱ ǻȬȬŚȱ GeckoǼ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱ ŗȱ ŗŖŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱȬŘŝȱHelix ȱǼ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŘřř PCMȱŚŜDZȱ ŘȱMolnyaȱȱǻPauk Ǽȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱStrelaȬŘ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱŗŘŖŖȱǰȱŗȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ŘŝȱSvetljak (SvetlyakǼȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱStrelaȬŘ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ŗŝȱMolnyaȱȱǻPauk Ǽȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱStrelaȬŘ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǰȱ Śȱ ȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŗŘŖŖǰȱŗȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ PHT ŘȱAntares (MuraveyǼȱ PCO ŗŝDZȱŞȱȱśŖřȱǻAlpinistǼDzȱŗȱSprutDzȱśȱRubin ȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱDzȱŘȱAntur;ȱŗȱPurga PSOȱŚȱKomandor PCCȱ ŗřȱ Tarantul (StenkaǼ ȱ Śȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜřŖȱ PBȱŚśDZȱřȱȱŗŚřŗŖȱǻMirazhǼDzȱŗřȱ¢ȱŗŚşŜDz ŗŘȱGrif (ZhukǼDzȱŗŝȱKulik PBRȱŘśDZȱřȱOgonek ȱŘȱŜřŖȱDzȱŞȱPiyavka ȱ ŗȱŜřŖȱDzȱśȱShmel ȱŗȱŝŜȱDzȱŜȱMoskit (VoshǼȱ ȱ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŝŜȱ Dzȱ Řȱ Slepen (YazǼȱ ȱŘȱŗŗśȱDzȱŗȱGornostay PBFȱŞŗDZȱŗȱȬŗŘśDzȱŘȱBogomol ȱŘȱ ȱŜřŖȱǰȱŗȱ ŝŜȱDzȱŗŝȱMangustDzȱŚȱMustangȱǻȱŗŞŜŘřǼDzȱŗśȱ SaygakDzȱΉŚŖȱSobolDzȱŘȱSokzhoi AMPHIBIOUS • LC • LCAC ŝȱTsaplyaȱǻȱȱȱ Ǽ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORTȱŚŗ AGBȱ śȱ Ivan Susaninȱ ǻ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽȱ AGSȱŘȱYugȱǻ¢ȱȱȱȱǼȱ AKȱŞȱNeon Antonov AKSLȱŜȱKanin AO ŘDZȱŗ BaskunchakDzȱŗȱȱŗśŗŖȱ ATF ŗŞȱSorumȱǻ¢ȱȱȱȱǼ AIRCRAFT • TPTȱΉŞŜDZȱŝŖȱȬŘŚȱCokeȦȬŘŜȱCurlȦȬŝŘȱ CoalerȦȬŝŜȱCandidȦȬŗřŚȱCrustyȦȬŚŖȱCodlingDzȱŗŜȱȬ şŘ HELICOPTERSDZȱ ΉŘŖŖȱ ȬŘŞȱ ǻȬŘŝǼȱ Helixȱ ȦȬŘŚȱ HindȱȦȬŘŜȱHaloȱȦȬŞȱHipȱȱ Federal Agency for Special Construction (MOD) ε50,000 Federal Communications and Information Agency ε55,000 FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Other Śȱ¢ȱ ŘŞȱ¢ȱ Federal Protection Service ε10,000–30,000 active ȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱȱȱȱȱ Ǽ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised ŗȱȱȱ Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱ Other ŗȱǻǼȱȱ Federal Security Service ε4,000 active (armed) Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Other ȱȱȱǻȱȱȱ¢ȱǼ Interior Troops Ή170,000 FORCES BY ROLE ŝȱȱDZȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱȬȱȱ MANOEUVRE Other řȱǻśśǰȱśşȱǭȱǼȱ¢ȱȱǻŘȮśȱ ¢ȱǼ ŗŞȱǻǼȱ¢ȱȱǻřȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǼ Řȱȱ¢ȱȱǻȦǼ ŗŖŘȱ¢ȱȦȱǻȱȱȱǼ ŗŗȱǻǼȱ¢ȱ Aviation Şȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱş AIFV/APC (W)ȱŗǰŜśŖȱȬŗȦȬŘȦȬŞŖ ARTYȱřśȱ TOWED 122mmȱŘŖȱȬřŖȱ MOR 120mmȱŗśȱȬřŞȱ AIRCRAFT TPT ŘřDZȱHeavy şȱȬŝŜȱCandidDzȱMediumȱŘȱ ȬŗŘȱCubDz LightȱŗŘȱȬŘŜ CurlDzȱŜȱȬŝŘȱCoaler HELICOPTERS • TPT ŝŖDZȱHeavy ŗŖȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱ MediumȱŜŖȱȬŞȱHip Railway Troops (MOD) ε20,000 Śȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗŖȱǻ ¢Ǽȱȱ Cyber ȱ ŘŖŖřǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱǯȱȱȱŘŖŖřǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǻǼǯȱ ȱ ęȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱȱȱ¢Ȭȱȱ ȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ěȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ 197 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȁȱȂǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢Dzȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŘǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱDZȱȁȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Dzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȂDzȱ ȱ ȁ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȂǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ DEPLOYMENT ARMENIA řǰřŖŖDZȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗȱ ȱ Dzȱ ŝŚȱ ȬŝŘDzȱ ŞŖȱ ȬŗDzȱ ŞŖȱ ȬŘDzȱŗŘȱŘŗDzȱŗŘȱȬŘŗǼDzȱŗȱȱ ȱŗŞȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŘȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorȦGiantǼDzȱŗȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ŘŗŘȱKubȱǻȬŜȱGainfulǼ BELARUS ŗȱȱĚȱ ȱśȱȬŘŝȱFlankerDzȱŗȱȬśŖȱMainstayDzȱŚȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱǼDzȱŗȱȱȱȱȱ (Volgaȱ¢DzȱǼDzȱŗȱȱȱ BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA OSCE Ȋȱȱȱ £ȱŘ CÔTE D’IVOIRE UN Ȋȱȱŗŗȱ DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO UN ȊȱȱŘŞȱ GEORGIA ŝǰŖŖŖDzȱ£ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱȱDzȱŚŖȱȬşŖDzȱŗŘŖȱ ȬŞŘDzȱŗŞȱŘřDzȱŗŘȱŘŗŘDzȱŗŞȱȬŘŗDzȱȱȬřŖŖȱDzȱ ȱȱǼDzȱȱȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱȱDzȱŚŖȱ ȬŝŘDzȱŗŘŖȱȬŘDzȱřŜȱŘřDzȱŗŘȱŘŗŘǼȱ KAZAKHSTAN ŗȱȱȱȱȱǻDneprȱ¢DzȱǼ KYRGYZSTAN ΉśŖŖDzȱśȱȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱŘȱȬŞȱHipȱȱ LIBERIA UN Ȋȱȱřȱ MIDDLE EAST UN ȊȱȱŚȱ MOLDOVA/TRANSDNIESTR ΉŗǰśŖŖȱǻȱřśŖȱǼDzȱŘȱȱDzȱŗŖŖȱȦ ȦDz ŝȱȬŘŚȱHindDzȱȱȬŞȱHip Russia and Eurasia Russia and Eurasia 198 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 SERBIA OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ SOUTH SUDAN UN ȊȱȱřDzȱŘȱ SUDAN UN Ȋȱȱŗȱ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 SYRIA ŗȱȱ¢ȱȱ TAJIKISTAN śǰŖŖŖDzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱǻŘŖŗǼȱȱDzȱŚŖȱȬŝŘŗDzȱŜŖȱ ȬŘDzȱŞŖȱȬŞŖDzȱŚŖȱȬDzȱŗŞȱŘŗDzȱřŜȱŘřDzȱŜȱŘŗŘȦŗŘȱ şŗŚŖȱUraganǼDzȱŚȱȬŞȱHip UKRAINE DZȱŘŖǰŖŖŖDzȱŘȱȱȱDzȱŗȱ¢ȱDzȱŞŖȱȬŘȱ DzȱŘŖȱȬŞŖȱDZȱŗśŖȱȬDzȱŗŞȱŘŗȱ¢DzȱŗŘȱȬŘŗȱ Dzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖDzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱ BastionDzȱŗȱȱ ȱȱȱDzȱŘȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǻDneprȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱ (Dneprȱ¢Ǽȱ ȦDZȱřŖŖƸȱǻǼ OSCE ȊȱȱŗŜ WESTERN SAHARA UN Ȋȱȱŗŗȱ Tajikistan TJK Tajikistani Somoni Tr GDP 2013 2014 Tr 40.5bn 46.6bn US$ 8.5bn 9.16bn US$ 1,045 1,103 Growth % 7.4 6.0 Inflation % 5.0 6.6 Def bdgt [a] Tr 923m ε946m US$ 194m 186m US$ 0.8m 1.5m 4.8 5.1 per capita FMA (US) US$1=Tr 2015 0.7m [a] Defence and law enforcement expenses Population 8,051,512 Ethnic groups: Tajik 67%; Uzbek 25%; Russian 2%; Tatar 2% Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 Male 16.8% 5.0% 5.2% 5.1% 16.3% 1.3% Female 16.2% 4.8% 5.1% 5.0% 17.3% 1.8% 30–64 65 plus Capabilities ȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȂȱ ȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ Ǽǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȯȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ ACTIVE 8,800 (Army 7,300, Air Force/Air Defence 1,500) Paramilitary 7,500 Conscript liabilityȱŘŚȱ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 7,300 FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised řȱȱ Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱřŝDZȱřŖȱȬŝŘDzȱŝȱȬŜŘ AIFVȱŘřDZȱŞȱȬŗDzȱŗśȱȬŘȱ APC (W)ȱŘřȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŞŖȱ ARTYȱŘřȱ TOWED 122mmȱŗŖȱȬřŖȱ MRL 122mmȱřȱȬŘŗȱ MOR 120mmȱŗŖȱ AD • SAMȱŘŖƸȱ TOWED ŘŖȱ Ȭŝśȱ Dvinaȱ ǻȬŘȱ GuidelineǼDzȱ ȬŗŘśȱ PechoraŘȱǻȬřȱGoaǼ MANPADȱşřŘȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬŝȱGrailǼȖȱ Air Force/Air Defence 1,500 FORCES BY ROLE TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHindDzȱȬŞȱHipDzȱȬŗŝȱHip H EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT TPT • Light ŗȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRG ŚƸDZ ŚȱȬřşȱAlbatrosDzȱȱȬśŘ HELICOPTERS ATKȱŚȱȬŘŚȱHind TPT • MediumȱŗŗȱȬŞȱHipȦȬŗŝȱHip H Paramilitary 7,500 Interior Troops 3,800 National Guard 1,200 Emergencies Ministry 2,500 Border Guards DEPLOYMENT UKRAINE OSCEȱȊȱȱŗ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 FOREIGN FORCES Russia śǰŖŖŖDzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱǻŘŖŗǼȱȱDzȱŚŖȱȬŝŘŗDzȱ ŜŖȱȬŘDzȱŞŖȱȬŞŖDzȱŚŖȱȬDzȱŗŞȱŘŗDzȱřŜȱŘřDzȱŜȱŘŗŘȦŗŘȱ şŗŚŖȱUraganǼDzȱŚȱȬŞȱHip Turkmenistan TKM Turkmen New Manat TMM GDP 2013 2014 TMM 116bn 135bn US$ 40.8bn 47.5bn US$ 7,157 8,203 Growth % 10.2 10.1 Inflation % 6.8 5.0 TMM ε1.75bn US$ ε612m per capita Def exp US$ FMA (US) 0.69m 2.85 USD1=TMM 2015 0.1m 2.85 5,171,943 Population Ethnic groups: Turkmen 77%; Uzbek 9%; Russian 7%; Kazak 2% Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 Male 13.4% 4.9% 5.3% 5.1% 19.1% 1.8% Female 13.0% 4.8% 5.2% 5.1% 19.9% 2.4% 30–64 65 plus Capabilities Ȃȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱŗşşşȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŖşȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱřŖȱȬşŖȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱęǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱĜȱȱȱȱ¢ȱěȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱŘŖŗśǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ ACTIVE 22,000 (Army 18,500 Navy 500 Air 3,000) Conscript liabilityȱŘŚȱ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 18,500 śȱȱ 199 FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Mechanised řȱȱ Řȱȱ Air Manouvre ŗȱȱȱ Other ŗȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ ȱScud Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE † MBTȱŜŞŖDZȱŗŖȱȬşŖDzȱŜŝŖȱȬŝŘȱ RECCEȱŗŝŖȱȦȬŘȱ AIFVȱşŚŘDZ şřŖȱȬŗȦȬŘDzȱŗŘȱȱ APC (W)ȱŞŘşȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŞŖȱ ARTYȱśŝŖȱ SPȱśŜDZȱ122mmȱŚŖȱŘŗ; 152mmȱŗŜȱŘřȱ TOWEDȱ ŘŜşDZ 122mmȱ ŗŞŖȱ ȬřŖDzȱ 152mmȱ ŞşDZȱ ŗŝȱ ȬŗDzȱ ŝŘȱ ȬŘŖȱ GUN/MOR 120mmȱŗŝȱŘşȱAnona MRLȱ ŗřŗDZȱ 122mmȱ ŜśDZȱ şȱ şŗřŞDzȱ śŜȱ ȬŘŗDzȱ 220mmȱ ŜŖȱ şŗŚŖȱUragan; 300mmȱŜȱşśŘȱSmerch MORȱşŝDZȱ82mmȱřŗDz 120mmȱŜŜȱȬřŞȱ AT MSL • MANPATSȱ şŗŗȱ ǻȬřȱ SaggerǼDzȱ şŗŗŗȱ ǻȬŚȱ SpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗśȱǻȬŜ Spiral) GUNS 100mmȱŝŘȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ AD • SAMȱśřƸ SPȱśřDZȱŚŖȱşřřȱOsaȱǻȬŞȱGeckoǼDzȱŗřȱşřśȱStrelaȬŗ0ȱǻȬ ŗřȱGopherǼ MANPADȱşřŘȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬŝȱGrailǼȖȱ GUNSȱŝŖȱ SP 23mmȱŚŞȱȬŘřȬŚȱ TOWED 57mmȱŘŘȱȬŜŖȱ MSL • SSMȱŗŖȱȬŗȱScud Navy 500 EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŗş PCFG ŘȱEdermenȱǻȱMolnyaǼȱ ȱŚȱȱȱ ȱ řŘŚȱUranȱǰȱŗȱȱȱǻȱǼȱ ȱşřŘȱStrelaȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱGrailǼ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ PCCȱŚȱArkadag PBF ŗŘDZȱśȱGrifȬDz ś ȱŗŚDZȱŘȱSobol PB ŗȱPoint Air Force 3,000 FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱȬŗŝȱ ĴDzȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜ CurlDzȱȬŞȱHipDzȱȬŘŚȱHind Russia and Eurasia Russia and Eurasia 200 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 TRAINING ŗȱȱ ȱȬŝȱĴȱDzȱȬřşȱAlbatros AIR DEFENCE ȱȱ ȱȬŝśȱDvina ǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼDzȱȬŗŘśȱPechora ǻȬřȱGoaǼDzȱȬŘŖŖȱAngaraȱǻȬśȱGammonǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱşŚȱȱ FTRȱŘŚDZȱŘŘȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱŘȱȬŘşȱFulcrum FGAȱŜŞDZȱřȱȬŝȱĴȱDzȱŜśȱȬŗŝȱĴȱB ATK ŘȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ǻŚŗȱȱȱǼ TPT • LightȱŗȱȬŘŜȱCurl TRGȱŘȱȬřşȱAlbatros HELICOPTERS ATKȱŗŖȱȬŘŚȱHind TPT • MediumȱŞȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAMȱśŖȱȬŝśȱDvinaȱǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼȦȬŗŘśȱPechora ǻȬřȱGoaǼȦȬŘŖŖȱAngaraȱǻȬśȱGammonǼ Ukrainian Hryvnia h 2013 2014 h 1.45tr 1.52tr US$ 178bn 135bn US$ 3,930 2,979 Growth % -0.0 -6.5 Inflation % -0.3 11.4 Def bdgt [a] h 19.7bn 40.5bn US$ 2.41bn 3.59bn US$ 7m 4.2m 8.16 11.30 per capita FMA (US) US$1=h 2015 63bn 2m [a] Defence & security budget, includes funds for the Interior Ministry. 2014 figure excludes funding from general budget reserve fund and special defence and security reserve fund. Population ACTIVE 121,500 (Army 64,000 Navy 7,000 Air 45,000 Airborne 5,500) Paramilitary n.k. Conscript liability ¢ǰȱȱȱŗŞȱǰȱ¢ȱŘȱ ¢ǯȱȱȱȱŘŖŗřȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱśŖƖȱȱȱȱǯ RESERVE 1,000,000 (Joint 1,000,000) ¢ȱȱ ȱśȱ¢ȱ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Ukraine UKR GDP ǯȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢Dzȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱǯȱǻȱǯȱŗŜŞȮŝřǯǼ 44,291,413 Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 Male 7.2% 2.6% 3.3% 4.2% 23.4% 5.2% Female 6.8% 2.4% 3.2% 4.1% 26.9% 10.7% 30–64 65 plus Capabilities ȱŘŖŗŚǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǯȱȬȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȁ ȱȂȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȬȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǰȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ Army 64,000 ȱȱȱȱȱŞȱ¢ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǯ FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND ŗȱȱ SPECIAL FORCES Řȱȱ MANOEUVRE Armoured Řȱȱ Mechanised şȱȱ ŗȱȱ Aviation Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT Řȱ¢ȱ řȱȱ ŗȱȱ řȱȱ Śȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Śȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱŝŖŖȱȬŜŚȦDzȱǻŗŖȱȬŞŚȱOplot; ŗŜśȱȬŞŖDzȱŜŖŖȱȬŝŘDzȱ ŜśŖȱȬŜŚDzȱŘŖȱȬśśȱȱȱǼȱ RECCEȱŚśŖȱȬŘȱ AIFVȱŗǰŘŚşDZ ŗśȱȬŗǰȱŗśȱȬŘDzȱŘŖŖȱȬŗDzȱşŖŖȱȬŘDzȱ ŚȱȬřDzȱŗŗśȱȬŗȱ APCȱŚşŖȱ APC (T)ȱŗśȱȬȱ APC (W)ȱřŜŖDZȱȱȱŗŖȱȬŚDzȱśȱȬŜŖDzȱŘřśȱȬŝŖDzȱŗŗŖȱ ȬŞŖȱȱ ARTYȱŗǰŞŜŘ SPȱśŘŞƸDZ 122mmȱŘŚŖȱŘŗDz 152mmȱŘŞŞDZȱřśȱŘŗşȱFarmDzȱŘřśȱ ŘřDzȱŗŞȱŘśDz 203mmȱŘŝȱǻȱȱşŖȱȱǼ TOWEDȱśŗśDZ 122mmȱŝśȱȬřŖDzȱ152mmȱŚŚŖDZȱŗŞŖȱŘřŜDzȱ ŗřŖȱŘŜśDzȱŗřŖȱȬŘŖ GUN/MOR • 120mm • TOWEDȱŘȱŘŗŜȱȬ MRLȱřŚŞDZ 122mmȱŘŖřDZȱŗŞȱşŗřŞDzȱŗŞśȱȬŘŗDzȱ220mmȱŝŖȱ şŗŚŖȱUraganDz 300mmȱŝśȱşśŘȱSmerch MOR 120mmȱŘŘŖDZȱŗşŖȱŘŗŘDzȱřŖȱȬřŞȱ AT MSL • MANPATS şŗŗŗȱFagot ǻȬŚȱSpigotǼDzȱşŗŗřȱ KonkursȱǻȬśȱSpandrelǼDzȱşŗŗŚȱShturmȱǻȬŜȱSpiralǼȱ GUNS 100mmȱΉśŖŖȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ HELICOPTERS ATKȱŗřŚȱȬŘŚȱHind TPT • MediumȱřŖȱȬŞȱHip AD SAM • SPȱşřśȱStrelaȬŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱGopherǼDzȱşřřȱOsaȱǻȬ ŞȱGeckoǼDzȱǻȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱGladiatorǼȱȱǼ GUNSȱŚŝŖ: SP 23mm ȬŘřȬŘDzȱ30mmȱŝŖȱŘŜ TOWED 57mmȱΉŚŖŖȱȬŜŖȱ RADAR • LAND Small FredȦSmall YawnȦȬŗŖȱBig Fredȱǻ¢Ǽ MSL • SSMȱŘŗŘDZȱśŖȱDzȱşŖȱTochka ǻȬŘŗȱScarabǼDzȱŝŘȱ Scud-B AEVȱśřȱȬŘDzȱȬ ARVȱȬŘDzȱȬŜŚDzȱȬśŚȦȬśś VLB ȬŘŖȱ Navy 7,000 (incl Naval Aviation and Naval Infantry) ȱȂȱ¡ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ŗ FRIGATES • FFHMȱŗȱHetman SagaidachnyȱǻȱKrivak Ǽȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱOsaȬȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱ Řȱȱśřřȱȱ ȱȬśřȱ ǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱǰȱ ǻ¢ȱŗȱȬŘŝȱHelixȱȱǼ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŝȱ CORVETTES • FSMȱ ŗȱ Grishaȱ ǻȦǼȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱOsaȬȱǻȬȬŚȱGeckoǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱȱ ȱȬŜŖȱ ǰȱŗȬŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ȱ PCFGMȱ Řȱ Tarantul ȱ ǻȱ MolnyaǼ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȬŗśȱȬȱǻȬȬŘȱStyxǼȱDzȱŗȱȱȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ȱ şřŘȱ StrelaȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ GrailǼDzȱ ŗȱ ŝŜȱ PHG ŘȱMatkaȱǻȱVekhrǼȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱȬŗśȱ TermitȬȦȱǻȬȬŘȦȱStyxǼȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ PCMTȱ ŗȱ Paukȱ ȱ ǻȱ Molnya Ǽȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ȱ şřŘȱ ȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ GrailǼȱ ǰȱŚȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŘȱȬŗŘŖŖǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ PBȱŗȱZhuk ǻȱGrifǼ MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURESȱŚ MHIȱŗȱYevgenyaȱǻȱKorundǼ MSOȱŗȱNatyaȱ ȱŘȱȱŗŘŖŖ MSCȱŘȱSonyaȱǻȱYakhontǼ AMPHIBIOUS LANDING SHIPS LSMȱŗȱPolnochnyȱȱǻ¢ȱŜȱDzȱŗŞŖȱǼȱ 201 LANDING CRAFT ř LCAC ŗȱ Pomornik (ZubrǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ şřŘȱ StrelaȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ GrailǼȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ǻ¢ȱŘřŖȱDzȱȱřȱȱȱŗŖȱȱǻǼǼ LCU Řȱ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT řŖ AG Ř AGI ŘȱMuna AGS ŗȱBiya AKLȱŗ AO ŘȱToplivo AWT ŗȱSudak AXL řȱPetrushka YDT ŗřDZȱŗȱYelvaDzȱŗŘȱ YTM Ř YTRȱŘȱPozharny YY ŗȱSokal Naval Aviation ε1,000 EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT ŗȱȱ ASWȱŗȱȬŗŘȱMail TPT • LightȱŘȱȬŘŜȱCurl HELICOPTERS ASWȱřȱȬŗŚȱHaze TPT • Medium ŗȱȬŘşȱHelix-B Naval Infantry Ή500 FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Light ŗȱȱ Air Forces 45,000 ¢ȱ ŚŖȱȦ¢ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER Śȱȱ ȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱȬŘŝȱFlanker FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer; ȬŘś Frogfoot ISR Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencer E* TRANSPORT řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚDzȱȬŘŜDzȱȬřŖDzȱȬŝŜȱCandidDzȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRAINING ȱȱ ȱȬřşȱAlbatros TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ȱȱ ȱȬŞDzȱȬşDzȱȱȬŘȱHoplite AIR DEFENCE ŗŗȱȦȱ ȱşřŝȱBukȬŗȱǻȬŗŗǼDzȱȬřŖŖȦȦȱ ǻȬŗŖǼ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŘŖŘȱȱ FTRȱŗŗŜDZȱŞŖȱȬŘşȱFulcrumDz řŜȱȬŘŝȱFlanker FGAȱřŚȱȬŘŚȱFencer ATK ŘşȱȬŘśȱFrogfoot ISR ŘśDZ ŘȱȬřŖȱClankDzȱŘřȱȬŘŚȱFencer E* TPTȱŚřDZȱHeavyȱŗŞȱȬŝŜȱCandidDz Light ŘśDZȱřȱȬŘŚȱCokeDzȱ ŘŖȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱŘȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRGȱřŝȱȬřşȱAlbatros Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 202 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 HELICOPTERS C2ȱŚȱȬş TPTȱřřDZȱMediumȱřŖȱȬŞȱHipDzȱLightȱřȱȱȬŘȱHoplite AD • SAM • SPȱřŘŘDZȱŘśŖȱȬřŖŖȦȦȱǻȬŗŖȱGrumbleǼDz ŝŘȱşřŝȱBukȬŗȱǻȬŗŗȱĚ¢Ǽ MSL ASMDZȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱKarenǼDzȱȬśşȱǻȬŗřȱKingboltǼDzȱȬ ŘşȱǻȬŗŚȱKedgeǼDz ARMDZ ȬśŞȱǻȬŗŗȱKilterǼDzȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŘȱKeglerǼDzȱ ȬŘŞȱǻȬşȱKyleǼ AAM • IR ȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱAphidǼDzȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱArcherǼȱ SARHȱȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱAlamoǼ Airborne Forces Ή5,500 FORCES BY ROLE: MANOEUVRE Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱ řȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIFVȱŝśDZȱřŖȱȬŗDzȱŚśȱȬŘ APCȱŗřŜ APC (T)ȱŘśȱȬ APC (W) ŗŗŗDZȱŗȱȬŜŖDzȱŗŗŖȱȬŞŖ ARTYȱŗŗŞ TOWED • 122mmȱśŚȱȬřŖ GUN/MOR • SP • 120mmȱŚŖȱŘşȱAnona MOR 120mmȱŘŚȱŘŗŘ Paramilitary National Guard Ή33,000 ¢ȱȱȱěDzȱŜȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Armoured ȱȱ Mechanised ȱȱ Light ȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBT ȬŜŚDzȱȬŝŘȱǻǼ AIFVȱȬřDzȱΉśŖȱȬŚ APC APC (W)ȱȬŝŖDzȱȬŞŖ PPVȱȱCougarDzȱȱSpartan Border Guard n.k. Maritime Border Guard ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ FORCES BY ROLE PATROL ŚȱǻĴǼȱ Řȱȱ MINE WARFARE ŗȱȱ TRANSPORT řȱ TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗȱȱ ŗȱǻ¡ȱǼȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTSȱŘŜ PCFTȱŜȱStenkaȱ ȱŚȱȱŚŖŜȱ PCTȱřȱPaukȱȱ ȱŚȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŘȱȬŗŘŖŖǰȱ ŗȱŝŜȱȱ PHTȱŗȱMuraveyȱ ȱŘȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ PBȱŗŘDZȱŗŗȱZhuk; ŗȱOrlan ǻȱȱȱ ȱǼ PBRȱŚȱShmel LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT • AGFȱŗ AIRCRAFT • TPT Medium ȬŞȱCampDzȱLight ȬŘŚȱ CokeDzȱȬŘŜȱCurlDzȱȬŝŘȱCoaler HELICOPTERS • ASWDZȱȬŘŝȱHelix ȱ Civil Defence Troops n.k. ǻ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǼȱ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Other Śȱ¢ȱ Śȱ¢ȱ DEPLOYMENT Legal provisions for foreign deployment: Constitution:ȱęȱȱǻŗşşŜǼ ęȱDZȱȁȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱǻŗśŗŞȬǰȱȱŘŖŖŖǼǯ Decision on deployment of troops abroad:ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱǻǯȱŞśǰȱȱŘřǼDzȱǰȱȱȱ ȱǯȱŝȱȱȱęȱȱǻǼǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ AFGHANISTAN NATO ȊȱȱŗŖ ARMENIA/AZERBAIJAN OSCE Ȋȱȱȱŗ CÔTE D’IVOIRE UN ȊȱȱŚŖDzȱŗȱȱĚ CYPRUS UN ȊȱȱŘ DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO UN ȊȱȱŘśŚDzȱŗŖȱDzȱŘȱȱȱDzȱŗȱȱȱ LIBERIA UN ȊȱȱŗŝŝDzȱŘȱDzȱŗȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia MOLDOVA ŗŖȱ TERRITORY WHERE THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT EXERCISE EFFECTIVE CONTROL SERBIA NATO ȊȱȱŘś OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ UN ȊȱȱŘȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȂȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǯ SUDAN UN ȊȱȱŘDzȱŚȱ FOREIGN FORCES Albania ȱŘ Armenia ȱŘ Austria ȱŝ Belarus ȱŗ Belgium ȱř Bosnia-Herzegovinaȱȱř BulgariaȱȱŞ Canadaȱȱś CroatiaȱȱŚ Czech Republic ȱş Denmarkȱȱş Estonia ȱŝ FinlandȱȱŘŗ FranceȱȱŗŘ Georgiaȱȱŗ GermanyȱȱŘŗ Greece ȱŗ HungaryȱȱŗŞ IrelandȱȱŚ Italyȱȱŗř Kyrgyzstan ȱŚ Latviaȱȱś LithuaniaȱȱŘ Macedonia (FYROM) ȱŗ Moldova ȱş Montenegroȱȱŗ Netherlands ȱŜ Norwayȱȱŝ Poland ȱŗŘ RomaniaȱȱŗŚ RussiaȱȱŗŜ SlovakiaȱŚ Sloveniaȱŗ SpainȱȱŞ Swedenȱȱş ĵȱȱş Tajikistan ȱŗ TurkeyȱȱŜ United Kingdomȱȱŗś United States ȱŘŞ FOREIGN FORCES Russia DZȱŘŖǰŖŖŖDzȱŘȱȱȱDzȱŗȱ¢ȱDzȱŞŖȱ ȬŘDzȱŘŖȱȬŞŖDzȱŗśŖȱȬDzȱŗŞȱŘŗȱ¢DzȱŗŘȱȬŘŗȱ Dzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖDzȱŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱ BastionDzȱŗȱȱ ȱȱȱDzȱŘȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǻDneprȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱ (Dneprȱ¢Ǽ ȦDZȱřŖŖƸȱǻǼ Uzbekistan UZB Uzbekistani Som s 2013 2014 s 119tr 142tr US$ 56.8bn 63.1bn 2,061 GDP US$ 1,878 Growth % 8.0 7.0 Inflation % 11.2 10.0 per capita Def exp FMA (US) s ε3.33tr US$ ε1.59bn US$ 2.7m 1.2m 2,094.66 2,249.76 US$1=s Population 2015 0.7m 28,929,716 Ethnic groups: Uzbek 73%; Russian 6%; Tajik 5%; Kazakh 4%; Karakalpak 2%; Tatar 2%; Korean <1%; Ukrainian <1% Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 Male 12.8% 5.0% 5.4% 5.3% 19.3% 2.0% Female 12.1% 4.8% 5.4% 5.2% 20.0% 2.7% 30–64 65 plus Capabilities £Ȃȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱDZȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȬȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŘŖŗŘǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ £Ȃȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ £ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¡Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱȱ Russia and Eurasia SOUTH SUDAN UN ȊȱȱŗDzȱřȱ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 203 204 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 ¢ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǯ ACTIVE 48,000 (Army 24,500 Air 7,500 Joint 16,000) Paramilitary 20,000 Conscript liability ŗŘȱ Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Army 24,500 ŚȱȱDzȱŘȱȱDzȱŗȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ MANOEUVRE Armoured ŗȱȱ Mechanised ŗŗȱȱ Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱȱ ŗȱȱ Mountain ŗȱȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MBTȱřŚŖDZȱŝŖȱȬŝŘDzȱŗŖŖȱȬŜŚDzȱŗŝŖȱȬŜŘȱȱ RECCEȱŗşDZȱŗřȱȬŘDzȱŜȱ AIFVȱřşşDZ ŗŘŖȱȬŗDzȱşȱȬŘDzȱŘŝŖȱȬŘ APCȱřŖşȱ APC (T)ȱśŖȱȬȱ APC (W)ȱŘśşDZȱŘŚȱȬŜŖDzȱŘśȱȬŝŖDzȱŘŗŖȱȬŞŖȱ ARTYȱŚŞŝƸȱ SPȱŞřƸDZ 122mmȱŗŞȱŘŗDz 152mmȱŗŝƸDZȱŗŝȱŘřDzȱŘśȱǻǼDzȱ 203mmȱŚŞȱŘŝȱ TOWEDȱŘŖŖDZȱ122mmȱŜŖȱȬřŖDzȱ152mm ŗŚŖȱŘřŜȱ GUN/MOR 120mmȱśŚȱŘşȱAnona MRLȱ ŗŖŞDZ 122mmȱ ŜŖDZȱ ŘŚȱ şŗřŞDzȱ řŜȱ ȬŘŗDzȱ 220mmȱ ŚŞȱ şŗŚŖȱUragan MOR 120mmȱŚŘDZȱśȱŘŗŗDzȱŗşȱŘŗŘDzȱŗŞȱȬŗŘŖȱ AT • MSL • MANPATS şŗŗȱ Malyutkaȱ ǻȬř SaggerǼDzȱ şŗŗŗȱFagotȱǻȬŚ SpigotǼȱ GUNS 100mmȱřŜȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ Air Force 7,500 FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘşȦȬŘşȱFulcrumDzȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱFencerDzȱȬŘŚȱFencer Ș GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱFrogfootDzȱȬŗŝȱǻȬŗŝǼȱ ĴȱDzȱȬŗŝȬřȱǻȬŗŝǼȱĴȱ ELINT/TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱCubDzȱȬŘŜȦȬŘŜȱCurl TRANSPORT ȱȱ ȱȬŘŚ CokeDzȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRAINING ȱȱ ȱȬřşȱAlbatros ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱHindDzȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱȬŞȱHipDzȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŜȱHookDzȱȬŜȱHook C EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFTȱŗřśȱȱ FTRȱřŖȱȬŘşȦȬŘşȱFulcrum FGA ŝŚDZȱŘŜȱȬŗŝȱǻȬŗŝǼȦȬŗŝȬřȱǻȬŗŝǼȱ ĴȱȦDzȱŘřȱȬŘŚȱFencer; ŘśȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱFlanker ATK ŘŖȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱFrogfoot EW/Tpt ŘŜȱȬŗŘȱCubȱǻȱǼȦȬŗŘȱCub ǻǼ ELINTȱŗŗȱȬŘŚȱFencer Ș ELINT/Tpt ŗřȱȬŘŜȱCurlȱǻȱǼȦȬŘŜȱCurlȱǻǼȱ TPT • LightȱŘDZȱŗȱȬŘŚȱCoke; ŗȱȬŗřŚȱCrusty TRGȱśȱȬřşȱAlbatrosȱǻşȱȱȱǼ HELICOPTERS ATKȱŘşȱȬŘŚȱHind C2ȱŘȱȬŜȱHook C TPTȱŝşȱHeavyȱŘŝDZȱŘŜȱȬŜȱHookDzȱŗȱȬŘŜȱHaloDzȱMedium śŘȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAMȱŚśȱ TOWED ȬŝśȱDvina ǻȬŘȱGuidelineǼDzȱȬŗŘśȱPechoraȱǻȬřȱ GoaǼ STATICȱȬŘŖŖȱAngaraȱǻȬśȱGammonǼ MSL ASMȱȬŘřȱǻȬŝȱKerryǼDzȱȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱKarenǼ ARMȱ ȬŘśȱ ǻȬŗŘȱ KeglerǼDzȱ ȬŘŞȱ ǻȬşȱ KyleǼDzȱ ȬśŞȱ ǻȬŗŗȱKilterǼ AAM • IR ȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱAphidǼDzȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱArcherǼDzȱIR/ SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱAlamoǼȱ Paramilitary up to 20,000 Internal Security Troops up to 19,000 ¢ȱȱ National Guard 1,000 ¢ȱȱ FOREIGN FORCES Germany ŗŖŖDzȱȱȬŗŜŖȱTransall Russia and Eurasia 205 Table 5 Selected Arms Procurements and Deliveries, Russia and Eurasia Type Quantity (Current) Contract Value Prime Prime Nationality Contractor Order Date First Delivery Due Notes T-90S MBT 100 n.k. RUS UKBTM 2013 2013 Deliveries ongoing Sa’ar 62 OPV PSO 6 n.k. ISR Israel Shipyards 2014 n.k. For Coast Guard SAM 16 Free transfer RUS Government surplus 2014 n.k. Donation of four batteries Designation Azerbaijan (AZE) Belarus (BLR) Kazakhstan (KAZ) BTR-82A AIFV 190 n.k. RUS VPK 2011 2011 Deliveries ongoing C-295M Lt tpt ac 2 n.k. Int’l Airbus Group 2013 (Airbus Defence & Space) 2014 Follow-on to original 2012 order. Part of an eight ac MoU. First ac in test Bulava (SSN-X-32) SLBM n.k. n.k. RUS MITT n.k. 2009 In development. For Borey-class SSBNs T-72B3 MBT n.k. upgrade n.k. RUS UKBTM n.k. 2013 Upgrade of existing T-72 fleet. First delivered to Western Military District in 2013 Armata AFV n.k. n.k. RUS UKBTM 2014 2015 Heavy tracked universal combat platform programme. Serial production scheduled to commence 2016 Kurganets-25 AFV n.k. n.k. RUS KMZ 2014 2015 Medium tracked universal combat platform programme. Serial production scheduled to commence 2016 Bumerang AFV n.k. n.k. RUS VPK 2014 2015 Medium wheeled universal combat platform programme BTR-82A AIFV n.k. n.k. RUS VPK n.k. 2011 Improved BTR-80A series; first production models delivered to Southern Military District in 2011 Borey-class SSBN 3 n.k. RUS Sevmash Shipyard 1996 2012 Second vessel commissioned Dec 2013. Third in sea trials. 16 SLBM launch tubes Borey-A-class SSBN 5 n.k. RUS Sevmash Shipyard 2012 2015 Two vessels laid down so far. Pricing dispute continues and will be reviewed in 2015 Yasen-class SSN 5 n.k. RUS Sevmash Shipyard 1993 2013 First vessel commissioned Dec 2013. Delayed for financial reasons. Fourth laid down May 2014 Varshavyankaclass (Kilo) SSK 6 n.k. RUS Admiralty Shipyards 2010 2014 First vessel commissioned Aug 2014. Fifth and sixth laid down late Oct 2014 Lada-class SSK 3 n.k. RUS Admiralty Shipyards 1997 2010 First vessel accepted in 2010. Construction on further two boats suspended in 2011 but resumed in 2012/13 Admiral FFGHM Gorshkov-class 6 US$400m RUS Severnaya Verf 2005 Shipyard 2014 First vessel in trials as of late 2014 FFGHM 6 n.k. RUS Severnaya Verf Shipyard/ Komosololsk Shipyard 2008 Third vessel delivered to Baltic Fleet May 2013; fourth vessel delivered Jun 2014. Two more in build for Pacific Fleet Russia (RUS) Steregushchiyclass 2001 Russia and Eurasia Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 S-300PM 206 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015 Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Table 5 Selected Arms Procurements and Deliveries, Russia and Eurasia Designation Type Quantity (Current) Contract Value Prime Prime Nationality Contractor Improved Steregushchiyclass FFGHM 2 n.k. RUS Admiral FFGHM Grigorovichclass (Krivak IV) 6 n.k. Order Date First Delivery Due Notes Severnaya Verf 2011 Shipyard 2015 First of class laid down Feb 2012. Second of class laid down Jul 2013 RUS Yantar Shipyard 2010 2014 Six vessels in build for Black Sea Fleet. First vessel launched Mar 2014. ISD expected Nov 2014 Buyan-M-class FSG 12 n.k. RUS Zelenodolsk Shipyard 2010 2014 Nine for Caspian Flotilla and three for Black Sea Fleet. First vessels commissioned Jul 2014 Vladivostokclass (Mistral) LHD 2 US$1.2bn FRA DCNS/STX 2011 n.k. Contract suspended by France Sep 2014 citing Russian actions in Ukraine Tu-160 Blackjack Bbr ac 15 upgrade n.k. RUS UAC 2007 2012 Upgrade of Blackjack fleet, programme lagging behind original schedule MiG-29K Fulcrum D Ftr ac 24 n.k. RUS UAC (MiG) 2012 2013 20 MiG-29K and four MiG29KUB. For navy. Deliveries ongoing MiG-29SMT Fulcrum FGA ac 16 R17bn (US$470m) RUS UAC (MiG) 2014 2015 Eight to be delivered in 2015 and remainder in 2016 Su-30M2 FGA ac 16 n.k. RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2012 2014 Deliveries ongoing Su-30SM FGA ac 72 n.k. RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2012 2012 Twelve for navy and 60 for air force. Deliveries under way Su-34 Fullback FGA ac 60 n.k. RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2012 2014 Deliveries ongoing Su-35S Flanker FGA ac 48 See notes RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2009 2012 Part of combined order for 48 Su-35S, 12 Su-27SM3 and four Su-30 worth US$2.5bn. Deliveries ongoing Il-76MD-90A Hvy tpt ac 39 US$4bn RUS Aviastar-SP 2012 2014 First ac rolled out Jun 2014; delivery due by end of 2014 Ka-52 Hokum B Atk hel 140 US$4bn RUS Russian Helicopters (Kamov) 2011 2011 Deliveries ongoing Mi-28N Havoc 30 n.k. RUS Russian Helicopters (Rostvertol) 2010 2013 Follow-up to 2005 order for 67. Deliveries ongoing Mi-8AMTSh Hip Med tpt hel 172 n.k. Rus Russian Helicopters (Ulan-Ude) 2010 2010 Deliveries began in late 2010 and are ongoing Mi-8MTV-5 Hip Med tpt hel 140 n.k. RUS Russian Helicopters (Kazan) 2011 2014 First batch delivered Oct 2014 Tor-M2 (SA-15 Gauntlet) SAM n.k. n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey n.k. n.k. Deliveries ongoing Buk-M2 (SA-17 SAM Grizzly) n.k. n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey n.k. n.k. One bde set delivered. May be succeeded by Buk-M3 S-400 Triumf SAM (SA-21 Growler) 18 n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey n.k. 2007 Seventh regt deployed 2014 S-300V4 (SA-23 SAM Gladiator/Giant) 12 n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey 2012 n.k. Three battalion sets 96K6 Pantsir-S1 AD n.k. n.k. RUS KBP Instrument n.k. Design Bureau 2010 Delivery in progress to S-400 regiments 9K720 Iskander SRBM/ LACM n.k. n.k. RUS KBM 2005 2006 Ballistic and cruise missile variants. In service with four brigades by late 2014 APC (W) 194 n.k. UKR KMDB 2014 2014 Being delivered to nationalguard units Atk hel Ukraine (UKR) BTR-4
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