Macbeth GIUSEPPE VERDI September 17 – October 16, 2016 New production made possible by generous gifts from the Milan Panic Family, Barbara Augusta Teichert and The Blue Ribbon. Additional generous support from Joyce and Aubrey Chernick. The Source TED HEARNE October 19 – 23, 2016, at REDCAT Support provided by donors to LA Opera’s Contemporary Opera Initiative. Nosferatu MATTHEW AUCOIN October 29 – 31, 2016, at the Theatre at Ace Hotel Akhnaten PHILIP GLASS November 5 – 27, 2016 Production made possible by a generous gift from Ceil and Michael Pulitzer. Additional support provided by donors to LA Opera’s Contemporary Opera Initiative. Wonderful Town LEONARD BERNSTEIN December 2 – 4, 2016 The Abduction from the Seraglio WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART January 28 – February 19, 2017 Production made possible by generous support from the Carol and Warner Henry Production Fund for Mozart Operas. Underwriting support from the Jane and Peter Hemmings Production Fund, a gift from the Flora L. Thornton Trust. Salome RICHARD STRAUSS February 18 – March 19, 2017 Production made possible by generous support from Gregory Annenberg Weingarten and Family, Annenberg Foundation. The Tales of Hoffmann JACQUES OFFENBACH March 25 – April 15, 2017 Production made possible by generous support from the Lloyd E. Rigler – Lawrence E. Deutsch Foundation. Tosca GIACOMO PUCCINI April 22 – May 13, 2017 Production made possible by generous support from the Seaver Endowment. Noah’s Flood BENJAMIN BRITTEN May 6, 2017, at the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels Thumbprint KAMALA SANKARAM June 15 – 18, 2017, at REDCAT Support provided by donors to LA Opera’s Contemporary Opera Initiative. OFFICIAL TIMEPIECE OF LA OPERA PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P1 DONOR RECOGNITION 25th Anniversary Angels LA Opera wishes to recognize and thank those who made extraordinary leadership commitments in honor of the company’s 25th Anniversary Season. Following the tradition established by previous Angel campaigns (listed on page P13), the support of the 25th Anniversary Angels ensures LA Opera’s continued artistic excellence and prominence in the worldwide cultural community. Sebastian Paul and Marybelle Musco The Seaver Family Marc and Eva Stern Foundation The Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation Colburn Foundation County of Los Angeles Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation Carol and Warner Henry Alfred and Claude Mann Flora L. Thornton Marilyn Ziering Mr. Harold Alden and Dr. Geraldine Alden The Annenberg Foundation Ambassador Frank and Kathy Baxter The Blue Ribbon Alex Bouzari Robert Day Dunard Fund USA Malsi Doyle and Michael Forman Brindell Roberts Gottlieb The Green Foundation Bernard and Lenore Greenberg, in honor of Leonard Green LGHG Foundation Rosemary and Milton Okun The Milan Panic Family Ceil and Michael E. Pulitzer Lloyd E. Rigler - Lawrence E. Deutsch Foundation Ronus Foundation Eugene and Marilyn Stein Christopher V. Walker Lenore and Richard Wayne Ziering Family Foundation Selim K. Zilkha and Mary Hayley / Selim K. Zilkha Foundation P2 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE PROGRAM PLÁCIDO DOMINGO, ELI AND EDYTHE BROAD GENERAL DIRECTOR JAMES CONLON, RICHARD SEAVER MUSIC DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER KOELSCH, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PRESENTS GIUSEPPE VERDI Macbeth Libretto by Francesco Maria Piave and Andrea Maffei, based on the tragedy by William Shakespeare CREATIVE TEAM CAST PRODUCTION NOTES MACBETH, a general in Duncan’s army Plácido Domingo The running time is approximately three hours, including one intermission. Darko Tresnjak LADY MACBETH Ekaterina Semenchuk Flames and atmospheric fog and haze are used in this performance. CO-SCENIC DESIGNERS BANQUO, a general in Duncan’s army Roberto Tagliavini Ildebrando D’Arcangelo Supertitles written by Christopher Bergen. CONDUCTOR James Conlon DIRECTOR Colin McGurk* Darko Tresnjak COSTUME DESIGNER Suttirat Anne Larlarb* (OCT 13, 16) MACDUFF, Thane of Fife Arturo Chacón-Cruz (SEP 17-25) Joshua Guerrero‡ LIGHTING DESIGNER (OCT 5-16) Matthew Richards* Pre-performance talks by James Conlon. Preperformance talks are generously sponsored by the Flora L. Thornton Foundation and the Opera League of Los Angeles. (There is no pre-performance talk on September 17.) MALCOLM, son of Duncan Josh Wheeker*† LADY-IN-WAITING Summer Hassan† DOCTOR / FIRST APPARITION Theo Hoffman*† Scenery and props constructed by Studio Sereno, Los Angeles. Costumes constructed by the Los Angeles Opera Costume Shop. Puppet heads sculpted by Michelle Millay. Wigs constructed by the Los Angeles Opera Wig and Make-Up Department. SECOND APPARITION Liv Redpath*† * LA Opera debut THIRD APPARITION Isaiah Morgan † Member of the Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program VALET Reid Bruton Christopher Allen‡ ASSASSIN James Martin Schaefer ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ARTISTS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. PROJECTION DESIGN Sean Nieuwenhuis* CHORUS DIRECTOR Grant Gershon FIGHT DIRECTOR Steve Rankin* CLIMBING CONSULTANT Daniel Lyons* ASSOCIATE CONDUCTOR Erik Friedman STAGE MANAGER Barbara Donner SUPPORT HEAD PIANIST / PROMPTER Production made possible by generous gifts from Nino Sanikidze MUSICAL PREPARATION Milena GligiㆠMiah Im Susanna Lemberskaya The Milan Panic Family Barbara Augusta Teichert The Blue Ribbon Additional generous support provided by Joyce and Aubrey Chernick ‡ Alumnus of the Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program Please refrain from talking during the performance, and turn off all cell phones, electronic devices and watch alarms. If you are using an assistive hearing device, or are attending with someone who is, please make sure that it is set to an appropriate level to avoid distracting audio feedback. Latecomers will be seated at the discretion of the house management. Members of the audience who leave during the performance will not be shown back into the theater until the next intermission. The use of cameras and recording equipment is strictly prohibited. Your use of a ticket acknowledges your willingness to appear in photographs taken in public areas of the Music Center and releases the Center and its lessees and others from liability resulting from use of such photographs. Any microphones onstage are used for recording or broadcast purposes only; onstage voices are not amplified. PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P3 SYNOPSIS ACT ONE Macbeth and Banquo, generals in the army of King Duncan of Scotland, encounter a band of witches, who hail Macbeth as Thane of Cawdor and as future king, and hail Banquo as father of kings thereafter. Messengers from Duncan approach, proclaiming Macbeth the new Thane of Cawdor, thus fulfilling the first prophecy. Amazed at this turn of events, Macbeth muses on his chances of achieving his ambition to be king (“Due vaticini compiuti”). Lady Macbeth reads a letter from her husband describing his meeting with the witches. Exulting in the prospect of power (“Vieni, t’affretta!”), she vows to add her own cunning and boldness to Macbeth’s ambition. When a servant brings word that the king will spend that night in the castle, she invokes powers of darkness to aid her aims. Macbeth enters, and his wife persuades him to murder Duncan that night. Duncan arrives, retiring at once. Macbeth, dreading his task, imagines a dagger before his eyes (“Mi si affaccia un pugnal?”). As a night bell sounds, he steals into the royal chamber, returning shortly afterward to tell Lady Macbeth that the deed is done. Taking the dagger from his hands, she coolly goes to smear blood on the sleeping royal guards, thus incriminating them. There is a knock at the gate, and the couple withdraws. Macduff and Banquo enter, discover the murder and awaken the court. Led by the hypocritical couple, the assembled crowd invokes God’s vengeance. ACT TWO Macbeth is now king. Duncan’s son Malcolm, whom many suspect of his father’s murder, has fled to England. Macbeth and his wife plot the murder of Banquo and his son, lest the latter gain the crown as the witches prophesied. After her husband leaves, Lady Macbeth reaffirms their pursuit of power (“La luce langue”). A group of assassins awaits Banquo. Troubled by a foreboding of evil (“Come dal ciel precipita”), he is set upon and killed, but his son Fleance escapes. At a state banquet, Lady Macbeth toasts her guests in a drinking song (“Si colmi il calice”). Macbeth is secretly informed that Banquo’s murder has been accomplished. When he suddenly sees the general’s ghost, his horrified reaction astonishes his guests. Lady Macbeth chides her husband, who momentarily regains his calm as she sings a reprise of the drinking song. But the bloody specter continues to haunt him, and the guests notice his guilty behavior. I N TER M I SSI ON ACT THREE Macbeth visits the witches to learn his fate. At his insistence, they conjure up a series of three apparitions. The first, a warrior, tells him to beware Macduff; the second, a bloody child, assures him that no man born of woman can harm him; finally, a crowned child reveals that he will rule invincible until Birnham Wood marches against him. Somewhat reassured, Macbeth asks the witches if Banquo’s sons will ever reign in Scotland; in reply, they invoke a procession of future kings, followed by Banquo. As Macbeth faints in dread, the witches disappear. Lady Macbeth finds him; together they vow to kill all of their enemies. ACT FOUR Near Birnham Wood, a band of Scottish refugees bewails its oppressed homeland, caught in the grip of Macbeth’s tyranny. Macduff joins them, grieving over his wife and children, murdered on Macbeth’s orders (“Ah, la paterna mano”). Duncan’s son Malcolm arrives at the head of an English army. Determined to liberate Scotland from tyranny, Malcolm instructs the soldiers to cut branches from the forest as camouflage for an attack on Costume design by Suttirat Anne Larlarb for Lady Macbeth. Macbeth’s castle. Malcolm and Macduff unite with the crowd in a call to arms. A doctor and lady-in-waiting observe the guilt-wracked Lady Macbeth as she wanders the castle in her sleep, wiping imaginary blood from her hands (“Una macchia è qui tuttora”). During the siege of the castle, Macbeth clings to the hope he can withstand the forces of Malcolm and Macduff, but he is soul-weary and curses his fate (“Pietà, rispetto, amore”). Word of his wife’s death reaches him. Messengers bring the astounding news that Birnam Wood seems to be advancing upon them. Macbeth leads his men to battle. Macduff seeks out Macbeth and, crying that he was not born of woman but torn prematurely from his mother’s womb, fights the tyrant. Macbeth falls, mortally wounded (“Mal per me che m’affidai”). Rejoicing, the army and assembled populace hail Malcolm, Duncan’s rightful successor, as their new king. In fond memory of Tara Colburn, supertitles are underwritten by Dunard Fund USA. P4 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE A NOTE FROM MUSIC DIRECTOR JAMES CONLON Why Verdi’s Macbeth is Important In 1847, Giuseppe Verdi stood the world of Italian opera on its head with his tenth opera. In writing Macbeth, he made a major leap into the future—his future, Italian opera’s future, our future. It would take half a century for the logical consequence of Macbeth to be fully drawn, and another 50 or 60 years before its significance was fully recognized. With this opera, Verdi began the long process of dismantling the forms he inherited from Rossini and the bel canto period. In so doing, he irrevocably transformed Italian opera. Dramatic coherence became dominant. It is in Macbeth that he stipulates, with an insistence and virulence beyond what he had demonstrated in the past, what the singers must do to serve the drama. The opera is not a series of formulaic scenes designed to showcase the vocal prowess of the performers, but a concentrated distillation of the dramatic essence. As he instructed baritone Felice Varesi, his first Macbeth: “I will not cease to recommend that you study the dramatic situations and the words: the music will follow on its own.” Verdi articulated an attitude that was fundamentally contradictory to all of the contemporary tenets of bel canto. He admired soprano Eugenia Tadolini, the proposed prima donna for a revival in Naples, but he wrote that her qualities were “too great for this role… [She] is a fine figure of a woman, and I would like Lady Macbeth to look ugly and malignant. [She] sings to perfection and I would rather that Lady didn’t sing at all…I would rather the voice were rough, hollow, stifled. [Her] voice has something angelic in it. Lady’s should have something devilish…there are two chief pieces in the opera, the duet between Lady and her husband and the sleepwalking scene, and these pieces must not be sung at all—they must be acted and declaimed in a voice that is hollow and veiled.” No doubt there is some exaggeration and hyperbole in these instructions, but it was meant to be a potent antidote for the self-absorption and excessive vanity of the typical singer of that time as well as an indication of the path that he—and his singers—would follow. Compared to Otello and Falstaff— Verdi’s late-career masterpieces, similarly drawn from Shakespeare—his Macbeth seems less consequential. But that is only because we judge it by the measure of a standard set by the composer himself. Viewed in comparison with the composer’s contemporaries, and with many of his owns works of the period, it looms large. Had Verdi died or ceased to compose after Macbeth, it would stand today as a towering work of the Italian repertoire. in detail is beyond the scope of this essay. But here’s one major innovation that exemplifies the radical nature of his vision: Macbeth is a loveless opera. George Bernard Shaw’s adage that “Italian Romantic operas are about a tenor and a soprano who want to make love, and a baritone who won’t let them” is utterly unseated. There is, in fact, no antagonist. The only desire expressed in this opera is the desire for power. There is no battle of equals, only an inner con- “Be guided by this, there are three roles in this opera and three roles only: Lady Macbeth, Macbeth and the chorus of the Witches.” –GIUSEPPE VERDI The composer has been accused of trivializing and simplifying Shakespeare’s original tragedy. In his defense, all composers have pillaged and plundered the great literary works as their muses dictated. But few composers did so with Verdi’s profound attachment and reverence. Literature, prose theater and opera are completely separate genres, each with its own rules, necessities and exigencies. An opera is a work of art in itself, which will sink or swim according to the composer’s ability to justify it on its own terms. It cannot be the original; it should be its own “original.” Verdi put it this way: “To copy reality is a good thing, but to invent reality is better, much better. A contradiction may seem to exist in these three words ‘to invent reality,’ but just ask Papa Shakespeare.” To show the many aspects of Verdi’s evolving musical and dramatic language flict with arrogance and insatiable ambition, and the corrupting lust for power. It has also been observed that Verdi’s opera is a tragedy for the royal couple, but a comedy for the witches. Throughout his life, Shakespeare loomed large for Verdi, who always kept a volume of the Bard’s works at his bedside. The composer created three operas based on his plays. He wrote Macbeth for Florence in 1847 and he revised the opera for Paris in 1865. Decades later, a venerable and venerated master, he wrote Otello (1887) and Falstaff (1893). Fascinatingly, another Shakespeare play haunted his mind for much of his life: King Lear. In 1865, Verdi had a complete libretto, but for a variety of reasons, he seems never to have gotten very far with the music. The prospect of a Verdi Re Lear remains perhaps the most tantalizing “what might have been” in the opera-loving world. PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P5 UNDERWRITER RECOGNITION The Milan Panic Family PHOTO BY STEVE COHN PHOTOGRAPHY LA Opera is grateful to the Milan Panic family for their generous production support of Macbeth. With a history of production sponsorship going back to the company’s 2002 production of The Girl of the Golden West, the Milan Panic family has sponsored last year’s season-opening production of Gianni Schicchi and Pagliacci, and earlier productions of La Damnation de Faust (2003), Eugene Onegin (2011), The Two Foscari (2012) and the world premiere production of Il Postino (2010). One of LA Opera’s most devoted supporters, Mr. Panic has not only underwritten opening night productions in 15 different seasons, he also recently joined the new 30th Anniversary Angels campaign with a special leadership gift. Elected to the board of directors in 2002, he currently serves as vice chairman, and has additionally been instrumental to the company as a generous contributor to the earlier 25th Anniversary, 20th Anniversary, and Domingo’s Angel campaigns. Mr. Panic is a committed philanthropist whose support includes LA Opera and many other performing arts organizations, including The Orange County Performing Arts Center and Opera Pacific, as well as museums, universities, and research programs, and international relief organizations for humanitarian aid. An entrepreneur, statesman, global businessman and former Olympic competitor in cycling, Mr. Panic is the founder and CEO of MP Biomedicals LLC and the former chairman, president and CEO of ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc. A native of Belgrade, Mr. Panic financed the inoculation of more than 200,000 children in Kosovo and helped his native land regain its sense of national pride when he received special permission from President George H. W. Bush to serve as prime minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1993. “I am deeply grateful to Milan Panic for his longtime commitment to LA Opera,” said Plácido Domingo. “He is a man of dedicated leadership and impassioned generosity, and he has truly been instrumental to the company’s growth and success.” P6 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE ARTISTS James Conlon CONDUCTOR From: New York City. LA Opera: debut conducting La Traviata (2006); 49 different mainstage operas and over 300 total performances to date. This season, he will also conduct The Abduction from the Seraglio, Salome and Tosca. He has been Richard Seaver Music Director since 2006. Career highlights: He has led virtually every major North American and European orchestra and over 270 performances at the Metropolitan Opera. This season, he became principal conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra of the RAI in Torino. He previously was music director of the Ravinia Festival, summer home of the Chicago Symphony (2005-2015), principal conductor of the Paris National Opera (1995-2004), general music director of the City of Cologne (1989-2002), music director of the Rotterdam Philharmonic (1983-91), and music director of the Cincinnati May Festival (1979-2016). He has two Grammy Awards and was awarded France’s Légion d’Honneur. (JamesConlon.com) Darko Tresnjak DIRECTOR From: Zemun, Serbia. LA Opera: The Broken Jug / The Dwarf (2008, debut), The Birds (2009), The Ghosts of Versailles (2015). Career highlights: Since 2011, he has been the artistic director of Hartford Stage, where he has directed many productions including A Gentleman’s Guide to Love & Murder, subsequently presented on Broadway (winning four 2014 Tony Awards, including Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical) and Anastasia, which will open on Broadway in 2017. He was the artistic director of the Old Globe Shakespeare Festival in San Diego from 2004 to 2009. His directing career began at the Williamstown Theatre Festival and he has also directed at the Joseph Papp Public Theater, Theatre for a New Audience, Oregon Shakespeare Festival, Chicago Shakespeare Theater, Vineyard Theatre Company and Blue Light Theater Company. From 2002 to 2004 he was director in residence at Boston’s Huntington Theatre Company. ARTISTS Colin McGurk Suttirat Anne Larlarb CO-SCENIC DESIGN COSTUME DESIGN From: New York City. LA Opera: debut. Career highlights: New York credits include Application Pending, Mother’s Day, Stilled, Iyom, Blood Privilege, Zelda at the Oasis and Rio. He has designed at the New London Barn Playhouse in New Hampshire, the Muhlenberg Summer Musical Theater in Pennsylvania and at the Shadowland Theatre in Ellenville, New York. MFA from UC San Diego, received his BA in theater from Lehigh University in 2006 where he returned as a design apprentice in 2007. He has exhibited his fine art in the U.S. and Italy, and his scenic design for The House of Bernarda Alba was exhibited at the Prague Quadrennial 2011. (makethespace.com) From: New York, via Los Angeles. LA Opera: debut. Career highlights: She is a frequent collaborator with Danny Boyle on projects for film, television and theater including the London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony (Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction), Slumdog Millionaire (Costume Designers’ Guild Award), 127 Hours (Art Directors Guild Award nom.) and Trance, Sunshine and Frankenstein at London’s National Theatre. Other films include The Walk directed by Robert Zemeckis and three films for directors Shari Springer-Berman and Bob Pulcini: 10,000 Saints, The Extra Man and Cinema Verite (Emmy nom.). Broadway credits include Finding Neverland, Of Mice and Men and Waitress. Matthew Richards Sean Nieuwenhuis LIGHTING DESIGN PROJECTION DESIGN From: New York City. LA Opera: debut. Career highlights: He made his Broadway debut with Holland Taylor’s 2013 Ann. Off-Broadway credits include A Funny Thing… (Manhattan Class Co.), Absolute Brightness of Leonard Pelkey (Westside Arts), Informed Consent (Primary Stages), Tamburlaine, The Killer (Theatre for a New Audience); and productions for Brooklyn Academy of Music, Lincoln Center, Playwrights Horizons and TheatreworksUSA. He has designed for Actors Theatre of Louisville, Arena Stage, Ford’s Theatre, The Goodman, Hartford Stage, The Huntington, La Jolla Playhouse, Long Wharf, The Old Globe, Shakespeare Theatre and Yale Repertory Theatre. (MatthewRichardsDesign.com) From: Vancouver, B.C. LA Opera: debut. Career highlights: His work on Broadway includes projection and video designs for the 2012 revival of Jesus Christ Superstar and the 2015 musical Doctor Zhivago. Other recent credits include Faust at the Metropolitan Opera, The Magic Flute for Vancouver Opera, Rear Window for Hartford Stage, Cabaret and Don Juan at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, The Manchurian Candidate for Minnesota Opera, the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games and a production of Nixon in China seen in San Francisco, Stockholm, Kansas City and Vancouver. He is the owner of Sensory Overload Productions. (SeanNieuwenhuis.com) Grant Gershon Steve Rankin CHORUS DIRECTOR FIGHT DIRECTOR From: Alhambra, California. LA Opera: Resident Conductor since 2012, he made his LAO conducting debut with La Traviata in 2009, followed by the world premiere of Il Postino in 2010. He has conducted nine productions to date, including, most recently, Gianni Schicchi (2015). This season he will conduct Wonderful Town and Tosca. Career highlights: La Bohème, La Traviata, Carmen and Madama Butterfly at Wolf Trap Opera with the National Symphony Orchestra, John Adams’ The Gospel According to the Other Mary at the Ravinia Festival, Vivaldi’s Griselda at the Santa Fe Opera, many appearances with the LA Philharmonic. He is Artistic Director of the Los Angeles Master Chorale, where he is now in his 16th season. He has led world premieres by John Adams, Steve Reich and Esa-Pekka Salonen, among others. From: Burbank. LA Opera: debut. Career highlights: Broadway: Memphis, Jersey Boys (worldwide), The Farnsworth Invention, Henry IV, Twelfth Night, Guys and Dolls, The Real Inspector Hound, Anna Christie, The Who’s Tommy. Metropolitan Opera: Rodelinda, Faust, Iphigénie en Tauride, Boris Godunov. Stratford Festival: Henry V, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Caesar and Cleopatra. He plays mandolin with The Susie Glaze New Folk Ensemble. Daniel Lyons CLIMBING CONSULTANT From: Los Angeles. LA Opera: debut. Career highlights: He competed at USA Climbing’s SCS National Championship. He is a production and development executive for film, television and stage at Holding Pictures and Treehouse Films in Santa Monica. He worked on the 2012 Broadway production of Bring It On: The Musical and the 2015 Hartford Stage production of Rear Window. PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P7 ARTISTS Plácido Domingo Roberto Tagliavini MACBETH BANQUO From: Madrid, Spain. LA Opera: debut as Otello (1986); 28 roles to date including, most recently, the title role in Gianni Schicchi (2015). He has conducted 22 LA Opera productions and will conduct The Tales of Hoffmann later this season. A vital presence in LA Opera from its birth, he served as Artistic Consultant (since 1984) and Artistic Director (2001-2003) before he was named Eli and Edythe Broad General Director in 2003. Career highlights: He has been at home on the world’s greatest stages for over half a century, with over 800 performances at the Metropolitan Opera. He has sung 147 roles and conducted more than 500 operatic and symphonic performances, and he is the recipient of 12 Grammy Awards. He is founder of the international vocal competition Operalia. His many singing engagements this season include Nabucco and La Traviata at the Met and Macbeth in Vienna, and he will conduct at The Met and in Vienna and St. Petersburg. (PlacidoDomingo.com) Ekaterina Semenchuk LADY MACBETH From: Saint Petersburg, Russia. LA Opera: Fricka in Die Walküre (2010, debut); Olga in Eugene Onegin (2011). Career highlights: A leading soloist of the Mariinsky Theater, she appears frequently in recital with Helmut Deutsch. She performs Amneris in the new Warner Classics recording of Aida with Anja Harteros, Jonas Kaufmann and Sir Antonio Pappano. Recent appearances include Marina in Boris Godunov at the Metropolitan Opera; Azucena in Il Trovatore and Lady Macbeth, with Plácido Domingo, in Valencia; Azucena at Covent Garden, Salzburg Festival, Paris Opera, La Scala and San Carlo; and Eboli in Don Carlo with Pappano at the Salzburg Festival, released on DVD. With Valery Gergiev, she performed Didon in Les Troyens at the Mariinsky Theater, Carnegie Hall, Edinburgh Festival and Tokyo’s Suntory Hall; Giovanna Seymour in Vienna, Amneris at La Scala and in San Carlo; and Carmen at Arena di Verona, released on DVD. This season’s engagements include Dalila at the Mariinsky, Amneris in San Francisco and Eboli at La Scala. P8 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE From: Parma, Italy. LA Opera: Figaro in The Marriage of Figaro (2015, debut). Career highlights: Earlier this year, he made his Metropolitan Opera debut as Colline in La Bohème. Other recent performances include Giorgio in I Puritani and Loredano in The Two Foscari in Madrid, Alidoro in La Cenerentola in Torino, Rossini’s Stabat Mater in Edinburgh; Elmiro in Rossini’s Otello, Le Gouverneur in Le Comte Ory, Lord Sidney in Il Viaggio a Reims and Ferrando in Il Trovatore at La Scala; and Don Basilio in The Barber of Seville and the King in Aida at the Arena di Verona. He has performed the title role of Maometto II in Rome, the title role of Attila in Verona, Berlin, St. Petersburg and Shanghai, and Lord Sidney in Amsterdam. This season, he performs the four Tales of Hoffmann villains, Alidoro and Escamillo in Carmen, all with Opéra National de Paris, and Zaccaria in Nabucco in Berlin and Vienna. Ildebrando D’Arcangelo BANQUO (OCT 13, 16) From: Pescara, Italy. LA Opera: Guglielmo in Così fan tutte (2011, debut), Don Giovanni (2013), Escamillo in Carmen (2013). Career highlights: He is particularly noted for his interpretations of Mozart’s Don Giovanni, Figaro and Leporello, and his repertoire also includes a vast selection of roles from the bel canto era and the baroque repertoire. He is a regular guest at La Scala, the Vienna State Opera, the Liceu in Barcelona, Covent Garden, the Opéra Bastille, Metropolitan Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago and the Salzburg Festival. This season’s engagements include Fiesco in Simon Boccanegra in Vienna, Banquo in Munich and Madrid, Méphistophélès in Faust in Berlin, Méphistophélès in La Damnation de Faust in Liège, Leporello in Dresden, Count Almaviva in The Marriage of Figaro in Berlin, and Don Giovanni in San Francisco. Arturo Chacón-Cruz MACDUFF (SEP 17-25) From: Sonora, Mexico. LA Opera: Verdi Requiem (2007), Rodolfo in La Bohème (2007, mainstage debut), Alfredo in La Traviata (2014), Arcadio in Florencia en el Amazonas (2014), Rinuccio in Gianni Schicchi (2015). Career highlights: Recent appearances include Werther in Budapest and Don José in Carmen in Zurich and Lyon. In 2014 he performed Jacopo Foscari in The Two Foscari opposite Plácido Domingo at Vienna’s Theater an der Wien. Other appearances include the Duke in Rigoletto in San Francisco, Hoffmann at La Scala and in Vienna, and many leading roles in Munich. He was a 2005 winner of Operalia. Later this season, he will perform Macduff in Vienna, Alfredo in La Traviata in Valencia and Rome, Faust in La Damnation de Faust at in Moscow, and Rodolfo in La Bohème in San Francisco. (ArturoChaconCruz.com) ARTISTS Joshua Guerrero Summer Hassan MACDUFF (OCT 5-16) LADY-IN-WAITING From: Los Angeles. LA Opera: Normanno in Lucia di Lammermoor (2014, debut); Steve in A Streetcar Named Desire (2014); Count Almaviva in The Ghosts of Versailles (2015), Greenhorn in Moby-Dick (2015). He is an alumnus of the Domingo-ColburnStein Young Artist Program. Career highlights: Later this season, he will reprise Macduff for his debut at the Zurich Opera. He will also debut at English National Opera as the Duke in Rigoletto. In concert, he will sing Haydn’s The Creation with Gustavo Dudamel and the LA Phil, and Beethoven’s 9th Symphony with Marin Alsop and the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Last season, he made his European operatic debut as Gabriele Adorno in Simon Boccanegra at Opéra National de Bordeaux, followed by Nemorino in The Elixir of Love at Seville’s Teatro de la Maestranza and Roméo in Roméo et Juliette at Santa Fe Opera. A 2014 Operalia winner, he is a 2016 recipient of the Richard Tucker Career Grant from the Richard Tucker Music Foundation. Josh Wheeker MALCOLM From: Kettering, Ohio. LA Opera: debut. He is a member of the Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program. Career highlights: A graduate of the University of Cincinnati’s College-Conservatory of Music, the tenor was a district winner of the 2013 and 2015 Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. He recently was a studio artist with Kentucky Opera, and he has also performed with Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, Des Moines Metro Opera, Dayton Opera and Opera Iowa. He has performed roles including Rinuccio in Gianni Schicchi, the School Master in The Cunning Little Vixen, Carlson in Of Mice and Men, Howard Boucher in Dead Man Walking and Nemorino in The Elixir of Love. Liv Redpath SECOND APPARITION From: Edina, Minnesota. LA Opera: debut. A member of the Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program, she will return in Akhnaten. Career highlights: In the summer of 2016, Ms. Redpath performed Echo in Ariadne auf Naxos with Opera Theatre of Saint Louis and Héro in Béatrice et Bénédict with Aspen Opera Center. She just finished studies for her Master of Music at The Juilliard School, where her roles included Thérèse in Les mamelles de Tirésias, the Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute, Barbarina in The Marriage of Figaro, and Diane in Iphigénie en Aulide with MET + Juilliard. She has spent summers with Wolf Trap Opera, Houston Grand Opera’s Young Artists Vocal Academy and Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. (LivRedpath.com) From: Raleigh, North Carolina. LA Opera: Second Lady in Dido and Aeneas (2014, debut), Ghost Quartet in The Ghosts of Versailles (2015); several roles in Hercules vs. Vampires (2015); Second Lady in The Magic Flute (2016). She is a member of the Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program and will return this season in Akhnaten. Career highlights: Her most recent appearances include Musetta in La Bohème with Wolf Trap Opera and a recital with Steven Blier at The Barns at Wolf Trap. Other engagements include her Carnegie Hall debut as the Second Niece in Peter Grimes with the St. Louis Symphony, as well as her debut with Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, where she was a Gerdine Young Artist, as the Second Lady in The Magic Flute. Theo Hoffman DOCTOR / FIRST APPARITION From: New York City. LA Opera: debut. A member of the Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program, the baritone will return this season in Salome and The Tales of Hoffmann. Career highlights: Last season, he performed Papageno in The Magic Flute and the Director in Les Mamelles de Tirésias at Juilliard, and he debuted with the Atlanta Opera as Schaunard in La Bohème. A regular performer with the New York Festival of Song, he made his professional debut with Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. He made his Carnegie Hall debut with the Cecilia Chorus of New York in Beethoven’s Choral Fantasy and appeared with the Portland Symphony Orchestra as the Jailer in Dialogues of the Carmelites. Isaiah Morgan THIRD APPARITION From: Los Angeles. LA Opera: Gherardino in Gianni Schicchi (2015, debut). Career highlights: He has worked with Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the film Summoned, appeared on television in Major Crimes and The Voice with contestant Hannah Kirby, worked with the Lythgoe family in holiday plays alongside Ben Vereen and Ariana Grande, has appeared in commercials and has been the face for Disney Store national campaigns. facebook.com/LAOpera STAY CONNECTED! instagram.com/LAOpera #LAOMacbeth #LAO30 twitter.com/LAOpera snapchat: @laopera youtube.com/LAOpera PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P9 ARTISTIC PERSONNEL LA OPERA CHORUS LA OPERA ORCHESTRA SOPRANO FIRST VIOLINS BASS TUBA Roberto Cani Frances Liu Wu James Self STUART CANIN CONCERTMASTER PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL Christina Borgioli Jamie Chamberlin Lisa Crave* Emma-Grace Dunbar Nicole Fernandes Terri Hill* Anna Schubert Renee Sousa* Lori Stinson Courtney Taylor Rebecca Tomlinson* Sunjoo Yeo Armen Anassian Natalie Beck** Aleta Braxton** Sara Campbell* Veronica Christenson* Michelle Fournier** Kelly Krantz Adriana Manfredi Julia Metzler Helene Quintana* Adrien Raynier** Bonnie Snell Schindler Jennifer Wallace** TENOR Stephen Arel** Daniel C. Babcock Omar Crook Adam Faruqi Arnold Livingston Geis James Guthrie Steven Harms John Kimberling* Charles Lane** Francis Lucaric** Sal Malaki** Mark David Miller** George Sterne** Todd Strange BASS Mark Beasom** Reid Bruton* Gregory Geiger* Michael Geiger* Abdiel Gonzalez Robert Hovencamp* Mark Kelley* David Kress* E. Scott Levin Gabriel Manro Garth Neustadter Steven Pence James Martin Schaefer Tim Smith** ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL ASSOCIATE CONCERTMASTER Lisa Sutton ASSISTANT CONCERTMASTER ALTO Don Ferrone Margaret Wooten Olivia Tsui Loránd Lokuszta Tina Chang Qu Radu Pieptea Tammy Hatwan Hana Kim Kathleen Sloan Elizabeth Hedman Tim Eckert James Bergman Geoff Osika Thomas Harte PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL Angela Wiegand, piccolo SECOND VIOLIN Ana Landauer PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL Jennifer Johnson, English horn CLARINET Stuart Clark Donald Foster BASSOON PRINCIPAL Tony Cronin (King Duncan) Pancho Cardeña Peter Wylie CHILD SUPERNUMERARIES Amelia Hemmings Hayden James Farrell-Katseanes P10 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE Isaiah Morgan (Fleance) Rowena Hammill ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL Dane Little Xiao-Dan Zheng Nadine Hall Trevor Handy Charlie Tyler Erin Breene CLARINETS Steve Piazza Laura Stoutenborough Josh Ranz PRINCIPAL Judith Farmer BASSOON HORN Bill Wood Andrew Klein Samantha Duckworth, contrabassoon PRINCIPAL CELLO Sarah Beck Michele Forrest PRINCIPAL Yi Zhou Karie Prescott Dmitri Bovaird Kate Vincent Alma Fernandez Gina Coletti Aaron Oltman BANDA OBOE ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL Florence Titmus Leslie Katz Michele Kikuchi Cynthia Moussas Jayme Miller Irina Voloshina Susan Rishik Shelly Shi John Wakefield Leslie Reed Marisa Sorajja John Walz SUPERNUMERARIES PERCUSSION Theresa Dimond ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL Sierra Puett Jean Michelle Sayeg (dance captain) Annie Sherman (swing) Yvette Tucker Gregory Goodall PRINCIPAL Andrew Picken Eboni Adams Lisa Gillespie Natalie Iscovich Nehara Kalev Sarah M. Moser Meredith Ostrowsky PRINCIPAL Heather Clark William May DANCERS JoAnn Turovsky TIMPANI FLUTE OBOE VIOLA * Has appeared in 50 or more productions ** Has appeared in 100 or more productions HARP Steven Becknell PRINCIPAL Daniel Kelley Jenny Kim ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL James Atkinson TRUMPET Ryan Darke PRINCIPAL David Washburn ASSOCIATE PRINCIPAL TROMBONE William Booth PRINCIPAL Alvin Veeh Terry Cravens, bass trombone HORN Kristy Morrell Nathan Campbell Stuart Canin Concertmaster Chair made possible by a deeply appreciated gift from Dunard Fund USA. PRODUCTION STAFF ASSISTANT LIGHTING DESIGNER Azra King-Abadi ASSOCIATE CHORUS MASTER Jeremy Frank ASSISTANT STAGE MANAGERS Lisa Kable-Blanchard Erin Thompson-Janszen STAGE MANAGEMENT INTERN Morgan Zupanski SUPERTITLE PREPARATION/CUER Linda Zoolalian WARDROBE Lee Smilek HEAD OF WARDROBE Mary Basile Charlyn Trenier WARDROBE ASSISTANTS Wendell Carmichael Rosendo Fuentes Shelley Graves-Jimenez Leslie Rehm Hunt Mary Lehman Deona Offield SEASONAL DRESSERS STUDIO TEACHER Marie Wilson-Rogers WIGS AND MAKE-UP COSTUME SHOP Darren K. Jinks WIGMASTER Heather Bair Maria De La Mora Raquel Bianchini ASSISTANT CUTTER/DRAPERS Randy Hozian FIRST HAND J. Christina Huh SECOND HAND Alexzandra Granath Gloria Guerrero Megan Millikin Blanca Miranda Hortencia Santos Anna Wong Rachel Young SEAMSTERS Laina Babb HEAD OF TAILORING Wing Cheung CHIEF TAILOR Rafael Avila Manuel Medina Robbie Monsod Rene Santos Identifying and encouraging talented young artists with enormous potential is essential to the future of opera. Since the company’s inception, LA Opera has been committed to nurturing a resident ensemble of young singers who would benefit from long-term professional development. The Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program, which builds on the success of the company’s earlier, highly respected Resident Artist Program, has the goal of developing the talents of exceptionally gifted young artists to become performers of potentially international stature, whose first loyalty would be to LA Opera. The Domingo-Colburn-Stein Young Artist Program is generously underwritten by the Colburn Foundation and Eugene and Marilyn Stein. Special support for young artist stipends is graciously provided by The Lenore and Richard Wayne Young Artist Fellowship. The program was created with funding from the Flora L. Thornton Foundation. ASSOCIATE WIGMASTER CUTTER/DRAPERS Florencia Carrizo Ademir Serrano THE DOMINGO-COLBURN-STEIN YOUNG ARTIST PROGRAM Brandi Strona 2016/17 PARTICIPANTS CREW FOREMAN Renee Horner Lisa Reitano Nicole Rodrigues Aurelia Andrews PIANIST Migran Agadzhanyan SENIOR WIG & MAKE-UP ARTISTS TENOR Linda Cardenas Nicholas Brownlee LEAD STYLIST BASS-BARITONE Milena Gligić PIANIST STAGE CREW Summer Hassan SOPRANO Harold E. Conroy OPERA CARPENTER Thomas Laurence Conroy ASSISTANT OPERA CARPENTER Steve Williams OPERA ELECTRICIAN Stan Williams OPERA ASSISTANT ELECTRICIAN Allen Tate OPERA PROPERTY MASTER Sheldon Ross Theo Hoffman BARITONE Brian Michael Moore TENOR Liv Redpath SOPRANO Carlos Enrique Santelli TENOR Michelle Siemens MEZZO-SOPRANO Josh Wheeker TAILORS ASSISTANT OPERA PROPERTY MASTER Meredith Miller Emily Smith Bryant Villasana Heather Orozco Kihun Yoon OPERA AUDIO ENGINEER BARITONE Elizabeth Zharoff CRAFTSPERSONS Misty Ayres Jeannique Prospere DOROTHY CHANDLER PAVILION HOUSE STAFF COSTUME DESIGN MANAGERS Timothy L. Conroy Julie Carr Learon Inbar COSTUME ASSISTANTS Darya Shkipina PRODUCTION ASSISTANT – BUYER Amanda-Sue Enloe PRODUCTION ASSISTANT - WAREHOUSE TENOR MASTER CARPENTER Gary Earl HOUSE HEAD ELECTRICIAN James Draper MASTER OF PROPERTIES Todd Reynolds HOUSE HEAD AUDIO Jim Payne HOUSE MANAGER Robert Devis Demetra Willis HEAD USHERS Carolyn Van Brunt VICE PRESIDENT OF GUEST SERVICES VARI*LITE AUTOMATED LIGHTING PROVIDED BY SOPRANO Special thanks to the staff of the Music Center. Directors, singers, choreographers, stage managers, ensemble members and assistant directors in this production are represented by the American Guild of Musical Artists. Orchestra musicians are represented by the American Federation of Musicians, Local 47. The following employees are represented by the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Machine Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States and Canada, AFL-CIO, CLC,: Stage Crew, Local 33; Treasurers and Ticket Sellers, Local 857; Wardrobe Crew, Local 768 ; Makeup Artists and Hair Stylists, Local 706. Interns in the Technical Department are students at California Institute of the Arts (Valencia, California). All editorial materials copyright Los Angeles Opera, 2016. The opinions expressed in this program do not necessarily represent those of Los Angeles Opera. Recorded welcome announcements voiced by Jamieson K. Price. Vari-Lite Inc. PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE P11 LA OPERA Plácido Domingo Alisa Lapidus Molly Trainor ELI AND EDYTHE BROAD GENERAL DIRECTOR PRODUCTION MEDIA MANAGER INDIVIDUAL GIVING ASSISTANT James Conlon PROPERTIES COORDINATOR INSTITUTIONAL GIVING Melissa Ficociello Damon Schindler Tess Weinberg RICHARD SEAVER MUSIC DIRECTOR Christopher Koelsch PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER John P. Nuckols EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Faith Raiguel VICE PRESIDENT, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Lisa Coto LIGHTING ASSISTANTS VICE PRESIDENT, MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS COSTUMES Rebecca Roman PAYROLL MANAGER Denice Behdad INSTITUTIONAL GIVING ASSISTANT SENIOR ACCOUNTANT Courtney Rizzo SPECIAL EVENTS Lana Rosen SENIOR EVENT PLANNER Diane Rhodes Bergman, APR ACCOUNTS PAYABLE MANAGER Allison Soto-Morales TECHNICAL PAYROLL OFFICER Katelan Braymer Jenn Burkhardt Jeannie Jones INSTITUTIONAL GIVING COORDINATOR RESIDENT LEAD SCENIC ARTISTS Chris Carey FINANCE Michael Chavez EVENT PLANNER BUDGET MANAGER Lisa Robertsen STAFF ACCOUNTANT Christian Arter PAYROLL CLERK Stacy C. Brightman, Ph.D. VICE PRESIDENT, EDUCATION & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Jennifer Green COSTUME DIRECTOR Gregory White EDUCATION & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT COSTUME DEPARTMENT MANAGER Grant Gershon RESIDENT CONDUCTOR Rupert Hemmings SENIOR DIRECTOR, PRODUCTION Gerrie Maloof John Bishop SENIOR CUTTER / DRAPER Melinda Brown PRODUCTION, STOCK AND RENTAL COORDINATOR SENIOR DIRECTOR, LABOR RELATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES Manuel Garcia Patricia McLeod John Musselman SENIOR DIRECTOR, DEVELOPMENT Carl Ries CONTROLLER WAREHOUSE MANAGER ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Neal Anderson MAINTENANCE ASSISTANT Sarah Sturdivant SENIOR DIRECTOR, FINANCE Joshua Winograde SENIOR DIRECTOR, ARTISTIC PLANNING PRODUCTION Lyla Forlani PRODUCTION STAGE MANAGER ARTISTIC ADMINISTRATION Michelle Magaldi PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL MANAGER Susan Lang ARTIST SERVICES MANAGER Jacob H. Shideler MANAGER, ARTISTIC OPERATIONS Nicki Harper REHEARSAL ADMINISTRATOR Jennifer Babcock Nathan Rifenburg Janelle Cabrera Torres EDUCATION MANAGER DATABASE SUPPORT TECHNICIAN Tony Roman Tommy Mam PRODUCTION AND TOUR MANAGER, EDUCATION & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT BUSINESS APPLICATIONS TECHNICIAN Matthew Schroeder BOX OFFICE Erin Alford Tom Bucher RESEARCH AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASSOCIATE BOX OFFICE TREASURER Takuya Matsumoto FIRST ASSISTANT TREASURER SYSTEMS ASSOCIATE, EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Alexandra Vergun COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ASSOCIATE SECOND ASSISTANT TREASURERS Carmen Recker Susan Wong Bruce Hall Anabel Romero COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT COORDINATOR RESIDENT STAGE DIRECTOR Hannah Goodman EDUCATION ASSOCIATE KT Somero Marlinda Menashe DIRECTOR, INSTITUTIONAL GIVING AND GOVERNMENT RELATIONS ORCHESTRA PERSONNEL MANAGER Christina Ward Jill Michnick PUBLIC RELATIONS DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC RELATIONS Ignazio Terrasi Janneke Straub DIRECTOR, LEADERSHIP GIFTS ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS, PUBLICATIONS Howard Moss Karen Bacellar HEAD COACH, DOMINGO-THORNTON YOUNG ARTIST PROGRAM Miah Im HEAD OF MUSIC STAFF CONTENT MANAGER Robin Green Amisha Patankar SOCIAL MEDIA SPECIALIST ADMINISTRATION Nadine Bedrossian HUMAN RESOURCES / PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATOR TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT Jeff Kleeman TECHNICAL DIRECTOR Carolina Angulo DESIGN MANAGER Margie Schnibbe TECHNICAL PRODUCTION COORDINATOR P12 PERFORMANCES MAGAZINE SALES AND MARKETING ANNUAL FUND Eric Bornemann Josh Harrold Keith J. Rainville ANNUAL FUND MANAGER BRAND MANAGER INDIVIDUAL GIVING Janey K. Campbell DIRECTOR OF MARKETING Marivi Valcourt MARKETING AND ADVERTISING MANAGER Matthew Dorado SENIOR MAJOR GIFTS OFFICER PARTNERSHIPS & EVENTS MANAGER Peter W. Indall Rashi Saxena SENIOR MAJOR GIFTS OFFICER DATA ANALYST Vanessa Wheeler Allison Moore RESEARCH MANAGER BLT Communications AD DESIGN Stephen King HEAD OF VOCAL INSTRUCTION DOMINGO-COLBURN-STEIN YOUNG ARTIST PROGRAM Matchbox Studio Drew Hull DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS COORDINATOR CONSULTANTS Mark Lyons SENIOR PLANNED GIVING OFFICER EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT Jennifer Harper Robert Harrington Joseph Howells Rosa Ochoa Brenda Roman Joseph Selway TICKET SELLERS DIRECTOR OF BOARD RELATIONS AND SPECIAL EVENTS Nino Sanikidze THIRD ASSISTANT TREASURERS Fran Rizzi PERSONAL ASSISTANT TO JAMES CONLON MUSICAL ASSISTANT TO JAMES CONLON Shane K. Morton Dale Bridges Johannsen Michael Meyer Shawnet Sweets Andrew Tomasulo Marlow Wyatt Eli Villanueva Brady Steel NETWORK MANAGER TECHNICAL COORDINATOR, EDUCATION & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT MANAGER OF CHORUS, DANCERS AND SUPERNUMERARIES MUSIC LIBRARIAN DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Michael Masuda SPECIAL PROJECTS MANAGER DEVELOPMENT Richard Comito ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Gretchen Meyerhoefer MUSIC ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GRAPHIC / INTERACTIVE DESIGNER GRAPHIC DESIGN Studio Fuse GRAPHIC DESIGN
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