II PUC POLICAL SCIENCE
Chapter – 4
ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN INDIA
I. One mark questions and answers (one full sentence each)
1. How many kinds of Elections are there?
Ans: There are two kinds of elections.
2. Give an example to Direct Election.
Ans: Lok Sabha, Election /Vidhana Sabha election/ local bodies.
3. Give an example to Indirect Election.
Ans: Presidential Election/Vice Presidential Election/Rajya Sabha election.
4. Which type of Franchise system is existed in India?
Ans: Adult Franchise system is existed in India.
5. What is the voting age in India?
Ans: The voting age in India is 18 years.
6. Which Article of Indian Constitution explains about Election Commission?
Ans: Article 324 of the Constitution explains about Election Commission.
7. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
Ans: The President appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India.
8. Who appoints the Election Commissioner of India?
Ans: The president appoints the Election Commissioner of India.
9. When was the People’s Representation Act passed in India?
Ans: In India the People’s Representation Act was passed in 1951.
10. How many Commissioners are there in Election Commission of India?
Ans: There are three Commissioners in the Election Commission of India.
11. What is the term of the Election Commissioner?
Ans: The term of the Election Commissioner is 6 years or 65 years of age.
12. What is the period to conduct Election for the vacant seat of the parliament or the
State Legislature?
Ans : The Election must be conducted within 6 months.
13. What is the deposit prescribed to contest in the election of Lok Sabha?
Ans: The deposit prescribed to contest in the election of Lok Sabha is Rs.
10,000.
14. What is the deposit prescribed to contest in the election of Vidhana Sabha?
Ans: The deposit prescribed to contest in the election of Vidhana Sabha is Rs.
5,000.
15. Expand EVM.
Ans: Electronic Voting Machines.
16. Who has to give notification to the election of Lok Sabha /House of People?
Ans: The President has to give notification to the election of Lok Sabha/ House
of people.
17. Who has to give notification to the election of Vidhana Sabha /Legislative
Assembly?
Ans: The Governor has to give notification to the election of Vidhana Sabha /
Legislative Assembly.
18. Which Article of Indian Constitution has made a provision for Adult Franchise
in India?
Ans: Article 326 of Indian Constitution made a provision for Adult Franchise
in India.
19. Which Committee has recommended for Election Fund?
Ans: Indrajith Gupta Committee has recommended for Election Fund.
20. What is Election?
Ans: Election is a process in which the voters exercise their franchise in the
choice of their representatives.
21. Who is the present Chief Election Commissioner?
Ans: The present Chief Election Commissioner is SY Qureshi.
22. When was the Electronic Voting Machines used very first?
Ans: The Electronic Voting Machines were used in 1998 very first.
23. Which committee has recommended the government to bare the election
expenditure of candidates?
Ans: Indrajith Gupta Committee has recommended the government to bare
Election expenditure of candidates.
24. When was the plan of issuing Identity Card executed?
Ans : The plan of issuing Identity Card was executed in 1993.
25. Who appoints the State Election Commissioner?
Ans: The President appoints State Election Commissioner.
26. In which democracy the franchise system is found?
Ans: In indirect democracy/representative democracy the franchise system is
found.
27. Who dismisses the Election Commissioner?
Ans: The President dismisses the Election Commissioner on the advice of the
Chief Election Commissioner.
II Two mark questions and answers (answer in 2-3 sentences)
1. What is Election?
Ans: In Democracy every adult is given right of voting. Election is a process in
which the voters exercise their right of voting in the choice of representatives.
2. What is Direct Election?
Ans: Direct Election is one in which the voters go to the prescribed polling
booth and elect their representatives by exercising the right of voting eg. In
India, Lok Sabha election/ Vidhana Sabha election / local bodies’ election.
3. What is Indirect Election?
Ans: In this system the voters do not elect their representative, instead they
elect intermediate voters. These voters elect the representative. Eg. In India
Presidential election/ Vice Presidential election/ Rajya Sabha election.
4. What is Bye- election?
Ans: Conducting election for the vacant post fallen due to death or resignation
or disqualification of a member of Legislature is called Bye- election. Eg.
Kadur and Gulbarga rural Assembly election in Karnataka in 2010.
5. What is Mid- term/Re- election?
Ans: In parliamentary system the lower house of the parliament shall be
dissolved so, conducting election by dissolving the lower chamber of the
parliament before the expiry of its term is called Re-election. Eg. In 1998,
1999 Lok Sabha elections.
6. What is Electoral College?
Ans.: Electoral College is a body of intermediate voters elected by the voters.
They elect the Chief Executive of the county. In India the body of elected
members of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies.
7. What is Adult Franchise System?
Ans: Adult Franchise System is one in which every adult citizen is given right
of voting who has attained certain age. No discrimination is made on any
ground like caste, colour, place of birth etc.
8. Write the impeachment of Chief Election Commissioner.
Ans: The President issues order to remove Election Commissioner, if
misbehavior or incapacity against him is proved in the Parliament by 2/3rd
majority of the members presenting and voting.
9. Write about the voters Identity Card.
Ans: The voters Identity Card contains Photograph, permanent address and age
of a voter. It prevents malpractice and fake voting in elections.
10. Write about Election Commission.
Ans: The Constitution of India provides for independent Commission for
conducting free and fair Elections. It is consisting of one Chief Election
Commissioner and other two Election Commissioners. They are appointed by
the President.
11. What is Election process?
Ans: The Election Commission follows certain rules and procedure for
conducting Elections. Such a procedure is known as Election process.
12. What is Election code of conduct?
Ans: During Election the political parties and candidates have to follow certain
rules imposed by Election Commission restrictions on personal criticism,
misuse of worship places, giving financial assurance etc.,
13. State the disqualifications of voters.
1. lunatic
2. Criminal
3. Bankrupt
4. below prescribed age
III. Five mark questions and answers
[answer in 15-20 sentences]
1. Explain the functions of Election Commission of India.
Ans: The Constitution of India provides for independent Election Commission.
It determines the powers and functions of Election Commission.
The important functions are,
1.Preparing and Revising the voters list.
2. Conducting general Elections to Lok Sabha and Vidhana Sabha.
3. Conducting election for the offices of President and Vice President.
4. Conducting Re-elections to Lok Sabha and Vidhana Sabha, if they are
dissolved before the expiry of their term.
5.Conducting Bye-election for the vacant post fallen due to death, resignation or
disqualification of a member of Parliament or state Legislature.
6.Conducting Biennial Election to the Rajya Sabha and Vidhan Parishath.
7.Recognizing and derecognizing the parties and allotment of simbles.
8.Giving advice to the president regarding the disqualification of a member of
parliament
9.Giving advice to the Governor regarding the disqualification of a member of
state legislature.
10. Recommending the President to give notification for conducting election to
the Parliament.
11. Recommending the Governor to give notification for conducting election to
the state legislature.
12. To ordering for repoll in any constituency or booth
13. With holding the results
14. Enforcing the election code of conduct.
2 Explain the Election process
In India the Elections are conducted in accordance with the People’s Representation
Act 1951. The Elections are conducted according to the direction of the Election
commission. There is Election Commissioner in the state. He becomes active when
the Elections are declared.
In every district the Deputy Commissioner works as Election Officer. There
are Assistant Election Officers. Returning officers, route officers, presiding officers
and polling officers.
The Election process can be explained as follow.
1. According to People’s Representation Act 1951, the President has to give
notification for conducting Lok Sabha Elections and the Governor has to give
notification for conducting Vidhana Sabha Elections.
2. The Election Commission gives notification specificating the schedule of
nomination. Withdrawal, scrutiny poll and results.
3. The candidates should not start their canvas until the final list of the candidates
is announced.
4. The parties and candidates should stop their canvas before 38 hours of poll.
5. The candidates contesting for Lok Sabha election have to keep Rs. 10000 as
deposit for Vidhana Sabha Rs. 5000. The SC and ST have to keep half of these
amount.
6. A defeated candidate who secures 1/6th of the valid votes polled is eligible to get
back the deposit. This rule is not applicable to victorious candidate.
7. To contest in the Election of Lok Sabha he must be a voter is any Lok Sabha
Constituency.
8. To Contest in the Election of Vidhana Sabha, he must be a voter in any Vidhana
Sabha Constituency in the State.
9. Receiving the statement of election expenditure from the candidates within 30
days of poll held.
10. Counting the votes and declaring the results.
11. Preserving all kinds of documents concerned to elections.
3 Write a note on Electronic Voting Machines.
Ans: a. Using Electronic Voting Machines made a great and notable revolution
in Indian Electoral Reforms.
b. In the beginning the leaders of the political parties opposed to use them, later
they agreed.
c. In 1989-90 they are devised and designed by Bharat Electronics Ltd,
Bangalore and Bharath Electronics Corporation Ltd., Hyderabad.
d. They were experimentally used in Lok Sabha and 16 Assembly elections in
1998.
Method of Using
1. These machines are given to polling parties of every polling booth of Lok
Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Elections.
1.
2. Electronic voting Machines consist of control unit and Ballot Unit. Control
unit is used for recording the votes and Ballot unit is used for voting.
3. These are placed on separate tables in the polling station. They are inter
connected with cable.
4. A model Ballot paper is fixed on Ballot Unit. If there are more than 16
candidates another Ballot unit is used.
5. Only 3840 votes can be recorded in the Control Unit.
6. Control Unit is in charge of a polling officer. There is a Blue button on
Control Unit. The polling officer has to press the blue button to make a
provision for a voter to cast his vote. The voter goes near to the Ballot unit
which is placed on separate table. A model ballot paper contains serial
number, candidates name, simble and next a blue button. A voter has to press
the blue button to cast his vote faviour of his candidate. When the blue button
is pressed immediately beep sound comes up and vote is recorded in the
Control Unit. Then the Ballot Unit is locked.
7. The polling officer who is in charge of Control Unit has to press the blue
button to open the lock and to make a provision for another voter to cast his
vote.
8. This process continues till the end of the poll. Afterwards sealed control unit
is handed over to Returning officer by the polling parties.
Advantages of EVM
1. It is economy, printing of cores of ballot papers is saved.
2. The voters can record their votes within seconds.
3. It is an easy method to vote.
4. Provision for one man one vote.
5. No invalid Votes.
6. The counting is very easy and quick.
Photo Identity card
1. Issuing photo identity card began during the period of M.S. Gill who
was Chief Election Commissioner.
2. The process of issuing the cards was completed in 2001.
3. The photographs, permanent address and age are recorded in the card.
4. Using photo indentity card has been made compulsory in Lok Sabha
Election of 2004,
Advantages
1. Fake voting can be avoided.
2. The real voter can make use of it.
3. It is used for many purpose eg. Getting passport, ration card, mobile sim card
etc.
4. Write about the Mandatory disclosure regarding the Antecedents of
candidate.
Ans: The Candidates those who want to contest in election have to furnish the
criminal, education and property information at the time of filling the nomination.
The voters can easily know the background of candidates.
Criminal Antecedents:
1. According to People’s Representation Act 1951, a person who has been
imprisoned for a minimum period of 2 years, can’t contest in election up to 6
years.
2. In 1999 the Law Commission has recommended that the candidates those who
want to contest in election have to furnish the criminal cases of his family
members.
3. In 2003 the Supreme Court has directed the Election Commission to receive
the certificate of criminal education and property from candidates.
According to People’s Representation Act 1951, a candidate has to declare the
following in form no 26.
1. If there is any case filed against him and if he is going to be convicted for 2
years or more.
2. Besides People’s Representation Act 1951, if he is imprisoned for a minimum
period of a year.
In 1997 The Election Commission has ordered to prevent the candidates with
criminal background from contesting in election.
The main features of the order are,
1. A candidate has to submit the affidavit whether he had been convicted or not
convicted.
2. If there is a case against the candidate in the court of law, he may be
disqualified from contesting in the election.
Educational Antecedents:
1. A candidate who wants to contest in election has to declare his educational
background.
2. He has to furnish the school, college or university in which he studied with the
year.
Property Antecedents :
1. In Indian election those who have money power can contest and win.
2. They spend huge sums of money to win in the election. After winning try to
get back through illegal manner.
3. A candidate has to furnish the movable or immovable property belongs to his
spouse, son, daughter, father, brother, sister, dependent.
4. The voters can easily know the property background of candidates contesting
in election.
5. Write about the Reform in electoral financing through state funding.
Ans: 1. In India election is too costly.
2. The political parties spend huge sum of money in order to come to the power.
3. The parties depend on rich people for election expenditure.
4. The parties come to the power with the financial help of rich people,
afterwards they function only for the interest of the rich people.
5. The rich people definitely influence on the policies and programmes of the
government.
So, the government has to come forward to give financial help to the parties.
The system is existed in America, France, Germany, and Canada.
Advantages:
1. State funding encourages honest people to contest in elections.
2. Leads to good politics.
3. It prevents the parties collecting money from rich people.
Attempts:
1. In 1990 central government appointed a committee headed by Dinesh
Goswamy. This committee recommended for provide some election materials
to the parties contesting in elections.
2. In 1998 central government appointed a committee headed by Indrajith Gupta.
This committee gave the following recommendations.
a) Establishment of election fund. The central government has to give 600 crores
and the same amount must be given by the state every year.
b) The political parties have to file the income tax of the previous year to receive
the financial help and materials.
c) If the political parties receive donation of Rs. 10,000 or more have to publish
the name of the donors.
d) The recognized political parties must be provided rentless office.
e) Political parties must be given opportunities for canvas in radio and
Dooradarshan.
f) The recognized political parties must be supplied reasonable amount of petrol
diesel, and other paper materials.
g) Rentless telephone connection must be given to the recognized political
parties.
h) Imposing reasonable restricting on wall writings, cutouts, banners and posters.
6. Explain the merits and demerits of direct election.
Ans : Merits : The Direct Election system has many merits. The important are,
1. Direct election makes a direct contact between the people and the
representatives.
2. In this system the voters can elect the representatives of their choice.
3. This system is more democrats because the representatives are directly elected.
4. Direct election system promotes interest in the people about the political
trends.
5. The common people participate in elections, so that they can get political
consciousness.
6. The elected representatives work to fulfill the needs and aspiration of the
people.
7. The people’s representatives carefully discharge their responsibilities.
8. The common people can understand the political affairs of the country
De-merits: The direct Election system has the following important demerits.
1. In a country like India as the voters are ignorant and illiterate can’t elect
suitable persons as representatives.
2. This is the most expensive system and the candidates have to spend huge sums
of money.
3. This system of election leads to malpractice.
4. The honest people do not like to contest in election, so that the nation lose their
service.
5. The government has to spend crores of rupees for elections.
6. This system leads to casteism and caste clashes.
7. The candidates mislead the voters.
7. Explain the merits and demerits of indirect election.
Merits – The important merits are,
1. In this system the intermediate voters are educated and enlightened.
2. Good persons can be elected as representatives.
3. As good candidates are elected, national progress is possible.
4. There can be no chance for goondaism, mob, fake voting, kidnapping the
candidates kidnapping the ballot boxes etc.
5. This system is not expensive because it does not require more money.
6. It is definitely useful for backward and poor countries.
7. As suitable candidates are elected, there can be good administration in the
country.
De-merits: The Important demerits are,
1. As the representatives are not elected by the people directly, it is opposite to
democratic principle.
2. The representatives are not accountable to the people.
3. There can be no direct contact between the voters and the representatives.
4. Indirect election system leads to party politics.
5. It is not suitable to the countries where the people lack political consciousness.
IV
Ten mark questions and answer (Answer in 30-40 sentences)
1. Explain the Advantages of Adult Franchise System.
Ans: Adult Franchise system is supported by Herman Finer, J.J. Rousseau,
Graham wallas and others.
The following are the main advantages of Adult Franchise
1. Upholds the spirit of Democracy
a. In this system the people have sovereignty to bring a government.
b. This system proves that in democracy every one has a share.
c. As the right of voting is given to all it upholds the principle of
democracy
2. Upholds Political Equality a. In this system all the adult citizens have right to participate in political
affairs.
b. It gives all kinds of political rights to the people.
c.It upholds the principle of equality by giving right of voting to all.
3. Develops Individual Personalities a. Every person is given an opportunity to develop his personality in
politics.
b. It promotes interest in the people to participate in administrative
affairs.
c. It promotes self governance in the people.
d.Many Indian leaders have developed their personality in national and
international level, just because of adult Franchise.
4. Provides Political Education a. The people can get political education just because of adult franchise.
b.The regular elections provide political training to the people.
c.During elections the candidates and leaders of the parties approach the
voters and inform them about the problems of the nation.
d. Political parties explain their policies and programmes to the people.
c. The people can understand the poverty unemployment illiteracy,
corruption, terrorism. Etc.
5. Enhances the Prestige of the voters:a. During elections the candidates and party leaders approach the
voters.
b. They beg for their votes by presenting the policies and programmes.
c. It creates responsibilities and consciousness in the voters.
d. It brings self respect of the voters.
e. The voters think that they are the choosers of the government.
6. More Advantages :
a. In this system we can see more advantages.
b. Many scholars and intellectuals insisted that adult franchise should
be a general rule.
c. Adult Franchise has been successful in many countries of Asia and
Africa including India.
d. It is proved that for the successful working of adult franchise
education is not an essential condition.
e. In developing countries even a common man can actively participate
in politics.
f. Uneducated also can vote with care and responsible.
g. They can criticize the working of the government.
7. Inclusion of all :
a. In democracy every one has a share.
b. It provides equal opportunity to all.
c. If the voting right is given to few people, others are separated.
d. The policies of the government should be decided by the
representatives of all the people.
e. The matters related to home finance, defense and external affairs are
concerned to all, so that they must be decided by all. J.J Rousseau
says that ‘what touches the people should be decided by all’.
8. Voting right should not be Restricteda. Voting right should not be restricted to few people.
b. If it is restricted it leads to practical difficulties.
c. It is very difficult to find out the literacy standard of the people.
d. The officers in charge of testing the literacy standard of the people
may misuse their power.
e. It leads to favoritism and corruption.
f. To avoid all these difficulties adult franchise is inevitable.
2. Explain the disadvantages of Adult Franchise
Ans : Many writers and scholars like Lecky, Bluntshli J.S Mill and others
opposed this system. The important disadvantages of this system are,
1. Power to Ignorant and illiterates
a. Adult franchise system invites both literates and illiterates to rule.
b. The power may fall in to the hands of ignorant.
c. Can’t prevent ignorant from contesting in election.
d. Democracy can’t success with ignorant rulers.
e. They can’t even formulate good policies and progammes.
2. Progress Hindereda. Ignorant simply enjoy the power.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
b. They do not know how to run the administration.
c. Inefficient persons are not able to work for the welfare of the people.
d. They can’t take good and useful decisions.
Misuse of Votes :
a. Giving right of voting to common man is of no use.
b. Illiterate and ignorant people do not understand the political affairs.
c. They may not have capacity to elect suitable persons as
representatives.
d. The common people do not able to understand the value of the vote.
e. They are ready to sale their vote.
f. Money liquors play an important role.
Not useful to Common People –
a. Illiterate voters do not understand the political system of a country.
b. The voters do not able to utilize the voting power.
c. Lecky says that “it is a weak, ignorant and inefficient system”.
d. Many people in India do not understand the federal system,
parliamentary system and party system.
e. The voters may be tempted by others.
Injustice to Propertied People –
a. It is argued that adult franchise makes injustice to propertied class.
b. It treats both propertied class and propertyless class.
c. Non tax payers enjoy voting right in the expense of tax payers.
d. J.S Mill says voting power must be only in the hands of tax payers.
Misuse of Powera. In this system political power may fall in to the hands of ignorant and
illiterates.
b. They are not able to understand the importance of power.
c. They may misuse their power for personal again.
Power to Richa. Now day’s elections are very costly.
b. Only rich people can contest and win the election.
c. Only rich people can get the political power by using money power
and muscle power.
d. So it leads to the rule of rich people.
So Universal Adult Franchise system has many advantages.
Government of Karnataka‐Department of Pre University Board, Subject : Political Science. II PUC Chapter : Party System In India. 1 Marks
1. What are Political Parties? Ans. Political parties are the Group of men bounded together to peruse power or principles. 2. What system of political party existing in India? Ans. Multiparty System. 3. In which country Multiparty system existing? Ans. India. 4. When did National Congress came into existence? Ans. 1885. 5. Who founded I.N.C? Ans. A.O Hume 6. Who was the first Non‐Congress P.M of India? Ans. Murarji Desai. 7. Expand the word N.D.A? Ans. National Demostic Alliance 8. Expand the word U.P.A? Ans. United Progressive Alliance 9. Name of the first women Dalit Chief Minister in India? Ans. Kune, Mayavathi. 10. Who served largest period as C.M in India? Ans. Jyothi Basu. 11. What is Defection? Ans. A legislator who without resigning his legislative membership defects to another party is called defection. 12. When dit anti defection came into existence? Ans. 31st January 1985. 13. Under whose P.M Ship Anti defection law came into force? Ans. Rajiv Gandhi. 14. Give any two example for Regional Party? Ans. D.M.K, T.D.P, J.D.S Muslim league. 15. Name any two National Parties in India? Ans. I.N.C, B.J.P, C.P.I, C.P.I(M), B.S.P, N,C,P. 16. When did B.J.P established? Ans. 1980 17. When was communist party of India came into force? Ans. 1924. 18. Where was the party system evolved? Ans. In England. 19. How many National parties are there in India? Ans. There are 6 National parties in India. 20. How many Regional parties are there in India? Ans. 40. 21. What is Said to be Integral and Indispensable part of a democracy? Ans. Political parties. 22. Who is authorized to recognize political parties in India? Ans. Election Commission of India. 23. Name two Communist parties. Ans. C.P.I, C.P.I(M). 2 Marks. 1. Define any 3 Characteristics of a political parties? Ans. i) Organization. ii) Common opinion iii) Leadership iv) Faith in constitution. 2. Mention any four non congress parties in India? Ans. i)B.J.P, ii) C.P.C iii)C.P.I(M). iv)B.S.P, v) J.D, vi) T.D.P 3. What is ciolation Government give example? Ans. If no party gets Absolute majority like minded several parties forms the Govt. it is called ciolation Govt. 4. What do you mean by Regional parties give examples? Ans. A party which is restricted to particular state culture, customs and interests is called regional party. Example :‐ K.J.D.S, T, D.M.K, A, T.D.P, K, Muslim league. 5. What are the norms of recognise a regional parties? Ans. i) It should be recognised in not less than 4 states. ii) It must secure 4% of the valid votes (or) 1/25 of the total seats in a state. 6. State any two roles played by political parties? Ans.1. To contest in the election 2. Participate in Making of public policies. 3. To form the Govt. 7. What is Anti defection low? When it come into force? Ans. If any member of parliament or state give up his membership of political party from which he elected and join another party shall be disqualified. It is called anti defection law. It come into force in 1985. 8. Give two reasons for the development of regional parties in India? Ans. i) Single party dominancy. ii) Regional imbalance. iii) Too Much of rationality 9. Name any three principles of I.N.C? Ans. i) National unity and integrity. ii) Protection of Minorities interest. iii) Belief in democracy, socialism and secularism. iv) Social justice. 10. Name any three B.J.P. Principles? Ans. i) Developing National integrity and unity. ii) Strong faith in Democracy. iii) To bring social justice. iv) To build Ram Mandir at Ayodhya. 11. What do you mean by National parties? and what are their norms? Ans: If a political party recognized us four (or) more states it should be known as a National party throughout the whole of India. According to election commission A national party must of secure at least 6% of votes (or) must of secuse 1/25 seats of the total seats in the states in four (or) more states, For example :‐ I.N.C. B.J.P. B.S.P, C.P.I. CPI (M), NCP 12. State any 3 role played by opposition party? Ans. i) Constructor criticisni. ii) Advocation of lofty principles iii) Struggles for social justice. 13. What are the disadvantages of election? Ans. i) Political instability. ii) Degenesation of political principle iii) Devolution of cabinet iv) It would lead to instability of Govt (coliation). 14. Name important factors of antidefection law? Ans. i) Political stability. ii) To maintain political principles iii) To provide stable govt. 15. Name any 4 Regional parties? Ans. J.D.S, D.M.K, AIADMK, Telugu Desham, Muslim league, Shiva Sena. 5 Marks:‐ 1. Explain important political parties Ans. i) Political Parties are past & pareel of democracy. ii) They are ineuitable for democratic system. iii) They would consolidate for democratic system. iv) Inpliment Govt policies plans and projects. v) To work as ruling and opposition party. 2. Mention the Salient features of political parties? Political parties are the Group of Men Bounded 8 together to persue power (or)
princinples.
Ans. i) Common opinion ii) Organization iii) Having policies principles iv) Definite programmes v) Important to National & region interests. vi) Attractive leadership. 3. What are the factors & responsible for the Growth of Multi party system? i) Composite culture ii) Internal politics iii) Superiority complex iv) Single objective with different means v) Too much aspiration for power vi) Difference of opinion 4. Write important of Anti‐defection law? or Write a Short Note on Anti defection law? Defection : A legislator who without rerisigning his legislative membership defects to another party is called defection. Anti ‐ Defection : If any member of Parliament or State give up his membership of political party from which he elected and join another party shall be disqualified it is called antidefection law. Anti defection bill was pass by the Indian parliament on 30th January 1985. In the 52nd Constitutional Amendment bill 10th Shedule was incorpted and some changes have been brought in the year 2003. with 91th amendment of the constitution. ‐ High lights of Anti‐Defection law i) This membership will be disqualified if he hoins another party ii) This membership would stand cancelled if he violates party iii) A nominated member shall be disqualified if he joins another party after 6 months from the date he takes his seat. iv) Speaker has the power to disqualified any members of the house v) He should not hold any profitable job. vi) Central or State cobinet should not exceed not more than 15% Importance of Anti-defection law...............
5or 10 marks 1. Discuss the role and responsibility played by political parties? Ans. An Indian biggest democratic system, Multiparty system, which exist in Indian work as follows i) To contest in the election ii) To check out policies and programmes iii) Formation of Govt and its maintenance. iv) To give political education and awareness to the public v) To brings national unity and integrity. vi) It brings Co‐ordination between legislatuse and executive. vii) Political parties are link between people and the government viii) To work as effective opposition party ix) To maintain public interest. x) To fight for social justice. Thus political parties play several constructive role in Indian democratic system. therefore they are called life and blood of democratic system in India. 2. Explain nature and features of party system in India? (10 marks) Ans. As we all know India is a biggest democratic country. therefore political parties are inevitable that is why India has multiparty system. The nature and features of Indian party system as follows. i. Multiparty system ii. End of single party dominance. iii. Split in the party and unification iv. Parties based on language. religion and caste v. Limited membership. vi. Hero worship or leadership cultural. vii. lack of effective opposition party viii. Regional parties nummorous. ix. Failute of non congress parties x. Emergence of the era of ciolation politics. xi. Dominance of regional parties xii. Defection Thus Indian multiparty system has nature and features of it’s own 3. Explain any two National parties? (10 marks) or Write a short note on INC?(5 marks) Ans. It was established in 1985 INC was founded by A.O Hume before 1947 It participated in movement for freedom and after 1947. It become a National political the main national leaders of INC are M.K.Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, P.V. Narsimha Rao, Monmohan Singh, Soniya Gandhi, S.K.Krishna, Rahul Gandhi and others State leaders are D.G Parameshwara, Siddaramaiah, D.K.Shivakumar, Jafar Sharif , Dharamsing, Kharge and others Principles of INC
1. National unity, Integrity and security. 2. Faith in democracy, socialism, Secularism 3. Fight against terrorism 4. Fight for the interests of women and Minorities. 5. Fight for power decentralization and execution 6. To bring progress in the country by adopting Science and technology 7. Try to implement NAM by which Obtain International peace and security. 8. To bring international co‐operation 9. Try to during regional co‐operation and others. 4. Write a short note on BJP ? (5 marks) B.J.P. come into existence 1980. The first president of B.J.P. was Atal Bihari Vajpaee. The main leaders of B.J.P. are L.K. Advani, Murali Manohara Joshi, Venkaiah Naidu, Arun Jetly, Sushma Swaraj, Rajnath Singh, Nithin Gadkari, Ananth Kumar, Narendra Modi and Others. State leaders are B.S.Y., Sadananda Gowda, Esharappa, R. Ashok , Jagadish Shetter, Suresh Kumar, V.S. Acharaya, Shoba Karandlaje & Others Main Principle of B.J.P. are. 1. Try to bring Nationality and National integrity. 2. Belief in democracy and secularism 3. Fight against Terrorism 4. Fight against Low‐Slaughter. 5. To build Ram Mandir at Ayodhya. 6. Try to implement uniform civil code to whole do Nation. 7. Strengthen SAARC. 8. Protection of Human right. 9. Implementation of Election reforms. 5. Explain role and responsibility of opposition parities ? In Indian democratic System opposition party observe keenly day to day administration of ruling party. Therefore opposition party is said to be watch dog and night watchman of democracy. Main role and Responsibilities of opposition are :1. Health Criticism 2. To bring awareness among the people. 3. Conductor of Public Opinion. 4. Lack of Political Values 5. To form alternative Govt. 6. Internal Democracy. 7. Fight against anti public opinion (Bandh, enquiry, Strike etc.) 8. Fight for social justice 9. Demand for enquiry (COD, CBI .....) 10. Protection of National interests. Thus political parties play on effective, constructive role in a democratic system of Govt. and its development.