3D Seismic Attribute
Interpretation from the
Red River Formation
By Mark Sippel
Luff Exploration Company
for the
14th Williston Basin Petroleum
Conference & Prospect Expo
Presentation Outline
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Introduction and Location
Overview of Red River Reservoirs
Seismic Response and Modeling
Description of Red River B Reservoirs
Prediction of Depositional Setting
Transforms to Reservoir Properties
Area of Interest Map
100
Type Log for
Red River
Formation
Stony Mountain Shale
0
C Zone Porosity Member
D Zone Porosity Member
-300
Lower Red River
Relative Depth (feet)
-200
-400
-500
Winnipeg Shale
-600
Winnipeg Sandstone
-700
-800
0
100 200
Gamma
30 20 10 0 -10
Porosity %
Paleozoic Ordovician
-100
Red River Formation
B Zone Porosity Member
Upper Red River
A Zone Porosity Member
The Upper Red River
Consists of Four Episodes
in Shallow Shelf Setting
Main Reservoirs are:
Red River B Zone
Red River D Zone
Time
Seconds
Normal
Polarity
0.7
0.8
0.9
Reverse
Forward Seismic
Modeling
Mission
Canyon
Upper Red River
Reservoirs Are
“Seismic Thin Beds”
Duperow
Reservoir Information
Contained in Two
Peak-Trough Pairs
Interlake
1.0
T1
T2
1.1
P1
P2
Red River
Base
D zone
Winnipeg
Each Event
Consistently Labeled
in Every Seismic Survey
Use Synthetic Seismogram for Study of
Response to Thickness and Porosity Variation
Weak Amplitude
Response
Low Porosity
Strong Amplitude
Response
High Porosity
Time - Seconds
0.0
Interlake
Red River
1.0
P1
T1
P2
T2
Winnipeg
Description of Red River B Reservoirs
• Red River B Porosity Averages Thickness of 7 Feet
• Develops at the Top of B Cycle Between Two
Anhydrite Layers
• Red River B Porosity is Divided into Two Members
– Upper and Lower
• Red River B (Upper) is Productive Layer
• Red River B Development is Strongly Influenced by
Depositional Setting
• B Cycle Thickness Can Be Predicted from Seismic
Attributes
Type Log from Red River B Reservoir
Top
Red River
B Anhydrite
Upper B
Lower B
B Cycle
38-55 feet
C Anhydrite
0
100
Gamma Ray
30%
0%
Neutron-Density Porosity
Depositional Model of Red River B
Interpretation by Lyn Canter
Analytical Description of Red River B
Neutron phi
Density phi
Core phi
Core RQI
Log BVW
9240
9240
RQI ~ √ k/φ
9242
9242
Evaporite,
Anhydrite
Depth (feet)
9244
9244
9246
RQI - 10
"Upper B"
Dolomite,
Agal Boundstone
RQI - 13
"Upper B"
Dolomite,
Bedded Packstone and
Grainstone
9246
9248
9248
"Lower B"
Dolomitic Limestone,
Wackestone
RQI - 4
9250
9250
Open Shelf Limestone
9252
9252
9254
9254
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
Porosity (decimal)
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Rank (decimal)
0.8
1.0
Capillary Properties Red River B Rock Types
Height Above Oil-Water (feet)
1000
RQI = Rock Quality Index
RQI ~ √ k/φ
Lower B
RQI ~ 2
~ 0.3 microns
Pore Throat Diameter
100
Upper B
RQI ~ 16
~ 3.0 microns
Pore Throat Diameter
10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Saturation Sw (decimal)
0.8
1.0
Prediction of B Cycle Thickness
from Seismic Attributes
• Understand Seismic Response from Forward Modeling
• Pick Consistent Times and Amplitudes of Events in Red
River Interval
• Normalize Each Attribute (Interval Times and
Amplitudes) to Mean of 0 and Standard Deviation of 1
• Integration of Multiple 3D Surveys
• Determine Thickness of B Cycle from Well Logs in 3D
Seismic Surveys
• Capture Seismic Attributes at Well Locations
• Perform Statistical Correlation of B Cycle Thickness and
Seismic Attributes
Transform of B Cycle Thickness
from Seismic Attributes
B Cycle Thickness from Logs (feet)
58
Single 3D Survey
Correlation from 9 Wells
R = 0.9
Std Dev Error +/- 1.2 feet
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
Well Locations Are Offset
150 feet for Each Compass Direction
42
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Predicted B Cycle Thickness (feet)
56
Inferred Reservoir Properties from
B Cycle Thickness
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Log Analysis – Porosity and Saturation
Drill Stem Tests – Permeability and Oil Cut
Production History – Oil Cut
Thin B Cycle Wells Usually Have Poor Porosity
and Permeability But High Oil-Cut
• Thick B Cycle Wells Usually Have Thick Porosity
and Low Oil-Cut
Reservoir Properties with Depositional Setting
More Lagoonal
1.0
2.00
0.9
1.80
Oil Cut
Phi-h
0.8
1.60
0.7
1.40
Optimal
Depositional
Setting
0.6
0.5
1.20
1.00
0.4
0.80
0.3
0.60
0.2
0.40
~So*phi-h
(Moveable)
0.1
0.20
0.0
0.00
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Red River B Cycle Thickness (Feet)
56
Pore Volume phi-h (Porosity-Feet)
Producing Oil-Cut (Fraction)
More Supra-tidal
Producing Oil Cut from Structure
1.0
• Red River B Production
Characteristics Are Also
Affected by Structure
• Height Above Regional
Depth Trend Has High
Correlation with Oil-Cut
Producing Oil Cut (Fraction)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-80 -60 -40 -20 0
20 40 60 80
Height Above Critical Datum (Feet)
100
Producing Oil-Cut Transform Example
Amor South Red River Unit
Bowman County, ND
One Mile
• Map of Oil-Cut Transform
from B Cycle Thickness and
Height Above Regional
Depth Trend
• Map of Oil Saturation Can
Be Inferred from Capillary
Pressure Properties and OilCut
• Map of Oil Pore-Volume
Can Be Estimated from
Average or Mapped PHI-H
and Oil Saturation