Name ____________________________________________________________________________ Anthropology &215
Data on these pages are to be completed during the 2-hour laboratory conducted outside of class.
Grading:
___ Part 1 (4 points)
___ Focal Animal Instantaneous -- Alternative 1 (4 points)
___Ad Libitum (4 points)
___ Focal Animal Instantaneous - Alternative 2 (4 points)
___ Scan Sampling (4 points)
___ Extra Credit (3 points)
Part 1: Background data on species
A. Common name and scientific name of primate (0.5 points)
Below, write the common name and the scientific name. The proper way to write a scientific name is to either italicize (if
using the computer) or underline both the genus and species names (and subspecies if it has one), capitalizing only the
first letter of the genus name (for example, Saguinus oedipus).
Common name: ______________________________________________________
Scientific name: ______________________________________________________
B. Classification (0.75 points)
1. To which suborder does the primate belong (Strepsirhini or Haplorhini)? How can you tell which suborder, by looking
at the individuals before you? (What features are observable to you that indicate its classification?)
2. To what infraorder does the species belong? _______________________________
3. To which superfamily does the species belong? _____________________________
C. Habitats, geographical distribution (0.5 points)
1. In what kind of habitat is the primate generally found? (e.g., savanna, rainforest). Describe in detail.
2. Where is the primate found geographically? (continent, region)
D. Observed features and behaviors (2.25 points)
1. What is the primate's body size? (Compare it to commonly seen animals, or approximate body weight, if known.)
2. Look at its hands. Is there anything unusual about the fingers or thumb? How similar or different do they appear
compared to the hands of another primate? (Hint: Look at fingernails and opposability of thumb.)
3. Does this primate have a tail? If so, is it prehensile (grasping)? What does the tail do, even if non-prehensile? How
long is the tail in relation to its body length?
4. What is its primary mode of locomotion (how does it move around)?
5. How many individuals are at the field site, and how old do they appear to be? How many are males and how many
females?
6. Is this a sexually dimorphic species? (In sexual dimorphism, males and females may have different body sizes.)
7. Describe the primate's pelage (coat).
8. Are the primates feeding? If so, what are they eating?
9. Observe the animals in the exhibit for about five minutes, and describe some behaviors you see.
Ad Libitum Sampling (4 points)
Species: ______________________________
Date: ________________________
Conditions: ___________________________
Starting Time: _________________
Focal Animal Instantaneous Sampling -- Alternative 1 (4 points)
(use 2-minute intervals and the Ethnogram codes you developed)
Species: ______________________________
Date: ________________________
Conditions: ___________________________
Focal animal description:
Starting Time: _________________
Time
1
Context
1
Denote as the general activity.
Position
Social Behavior Substrate
Food Type
(if feeding)
Comments
Focal Animal Instantaneous Sampling -- Alternative 2 (4 points)
(use 2-minute intervals and the accompanying codes)
Species: ______________________________
Date: ________________________
Conditions: ___________________________
Focal animal description:
Starting Time: _________________
Time
2
Context2
Denote as the general activity.
Position
Social Behavior Substrate
Food Type
(if feeding)
Comments
Codes for Focal Animal Instantaneous Sampling (4 points)
Context:
Feed: lncludes foraging (searching for food), ingesting (getting food into
F
mouth), and chewing.
Travel: moving from one area of the exhibit to another.
T
Social: interacting with another individual of its species.
S
Rest: in a stationary posture for at least 10 seconds after time interval
R
begins.
Positions:
Sit
Si
St -b Stand bipedally
St - q Quadrupedally
Lie
Li
Cling
Cli
Quadrupedal walk
Qw
Run
R
Leap
Le
Climb
Clb
Other (specify)
O
Social Behaviors:
P
Play
H Hug
Gr Groom (other)
Play (specify
P
how)
Threaten
T
C
M
O
Chase
Mounting
Other
Br
Sh
G
F
O
Branch
Shelf
Ground
Fence
Other
Substrate:
Focal Animal Instantaneous Sampling (Example)
(use 2-minute intervals and the accompanying codes)
Species: Lemur catta
Date: 9/21/13
Conditions: sunny, warm
Focal animal description: Adult female
Starting Time: 2:12 p.m.
Time
2:12
2:14
2:16
2:18
2:20
2:22
Context
(general
activity)
R
R
R
T
F
F
Position
Si
Si
Li
Qw
Si
Si
Social
Behavior
P
P
Substrate
Br
Br
Sh
BR
G
G
Food
Type
(if feeding)
Comments
Had threatened a female
apple
potato
Scan Sampling Data Check sheet (4 points)
(use 2-minute intervals)
Species: ______________________________
Date: ________________________
Conditions: ___________________________
Starting Time: _________________
At each sample point, note down the number of individuals in the group that are feeding, those that are resting, traveling,
or engaging in social behavior.
Time
Total
# Feeding
# Resting
# Traveling
# Social
Total
Example: Scan Sampling Data Check sheet
(2-minute intervals)
Species: Macaca mulatta
Date: 9/25/06
Conditions: cloudy, cool, construction noise
Starting Time: 2:32 p.m.
At each sample point, note down the number of individuals in the group that are feeding, those that are resting, traveling,
or engaging in social behavior.
Time
2:32
2:34
2:36
2:38
Total
# Feeding
///
# Resting
///
/////
//
/////
6
12
# Traveling
////
//
6
# Social
//
//
Total
7
7
7
7
4
21
Post-Laboratory Exercise
1) This exercise can be completed outside of the laboratory. This part of the laboratory is worth 3 extra credit points.
2) Use your observations and completed forms to help you answer the questions below:
1. Based on the ad libitum observations, make a statement about the amount of time your primates spent in various
activities.
2. Do the same for the focal animal instantaneous sampling method. With the number of observations as your sample
size, figure out the percentages of time spent (or, rather, samples observed) for each different behavior. You may write
this out in a simple list as shown here, or you may make a table for the results if you wish-for example:
feeding
22%
sitting
10%
grooming
16%
etc.
3. Figure out totals for the scan sampling technique.