IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα Μετάφραση :
Κούτρας Νικόλαος
Για παραπομπή :
Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα , "Ephesus, Round Tomb",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=13082>
Περίληψη :
The remains of a circular tomb of the 2nd century AD have been discovered outside the city of Ephesus, on the road that lead to Tralles and
Magnesia on the Meander.
Χρονολόγηση
2nd century AD
Γεωγραφικός Εντοπισμός
Ephesus
1. Architectural description
The Round Τοmb is located 4 km south of Selçuk. This was a monopteral structure resting on a podium 1.80 m. in height; it featured
six Corinthian order columns with monolithic shafts, which supported a richly adorned entablature. The entablature comprised a
narrow three-fascia epistyle, crowned by an astragal, a frieze decorated with winding spouts and a cornice with corbels. The front of
the cornice was adorned by a spiraling meander, while at the sima the drain-pipe spouts were shaped like lions’ heads and anthemia.
The monument was covered by a conical roof, whose apex supported a central acroterion in the form of an acanthus.1 Statues were
set up inside the monopterow, which undoubtedly functioned as a funerary monument. Its total height is estimated to 14.02 m.2
On the basis of a fragmentary inscription found on the monument’s bathron, dated to the 2nd cent. AD, it is believed that the
monument, like the nearby villa rustica belonged to the Ephesian official Vedius.3
2. History of research
This monument was accidentally discovered by the inhabitants of the area. A first description was published in the third volume of the
Austrian excavational reports from Ephesus, while a short publication followed in 1930 by the archaeologist J. Keil.4 The drawings of
the ground plan and the reconstruction were sketched by M. Theuer. Details of the structure’s architecture have been examined in a
comparative study of round monuments in Ephesus and Pergamum by W. Königs and W. Radt.5
1. J. Keil mentions that the apex of the roof supported a six-sided rosette, Keil, J., "XV. Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Ephesos", Öjh
26 (1930), Beibl., p. 48. For details on the construction of the roof and the manner in which the acroterion was supported see Königs, W. - Radt, W.,
"Ein kaiserzeitlicher Rundbau (Monopteros) in Pergamon", IstMitt 29 (1979), pp. 324-325.
2. On the architecture of the Round Monument see Königs, W. - Radt, W., "Ein kaiserzeitlicher Rundbau (Monopteros) in Pergamon", IstMitt 29
(1979), pp. 324-325; Scherrer, P. (ed.), Ephesus. The New Guide (Istanbul 2000), p. 228.
3. Cf. Keil, J., "XV. Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Ephesos", Öjh 26 (1930), Beibl., p. 48.
4. Keil, J., "XV. Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Ephesos", Öjh 26 (1930), Beibl., p. 48.
5. This is the study of a round monument of the Imperial period at Pergamum. Its architecture is compared to that of the Round Monument of
Ephesus, Cf. Königs, W. - Radt, W., "Ein kaiserzeitlicher Rundbau (Monopteros) in Pergamon", IstMitt 29 (1979), pp. 324-325.
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IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα Μετάφραση :
Κούτρας Νικόλαος
Για παραπομπή :
Ντόουσον Μαρία - Δήμητρα , "Ephesus, Round Tomb",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=13082>
Βιβλιογραφία :
Scherrer, P. (ed.), Ephesus. The New Guide, Istanbul 2000
Keil J., "XV. Vorläufiger Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Ephesos", Öjh, 26, 5-66
Radt W., Königs W., "Ein kaiserzeitlicher Rundbau (Monopteros) in Pergamon", IstMitt, 29, 1979, 317-354
Γλωσσάριo :
acanthus
Herbaceous plant with prickly leaves; popular motif in architectural decoration.
acroterium
Sculptured motif, figurative or not, placed above the corners of the pediments in religious structures and public buildings.
anthemion (Palmette)
A floral decorative motif in the form of a palmette, very widespread in the Greek art and architecture.
architrave or epistyle
The lowest part of an entablature resting on the columns capitals and supporting the frieze.
astragal
A decorative motif that consists of half-round surfaces alterating with flat planes (fillets). It occurs oftenly on architectural elements, relief, under an
ionic or lesbian cymation.
corinthian order
The most elaborate of the ancient greek architectural orders. It was developed in the 4th century BC in Greece and it was extensively used in Roman
architecture. It is similar to the Ionic order. Its capitals being four-sided and composed of a basket-shaped body decorated with volumes and rows of
acanthus leaves.
cornice
1. (Antiq. and Byz.) Member of the entablature or the architrave that projects in the elevation of a secular or religious building. As a horizontal
member it may run along a wall. The cornice may also be the projecting part of the roof, protecting the building from rain.
2. (Byz. archit.) Decorative architectural element used to articulate the walls of a church, both on the inside and on the outside, by marking the
division between the vertical wall and the spring of the vaults. It usually bears painted or sculptural decoration of vegetal or geometric motifs.
entablature, the
The upper part of the classical order, that rests on the columns, it consists of the architrave, frieze and cornice.
frieze (1. architecture), (2. painting)
1. The part of the entablature resting on the architrave and below the cornice. In the Doric order the frieze is decorated with two alternative motives,
namely the triglyph and metope, while in the Ionic order the frieze is a decoratively carved band.
2. Decorative horizontal band that sweeps parts of a vessel or the highest part of the walls in a room.
monopteros
A circular building with a single row of columns supporting a roof
podium
The base of a building
sima, sime
Part of architectural sculpture made of marble or clay. Its bears a meticulous appearance and it has a decorative character crowning the
entablature. Its section is semicircural and it was used to channel water.
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