Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Ratios
R 12-1
A ratio can be used to compare two quantities.
For example, in the picture at the right, there are
3 triangles and 1 circle.
The ratio of triangles to circles is 3 to 1.
There are four different ways to write the ratio.
three to one
3 to 1
3:1
3
!!
1
The ratio of shaded circles to unshaded circles in the group below is 5:7.
Write each ratio in two different ways.
1. 3 to 8
11
2. !9!
3. 100:1
4. six to five
Use the diagram at the right to write each ratio for Exercises 5–6.
5. triangles to squares
6. squares to circles
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(417)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 1.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Ratios
H 12-1
Write the ratio of consonants to vowels in these words in three different ways.
Count a letter each time it occurs in a word.
1. Math
2. Science
3. Social Studies
4. Art
5. Literature
6. Language
7. Music
Use the diagram at the right to
write each ratio for Exercises 8-10.
8. Squares to triangles
9. Triangles to circles
10. Circles to squares
Make a drawing for each ratio in Exercises 11–12.
11. 5 to 4
12. 6 to 3
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
Rueben planted 36 flowers in a flower bed. He planted 6 roses, 12 lilies, and 18 tulips.
13. What is the ratio of roses to tulips in Rueben’s garden?
A 6 to 36
B 12 to 6
6
D 6 to 12
!
C !
18
14. What is the ratio of tulips to the total number of flowers in Rueben’s garden?
F 6 to 36
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
G 18:36
(418)
36
2
!
!!
H !
18 or 1
J twelve to six
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 1.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Equivalent Ratios
R 12-2
In Gina’s family, 4 out of 6 people are right-handed. In Greg’s family,
2 out of 3 people are right-handed. In Matt’s family, 8 out of 12
people are right-handed. In these families, is the ratio of right-handed
to left-handed people the same?
Remember that a fraction can be named by many equivalent fractions. In the same
way, ratios can be named by many equivalent ratios.
You can multiply or divide each number in a ratio by the same nonzero number to
find an equivalent ratio.
Example 1
Example 2
Multiply each term of the fraction
by the same nonzero number.
Divide each term of the fraction
by the same nonzero number.
4
!
6
4
!
6
and
2
8
4"2 # !
"!
#!
2
12
4
!
6
2
2
4$2 # !
$!
#!
2
3
2
!
3
are equivalent ratios.
6"2
8
!
12
4
!
6
are equivalent ratios.
and
6$2
The ratio of right-handed to left-handed people is the same in all three families.
Copy and complete each ratio table.
1.
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
5
7
2.
2
5
Write three other equivalent ratios for each given ratio.
3
7
3. !4!
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
4. !8!
(420)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 2.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Equivalent Ratios
H 12-2
Here is a recipe for making blueberry muffins.
Recipe – Blueberry Muffins
Makes 12 muffins
1
8
2
1
1
1
!!
2
1
!!
2
1
!!
4
egg
ounces (oz) of milk
cups (c) of flour
tablespoon of baking powder
cup of fresh blueberries
cup of sugar
teaspoon of salt
cup of oil
Complete each chart to increase the size of the servings.
1.
3.
Muffins
12 24 36 48 60
Flour (c)
2
Muffins
12
Milk (oz)
8
2.
4
36
16
60
32
4.
Muffins
12 24 36 48 60
Eggs
1
Muffins
12 36 60 72 84
Blueberries (c)
1
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
For the Community Center Bake Sale, Max plans to bake 24 carrot muffins.
Juanita plans to bake 72 carrot muffins. Helen plans to bake 96
pineapple-nut muffins. Each recipe requires 1 egg for each dozen muffins.
5. How many eggs are needed for the carrot muffins?
A 6 eggs
B 8 eggs
C 3 eggs
D 4 eggs
6. How many eggs are needed for the pineapple-nut muffins?
F 2 egg
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
G 4 eggs
(421)
H 6 eggs
J 8 eggs
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 2.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scale Drawings
R 12-3
Scale is a ratio that compares the size of an object
in a photo or drawing to the size of the actual object.
scale length
This ratio can be expressed as !!
actual length
At the right is a scale drawing of a giant game
board. In this game, children are the playing pieces
and move along the board.
The scale of the drawing is
2 inches
1 inch
!!.
3 feet
This means that 1 inch of the drawing
represents 3 actual feet of the game board.
1 inch
What is the actual length of the game board?
The scale length is 2 inches. Find an equivalent ratio for
in which the scale length is 2 inches.
1 inch
!!
3 feet
"
1 inch
!!
3 feet
2 inches
!!.
x feet
What number times 1 inch is 2 inches?
Since 2 # 1 " 2, multiply each term of the scale by 2.
1 inch # 2
!!
3 feet # 2
2 inches
!
"!
6 feet
scale length
actual length
The actual length of the game board is 6 feet.
1 inch
!
9 ya!
rds ,
If the scale is
what is the actual length for each scale length?
1. 3 inches "
yards
2. 5 inches "
3. 7 inches "
yards
4. 1 foot "
yards
yards
2 inches
If the scale is !
6 m!
iles what is the actual length for each scale length?
5. 4 inches =
miles
7. 1 inch =
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
miles
(423)
6. 6 inches "
8. 2 feet "
miles
miles
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 3.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scale Drawings
H 12-3
Use the scale drawing below for Exercises 1–5 to complete the table.
8 cm
4 cm
2 cm
Kitchen
Dining
Room
Master Bedroom
Living
Room
2 cm
Bath 2
Bath 1
2.5 cm
2.5 cm
1.5 cm
Bedroom
4 cm
2.5 cm
3 cm
4 cm
5 cm
Scale: 1 cm ! 2 m
Room
Length in
Drawing
Actual
Length
Width in
Drawing
Actual
Width
1.
Living Room
4 cm
8m
2.
Dining Room
6m
3.
Kitchen
4m
4.
Master Bedroom
4m
5.
Bath 1
3m
8m
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
6. If the scale in the drawing above was changed to 2 cm ! 2 m,
which of the following would be true?
A The drawing would be smaller. C The drawing would be the same size.
B The drawing would be larger.
D The actual width of the living room would be 16 m.
7. If the scale in the drawing above was changed to 1 cm ! 4 m,
which of the following would be true?
F The drawing would be smaller.
H The drawing would be larger.
G The drawing would be the same size.
J The actual width of the master
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
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bedroom would be 2 m.
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 3.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Rates
R 12-4
A rate is a ratio that compares two quantities. For example,
Don’s school has 15 students for every teacher.
Example 1
If Don’s school has 15 students for every teacher, how many teachers
do they have for 300 students?
To find out, you can find an equivalent ratio.
number of students
!!!
number of teachers
=
15
!!
1
=
300
!!
20
The school has 20 teachers for 300 students.
Remember that you can multiply both terms of a ratio by the same number
15 students
!
to find an equivalent ratio. In this case, multiply both terms in !
1 teacher
by 20 because 300 is 20 " 15 students.
A special kind of rate is unit price, the price for one part or one unit.
Example 2
If 6 bagels cost $2.40, find the unit price.
Since 6 bagels sell for $2.40, divide $2.40 by 6 to find the unit price, that is, the
cost for 1 bagel.
$2.40 # 6 $ $0.40
The unit price is $0.40.
Use equivalent ratios or division to complete.
1. 10 muffins for $1.60
2. 3 books for $12
1 muffin for
1 book for
3. 6 miles in 15 minutes
42 miles in
minutes
5. 4 postcards for $3
1 postcard for
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
4. 15 trading cards for $1.80
1 trading card for
1
6. 4 feet in !2! hour
12 feet in
(426)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 4.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Rates
H 12-4
Write the unit price for the items in Exercises 1–6.
1. 5 lb of potatoes for $2.65
2. 2 toy cars for $4.50
3. 72 erasers for $7.20
4. 8 goldfish for $4
5. 8 gummy candies for $1.12
6. 50 stickers for $3
Use the advertisement to find the unit price in Exercises 7–9.
7. What is the cost per belt if you
buy a belt kit from Arthur’s?
8. What does one foot of ribbon cost?
9. Arthur’s sells another kind of ribbon at
$3.36 for 8 feet. Is the price per foot
of this ribbon greater than or less than
the price of the ribbon shown in the ad?
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
10. Kenzo drove 150 miles in 2.5 hours. What was his rate per hour?
A 6 miles
B 300 miles
C 425 miles
D 60 miles
11. If Sachiko drove 60 miles in 1 hour, how long did it take her to drive 1 mile?
F 1 hour
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
G 30 minutes
(427)
H 1 minute
J 2.5 minutes
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 4.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem-Solving Skill
R 12-5
Choose the Operation
Clues in a problem can help you decide which operation to use.
• Add to combine groups.
• Subtract to compare groups.
• Multiply to combine equal groups.
• Divide to separate into equal groups.
Gene sells lollipops at 5 for a dollar. On Monday, he sold 150 lollipops.
On Tuesday, he sold 135.
Which operation should be used to answer each of the following questions?
How much does 1 lollipop cost? (division)
How many lollipops can you buy for two dollars? (multiplication)
How many lollipops did Gene sell on Monday and Tuesday? (addition)
How many more lollipops did Gene sell on Monday than on Tuesday? (subtraction)
Betty wants to make greeting cards to sell at the school craft fair.
She made a list of all the materials she needs and their prices.
Cons truction paper
$0.10 per sheet
Ribbon
$0.50 per foot
Glue
$3.79 per bot tle
Glit ter
$2.49 per tube
1. Betty needs 1 bottle of glue and 2 bottles of glitter.
How much will she pay?
2. Betty needs 3 sheets of construction paper. What operation can you use to
find the cost? What is the cost?
3. Betty spends $4.50 on ribbon. What operation can you use to find out
how many feet she bought? How many feet did she buy?
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(429)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 5.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem-Solving Skill
H 12-5
Choose the Operation
Len is making clay pots to sell at the school crafts fair. He makes a list of materials and
prices. He plans to sell large pots for $5 each and small pots for $3 each.
Items needed
Cost per unit
8 pounds of clay
$1.85 per pound
glaze—3 colors (red, blue, and green)
$2.99 per jar
1. How would Len figure out the cost of the clay he needs?
a. Add the cost of 1 pound of clay to the number of pounds he needs.
b. Subtract the number of pounds of clay he needs from the money he has.
c. Multiply the cost of 1 pound of clay by the number of pounds he needs.
2. Which of the following shows what Len needs to spend for clay?
a. $1.85
b. (8 ! 3) " $1.85
c. 8 " $1.85
3. If Len buys 1 jar of glaze, how can he figure out his total costs for materials?
a. Multiply the cost of 1 pound of clay by the number of pounds he needs.
Then add that amount to the cost of 1 jar of glaze.
b. Multiply the cost of 1 jar of glaze by the number of pounds of clay he needs.
c. Add the cost of 1 pound of clay to the cost of 1 jar of glaze.
4. Len sells 15 large pots at the crafts fair. Which describes the money he collects?
a. total number of pots divided by the price for 1 pot
b. total number of large pots multiplied by the price for 1 large pot
c. total number of pots added to the price of one pot
5. Which expression represents the money Len would take in if he sells 12
small pots and 8 large pots?
a. ($3 " 12) # ($5 " 8)
b. (12 ! $3) # (8 ! $5)
c. ($3 " 12) " ($5 " 8)
6. Which describes the amount of profit Len makes?
a. Multiply the price of each type of pot he sold by the number of pots sold. Then
divide the product by the cost of materials.
b. Add the price of each type of pot to the cost of materials. Multiply by the number of
pots sold.
c. Multiply the price of each type of pot by the number of each type of pot sold. Subtract
the cost of materials.
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(430)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 5.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Percent
R 12-6
A ratio that shows the relationship between a number and 100 is called
percent. Percent means “per hundred.” The symbol for percent is %.
There are 100 units in the grid at right.
There are 30 shaded units in the grid.
30
!
The ratio !
100 tells how many of the
total squares are shaded.
30
!
The ratio !
100 can be written as 30%.
30% is read as “30 percent.”
30% "
30
!!
100
"
30#10
!!
100#10
"
3
!!
10
simplest form.
Write each ratio as a percent.
45
1. 39 out of 100
4
!
5. !
10
!
2. !
100
3. 11 out of 100
6. 4 out of 100
!
7. !
100
15
7
!
4. !
10
31
!
8. !
50
Tell what percent of each grid is shaded. Then write the ratio in simplest form.
9.
10.
2
!!
25
11.
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
12.
(432)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 6.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding Percent
H 12-6
Write each percent as a ratio. Write the ratio in simplest form.
1. 20%
2. 5%
3. 44%
4. 16%
5. 17%
6. 100%
Tell what percent of each grid is shaded. Then write the ratio in simplest form.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
11. Which of the following does not describe
the shaded part of the grid?
8!
A !
100
C 8%
2!
B !
25
D 92%
12. Which of the following does not describe
the shaded part of the grid?
F 15%
3!
H !
50
15
G !
10!
0
3!
J !
20
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(433)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 6.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Relating Percents, Decimals, and Fractions
R 12-7
Part of the grid at the right is shaded. Forty out of 100 units are shaded.
You can express 40 out of 100 in three different ways.
• As a fraction
40
!!,
100
• As a percent
40%
2
!!
5
in simplest form
Remember that percent means “per hundred.”
• As a decimal 0.40 or 0.4
Example
Express 60 out of 100 as a fraction in simplest form, as a percent,
and as a decimal.
As a fraction:
60 " 100
!!
100 " 10
6"2
3
! # !!
#!
10 " 2
5
As a percent:
As a decimal:
60%
0.6
Write each percent as a decimal and as a fraction in simplest form.
1. 12%
2. 19%
3. 45%
4. 72%
5. 67%
6. 75%
Express each shaded part as a decimal, as a percent, and as fraction in simplest form.
7.
8.
9.
10.
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(435)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 7.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Relating Percents, Decimals, and Fractions
H 12-7
Express each shaded part as a decimal, as a percent, and as a fraction in simplest form.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Write each percent as a decimal and as a fraction in simplest form.
7. 4%
8. 91%
9. 12%
10. 25%
11. 60%
12. 110%
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
A quilt has a design of 100 squares. Each square will be sewed by a different quilter.
The quilters have decided that 40 of the squares will have the names of famous people
from the community sewed on them.
13. What percent of the squares will not have names sewed on them?
A 40%
B 0.04
C 60%
14. What fraction of squares will not have names sewed on them?
4
04
!
F !
100
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
!
G !
100
(436)
60
!
H !
10
D 0.06
3
J !5!
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 7.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finding Percent of a Number
R 12-8
Sales tax is an amount of money collected on a purchase. To find out how much
sales tax you owe, you need to find a percent of a number.
Ms. Robbins plans to park downtown when she
visits the art museum. How much city tax will she
pay? What will be the total she will pay for
parking if she reaches the lot before 10 A.M.?
You know that 11% means
11
!!
100
or 0.11.
in before 10:00
$9.00*
all day
$9.00
$
0.11
!!!
$0.99
The city tax for parking is $0.99.
* plus 11 % city tax
The total for parking is $9.00 " $0.99 # $9.99
1. 5% of 25
2. 10% of 25
3. 42% of 2,500
4. 25% of 5,000
5. 52% of 1,000
6. 15% of 480
7. 33% of 75
8. 16% of 85
9. 22% of 880
10. 9% of 451
11. 11% of 229
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
12. 100% of 490
(438)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 8.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finding Percent of a Number
H 12-8
Find each amount.
1. 3% of 36 !
2. 4% of 56 !
3. 12% of 144 !
4. 8% of 700 !
5. 85% of 100 !
6. 15% of 23 !
7. 12% of 196 !
8. 25% of 640 !
9. 18% of 135 !
10. 21% of 900 !
11. 99% of 560 !
12. 16% of 615 !
13. 13% of 940 !
14. 6% of 1,221!
15. 50% of 888 !
16. 84% of 640 !
Use the answer box to solve the riddle. The numbers below the
answer blanks are the exercise numbers.
Answer
1.08
3.45
122.2
24.3
537.6
444
B
M
I
H
N
O
R
I
2.24
85
98.4
56
17.28
160
E
A
R
J
N
N
Letter
Answer
189 73.26
Letter
A
S
554.4 25.52
Which president was the grandson of the 9th president of the United States?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
17. If sales tax is 9% how much sales tax would you pay on an item costing $240?
A $228
B $21.60
C $22.80
D $2.16
18. If sales tax is 4%, how much sales tax would you pay on an item costing $94?
F $37.60
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
G $3.76
(439)
H $97.76
J $98.00
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 8.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem-Solving Strategy
R 12-9
Make a Table
A TV sports show will feature part of a
figure-skating competition. The table
shows how long each kind of program
takes according to competition rules.
Can the producer show the programs
of 5 skating pairs, 6 ice dancing couples,
and 6 individual skaters in an hour-long
TV broadcast?
Figure Skating
Pair Skaters’
Short Program
2 minutes
Ice Dancers’
Long Program
4 minutes
Individual
Short Program
2 minutes
Understand
You need to find the combined
time for these skating programs.
Plan
Finish the table to organize the data.
Kind of
Program
How Long
It Lasts
Pair Skaters’
Short Program
2 min
Ice Dancers’
Long Program
Individual
Short Program
Number of
Programs
Calculating
the Total
Total
5
2 # 5 " 10
10 min
4 min
6
4 # 6 " 24
24 min
2 min
6
2 # 6 " 12
12 min
Solve
To find the combined time for all of the skating programs,
add. 10 ! 24 ! 12 " 46 minutes. 46 minutes is less than
1 hour. The skating will fit into an hour-long broadcast.
Look Back
How did the table help solve the problem?
1. The TV network has decided to make the program 90 minutes long instead of 1 hour.
Suppose the producer adds the programs of 5 individual skaters, 3 skating pairs, and
2 ice dancing couples. How many minutes of skating will there be in all? Make a table
on another sheet of paper if you need to.
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(441)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 9.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem-Solving Strategy
H 12-9
Make a Table
Make a table to solve Exercises 1-2.
1. The Model Builders Club has been asked to make a display for the town hall. The
club needs to buy air-drying clay that costs $5.00 for a large package, plastic straws
that cost $2.00 a package, paints that cost $8.00 for a set of different colors, and
construction paper that costs $3.00 a package. They need 6 packages of clay,
7 packages of straws, 3 sets of paints, and 4 packages of construction paper. What
is the total cost for these supplies?
a. Complete the table to organize the data.
Price per
Package
or Set
Item
Air-Drying
Clay
$5.00
Number of
Packages
Calculating
the Total
Total
6
Plastic
Straws
Paints
Construction
Paper
b. What is the total cost for all of the supplies?
2. Bowling costs $3 for the first game and $1.50 for each game after that.
a. Fill in the table to show the fees for bowling 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 games.
Bowling Game Fees
Number
of Games
Cost
1
$3.00
b. Kathleen bowled 3 games. How much did she owe?
c. Greg bowled 4 games, and his mother
bowled 3 games. How much did they owe?
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5
(442)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 9.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finding Probability
R 12-10
You have a bag with four marbles–a blue one, a green
one, a red one, and a silver one. If you choose a
marble without looking, what are the chances that you
will choose the silver marble?
In an experiment, such as choosing a marble, each
possible result is an outcome.
In the problem above, there are 4 possible outcomes.
•
•
You could choose the blue marble.
You could choose the red marble.
•
•
You could choose the green marble.
You could choose the silver marble.
One out of the 4 marble choices, the silver one, is called a favorable outcome.
An event can consist of one or more outcomes. You can describe the probability
of choosing the silver marble by using a ratio.
Probability of
number of favorable outcomes
choosing the = !!!!
number of possible outcomes =
silver marble
1 (silver marble)
!!
4 (all marbles)
The probability of choosing the silver marble is
1
!!.
4
The probability of an event is always 0, 1, or any number between 0 and 1. An
impossible event has a probability of 0. A certain event has a probability of 1.
Refer to the same 4 marbles from the problem above. What is the probability
of each of the following outcomes?
1. Choosing the red marble
2. Choosing a red or green marble
3. Choosing a red, green, blue, or silver marble
4. There are are 3 red, 5 green, and 4 yellow marbles in a bag. Without looking, you
choose one. Give the probability of choosing each color.
a. red
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (444)
b. green
c. yellow
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 10.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finding Probability
H 12-10
Suppose you have a cube with faces numbered 1 through 6.
If you toss this cube, which face will land on top?
Write the probability of each outcome in Exercise 1–6.
1. 3
2. a number less than 2
3. an odd number
4. a number greater than 4
5. a number less than 5
6. an even number
A bag contains 12 slips of paper that are the same size. On each slip is written
a month of the year. You take a slip of paper out of the bag without looking.
Then you return each slip to the bag. Find the probability of each of the
outcomes described in Exercises 7–10.
7. a month ending in the letter y
8. a month beginning with the letter J
9. a month that contains the letter r
10. the month of your birthday
A bag contains 15 slips of paper the same size. On each slip is written a
different number from 1 through 15. You take a piece of paper out of the
bag without looking. Then you return each slip to the bag. Find the probability
of each outcome in Exercises 11–13.
11. a number that is your age
12. an even number
13. an odd number
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
A bag contains 5 slips of paper. On each slip is written the name of a member
of the Avila family—Mr. Avila, Mrs. Avila, their son, or one of their two daughters.
You reach in the bag and take a piece of paper without looking.
14. What is the probability that you will choose the name of a female?
1
A !5!
2
B !5!
3
C !5!
15. What is the probability that you will choose a parent’s name?
1
F !5!
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (445)
2
G !5!
3
H !5!
4
D !5!
4
J !5!
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 10.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Predicting Outcomes
R 12-11
A sample is a set of data that can be used to predict the probability of
an event.
Number of Votes
For example, two students collected Favorite Music Group
the data in the table. They surveyed
a fifth-grade class at Beamer School
to find out which of four musical
groups is the most popular.
Quince
3
Cory Anders
30
Axle
15
Spuddy Duds
12
The students surveyed 60 students.
3!
0
1
Of these, 30 said their favorite group was Cory Anders. This means !
60 or !2! of the
students chose Cory Anders. So the probability of a fifth-grade student at Beamer
3!
0
School naming Cory Anders as his or her favorite musical group is !
60 or 50%.
Use the table above for Exercises 1–5. Find the probability that a student would choose
each of the following. Write your answer as a ratio and a percent.
1. Quince
2. Axle
3. Spuddy Duds
4. a group that is not Axle
5. any group but Quince
6. The chart as the right shows the results
of a survey in which students were
asked to name their favorite subject.
Find the probability that a student
would name a subject listed below.
Write your answer as a percent.
a. history
b. reading
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (447)
Favorite Subject Survey
Subject
Number
English
12
Science
13
Reading
10
Math
13
History
12
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 11.
Name
Predicting Outcomes
H 12-11
Herb sells fresh herbs to local restaurants. He’s using
a record of last year’s sales to predict this year’s
sales. Find the probability that a restaurant will buy
each type of herb. Write your answer as a ratio in
simplest form.
1. parsley
2. sage
3. rosemary
4. golden thyme
5. lemon thyme
6. basil
Herb’s Herb Sales
Herb
Bunches Sold
parsley
250
sage
200
rosemary
175
golden thyme
150
lemon thyme
75
basil
150
7. Herb has decided to concentrate on growing herbs that are responsible for the
greatest profit. Should he decide not to grow lemon thyme? Explain why or why not.
8. Four out of five gardeners recommend Fishy Fertilizer. Nine out of ten gardeners
recommend Growing Goop fertilizer. Which product has a higher probability of
being recommended? Explain.
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
9. The growing season where Herb lives lasts about 6 months or 180 days. Over the
last 10 years, on average, it has rained 108 days during the growing season. What
is the probability that it will rain on any given day during the growing season?
A 21.5%
B 1/6
C 60%
D 108%
10. What is the probability, based on last year’s sales, that a restaurant will buy golden
thyme or basil from Herb this year?
35
F !
10!
0
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (448)
3
G !
1!
0
6
H !
1!
5
1
J !3!
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 11.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tree Diagrams
R 12-12
You have a blue shirt, a white shirt, a black tie, and a striped tie.
How many different shirt and tie combinations can you make?
Make a tree diagram.
Shirt Color Choices
blue shirt
white shirt
Tie Choices
Possible Outcomes
black tie
blue, black
striped tie
blue, striped
black tie
white, black
striped tie
white, striped
There are 4 possible shirt and tie combinations.
What is the probability that you will choose a blue shirt with a black tie?
There are 4 possible outcomes. Only 1 in 4 is a blue shirt with a black tie.
So, the probability is
1
!!.
4
Use the tree diagram above for Exercises 1–4.
1. What is the probability that you will choose a white shirt and a black tie?
2. What is the probability that you will choose a black tie?
3. What is the probability that you will choose a white shirt?
4. What is the probability that you will choose a red tie?
5. What is the probability you will choose a striped shirt and white tie?
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (450)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 12.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tree Diagrams
H 12-12
Enrique drew a T-shirt design for his
5th-grade class. The shirts are available in
red, blue, and purple. The design will be
printed on the shirts in either white or black.
1. Make a tree diagram to show the kinds of T-shirts that are available.
Test Prep Circle the correct letter for each answer.
Use the tree diagram from Exercise 1 for Exercises 2–3.
2. What is the probability of choosing a purple shirt?
4
2
A !6! or !3!
1
B !2!
2
1
C !6! or !3!
3
D !6!
3. What is the probability of choosing a black design?
2
F !3!
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (451)
1
G !4!
2
1
H !6! or !3!
3
1
J !6! or !2!
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 12.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem-Solving Application
R 12-13
Using Circle Graphs
Brett weaves and sells belts. He uses a circle graph
to show his sales by color. Which two colors are
most popular?
Understand
You need to find the
two most popular colors
Plan
A circle graph
is divided into sections,
one for each color. The
whole circle represents
100% of his sales. The size
of each section depends on
what part of the total amount
it represents.
Solve
Belt Sales
Green
Blue
Tan
Purple
The largest section of this graph
is for green. The most popular
color is green.
The second-largest section
is for blue. The second most
popular color is blue.
Look Back
Use logical reasoning. Since the sections for tan and purple are
smaller than the sections for blue and green, tan and purple are
not the two most popular colors.
Use the circle graph above for Exercises 1-4.
1. Which color belt is least popular?
2. Tan belts represent what percent of the total sales?
3. Purple and blue belts contribute to what percent of the sales?
4. Belts of which two colors combined sold about the same percent as blue belts?
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (453)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 13.
Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem-Solving Application
H 12-13
Using Circle Graphs
Use the circle graph for Exercises 1–6.
1. Which item is most popular?
Sales at the Big Store
Sports
Equipment
2. Which item is least popular?
Dolls
Board
Games
3. What percent of the sales are from board
games and sports equipment combined?
4. Which item made up 25% of the sales?
Bikes
Computer
Games
10%
5. Did the store sell more dolls and computer
games combined than bikes? Explain.
6. Which two categories combined accounted
for 50% of the sales?
7. The Big Store had a one-day sale of
computer games. Complete the circle graph
to show the sales figures for that day.
On each section of the graph, be sure to
label the percent as well as the kind of toy.
Computer Games: 100 sold
Bikes: 30 sold
Dolls: 50 sold
Sports Equipment: 10 sold
Board Games: 10 sold
© Scott Foresman, Gr. 5 (454)
Use with Chapter 12, Lesson 13.