[1]
I hate supermarkets. They are so crowded. And they are so expensive. The prices horrify me.
[2]
The girls did well.
There were lot of prizes.
The first prize went to Celia.
Celia got the first prize
[3]
.
An uncle, three cousins, and two brothers benefited from the will.
The will benefited an uncle, three cousins and two brothers.
A red sport car was behind the bus.
The bus was in front of a red sport car.
[4]
Who makes these table mats? - They are made by my sister-in-law.
[5]
That he was promoted astonished me.
I was astonished that he was promoted.
[6]
But all the problems were finally solved.
[7]
To hear him say that surprised me.
It surprised me to hear him say that.
[8]
I like cheese for breakfast.
What I like for breakfast is cheese
[9]
Peter left the windows unlocked.
What Peter did was (to) leave the windows unlocked.
[10]
*A Chinese restaurant is round the corner.
Where can we eat? - There is a Chinese restaurant round the corner.
[11]
There was a furniture van outside the house.
There's a concert next week.
There are some letters for you.
[12]
There was dust everywhere.
There's far too much traffic.
Is there any more tea on the pot?
[13]
What can I stand on to reach this shelf? - Well, there is the stepladder.
[14]
There is a letter for you.
There are some letters for you.
There's some friends of yours outside. (informal)
I didn't expect there to be such a crowd.(that there would be)
The village is very isolated, there being no bus service. (because there is no bus service)
[15]
It's difficult to make new friends.
It was a pity so few people came.
It amazes me how much money people can earn.
I find it difficult to make new friends.
[16]
[17]
There is a young lady at the door.
It is Betty.
There are some clouds in the sky.
It is cloudy.
There isn't any truth in the story.
It isn't true what they say.
I like dogs, but cats I can’t stands.
How he does it I don’t simply know.
An utter fool she made me feel.
They spent the morning sightseeing. In the afternoon, they went to the cinema.
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[18]
Outside the house was a furniture van.
The room contained a table and four chairs. On the table lay a newspaper.
The palace is heavily guarded. Inside its walls sit the European leaders.
Up into the air went the balloon.
Into the stifling smoke ran the desperate mother.
Into the stifling smoke we ran.
And there goes Williams! There he goes, look!
Outside the house the two women talked.
Outside the house the two women were standing.
[19]
Never have I seen anything like that.
Seldom has the team given a worse performance.
On no condition are they going to open the fire without a warning.
Hardly had the train left the station when there was an explosion.
No sooner had I reached the door than I realised it was locked.
No sooner was I in bed than the phone rang again.
[20]
Only if you pay immediately will you be allowed to use the car.
Only by using a computer can you decrease the expenses.
Only then will you be sure of the success.
Only after I got home did I notice that I had the wrong umbrella.
Not until I got home did I notice that I had the wrong umbrella.
Only Mary realised that the door was not locked.
[21]
So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover.
Such was the force of the storm that the trees were uprooted.
[22]
Should he call, please let me know
Were you to come, could you please bring the money with you?
Had we met before, I would know what his profession is/
[23]
Although it may seem/be difficult, it is not impossible.
Difficult as/though it may seem/be, it is not impossible.
Though he works slowly, he never makes mistakes.
Slowly though / as he works, he never makes mistakes.
Though he tried, he couldn't solve the problem.
Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.
[24]
Oil costs less than would atomic energy.
She looks forward, as does her secretary, to the completion of the building.
[25]
John wore a white suit at the dance last night.
It was John who wore a white suit at the dance last night.
It was a white suit that John wore at the dance last night.
It was last night that John wore a white suit at the dance.
It was at the dance that John wore a white suit last night.
[26]
I wanted plain paper, not ruled.
[27]
I've got a terrible memory.
It's a huge building.
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I'd love a cup of coffee.
It’s far, far too expensive.
[28]
You can dial direct to Brazil. Tom said you can't.
I haven't taken your pen. I haven't touched it.
Are you tired? - Yes, I am. I'm exhausted.
[29]
The garden does look nice.
I did post the letter, I'm absolutely certain.
[30]
It was not at all cold. It was not cold at all.
I wasn't interested in the slightest.
I wasn't the least bit interested.
There were none left at all.
There were no tickets left whatsoever.
[31]
It was my own idea.
[32]
At the very same moment, the telephone rang.
It was very cold indeed.
[33]
Whatever are you doing? Whoever told you that?
[34]
I actually went inside one of the Pyramids.
It is by no means certain that the match will take place.
This book is utter nonsense!
[35]
It was absolutely fantastic.
This guide book is utterly useless.
So she is.
[36]
She is so beautiful.
So is she.
“I should be going now.” – “So you should.”
[37]
David reads the same book over and over again.
[38]
I tried and tried, but it was no use.
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Exercise 1.Choose the most suitable words underlined.
1. Jim promised that he would never/never would he tell anyone else.
2. Not until it was too late I remembered/did I remember to call Sue.
3. Hardly had we settled down in our seats than/when the lights went out.
4. Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer.
5. At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of the usual.
6. Only Sue and Sally passed/did Sue and Sally pass the final examination.
7. So the waves were high/So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous.
8. Only when Peter has arrived/has Peter arrived can we begin the meeting.
9. No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out.
10. If should I leave early/Should I leave early, could you give me a lift.
Exercise 2. Rewrite each sentence, starting as shown, so that the meanings stays the same.
1. It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting. Not until……………..................................
2. The facts were not all made public until later.Only .............................................................................................................
3. If I had realised what would happen, I wouldn't have accepted the job. Had ......................................................................
4. The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more staff.Such ................................................................
5. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder. Not only ...............................................................................................
6. The police didn't at all suspect that the judge was the murderer. Little ...............................................................................
7. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? Should .................................................................................
8. The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident in any way. In ........................................................................................
9. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled. So .................................................................................
10. If the government raised interest rates, they would lose the election. Were .......................................................................
Exercise 3. Rewrite the sentences so that you change the underlined phrase but you do not use the words in italics.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
It never seemed likely that the disagreement would be settled. ……….…………………………………………..
We were not allowed into the country until our visas had been double-checked. ………………………………..
You are not to visit the old part of the town on your own, whatever happens. ..…………………………………..
He may be not stupid, but he is very lazy. ………………….……………………………………………………..
You do not often come across someone as well-informed as Charles. ………………….………………………..
He would not have mastered the language if he hadn’t spent so many years in England. ………………………...
We just sat down to eat when the phone rang. ……………………………………………………………………..
I refuse to work for that company again. …………………………………………………………………………..
She didn’t really realise what was about to happen. ………………………………………………………………..
He acts so well that the audience hang on his every word. ………………………………………………………..
Exercise 4. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase.
1. ........................................................... had we arrived at the hotel when there was a power cut.
2. ............................................................... are members of staff to accept gratuities from clients.
3. ................................................................... Detective Dawson realise what she was to discover.
4. ................................................................ so many employees taken sick leave at the same time.
5. .................................................. to pay full amount now, there would be a 10 per cent discount.
6. I supposed, as ........................................................... most people, that I would be retiring at 60.
7. ......................................................................................... the doctors seen a more difficult case.
8. .................................................... Jean win the first prize, but she was also offered a promotion.
9. .................................................... will late arrivals be admitted to the theatre before the interval.
10. ................................................. one missing child been found than another three disappeared.
Exercise 5. Rearrange these words to make meaningful sentences. The first word in each sentence is correct.
1. So becoming more seeking stressful cities life and that alternatives is people more some in are
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Under take own circumstances matters residents their should into no hands
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Little chairman to signed was land desk petition 50,000 was on a by his aware the that people about
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Here sturdy town stood of fortifications once the the
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. On property account will you everything tell no believe should developers you.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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6. Not further way only already unemployment a problem also losses job was on were the but
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Such crime leaving residents could impact was the they area the of if that were in.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. In jeopardise scheme want no of did success they way to the the
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Not development councillor one the accepted the view invitation to
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Little demolition quickly neither did did expect to the she and start I so work
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 6. Complete each sentence with one suitable element.
1. You can't complain. It's your .......................................................... fault, isn't it?
2. - That looks like Janet.
- .............................................................. it is! My goodness, hasn't she changed.
3. I'm sorry to keep you waiting. I ........................ hope you haven't been here long.
4. It is by no ...................... certain that the Prime Minister will attend the meeting.
5. ....................................................... I really enjoy in winter is a bowl of hot soup.
6. I searched and ............................................. for my keys but I couldn't find them.
7. ................................................... you are all going to sleep I can't quite work out.
8. What the government then .......................................... was to raise interest rates.
9. There isn't much to eat, ........................................... we've got is some leftovers.
10. Cathy wasn't in the ................... put out when I couldn't make it to her wedding.
Exercise 7. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the same.
1. The bad weather continued for days. AFTER …………………….............................................................................
2. The car doesn't need anything else except new tyres. ALL ……............................................................................
3. I can't stand getting up early. WHAT ……………………………............................................................................
4. Brenda didn't worry at all about her exams. LEAST ……………............................................................................
5. I felt extremely tired. INDEED ………………………………….............................................................................
6. Keith told me about the hotel. WHO ……………………………............................................................................
7. That's exactly the same book I'm reading. VERY ……………….............................................................................
8. Please stay longer. DO …………………………………………..............................................................................
9. It was a really awful film. JUST ………………………………..............................................................................
10. I had spent all my money. WHATSOEVER ……………………...........................................................................
Exercise 8. Choose the most appropriate word or words underlined.
1. Don't worry, I'm at all tired/not at all tired.
2. I thought that speech was utter/utterly rubbish.
3. It was because/why the car broke down that we missed our plane.
4. - You are sitting on my hat! - So am I/So I am.
5. The sea was so rough that actually/even the experienced sailors were seasick.
6. Whatever/Why ever are you looking at me like that for?
7. I would like to make it quite/simply clear that we are just good friends.
8. This is my very private/very own computer.
9. On this course, we absolutely expect/do expect you to work hard.
10. There were warnings, but nothing whatsoever/nothing simply was done.
Exercise 9. Choose the most suitable word or phrase given.
1. I expected to receive three letters, but none ...... arrived.
a/ all
b/ completely c/ whatsoever d/ utterly
2. I was so tired I ........ had to take a nap.
a/ simply
b/ utterly
c/ quite
d/ by no means
3. I'll take this tie. It's the ........ thing I'm looking for.
a/ just
b/ quite
c/ sheer
d/ very
4. If you ask me, it's a/an ......... waste of time.
a/ sheer
b/ absolutely c/ very
d/ really
5. I ......... like your new shoes. Where did you buy them?
a/ would
b/ do
c/ utterly
d/ just
6. Helen's new boyfriend is not ........ what I expected.
a/ at all
b/ just
c/ absolutely d/ very
7. ......... do you think you are doing, might I ask?
a/ Actually b/ Just
c/ Whatsoever d/ Whatever
8. Paul ......... had the nerve to blame me for the whole mess!
a/ quite
b/ simply
c/ actually
d/ really
9. No, I don't have a car. I can't ........... drive.
a/ quite
b/ utterly
c/ simply
d/ even
10. I ........ had to tell you the news! I'm expecting a baby!
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a/ just
b/ did
c/ utterly
d/ quite
Exercise 10. Rewrite the sentences, using the word in capitals, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. It terrifies me just to think about climbing that mountain. MERE ……………………………………………………..
2. I feel deep gratitude for your help. INDEED ….………………………………………………………………………..
3. I’m not surprised at all that you won the race. LEAST ..………………………………………………………………..
4. Absolutely no one in the team is a better player than Jack. EXCEPTION ……………………………………………..
5. He’s the quickest learner I’ve ever met. SUCH ………………………………………………………………………..
6. I’ve told you this on innumerable occasions. TIME …………………………………………………………………….
7. He’s good at nothing except long distance running. ONE ……………………………………………………………..
8. On looking around we realised that we were totally lost. WELL ……………………………………………………..
9. I’m afraid that a rematch is completely impossible. WHATSOEVER ………………………………………………..
10. The opposition were just too strong to beat. SUCH ………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 11. Complete the following using the information given to make cleft or pseudo-cleft sentences as
indicated.
1. What makes people experiment with drugs ? (perhaps boredom, a longing for excitement)
Perhaps it’s .............................................................................................................................
2. Do we find drug taking among all age-groups ? ( I think mainly among the young )
I think it’s ...............................................................................................................................
3. We need to make people realise the drug-taking is self-destructive.
What .......................................................................................................................................
4. But some people think that drugs should be legal.
What .......................................................................................................................................
5. They say the glamour of doing something illegal attracts people.
They say it’s .............................................................................................................................
6. Many people don’t realise that ordinary drug-takers need big money to buy drugs with.
What .........................................................................................................................................
7. Most governments want to stop drugs coming into their countries.
What .........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 12. Rewrite the following to give end-focus to the underlined element.
1. I enjoy Mahler more than any other composer
2. A man in a black raincoat bought the Sheraton chairs.
3. Staying at Luke’s was never boring.
4. A rifle shot interrupted our picnic.
5. It was the following Tuesday that the rains started.
6. They love it and we love it too.
7. There was a fanfare and the champion marched in.
8. I shouldn’t think so.
Exercise 13. Rewrite the following sentences, fronting the underlined word(s) and using any necessary inversion.
1. Our favourite is roast beef and Yorkshire pudding.
2. He’d never heard of such a thing.
3. The President jumped up , his face burning.
4. The President said, ‘Resign ? I shall never resign.’
5. They ran off at full speed.
6. It was the dog that died.
He was not very angry, either.
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