James G. Kaskey
Memorial Park
School of Arts and Sciences
Department of Biology
433 S. University Ave
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018
InvasivePlantPolicyfor
TheJamesG.KaskeyMemorialPark
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................2
POLICYONREMOVALANDUSEOFINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES...................................................2
Table1RED-LISTINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES................................................................................4
Table2ORANGE-LISTINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES........................................................................5
Table3YELLOW-LISTINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES-REMOVE&REPLACE....................................6
Table4WATCHLIST...................................................................................................................7
AppendixI.COMMONWEALTHOFPENNSYLVANIACOMPLETEINVASIVEPLANTSPECIESLIST
....................................................................................................................................................11
AppendixII.INVASIVEPLANTSPECIESVOLUNTARYCODESOFCONDUCTFORBOTANICGARDENS&
ARBORETA..................................................................................................................................14
DocumentrevisedDecember,2016
InvasivePlantPolicyfortheJamesG.KaskeyMemorialPark
INTRODUCTION
Invasiveplantspeciesarenon-nativespeciesthatareintroducedtoanareaandquicklybecome
establish,oftenshowingextremelyaggressivebehavioranddisplacingotherplants.Invasiveplantscan
beintroducedbyaccident(e.g.seedsaccidentlypackagedandtransportedoncargoships),oron
purposeasornamentalplants(e.g.burningbushwasintroducedforitsfallfoliagecolor).Thesenonnativespeciesareoftenlimitedintheirnaturalhabitatsbypests,disease,orcompetition,butbecome
uncheckedinourregionandcanoutcompetenativespeciesastheyhavenonaturalpredatorshere.It
isimportanttonotethoughthatnotallnon-nativespeciesareinvasive,andsomenativespeciescan
beveryaggressiveinagarden.Forthisdocument,theJamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkadoptsthe
MorrisArboretumoftheUniversityofPennsylvania’sdefinitionofanativeplant,whichisanyspecies
ofplantthatwasgrowinginPennsylvaniapriortotheearliestsettlementofEuropeansinthearea.
PlantsthathavearrivedinPennsylvanianaturallysincethistimearealsoconsiderednative.The
nativitystatusofplantscanbecheckedthroughtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture’sPLANTS
database(plants.usda.gov).
ThisfollowingdocumentservesasaninvasiveplantpolicyfortheJamesG.KaskeyMemorialPark
(KaskeyPark)forhowtoproperlyhandleinvasiveplantsandhowtoprioritizeremovalofthese
species.Sincethegardenisclosetothreeneighboringstates(NewJersey,Delaware,andMaryland)
invasivespeciesinthesestatesarealsoconsideredaspotentialthreats.Thefollowingsiteswere
consultedtoacquirethemostaccurate,up-to-date,listofinvasivespeciesineachstate.
Pennsylvania-http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/plants/invasiveplants/
Maryland-http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/invasive_species_md.html
Delaware-http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/
NewJersey-http://www.njisst.org/
ItshouldbenotedthattheinformationfromNewJerseycomesfromanon-governmentalcitizen
scienceorganizationcalledtheNewJerseyInvasiveSpeciesStrikeTeam.Whiletheirlistisvery
comprehensiveitdoesincludesomespeciesthatareconsiderednativetothelower48statesonthe
USDAPLANTSdatabase.Theseplantsarethereforenotconsiderednon-nativebytheJamesG.Kaskey
Parkandcannotbeclassifiedasinvasive.ThesespecieswereremovedfromtheNewJerseylistpriorto
thefollowingrecommendationsbeingmade.Allremainingspecieswerethencheckedforspelling
accuracyandcorrectnomenclatureusingThePlantListwebsiteonline(theplantlist.org).Withthe
informationgainedfromtheseplantliststhefollowingprotocolshavebeenproposedandacceptedby
theKaskeyParkStaffandFacultyAdvisoryCommittee.
POLICYONREMOVALANDUSEOFINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES
1. NoplantlistedonthePennsylvania’sDNCRinvasiveplantwebsitewillbeplantedwithinthe
Park,orothergreenspaceoverseenbythebiologystaff.Thispolicywillgointoeffectonceall
landscapessurroundingtheStephenA.LevinBuildinghavebeenhandedovertotheoversight
oftheBiologystaff.Landscapearchitectureplanshadalreadybeencreatedandinstallation
begunpriortothecreationofthispolicysoatemporarypostponementmustbeallowed.Plants
12/2016JamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkInvasivePlantPolicy
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thatarealreadyinthegardenandlistedasinvasiveshouldberemovedperseverityofinvasive
threatasdescribedbelow.
2. Toprioritizeplantsforremovalfromthegarden,anyplantthatislistedasinvasiveinallfour
statesshouldbeactivelysoughtafterandremovedinanywaypossibleandasquicklyas
possible.Theseplantswarrantuseofherbicidestoensurecompleteeradicationfromthe
garden.Constantvigilanceshouldbegiventoensuretheseplantstodonotreestablishwithin
theKaskeyPark,orothergreenspaceoverseenbythebiologystaff,oncetheyareremoved.
Largematuretreesthatarepresentinthegardenandareinvasiveinallfourstatesshouldbe
removedquickly,butforvariousrestraintscannotallberemovedatonce.Aconstanteffort
shouldbemadetoremovelargeinvasivetreespecies.Whenpossiblereplacementtreesshould
beplanted.Plantslistedasinvasiveinallfourstatesareconsideredred-listinvasiveplant
species(Table1).
3. Plantsthatarelistedasinvasiveinthreeoutofthefourstatesconsultedshouldberemoved
whenseeninthegarden,thoughareconsideredtonotbeassevereofathreatasthered-list
invasiveplantsmentionedabove.Theseareconsideredorange-listinvasiveplantspecies.When
workinginanareaallorange-listinvasiveplantsshouldberemovedandwhenwoodyplantsare
presentherbicidesmayberequiredtoensurecompleteremovaloftheplant(Table2).Large
maturetreeslabeledasorange-listedinvasivespeciesshouldbetargetedforremovalafterall
red-listedinvasivematuretreesareremoved.Whenpossiblereplacementtreesshouldbe
planted.
4. PlantsplacedonthePADCNRlistbutarenotclassifiedasredororangelistinvasiveplants
shouldalsoberemovedfromthegardenbutarenotashighpriorityastheotherplants
mentionedabove.Goodalternativesshouldberesearchedandusedtoreplacetheseinvasive
plants,thoughthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanwithnativeplantspecies.Baresoilandempty
gardenscanpromotetheestablishmentofnewinvasiveplantssoaplanforreplacement
shouldbecreatedbeforethesePA-invasiveplantsareremoved,andplantsshouldbequickly
installedtoreplacethem.Thesearelabeledasyellow-listinvasiveplantspecies(Table3).
5. Somespeciesidentifiedforremovalarepresentinlargequantities,orareonlyvisiblefor
certainperiodsoftheyear.Theseproblematicspeciesinclude,butarenotlimitedto,Hedera
helix,Ficariaverna,Ornithogalumnutans,andOrnithogalumumbellatum.Forthese
problematicinvasiveplantsaneffortmustbecontinuouslymadeeachyeartolimittheirspread
andtoreducetheirpopulationnumbers.Red-listinvasivespeciesshouldalwaysbeprioritized,
butallproblematicinvasivespeciesshouldbetargetedattheopportunetimesoftheyearfor
theirremoval.
6. PlantsnotlistedasinvasiveinPennsylvania,butinvasiveinoneortwooftheneighboring
statesdonotneedtoberemovedfromthegarden,butshouldbewatchedforsignsof
potentialinvasivebehaviors(Table4).Someoftheseplantsmaybeconsideredcommonweeds
inthegardenandshouldstillberemovedforaestheticsanddisplaypurposesbutarenot
consideredinvasive.
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Table1RED-LISTINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES
SPECIES
Acerplatanoides
Ailanthusaltissima
Alliariapetiolata
Ampelopsisglandulosavar.Brevipedunculata
Berberisthunbergii
Cardamineimpatiens
Celastrusorbiculatus
Centaureastoebe
Cirsiumarvense
Egeriadensa
Elaeagnusumbellata
Euonymusfortunei
Ficariaverna
Frangulaalnus
Hederahelix
Humulusscandens
Hydrillaverticillata
Lonicerajaponica
Loniceratatarica
Lythrumsalicaria
Microstegiumvimineum
Miscanthussinensis
Myriophyllumaquaticum
Myriophyllumspicatum
Perillafrutescens
Phalarisarundinacea
Polygonumperfoliatum
Puerariamontanavar.Lobata
Pyruscalleryana
Reynoutriajaponica
Rhamnuscathartica
Rhodotyposscandens
Rosamultiflora
Trapanatans
Wisteriasinensis
12/2016JamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkInvasivePlantPolicy
Commonname
Norwaymaple
TreeofHeaven
Garlicmustard
Porcelainberry
Japanesebarberry
Narrowleafbittercress
Orientalbittersweet
Spottedknapweed
Canadathistle
Brazillianwaterweed
Autumnolive
Wintercreeper
Lessercelandine
Glossybuckthorn
Englishivy
Japanesehops
Hydrilla
Japanesehoneysuckle
Tartarianhoneysuckle
Purpleloosestrife
Japanesestiltgrass
Chinesesilvergrass
Parrotfeather
Eurasianwater-milfoil
Beefsteakplant
Reedcanarygrass
Mile-a-minuteweed
Kudzuvine
Callery/bradforpear
Japaneseknotweed
Commonbuckthorn
Jetbead
Multiflorarose
Waterchestnut
Chinesewisteria
-4-
Table2ORANGE-LISTINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES
SPECIES
Akebiaquinata
Albiziajulibrissin
Anthriscussylvestris
Araliaelata
Arthraxonhispidus
Broussonetiapapyrifera
Buddlejadavidii
Cabombacaroliniana
Cirsiumvulgare
Coniummaculatum
Eichhorniacrassipes
Euonymusalatus
Hemerocallisfulva
Heracleummantegazzianum
Irispseudacorus
Lespedezacuneata
Ligustrumobtusifolium
Lonicerafragrantissima
Loniceramaackii
Morusalba
Murdanniakeisak
Paulowniatomentosa
Phellodendronamurense
Phragmitesaustralis
Phyllostachysaurea
Potamogetoncrispus
Reynoutriasachaliensis
Rubusphoenicolasius
Saccharumravennae
Sorghumhalepense
Spiraeajaponica
Viburnumplicatum
Vincetoxicumnigrum
Wisteriafloribunda
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Commonname
Chocolatevine
Silktreemimosa
Wildchervil
JapaneseAngelicatree
Smallcarpetgrass
Papermulberrry
Butterflybush
Carolinafanwort
Bullthistle
Poisinhemlock
Waterhyacinth
Wingedburningbush
Daylily
Gianthogweed
YellowflagIris
Chinesebushclover
Borderprivet
SweetBreathofSpring
Amurhoneysuckle
Whitemulberry
Marshdayflower
Princess-tree
Amurcorktree
Commonphragmites
Runningbamboo
Curlypondweed
Giantknotweed
Wineberry
Ravennagrass
Johnsongrass
Japanesespiraea
Japanesesnowball
Blackswallow-wort
Japaneswisteria
-5-
Table3YELLOW-LISTINVASIVEPLANTSPECIES-REMOVE&REPLACE
SPECIES
Acerpseudoplatanus
Acertataricumsubsp.Ginnala
Aegopodiumpodagraria
Alnusglutinosa
Berberisvulgaris
Bromussterilis
Bromustectorum
Carduusnutans
Centaureajacea
Centaureanigra
Chelidoniummajus
Daturastramonium
Elaeagnusangustifolia
Epilobiumhirsutum
Epilobiumparviflorum
Galegaofficinalis
Hesperismatronalis
Holcuslanatus
Lespedezajunceavar.Sericea
Ligustrum
Ludwigiapeploides
Lysimachianummularia
Oplismenusundulatifolius
Ornithogalumnutans
Ornithogalumumbellatum
Pachysandraterminalis
Pastinacasativa
Persicarialongiseta
Poatrivialis
Schedonorusxarundinaceus
Securigeravaria
Sorghumbicolor
Tetradiumdaniellii
Typhaangustifolia
Typhaxglauca
Ulmuspumila
Viburnumopulus
Vincamajor
Vincaminor
Vincetoxicumrossicum
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Commonname
Sycamoremaple
Amurmaple
Goutweed
Europeanblackalder
Europeanbarberry
Povertybrome
Cheatgrass
Muskthistle
Brownknapweed
Blackknapweed
Greatercelandine
Jimsonweed
Russianolive
Smallflowerandhairywillowherb
Smallflowerwillowherb
Goat'srue
Dame'srocket
Commonvelvetgrass
Shrubbybushclover
Privets
Creepingwaterprimrose
Moneywort
Wavyleafbasketgrass
DroopingStar-of-bethlehem
Star-of-bethlehem
Japanesepachysandra
Wildparsnip
Bristledknotweed
Roughbluegrass
Tallfescue
Crown-vetch
Shattercane
Bee-beetree
Narrowleafcattail
Hybridcattail
Siberianelm
Guelderrose
Bigleafperiwinkle
Commonperiwinkle
PaleSwallow-wort
-6-
Table4WATCHLIST
SPECIES
Acerpalmatum
Achyranthesbidentata
Acoruscalamus
Actinidiaarguta
Agrostisgigantea
Agrostisstoloniferavar.Stolonifera
Ajugareptans
Aldrovandavesiculosa
Alliumvineale
Artemisiaannua
Artemisiastelleriana
Artemisiavulgaris
Arumitalicum
Berberisjulianae
Berberisrepens
Brassicanigra
Bromusjaponicus
Callitrichestagnalis
Carduusacanthoides
Carexkobomugi
Caulerpataxifolia
Centaureanigrescens
Citrustrifoliata
Clematisflammula
Clematisterniflora
Coincyamonensis
Commelinacommunisvar.Communis
Convolvulusarvensis
Cornuskousa
Corydalisincisa
Cruciataglabra
Cuscutajaponica
Cynodondactylon
Cyperusdifformis
Cyrtomiumfalcatum
Cytisusscoparius
Daucuscarota
Deutziascabra
Digitariasanguinalis
Dioscoreapolystachya
Dipsacusfullonum
Dipsacuslaciniatus
12/2016JamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkInvasivePlantPolicy
Commonname
Japanesemaple
Japanesechaffflower
Sweetflag
Hardykiwi
Giantbentgrass
Spreadingbentgrass
Carpetbugleweed
Waterwheelplant
Wildgarlic
Annualwormwood
Oldwoman
Mugwort
Italianarum
Wintergreenbarberry
Creepingmahonia
Blackmustard
Japanesebrome
Waterstarwort
Plumelessthistle
Japanesesandsedge
Marinemacroalgae
Short-fringedknapweed
Hardyorange
Fragrantclematis
Japaneseclematis
Wallflower-cabbage
Light-blueAsiaticdayflower
Fieldbindweed
Kousadogwood
Purplekeman
Yellowspringbedstraw
Purplestemmeddodder
Bermudagrass
Variableflatsedge
Japanesenet-veinedhollyfern
Scotchbroom
Wildcarrot
Duetzia
Hairycrabgrass
Chineseyam
Commonteasel
Cutleafteasel
-7-
SPECIES
Echinochloacrus-gali
Elaeagnuspungens
Elaeagnusrhamnoides
Eleutherococcussieboldianus
Eragrostiscurvula
Euonymuseuropaeus
Falcariavulgaris
Fallopiabaldschuanica
Fatouavillosa
Festucatrachyphylla
Galanthusnivalis
Galiummollugo
Glechomahederacea
Glossostigmacleistanthum
Hederahibernica
Hieraciumflagellare
Hostaventricosa
Houttuyniacordata
Hyacinthoideshispanica
Hydrocharismorsus-ranae
Hypericumperforatum
Hypochaerisradicata
Ilexcrenata
Impatiensglandulifera
Imperatacylindrica
Irisdomesticus
Kalopanaxseptemlobus
Koelreuteriaelegans
Koelreuteriapaniculata
Kummerowiastipulacea
Lamiumgaleobdolon
Lespedezathunbergii
Leucanthemumvulgare
Leucojumaestivum
Ligustrumovalifolium
Ligustrumsinense
Ligustrumvulgare
Liliumlancifolium
Loniceracaprifolium
Lonicerastandishii
Lotuscorniculatus
Ludwigiapeploidessubsp.Glabrescens
Lycopuseuropaeus
Lythrumhyssopifolia
12/2016JamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkInvasivePlantPolicy
Commonname
Barnyardgrass
Thornyelaeagnus
Seaberry
Five-leafaralia
Weepinglovegrass
Europeanspindletree
Sickleweed
Bukharafleeceflower
Hairycrabweed
Ovinafescue
Snowdrops
Madderbedstraw
Ground-ivy
Mudmat
Atlanticivy
Hawkweed
Blueplantainlily
Chameleon-plant
Spanishbluebells
Europeanfrog-bit
AlienSt.John's-wort
Spottedcat's-ear
Japaneseholly
Himalayanbalsam
Cogongrass
Blackberrylily
Castoraralia
Goldenraintree
Goldenraintree
Koreanclover
Yellowarchangel
Thunberg'sbushclover
Oxeyedaisy
Summersnowflake
Californiaprivet
Chineseprivet
Europeanprivet
Tigerlilly
Italianwoodbine
Standish'shoneysuckle
Bird's-foottrefoil
Floatingseedbox
Europeanbugleweed
Hyssoploosestrife
-8-
SPECIES
Macleayacordata
Magnoliakobus
Mahoniabealei
Malusbaccata
Malustoringo
Marsileaquadrifolia
Morusaustralis
Myosotisscorpioides
Najasminor
Narcissuspseudonarcissus
Nasturtiumofficinale
Nitellopsusobtusa
Nymphoidespeltata
Oenanthejavanica
Oplismenushirtellus
Osmanthusheterophyllus
Parthenocissustricuspidata
Pennisetumalopecuroides
Pennisetumsetaceum
Persicariahydropiper
Persicariaorientalis
Phalariscanariensis
Photiniavillosa
Phragmitesaustralissubsp.Australis
Pilosellacaespitosa
Pimpinellasaxifraga
Pinusthunbergii
Poacompressa
Populusalba
Populusxcanescens
Potentillareptans
Prunusavium
Prunussubhirtellavar.Pendula
Pyrusbetulifolia
Quercusacutissima
Ranunculusbulbosus
Ranunculusrepens
Rhamnusdavurica
Rhamnusutilis
Ribesrubrum
Rorippasylvestris
Rosacanina
Rosaluciae
Rottboelliacochinchinensis
12/2016JamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkInvasivePlantPolicy
Commonname
Plumepoppy
Kobusmagnolia
Beale'sOregon-grape
Siberiancrabapple
Japanesecrabapple
Europeanwater-clover
Chinesemulberry
Trueforget-me-not
Brittlenaiad
Daffodil
Watercress
Starrystonewort
Yellowfloatingheart
Javadropwort
Wavyleafbasketgrass
Hollyosmanthus
Bostonivy
Chinesefountaingrass
Blackfountaingrass
Marshpeppersmartweed
Prince'splumesmartweed
Canarygrass
Orientalredtip
Europeanreed
Meadowhawkweed
Burnet-saxifrage
Japaneseblackpine
Canadabluegrass
Whitecottonwood
Graypoplar
Creepingcinquefoil
Sweetcherry
Ornamentalcherry
Birchleafcherry
Sawtoothoak
Bulbousbuttercup
Creepingbuttercup
Dahurianbuckthorn
Chinesebuckthorn
Gardenredcurrent
Creepingyellowcress
Dogrose
Memorialrose
Itchgrass
-9-
SPECIES
Rubusarmeniacus
Rubuslaciniatus
Rubustriphyllus
Salixbabylonica
Salviaglutinosa
Salviniaadnata
Schoenoplectiellamucronata
Setariafaberi
Setariapumila
Setariaverticillata
Setariaviridis
Sileneflos-cuculi
Stellariaaquatica
Stellariamedia
Stratiotesaloides
Styraxjaponicus
Taraxacumcampylodes
Thlaspialliaceum
Tribulusterrestris
Tussilagofarfara
Ulmusparvifolia
Ulmusprocera
Verbascumthapsus
Viburnumdilatatum
Viburnumlantana
Viburnumsetigerum
Viburnumsieboldii
Viciatetrasperma
Zelkovaserrata
Commonname
Himalayablackberry
Evergreenblackberry
Three-leafblackberry
Chinesewillow
Jupiter'sdistaff
Giantsalvinia
Bogbulrush
Noddingfoxtail
Dwarfyellowfoxtail
Bristlyfoxtail
Greenfoxtail
Raggedrobin
Giantchickweed
Commonchickenweed
Watersoldier
Japanesesnowbell
Dandelion
Roadsidepenny-cress
Puncturevine
Colts-foot
Chineseelm
Englishelm
Greatmullein
Lindenviburnum
Wayfaringtreeviburnum
Teaviburnum
Siebold'sviburnum
Lentilvetch
Japanesezelkova
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AppendixI.
COMMONWEALTHOFPENNSYLVANIACOMPLETEINVASIVEPLANTSPECIESLIST
SPECIES
COMMONNAME
Acerplatanoides
Norwaymaple
Acerpseudoplatanus
Sycamoremaple
Acertataricumsubsp.ginnala
Amurmaple
Aegopodiumpodagraria
Goutweed
Ailanthusaltissima
TreeofHeaven
Akebiaquinata
ChocolateVine
Albiziajulibrissin
SilkTreeMimosa
Alliariapetiolata
GarlicMustard
Alnusglutinosa
Europeanblackalder
Ampelopsisglandulosavar.brevipedunculata
PorcelainBerry
Anthriscussylvestris
WildChervil
Araliaelata
Japaneseangelicatree
Arthraxonhispidus
SmallCarpetgrass
Berberisthunbergii
Japanesebarberry
Berberisvulgaris
Europeanbarberry
Bromussterilis
PovertyBrome
Bromustectorum
Cheatgrass
Broussonetiapapyrifera
PaperMulberrry
Buddlejadavidii
Butterflybush
Cabombacaroliniana
Carolinafanwort
Cardamineimpatiens
Narrowleafbittercress
Carduusnutans
Muskthistle
Celastrusorbiculatus
Orientalbittersweet
Centaureajacea
Brownknapweed
Centaureanigra
Blackknapweed
Centaureastoebe
Spottedknapweed
Chelidoniummajus
Greatercelandine
Cirsiumarvense
Canadathistle
Cirsiumvulgare
Bullthistle
Coniummaculatum
Poisinhemlock
Daturastramonium
Jimsonweed
Egeriadensa
Brazillianwaterweed
Elaeagnusangustifolia
Russianolive
Elaeagnusumbellata
Autumnolive
Epilobiumhirsutum
Smallflowerandhairywillowherb
Epilobiumparviflorum
Smallflowerwillowherb
Euonymusalatus
Wingedburningbush
Euonymusfortunei
Wintercreeper
Ficariaverna
Lessercelandine
12/2016JamesG.KaskeyMemorialParkInvasivePlantPolicy
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Frangulaalnus
Glossybuckthorn
Galegaofficinalis
Goat'sRue
Hederahelix
Englishivy
Hemerocallisfulva
Daylily
Heracleummantegazzianum
Gianthogweed
Hesperismatronalis
Dame'sRocket
Holcuslanatus
Commonvelvetgrass
Humulusscandens
Japanesehops
Hydrillaverticillata
Hydrilla
Irispseudacorus
YellowflagIris
Lespedezacuneata
Chinesebushclover
Lespedezajunceavar.sericea
Shrubbybushclover
Ligustrum
Privets
Lonicerafragrantissima
SweetBreathofSpring
Lonicerajaponica
Japanesehoneysuckle
Loniceratatarica
TartarianHoneysuckle
Ludwigiapeploides
CreepingWaterPrimrose
Lysimachianummularia
Moneywort
Lythrumsalicaria
Purpleloosestrife
Microstegiumvimineum
JapaneseStiltgrass
Miscanthussinensis
Chinesesilvergrass
Morusalba
Whitemulberry
Myriophyllumaquaticum
ParrotFeather
Myriophyllumspicatum
Eurasianwater-milfoil
Oplismenusundulatifolius
Wavyleafbasketgrass
Ornithogalumnutans
DroopingStar-of-Bethlehem
Ornithogalumumbellatum
Star-of-Bethlehem
Pachysandraterminalis
Japanesepachysandra
Pastinacasativa
Wildparsnip
Paulowniatomentosa
Princess-tree
Perillafrutescens
Beefsteakplant
Persicarialongiseta
BristledKnotweed
Phalarisarundinacea
ReedCanarygrass
Phellodendronamurense
AmurCorktree
Phragmitesaustralis
CommonPhragmites
Phyllostachysaurea
RunningBamboo
Poatrivialis
Roughbluegrass
Polygonumperfoliatum
Mile-a-minuteweed
Potamogetoncrispus
CurlyPondweed
Puerariamontanavar.lobata
KudzuVine
Pyruscalleryana
Callery/BradforPear
Reynoutriajaponica
JapaneseKnotweed
Reynoutriasachaliensis
giantknotweed
Rhamnuscathartica
CommonBuckthorn
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Rhodotyposscandens
Jetbead
Rosamultiflora
Multiflorarose
Rubusphoenicolasius
Wineberry
Saccharumravennae
Ravennagrass
Schedonorusxarundinaceus
Tallfescue
Securigeravaria
Crown-vetch
Sorghumbicolor
Shattercane
Sorghumhalepense
Johnsongrass
Spiraeajaponica
Japanesespiraea
Tetradiumdaniellii
Bee-beetree
Trapanatans
Waterchestnut
Typhaangustifolia
Narrowleafcattail
Typhaxglauca
Hybridcattail
Ulmuspumila
Siberianelm
Viburnumopulus
GuelderRose
Viburnumplicatum
Japanesesnowball
Vincamajor
Bigleafperiwinkle
Vincaminor
CommonPeriwinkle
Vincetoxicumnigrum
Blackswallow-wort
Vincetoxicumrossicum
PaleSwallow-wort
Wisteriafloribunda
JapanesWisteria
Wisteriasinensis
Chinesewisteria
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AppendixII.
INVASIVEPLANTSPECIESVOLUNTARYCODESOFCONDUCTFORBOTANICGARDENS&ARBORETA
EndorsedbyAmericanPublicGardensAssociation,February2002
• Conductaninstitution-widereviewexaminingalldepartmentsandactivitiesthatprovide
opportunitiestostemtheproliferationofinvasivespeciesandinformvisitors.Forexample,
revieworwriteacollectionspolicythataddressesthisissue;examinesuchactivitiesasseed
sales,plantsales,bookstoreofferings,wreath-makingworkshops,etc.
• Avoidintroducinginvasiveplantsbyestablishinganinvasiveplantassessmentprocedure.
Predictiveriskassessmentsaredesirable,andshouldalsoincluderesponsiblemonitoringon
thegardensiteorthroughpartnershipswithotherinstitutions.Institutionsshouldbeawareof
bothdirectandindirecteffectsofplantintroduction,suchasbiologicalinterferenceingene
flow,disruptionofpollinatorrelationships,etc.
• Considerremovinginvasivespeciesfromplantcollections.Ifadecisionismadetoretainan
invasiveplant,ensureitscontrolandprovidestronginterpretationtothepublicexplainingthe
riskanditsfunctioninthegarden.
• Seektocontrolharmfulinvasivespeciesinnaturalareasmanagedbythegardenandassist
othersincontrollingthemontheirproperty,whenpossible.
• Promotenon-invasivealternativeplantsor,whenpossible,helpdevelopnon-invasive
alternativesthroughplantselectionorbreeding.
• Ifyourinstitutionparticipatesinseedorplantdistribution,includingthroughIndexSeminum,
donotdistributeknowninvasiveplantsexceptforbona-fideresearchpurposes,andconsider
theconsequencesofdistributionoutsideyourbiogeographicregion.Considerastatementof
cautionattachedtospeciesthatappeartobepotentiallyinvasivebuthavenotbeenfully
evaluated.
• Increasepublicawarenessaboutinvasiveplants.Informwhytheyareaproblem,includingthe
origin,mechanismsofharm,andneedforpreventionandcontrol.Workwiththelocalnursery
andseedindustriestoassistthepublicinenvironmentallysafegardeningandsales.
Horticultureeducationprograms,suchasthoseatuniversities,shouldalsobeincludedin
educationandoutreachefforts.Encouragethepublictoevaluatewhattheydointheirown
practicesandgardens.
• Participateindeveloping,implementing,orsupportingnational,regional,orlocalearlywarning
systemsforimmediatereportingandcontrol.Participatealsointhecreationofregionallistsof
concern.
• Botanicalgardensshouldtrytobecomeinformedaboutinvasivenessoftheirspeciesinother
biogeographicregions,andthisinformationshouldbecompiledandsharedinamanner
accessibletoall.
• Becomepartnerswithotherorganizationsinthemanagementofharmfulinvasivespecies.
Followalllawsonimportation,exportation,quarantine,anddistributionofplantmaterialsacross
politicalboundaries,includingforeigncountries.Besensitivetoconventionsandtreatiesthatdealwith
thisissue,andencourageaffiliatedorganizations(plantsocieties,gardenclubs,etc.)todothesame.
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