Date Homework Due Monday 11/11 -­‐Read and take notes on p. 50-­‐57 -­‐Answer Q’s: 1 abc, 2 abc, 3 ab. Tuesday 11/12 Wednesday 11/13 -­‐Read and mark-­‐up article on cells Thursday 11/14 -­‐Answer questions about article on cells In Class Activities -­‐Hand out Graph Packet #1 -­‐ Introduction to Microscopy -­‐Label Scopes -­‐Begin Scope Lab Finish Scope Lab -­‐Introduce Prokaryotes -­‐Label Diagram -­‐Discuss Functions -­‐Build a Prokaryote Homework Assigned None  -­‐Read and mark-­‐
up article on cells -­‐Prokaryote structure race -­‐Prokaryote v. Eukaryote chart -­‐Animal v. Plant cells -­‐Label Eukaryotic Cell Diagrams -­‐Finish coloring cell diagrams -­‐Read and notes on p. 60-­‐63, p. 66-­‐67 (skip diagrams on p.64-­‐65) -­‐Answer questions about article on cells Friday 11/15 -­‐Finish coloring cell diagrams -­‐Read and notes on p. 60-­‐63, p. 66-­‐67 (skip diagrams on p.64-­‐65) -­‐Surface Area Discussion -­‐Being Onion and Cheek Cell Lab Due Monday 11/18: -­‐Graph Packet Due Tuesday 11/19: -­‐Watch videos on Organelles and fill in Guided Notes -­‐Participation Rubric Name _____________________________________________________ Date ___________________________________ Microscopy Guided Notes Microscopy is the ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐It combines ______________________________________ and ______________________________________ to produce an image There are two types of microscopes 1. __________________________________________: uses light and lenses to magnify an object, 2D 2. __________________________________________: sends electrons over the surface of a specimen, creates a 3D image, HIGH magnification power (some up to 1,000,000 times!) Resolution is the ability to distinguish the individual parts of an object; the __________________________________ or ______________________________________ of an image Magnification is the ability to _______________________________________________________________________________________ We will be using light microscopes. This type of microscope magnifies objects by ____________________________ the light that passes through the lens -­‐ Compound light microscopes have more than ______________ lens. As a result, they can magnify objects _______________________ than microscope with a single lens. -­‐Light passes through the _______________________________________ and then travels through the two lenses, and the object is magnified as a result. Power and Magnification -­‐Our microscopes have 3 power settings: ___________________________________ , ____________________________________, and ______________________________________________. These are the _____________________________________________________ -­‐Each power setting magnifies an object by a certain amount: 1. Low Power -­‐ ___________________________ -­‐ 4x 2. ______________________ -­‐ Yellow -­‐ _______________________ 3. High Power -­‐ _____________________ -­‐ _____________________ -­‐However, we also look through the _____________________________________, which has a magnification of ____________________ -­‐So, we must multiply the lenses together in order to get the TOTAL MAGNIFICATION Total Magnification = Low Power: Medium Power: High Power: -­‐The magnification of each lens is always engraved on the side. Always double check to make sure that you are at the proper magnification! -­‐When you do a scientific drawing, always label your drawing: 1. Title – what are you looking at? 2. Power – what power is this drawing based on? 3. Magnification – what magnification is this drawing based on? 4. Label what you are drawing. Tell the viewer what they are looking at. Slide: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Coverslip: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Microscope Tips for Success: 1. Specimen ALWAYS in the center of light 2. Always start on low power 3. Coarse adjustment first – bring the specimen into view 4. Once in focus, sharpen image with fine adjustment 5. ONLY USE FINE ADJUSTMET ON HIGH POWER 6. If you get lost, start back with #1 7. Leave the scope that way that you found it Examining Slides Procedure: A. Obtain an “e,” slide, coverslip, eyedropper, and water B. Place the “e” on the center of the slide C. Carefully place 1 drop of water on top of the “e” D. Angle the cover slip so that one edge is in contact with the water drop and allow the water drop to adhere to the cover slip (trap door – see diagram) E. Gently lower the coverslip over the water drop and the “e.” Tap it – gently – to remove any air bubbles F. Place the slide on the stage and move it so that the “e” is right over the lens in the center and is right side up. G. Position the Low Power Objective Lens right above the center (so that it clicks into place) H. Look into the Ocular Lens and adjust the Coarse Adjustment Knob until the “e” is in focus. I. Now, adjust the Fine Adjustment Knob until the “e” is as sharp as you can get it. Sketch EXACTLY what you see in the first circle on the next sheet and be sure that the sizes are relative to how you see them. Also, be sure to title and label your drawings. J. Next, switch to the Medium Power Objective Lens and sketch what you see in the second circle. Be sure that the sizes are relative to how you see them and to write down the total magnification. Put a label and title on your drawings K. Repeat these steps with the High Power Objective Lens and sketch in the third circle. Put a label and title on your drawings 5. Find Ms. Bell and select a slide from the prepared slide box. Look at it under LOW power and sketch what you see in the circle below. Do not forget to label your drawing appropriately. 6. Questions -­‐ answer in the space provided 1. A compound microscope must always be carried using one hand on the ____________________________________ and the other hand on the _____________________________________ 2. When you move an object to the right on the stage, the image in the field of view moves to the _________________________________. When you move an object up on the stage, the objects in the field of view move ___________________________________________. 3. How does the light control disk change the amount of light reaching the object? 4. Can you see more of an object in a lower power magnification or a high power magnification? 5. Give one advantage to viewing an object in a lower power magnification. 6. Give one advantage of viewing an object in high power magnification. 7. If the letter “b” is placed on the stage so that it appears as “b” from the outside; draw what it would look like when viewed under the microscope in the space below: Build a Prokaryote! Task for Today: Your job today is to build a prokaryotic cell! Begin by filling out the key below to indicate which materials represent each cell part. After you have identified each cell part, describe the function of each cell part. Once the char tis completed you may start to being building your cell! (Hint: Use the diagram of the cell in the reading to help you explain the function of each cell part and to build structure your cell). Cell Part Function Material Name _____________________________________________________ Prokaryotes 1. Write 2 or 3 sentences describing a prokaryotic cell. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What types of organisms are prokaryotes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Of the structures that you put in your prokaryotic cell, which ones are found in ALL prokaryotes? Which structures are only found in some prokaryotes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Label the drawing of the prokaryote: Name __________________________________________________ 1. What is a cell? Homework -­‐ Questions on Cell Reading _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Cells were first discovered in the 1600’s and they were thought to be like “small, empty rooms.” Today we know that cells are much more complex. How does the reading describe cells? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is DNA? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. About how many cells are in your body? _________________________________________________________________ 5. What does Cell Theory state? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the take home message from section 3.1? It is OK to paraphrase this message. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Define “Eukaryotic Cell.” _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define “Prokaryotic Cell.” _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. When did Prokaryotes appear on the Earth? ___________________________________________________________________ 10. Read the information about prokaryotes and write down 5 things that you learn about them. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What is the take-­‐home message from section 3.2? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Which is older – prokaryotes or eukaryotes? ____________________________________________________________ 13. What is the major distinguishing feature of a eukaryotic cell? What is the purpose of this structure? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What are organelles? What do they enable a Eukaryotic cell to do? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. List 3 differences between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name _____________________________________________________ Date_______________________ Cells: Guided Notes Part I What does cell theory explain? ____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. 2. 3. Which is older? When did they first appear? Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Nucleus? Organelles? Obtaining Energy Size and Complexity Shared structures: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Different structures: Prokaryote: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eukaryote: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eukaryotic Cells There are two different types of Eukaryotic cells: ____________________________________________________ and ____________________________________________________ Below are images comparing plant and animal cells. Make some observations about the two images in the space below. Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Observations – Plant Cells Observations – Animal Cells Only found in Plant Cells Only found in Animal Cells Name _____________________________________________________ Cells and their Organelles Date_______________________ Surface Area ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hand measurement 1: _______________________________ Hand measurement 2: _______________________________ Difference: _________________________________ -­‐How did spreading your fingers increase the surface area of your hand? _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐In cells, many chemical processes occur when ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explanation: -­‐________________________________ contact between two membranes, means that more chemical processes can occur, they will be more ____________________________________________________________________, and ___________________________________________________________ can be made -­‐Increased surface area of an organelle makes membranes _______________________________________________, which allows ____________________________________________________________________________ -­‐There is only so much room in a cell, so organelles have ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ to increase their surface area and membrane size, without increasing ______________________________________