CONTENTS
Welcome Messages …………………………………………………………
Conference timetable ……………………………………………………...
Parallel Sessions Timetable ………………………………………………....
Plenary Sessions Abstracts …………………………………………...……..
Parallel Sessions Abstracts ……………………………………………...…..
Parallel Sessions 1 …………………………………………………………..
Parallel Sessions 2 …………………………………………………………..
Parallel Sessions 3 …………………………………………………………..
Parallel Sessions 4 …………………………………………………………..
Parallel Sessions 5 …………………………………………………………..
Guidelines for paper presenters …………………………………………..
Guidelines for moderators ………………………………………………….
Practical Information ………………………………………………………..
Samal Island Tour …………………………………………………………….
Campus Map …………………………………………………………………
National Conference Steering Committee …………………………….
Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………..
The Philippine Sociological Society ………………………………………
The Philippine Sociological Review……………………………………….
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WELCOME MESSAGE FROM THE
PHILIPPINE SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRESIDENT
It is with distinct privilege that I welcome
the members of the Philippine
Sociological Society, participants, and
guests
to
the
2016
National
Conference of the PSS in Davao City.
The conference theme, “Imagined
Democracies: Transitions of Power and
Knowledge in Philippine Society”
reverberated the myriad of burning
issues as the country held national
elections last May, and a pivotal
transition in Philippine educational
system through the K-12 program was
implemented in June. The public
sphere and academic circles were
abuzz in speculations and analyses on
what consequences these specific events would have on the power dynamics
and knowledge mechanisms in our society.
In this conference, we apply the sociological lens to unravel the various dimensions
of the political, cultural, and epistemological quandaries of not just electoral
politics and education systems but of a wide range of social phenomena. The
apprehension that the energy of the theme might diminish over the months as the
country has settled away from the elections was unfounded. Instead, the
environment of discussion reached fever pitch. In fact, a record-breaking number
of more than one hundred papers were submitted and are set to be presented in
the two days of this conference. Such intellectual labor showcases the recent
works of sociological minds as well as specialized studies and reflections that
address how power and knowledge has transformed in the Philippines in this
annual meeting.
Holding this conference in Davao City through the gracious hosting of the Ateneo
De Davao University, spearheaded by the dedicated efforts of its Department of
Sociology Chair, faculty members, and colleagues in the university, makes the
2016 National Conference of the PSS very special.
May we exercise, and not just imagine, democracy in our exchanges in the
conference. I wish everyone a productive conference, and PSS members a
successful meeting where ties are renewed, bridges are built, and new members
are welcomed to regenerate our community.
Welcome!
Filomin C. Gutierrez, Ph.D.
President, Philippine Sociological Society
2
WELCOME MESSAGE FROM
ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT
Dear members of
Sociological Society:
the
Philippine
Greetings of peace! Salaām!
It is my pleasure to extend a personal
greeting in behalf of our faculty, staff
and students to the participants of the
Annual conference of the Philippine
Sociological Society. Welcome to
Ateneo de Davao University!
With
the
theme,
“Imagined
democracies:
Transformations
of
knowledge and power in Philippine
society,” it is my hope that this
conference will contribute greatly to
the ongoing debates in Philippine
society today. Such burning issues as
historical injustices toward indigenous
peoples, US military presence in the
Philippines, conflict with China on the Spratlys, the war on drugs and extrajudicial
killings, demand that academicians take a more active role as agents of social
change especially in the context of these pressing issues.
Sociology, as an academic discipline, ought to make a difference outside the
universities. The call of the common good, the preferential option for the poor,
oppressed and marginalized, does not end in the four corners of the university. The
study of sociology, or any other discipline, must be oriented toward justice, a
concrete, radical but proportionate response to an unjustly suffering world. This
engaged sociology that is oriented toward justice, is necessarily carried out from
the perspective of the poor for the sake of bettering their lives, for it is in their
suffering that the inhumanity of unjust structures become clearly manifest. I hope
that this conference will strengthen that resolve to a more engaged association of
Philippine Sociologists.
I wish the organizers and participants a very productive and successful
conference!
Sincerely in Our Lord,
Fr. Joel E. Tabora, S.J.
President, Ateneo de Davao University
3
WELCOME MESSAGE FROM THE
CONFERENCE CONVENER
Greetings of peace and solidarity!
This year’s conference theme has been
thoughtfully conceptualized to capture
relevant social issues that demand
sociological understanding.
The concept of imagined democracies,
for example, is reminiscent of Yaron
Ezrahi’s view of how democratic politics is
being contested today. Democracy can
no longer be reified as a unified body of
knowledge carrying fixed and objective
meanings across social spaces. Rather,
democracy is constructed through the
workings of active social imaginaries.
This reflection is even more compellingly
articulated in the context of social
media’s influence in structuring our
choices based on a firm belief in credible
and popular political fictions rather than
on the commitment to search for rational
thought. Truths about the Davao Death Squad, violations of indigenous people’s
rights, environmental catastrophe, the controversies of President Duterte’s war on
drugs and the transitions in our educational system as embodied in the shift to K+12,
among others, are contested by diverse voices seeking legitimacy. Social media can
diminish politics’ truth-seeking functions because of the quality of public discourse. This
is evidenced when citizens with opposing views are silenced by destroying their
credibility, using public shaming as weapon of delegitimization. This, to me, is truly
worrisome because it stifles thoughtful dialogue which is the hallmark of democracy.
It is my fervent hope that this conference will motivate us further to utilize our
sociological critiques in developing political gestures and narratives that promote
genuine peace, freedom and justice, while at the same time, actively shaping
opportunities for multiple perspectives to engage and challenge each other in a truly
democratic space. By doing so, sociological discourse is mobilized to generate new
forms of knowledge that challenge oppressive political structure and promote an
inclusive social transformation.
May all of us reap good memories and exciting experiences during this two-day
conference! Congratulations and welcome to Ateneo de Davao University!
Jerome A. Serrano, Ph.D.
Convenor, 2016 PSS National Conference
Chair, Department of Sociology, Ateneo de Davao University
4
CONFERENCE TIMETABLE
6 OCTOBER | THURSDAY
6:30 AM
7:30
8:00
5:00 PM
Registration for the pre-conference tour
Venue: Ateneo de Davao University (Roxas) Community Center
Building Lobby
Departure from Ateneo to Sta. Ana Wharf
Coral Garden and Marine Park
Babu Santa Resort
Angel’s Cove
Mansud Wall
Wishing Island
Return to campus
7 OCTOBER | FRIDAY
8:00 AM
9:00
9:30
10:15
11:00
12:00 NN
1:00 PM
2:45
3:00
4:45
7:00
Registration
Opening Ceremonies
Plenary Session 1
Fr Joel Tabora, Ateneo de Davao University
Break
Plenary Session 2
Professor Cynthia Bautista, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Lunch
Parallel Session 1
Break
Parallel Session 2
PSS Business Meeting (for PSS members only)
Election of the Board of Directors
Meet the authors of the Philippine Sociological Review 2016
Welcome dinner
8 OCTOBER | SATURDAY
8:15 AM
10:00
10:15
12:00 NN
1:00 PM
2:00
3:45
5:30
6:30
7:00
Plenary Session 3: Vital Statistics? The Power of Quantitative Research
Prof Ronald Holmes, Pulse Asia Research Inc.
Mr Gerardo Sandoval, Social Weather Station
Prof Erwin Rafael, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Break
Parallel Session 3
Lunch
Plenary Session 4: When Inclusion Unsettles and Democracy
Disorders: The Intelligibility of Non-Representation in the Bangsamoro
and Indigenous Peoples Contrasting Struggles for Self Determination
Dr Jose Jowel Canuday, Ateneo de Manila University
Parallel Session 4
Parallel Session 5
Plenary Session 5: Sharing of common concerns among sociologists
Closing ceremonies
Farewell dinner
NOTE: REGISTRATION AND PLENARY SESSIONS WILL BE AT THE FINSTER AUDITORIUM, 7TH
FLOOR, FINSTER AUDITORIUM
5
PARALLEL SESSIONS TIMETABLE
PARALLEL SESSION 1
7 OCTOBER | FRIDAY | 13:00-14:45
Panel 1A: DAVAO BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION
Venue
Finster Boardroom, Room F700, 7th floor, Finster Hall
Moderator
Maylanie Sani-Boloto
Paper 1
Governance, Peace and Order, Performance of Government Officials
and Post-Election Views: A Davao City-wide Social Survey
Christine Diaz
Paper 2
Challenging Mindanao’s Power and Knowledge Constructs
Karl Gaspar
Paper 3
Living with the Promise of Violence: The Philippine State and Indigenous
Peoples in the Agusan Frontier
Augusto Gatmaytan
Paper 4
The Sociological Significance of Bay’Ah (Pledge of Allegiance) in Islam: The
Missing link in the Philippine Military’s Denial of ISIS’ Presence in the Philippines
Mansoor Limba
PANEL 1B: BEYOND THE RHETORIC: SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF DEVELOPMENT AND
PARTICIPATION
Venue
Media Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Mark Abenir
Paper 1
Expecting the Unexpected: The Role of Surprise and the Challenge of Scaling
Up in Development Projects
Czarina Saloma-Akpedonu
Paper 2
(Re)Framing “Energy” and “Energy Development” in the Philippines Neoliberal
Tendencies, Scientification, and Public Policy
Jalton Garces Taguibao
Paper 3
Social Inclusion, ICTs, and Participatory Initiatives at the Community Level: A
Case Study
Hilary Martinez
Paper 4
Exploring Social Perspectives on Disability
Marilyn L. Balmeo, Alma L. Cales, Rhea Lizette B. Casuga, Soulykha Ruth F.
Chokyogen, Alyssa Marie E. Culbengan, Ruth Mae L. Dogue-is, Michelle K.
Dominong and Mark Regan P. Sapdoy
Paper 5
Case Studies of Level of Empowerment of UST-Simbahayan Partner
Communities
Roxanne M. Bautista and Mark Anthony Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
PANEL 1C: CONSTRUCTING AND NEGOTIATING CULTURE
Venue
The Training Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Esnaira Salem
Paper 1
You Are What You Watch: The Role of Film in Identity Formation and
Development in the Philippines
Erwin James A. dela Cruz
Paper 2
The 5th Function of Money as Transmitter of Cultural Identity and Knowledge:
the case of the current Philippine Bank Notes
Adrian Lawrence Carvajal
Paper 3
Living with the Ipula: Enculturation in a Resettlement Community
Rotchel Amigo
Paper 4
From Introspection to Policy: Discourses of National Identity in Philippine
Cultural Diplomacy
Frances Pauline C. Brillantes
PANEL 1D: SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA (A) BROADCAST MEDIA AND THE SHARED REALITIES
Venue
Board Room D, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Manuel P. Diaz
6
Paper 1
Television News Constructions of Mindanao: Absence, Neglect, Violence,
Difference
Estelle Marie M. Ladrido, Ariel Robert C. Ponce
Paper 2
Bawal ang Epal: Dynamics of Political Communication in Everyday Life
Louie Benedict Ignacio, Seth Liu and Leslie Boado
Paper 3
Humor and Television Comedy in the Philippines: A Preliminary Study on Eat
Bulaga
Samuel I. Cabbuag
Paper 4
Re-imagi(ni)ng the Art and Democracy: Ang Kontrobersiyal na Politeismo ni
Mideo Cruz at ang Filipino Public Sphere
Danim R. Majerano, Lilimay R. Manalo and Ma. Therese D. Mapili
PANEL 1E: SOCIOLOGY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Venue
Board Room E, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Shiela May T. Julianda
Paper 1
Inheriting Memories and Experiences of Natural Disaster for Disaster Risk
Reduction in Vulnerable Societies: From the Case of Japan and the
Philippines
Tasuku Ohashi
Paper 2
The Real Victims: Discourses of Power Relations in the Assessment of Climate
Change Experience
Catherine Roween Chico-Almaden, Manilee Lorraine Panares-Pagapulaan
and Don Antonio Velez
Paper 3
Inclusive Planning for the Management and Rehabilitation of Shared Specs
Don Antonio Velez
Paper 4
Socio-Economic Effects of the Closure of the Small-Scale Mining Operation in
Sitio Pirada, Brgy. Del Pilar, Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte
Jeannette Louise S. Labial, Celestie Jane B. Posadas, Honey Kristel Gayle L.
Ruelan and Sulpecia L. Ponce
PARALLEL SESSION 2
7 OCTOBER | FRIDAY | 15:00-16:45
PANEL 2A: WHAT USE IS SOCIOLOGY OUTSIDE THE ACADEMY?
Venue
Finster Boardroom, Room F700, 7th floor, Finster Hall
Moderator
Nicole Curato
Panelist 1
Aidel Belamide
Panelist 2
Esnaira Salem
Panelist 3
Mary Grace Soriano
Panelist 4
Ma. Laarni Jadloc
Panelist 5
Abdel Jamal Disangcopan
PANEL 2B: THE VILLAGE BASE STATIONS (VBTS) PROJECT AND THE PROMISE OF BRINGING
CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE TO THE MARGINS
Venue
Media Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Marie Joy B. Arguillas
Paper 1
Towards Building a Community Cellular Network in the Philippines: initial Site
Survey Observations
Cedric Festin
Paper 2
The Need for Reflexivity and Dialogue in Developing Human-Centered
Technologies
Josephine Dionisio
Discussant
Czarina Saloma-Akpedonu
PANEL 2C: PROBLEMATIZING CITIZENSHIP & ETHINICITY
Venue
The Training Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Pat Ray M. Dagapioso
Paper 1
Woman As “Race”: Communication Dynamics between selected Rural
Women Workers and Community Stakeholders in Calamba City
7
Abigail Ruth A. Batalon, Godly Ann T. Camitan and Ria Joy N. Lontoc
Is White Skin a Salient Basis for Attractiveness Among University Students?: An
Experiment Using Male and Female Models
Mark Anthony M. Quintos and Minami O. Iwayama
Paper 3
From Exclusion to Assimilation: The Ethnic Chinese in the Philippines, 1946-1986
Elliott T. Grieco
Paper 4
Negotiated Citizenship through Civic Association: Contestations of Collective
Empowerment among Filipino Irregular Migrants in Japan
Anderson V. Villa
Paper 5
Post-Conflict Recovery Condition: The Case of Muslim and Christian
Communities After the 2008 MILF Siege in Lanao del Norte
Sittie Aisah D. Abubacar, Annie Joy A. Dagpin, Monalisa D. Sultan, Sulpecia L.
Ponce
PANEL 2D: SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA (B) SOCIAL MEDIA AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL WORLDS
Venue
Board Room D, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Jade Harley C. Bretaña
Paper 1
The Rise of Cyber Cronies
Frederick Iguban Rey
Paper 2
Social Media in Iligan City: Narratives on Local and National Issues
Karlai Tabimina, Grace Reble, Myrma Jean A. Mendoza and Jay Rey G.
Alovera
Paper 3
Web of Credibility: Social media sites as a source of information on
Philippines’ presidential election in 2016
Louie Benedict Ignacio, Jyles Vianne Mondejar and Martin Joseph Tuaño
Paper 4
Neo-Filipino: The Impact of Technology on the Cultural Identity of Selected
Filipino Third Culture Kids (TCKs)
Erika Mae L. Valencia and Mark Anthony D. Abenir
Paper 5
Duterte: An Imagined Democracy?
Delfo Canceran
PANEL 2E: THE FILIPINO YOUTH: HOPE AND ANXIETIES
Venue
Board Room E, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Clarence Batan
Paper 1
Passivism: Revisiting Youth Docility in Mindanao State University, Marawi City
Maylanie Sani-Boloto, Jahara S. Sacar, Jabar U. Carim and Charlyn Grace S.
Laborada
Paper 2
Reimagining the sources of strain and their consequences on delinquency:
Transforming youth-related knowledge for educational reforms
Jerome A. Serrano
Paper 3
Difficulties of College Students in Volunteering in Organizational and
Community Involvement
Albert T. Guinguino, Jr., Jodelmar S. Urbano, Arvin D. Valera, Christine T. Reyes,
Vernadette Camille D. Rodriguez , Nellie M. Taguling and Jennifer D.
Tuguinayo
Paper 4
An In-Depth Study on the Effect of Bonded University Towards Imbued
Learning (BUTIL) Scholarship Program as a Deterrent for Child Labor to its
Recipients in Lambakin, Bulacan and Sitio Galilee, Antipolo
Mary Coleen Anne P. Nicolas and Mark Anthony Abenir
Paper 2
PARALLEL SESSION 3
8 OCTOBER | SATURDAY | 10:15-12:00
PANEL 3A: REFRAMING THE DISCOURSE ON FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT OF FILIPINOS
Venue
Finster Boardroom, Room F700, 7th floor, Finster Hall
Moderator
Nimfa Bracamonte
Paper 1
Times are a-changing: Filipinos in Foreign Labour Markets
Ma. Alcestis Mangahas
8
Paper 2
Responsible Recruitment: An Impossible Dream?
Robert Larga
Paper 3
Preparing for Return and Resettlement: Insights from Non-Government
Financial Literacy Programs for Migrants in Europe
Cristina Liamzon
Paper 4
Social Protection for Overseas Foreign Workers and Their Families: Possibilities
and Limitations
Ellene Sana
PANEL 3B: FRONTIERS IN THE STUDY OF SOCIAL DEVIANCE
Venue
Media Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Septrin John Calamba
Paper 1
Rights of the Convicted: Civil Society Interaction and State Approaches in a
Philippine Prison
Hannah Glimpse Nario-Lopez
Paper 2
Civil Society in Prison: Resocialization of Inmates
Kristine Gail C. Lobo
Paper 3
Redefining the Role of the Inmate-Gang Members: A Narrative Inquiry of their
Life Experiences in Minimum Security Camp, New Bilibid Prison
Frederick Ray V. Sapitan and John Christian C. Valeroso
Paper 4
Proliferation of the Sukarap in General Santos City
Jay Lupe G. Alqueza, Czarina Grace B. Del Valle and Jay Alovera
PANEL 3C: SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION (A): AUTHOR MEETS CRITICS BEING CATHOLIC IN
CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINES: YOUNG PEOPLE REINTERPRETING RELIGION
Venue
The Training Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Manuel Sapitula
Author
Jayeel Cornelio
Critic 1
Manuel Sapitula
Critic 2
Jerome Serrano
Critic 3
Enrique Oracion
PANEL 3D: INDIGENOUS STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY: INDIGENOUS STRUGGLES IN CULTURE AND
POLITICS
Venue
Board Room D, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Maria Cecilia M. Ferolin
Paper 1
The Binanog: Cultural Resistance and Adaptation Depicted in Traditional
Manobo Pulanguinon Dance
Bryan Lee D. Celeste
Paper 2
Politics of Identity, Representation and Belongingness: A Critical Discourse on
the Lumad Killings in Mindanao
Dennis B. Coronel
Paper 3
Traditional and Legal Leaderships in an IP Community in Southern Philippines:
The Case of Subanen in Barangay, Dalingap, Clarin, Misamis Occidental
Dennis Kwong, Allan Fernandez, Roland Lagarbe, Jay Rey Alovera and
Myrma Jean A. Mendoza
Paper 4
Folk Healing Practices, Community Health and Curative Resorts in Siquijor
Island in the 21st Century
Josel B. Mansueto
PANEL 3E: SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SEXUALITY
Venue
Board Room E, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
John Andrew G. Evangelista
Paper 1
Usaping HIV at Sex: Paglalarawan at Pagsusuri sa Pananaw at Gawi ng mga
Mag-aaral sa Kolehiyo
Michael Eduard L. Labayandoy
Paper 2
Street Harassment: A Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of
Selected Women, Lesbian, and Gay Men
Anjellyn T. Cruz and Mark Anthony D. Abenir
9
Paper 3
Paper 4
Paper 5
Deconstructing Social Alienation: Meanings of the Life Experiences and
Partnership of Recovery through Practices of Restorative Justice for the
Sexually Abused Women and Children in the province of Cavite, Philippines
Marina D. Gamo and Leanne Kym Jane Lozanes
Friends with Benefits (FUBU) Among College Student Practitioners in Davao
City
Saidamin P. Bagolong, Winston S. Miraflor and Cindy Nette A. Saim
Forms of Sexual Intimacy Among Selected Teenagers in Iligan City
Michael S. Abad and Sulpecia L. Ponce
PARALLEL SESSION 4
8 OCTOBER | SATURDAY | 14:00-15:45
PANEL 4A: CONTESTATION, CITIZENSHIP AND DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE (A)
Venue
Finster Boardroom, Room F700, 7th Floor, Finster Hall
Moderator
Kristine Gail C. Lobo
Paper 1
Contestation, Cautious Engagement and Reorienting Power Relations: Urban
Informal settler struggles for housing and land rights in “inclusive policy
making”
Mary Racelis
Paper 2
Community Organizing: Transforming Lives in a Relocated Community in Iligan
City
Septrin John Calamba, Maria Cecila M. Ferolin and Jonaim Dipatuan
Paper 3
Pag-unawa sa Pang-unawang Inuunawa: Nagkakaiba at Nagtutunggalian
Kalagayan ng Akademiko at Aktibista
John Andrew Evangelista
Paper 4
Success of EDSA People Power II: Vantage Points of Collective Effervescence
that Overthrew a President
Marc Adrian Ignacio
Paper 5
Resiliency in the Midst of Displacement: An Institutional Ethnography of the
Rehabilitation Efforts After the 2013 Zamboanga Crisis
Leslie A. Lopez and Nota F. Magno
PANEL 4B: SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER (A) THE POSSIBILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS OF
EMPOWERMENT
Venue
Media Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Michael Labayandoy
Paper 1
How Do Women Matter? An Examination of Women-Focused and Gender
Sensitive Legislation in the 16th Congress
Maria Corinna Priscila D. Escartin
Paper 2
Gender Mainstreaming in the City Government of Davao
Lourdesita S. Chan
Paper 3
Oppression: Experiences of Maguindanaon Women in Davao City
Saidamin P. Bagolong, Samsia S. Sandukan and Revellin C. Alquizar
Paper 4
BarangGay: Understanding the Experiences of LGBT Barangay Officials in the
Philippines
Melvin A. Jabar, Crisanto Q. Regadio, Jr., Renan M. Kasilag and Zaldy Collado
Paper 5
Engendering the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program's Core Operational
Systems
Eva Natividad Mendoza
PANEL 4C: SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION (B): RELIGION IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE
Venue
The Training Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall. Community Center Building
Moderator
Jayeel Cornelio
Paper 1
The Sacred in the Profane: The Case of Monsignor Vice-Mayor in Iligan CIty
Marlou Lewis Y. Claver, Erwin Yrrem J. Ubagan, Sean Patrick R. Male, Myrma
Jean A. Mendoza and Jay Rey G. Alovera
10
Paper 2
Analysis of Practice for Co-existence of Sunni and Shia Groups in Christian
Setting
Jeron B. Velasco, Gene Rose T. Velasco and Sheila T. Uy
Paper 3
The Role of Colonialism, Gambling, Religion, and Resistance in Shaping the
Philippine Third Sector
Alice B. Acejas
PANEL 4D: INDIGENOUS STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY (B): KNOWLEDGE AND POWER IN
INDIGENOUS THOUGHTS
Venue
Board Room D, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Samuel Cabbuag
Paper 1
Higaonon's Local Knowledge to Nature and Weather in Barangay Rogongon,
Iligan City
Cherilyn Y. Berdisula, Kara Nicole C. De Los Santos, Daize Mae U. Villamayor,
Myrma Jean A. Mendoza and Jay Rey G. Alovera
Paper 2
Traditional Medicine among Boholanos: A Preliminary Inquiry into Cultural
Preference
Bernabe M. Mijares, Jr.
Paper 3
Voices of Higaonon Women on Gold Mining in their Community
Krizia Mie T. Mantiza, Jimar Joshua E. Longcob, Jade D. De la Cruz and Myrma
Jean A. Mendoza
Paper 4
Fishing the Margins: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Marine Protected
Areas
Enrique G. Oracion
PANEL 4E: TEACHING SOCIOLOGY
Venue
Board Room E, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Danim R. Majerano
Paper 1
Pilipinong Sosyolohiya: Pagninilay sa Pagpapasinaya sa Isang Pambansang
Sosyolohiya sa Pilipinas
Dennis S. Erasga
Paper 2
Sociology of Sport in the Philippines: Seeking Its Pace within the Discourse in
Physical Education Training and Practice
Airnel T. Abarra and Satwinder Rehal
Paper 3
A Report on the Stakeholder Surveys of the UPLB Master of Arts in Sociology
Program in the Batangas and Quezon Provinces
Mark Anthony M. Quintos, Mark Julius Eusebio, Lei Pangilinan, Rosette Anne
Rogelio and Diane Duran
Paper 4
Perceptions of BA Sociology Students on the Structure, Content, and
Instruction of the BA Sociology Program
Mark Anthony M. Quintos and Minami O. Iwayama
PARALLEL SESSION 5
8 OCTOBER | SATURDAY | 15:45-17:30
PANEL 5A: CONTESTATION, CITIZENSHIP AND DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE
Venue
Finster Boardroom, Room F700, 7th floor, Finster Hall
Moderator
Arnold Alamon
Paper 1
Building a Filipino-led Transnational Advocacy Network: A Theory of Engaged
Collaboration Across Borders
Ma. Larissa Lelu P. Gata
Paper 2
Only if you really, really need it – Social Rights Consciousness in the Philippines
Niklas Reese
Paper 3
Exploring Citizenship in People’s Daily Lives and Struggles: Social Constructs,
Behavioral Expressionism, Symbols, Experiences of Inclusion and Exclusion
Christine S. Diaz
Paper 4
Tinig ng Demokrasya: Papel ng Wika sa Pagsusulong ni ISKO ng
Pagbabagong-Panlipunan
11
Gerome Nicolas Dela Pena and Lilimay Manalo
PANEL 5B: SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER (B): GENDERED STUDIES OF PRODUCTION AND
REPRODUCTION
Venue
Media Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Marlon Era
Paper 1
Market versus Subsistence: An issue of Survival and Sustainability of Poor
Families in the Global South
Maria Cecilia M. Ferolin
Paper 2
Bulungan, Linisan, at Bentahan: Exploring Women’s Participation in the Fishing
Practices of an Urban Coastal Area
Anna Beatrice G. Bague and Arlen A. Ancheta
Paper 3
Geographical Analysis of the Sociological Factors Affecting Birth and Fertility
Rate in the Northeastern Laguna
Rodolfo B. Valdenarro Jr.
Paper 4
Kababaihan, Karanasan, Kahirapan: An Inquiry on Precarious Floating
Community Along Manila Bay
Beatriz Isabel C. Tumindog and Arlen A. Ancheta
PANEL 5C: SPACES FOR OPPRESSION, SPACES FOR CONTESTATION: POVERTY & LABOR IN THE
WORLD SYSTEM
Venue
The Training Room, 8th Floor, Xavier Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Raquelyn J. Dadang
Paper 1
The Obvious and Non-Obvious Sociology of “Istambay” and
“Contractualization” in the Philippines
Clarence M. Batan and Frances Faye Gutierrez
Paper 2
Digital Sweatshops in the Disaster Zone: Precarious Labor of Techie Aid
Workers
Jonathan Corpus Ong and Pamela Combinido
Paper 3
Time to Step-Up: A Case Study on the Specialized Training and Employment
Program for the Underprivileged Persons of Mabalacat City College
Keith T. Joven
Paper 4
Poverty Management: The Value Stretch in the Cases of Women Living in the
Streets of Luneta and Lawton, Sampaloc, Manila
Nano, Rudyard Jose IV R., University of Santo Tomas
PANEL 5D: FROM NATIONAL TO LOCAL: RE-IMAGINING PHILIPPINE DEMOCRACIES
Venue
Board Room D, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Mario J. Aguja
Paper 1
Rethinking Populism in the Philippines: Qualifying Digong’s Populist Rise
Pat Ray M. Dagapioso
Paper 2
Associational Democracy and Local Governance: Case of Municipal
Agriculture and Fishery Council (MAFC) in Silang, Cavite
Aidel Paul G. Belamide
Paper 3
Acceptability of Federal System of Government of the Philippines: A
Preliminary Assessment among Constituents of Iligan and other Cities
Ariel R. Abragan, Shiela G. Sinconiegue, Ramelyn L. Bracero and Liwayway S.
Viloria
Paper 4
Business Stakeholders’ Resistance towards the Propose Road Widening Project
in Lopez Avenue, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Samuel Brando Piamonte, Minawi Iwayama, Joseph Tabadero Jr., Hanna
Grace Tasarra Gamis, Patricia Camille Antony, Jolly Anne Gibe, Andrew
Dalisay and Gloria Luz Nelson
PANEL 5E: UNDERSTANDING TRANSITIONS: SOCIOLOGY AND K-12
Venue
Board Room E, 3rd Floor, Mateo Ricci Hall, Community Center Building
Moderator
Dennis Erasga
Paper 1
Teaching Sociology to Non-Sociology Majors
Zona Hildegarde S. Amper
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Paper 2
Level of Awareness of Grade 11 De La Salle Lipa Students regarding the K to
12 Program
Jhenna Catherine C. Cueto
Paper 3
After Three Years of K to 12 Curriculum Implementation: Reflections of
Teachers at Silliman University Elementary School
Mary Ann Mansing-Temprosa
Paper 4
How Philippine Public School Textbooks Imagine Democracy
Honey B. Tabiola
Paper 5
Perception of Future Social Studies Teachers on Indigenous Knowledge
Marilyn W. Macwes, Jaycee D. Cruz, Heidi F. Gamutlong,
Ayviciel B. Gatik and Mery Ann B. Manahon
PANEL 5F: SOCIOLOGY OF THE FAMILY
Venue
Calungsod-San Vitores Center, 11th floor of Community Center building
Moderator
Eva Natividad Mendoza
Paper 1
Children of BASECO: A Study on the Impacts of HOPE WWPH to their Clients as
an Independent Children
Anjanette P. Reyes and Maria Carinnes A. Gonzalez
Paper 2
An In Depth Study on the Challenges of Caregiving in the Family of Children
with Autism
Paula Isabel A. Reyes and Mark Anthony D. Abenir
Paper 3
Uncoupling of Married Couples: Proximate Reasons of Petitioners and
Perceptions on Marital Dissolution
Shiela May T. Julianda
Paper 4
Sulat Pasa: The traditional divorce paper among the Sama Ethnic Group in
Tawi-Tawi and its legal implications
Alshadat B. Sabal, Ibrahim S. Miguel and Madzween Joy K. de Asis
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PLENARY SESSIONS ABSTRACTS
PLENARY SESSION 1 | 7 OCTOBER | 9:30 AM | FINSTER AUDITORIUM
Imagining the Common Good for transformation education
Fr. Joel E. Tabora, SJ, Ateneo De Davao University
Fr. Joel Tabora's address calls for the
conference's
participants
to
contribute to the nation's imagined
democracy. Education plays a role
in
building
this
imagined
democracy
by
its
inherent
transformative power.
In Ateneo de Davao, Tabora shares
that the university's transformative
education is practiced through the
formation of sui generis leaders:
leaders who are unique in their
commitment in faith that does
justice, cultural sensitivity and interreligious dialogue, leaders who are
unique in their commitment to the
common good.
Tabora explains that each student is made to understand that the common good is not
something that is actualized, but is something that is projected, an aim in which all human
beings cooperate to achieve. Common good, as a projection that inspires the free
cooperation of all, may be called the imagined democracy. This is how leaders are formed
in Ateneo de Davao: they are required to have vision and imagination to project for others
the good for all. To engage in genuinely transformative education, Tabora says that
universities must complement the common good that is rationally conceived with the
common good that is imagined, desired, and pursued in cultivated multi-disciplinarity, and
in decided action.
Fr. Joel Tabora, S.J. is the current President of Ateneo de Davao University in Davao City,
Mindanao, Philippines. He is the newly elected President of the Catholic Educational
Association of the Philippines (CEAP), and chairman of its National Advocacy Commission.
He is also the President of the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools Colleges and
Universities (PAASCU). He is a board member of Xavier University, Ateneo de Zamboanga
University, the Catholic Ministry to Deaf People, the CEAP, and the Coordinating Council
of Private Educational Associations (COCOPEA) in the Philippines.
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PLENARY SESSION 2 | 7 OCTOBER | 11:00 AM | FINSTER AUDITORIUM
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION
Imagined Democracies: Transformations of Power and Knowledge
in Philippine Society
Prof. Maria Cynthia Rose Banzon-Bautista, University of the Philippines-Diliman
In his book Imagined Democracies,
Yaron
Ezrahi
described
contemporary democracy “not as
a deliberative self-entity of informed
free citizens envisioned by modern
Enlightenment thinkers” [but] “a
system of government in which
public policy consists of an eclectic
patchwork of half-baked programs,
where politicians tend to posture
rather than act, where the public
sphere is more a site of shifting
amorphous moods than a clash of
ideas” [2012:ix]. Ezrahi further
argues
that
“Historians
and
philosophers have tended to
associate politics driven by the
popular imagination with the
rejection of rationalism, generating
the politics of fascism or totalitarian
violence…These ideological and intellectual tendencies have hindered the recognition
that since popular imaginaries shape the political order and direct its politics, the
difference between authoritarian and democratic regimes does not lie in a dichotomy
between politics based on imagination, deception and violence, and politics based on
rationality, facts and deliberative processes. The opposition is rather between competing
clusters of popular imagination and their institutional and political consequences”
[2012:87].
The Keynote Address nuances Ehrazi’s insight in the context of competing ‘political and
social imaginaries’ in Philippine society as gleaned from contemporary developments. It
provides snapshots of discourses that underlie ideas, policy and practices emanating from
such imaginaries, illustrating them in the realm of politics and education. In the course of
the discussion, the Address raises concrete issues that suggest the need to balance
extreme elements of these imaginaries towards some common good.
Dr. Maria Cynthia Rose Banzon-Bautista is a Professor of Sociology at the University
of the Philippines-Diliman. She was a Commissioner at the Commision on on Higher
Education (CHED) until the first half of 2016.
She served as Dean of UP Diliman’s College of Social Sciences and Philosophy and
the Executive Director of the Center for Integrative and Development Studies. She
was part of the Advisory Board, Management Board, Board of Trustees or
Executive Board of various institutions including the National University of
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Singapore’s Asian Research Institute, the Philippine Institute of Development
Studies, the Human Development Network, the Philippine Social Science Council,
Pulse Asia, Inc, the Social Weather Stations, Inc, the UP Press, the Ford Foundation’s
International Fellowship Program and the Asian Scholarship Foundation. She is also
currently serving as the chairperson of the regional Task Force on the ASEAN
Qualifications Reference Framework (AQRF) and the UNESCO National
Commission’s Social Sciences and Humanities Committee.
Prof. Bautista is a prize-winning sociologist. Among her awards include the National
Research Council of the Philippines’ Achievement Award for the Social Sciences;
the UP Alumni Association’s Professional Achievement Award; the Outstanding
Women in the Nation’s Service (TOWNS); the National Academy of Science and
Technology’s (NAST) Outstanding Young Scientist Award and the NAST
Outstanding Publication Award.
PLENARY SESSION 3 | 8 OCTOBER | 8:15 AM | FINSTER AUDITORIUM
PANEL DISCUSSION
Vital statistics? Pollsters reflect on the power of quantitative research
Three of the country’s top quantitative researchers will take part in a panel
discussion on the ethics, politics and epistemology of quantitative research
methods. This session aims to take stock of the contributions of polling data in
understanding the Philippine society and safeguarding democratic procedures.
Speakers
Ronald Holmes, President, Pulse Asia Research Inc.
Gerardo Sandoval, Fellow, Social Weather Stations
Erwin Rafael, Instructor of Sociology, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Moderator
Arnold Alamon, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
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PLENARY SESSION 4 | 8 OCTOBER | 1 PM | FINSTER AUDITORIUM
When Inclusion Unsettles and Democracy Disorders: The Intelligibility of NonRepresentation in the Bangsamoro and Indigenous Peoples Contrasting Struggles
for Self Determination
Jose Jowel Canuday, Ateneo de Manila University
What constitutes inclusion and to
whom does democracy belongs?
The question of inclusion and
democracy
implicates
the
contrasting and at times competing
self-determination struggles waged
forth by the Bangsamoro and
indigenous peoples in intricate
ways. Long-standing efforts of
integrating both peoples into the
national body politic were not only
elusive as evinced by the failure of
successive proposals for ethnopolitical autonomy. Rather, they
underscore the growing frustrations
of
minority
communities
to
democratic
processes
that
privileged the strength of numbers
by a centralising state authority
over the recognition of minority
rights to self determination.
Shaped by these experiences, Bangsamoro and indigenous political formations
demanded less of representation and inclusion to national deliberative bodies, but
revealingly, in sharply differing terms. The Bangsamoro community pushed for a delineation
of an ancestral territory and possession of exclusive powers by which their constituencies,
regardless of religion, creed, or indigeneity would be recognised to determine their status
and exercise their right to autonomously define their own governing authority. On that
score, indigenous peoples formations called for their exclusion to a Bangsamoro entity,
rejecting Bangsamoro assurances of fair representation. Instead, indigenous groups
asserted their separation as a people with inherent rights of charting their future, not
necessarily within the democratic ideals of majority ruling but through a more organic
system of appropriating power. These sentiments, nonetheless, reflect the tensions of
integration and fragmentation, centralisation and decentralisation, formations and
reformations of the many spaces of the Global South.
Is fragmentation a path to inclusive voices and democratic future of the minoritised
peoples of the Philippines as it is in the broader domain of the Global South? Will projects
of integration hold? The Bangsamoro and indigenous peoples ancestral domain – both
spaces of the Global South - where contestation and the exuberant energy of public
engagement continue to unsettle the formation of centralised, unitary forms of state power
and forced us to rethink the configurations of inclusion and democracy.
Jose Jowel Canuday is an assistant professor at the Ateneo de Manila University. He holds
a doctoral degree in Social and Cultural Anthropology, which he earned from the
University of Oxford in 2013.
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Jowel authored “Bakwit: The Power of the Displaced,” an ethnographic monograph that
bears witness to the resiliency of the human spirit and finds power in powerlessness, drawing
insights from the creative ways by which displaced Muslim and indigenous peoples
communities dealt with the horrific impact of protracted warfare in Central Mindanao. The
monograph, which grew out of his master’s dissertation in anthropology at Xavier University
(Ateneo de Cagayan) and subsequently published by the Ateneo de Manila University
Press, won the 2009 National Book Awards.
Jowel hails from and was shaped by the resources of his native Mindanao, earning his
secondary education at the Davao City High School and BA Sociology at the Ateneo de
Davao University.
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PARALLEL SESSIONS ABSTRACTS
PANEL 1A | 7 OCTOBER | 13:00-14:45 | FINSTER BOARDROOM, ROOM F700, 7TH FLOOR, FINSTER
HALL
DAVAO BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION
Moderator: Maylanie Sani-Boloto, Mindanao State University- Marawi
Governance, Peace and Order, Performance of Government Officials and Post-election
Views: A Davao City-wide Social Survey
Christine Diaz, Ateneo de Davao University
The fifth run of the City-wide Social Survey was conducted on May 25 to 30, 2016, through
face-to-face interviews of 630 residents of the three districts and sub-districts of Davao City. A
multiple stage sampling design was used representing the rural and urban classification. A
complete enumeration of the districts and sub-districts was done, followed by the random
sampling of barangays and households. The head of households who were 18 years old and
above were the respondents in the survey. A sampling error of + 4% at 95% significance level
was used in the study.
Davaoeños gave a high satisfaction rating on the performance of Mayor Rodrigo Duterte. A
good score card was also given to other local officials. Regarding infrastructure and social
services, they claim there is a huge improvement in “911 Services”, “roads, bridges, drainage”,
“public hospital” and “public schools”. The local government of Davao City was perceived as
responsive to the concerns of ordinary people, indicating a high personal political efficacy
because of the trust and faith to the local government and the belief that ordinary citizens
can influence the government. However, “drugs”, “killings”, “poverty”, and “criminal
incidents” are the top three threats to peace and order in Davao City according to most
Davaoeños. When asked about their opinion on the Davao Death Squad, majority believe
“the DDS can solve criminality”. They also say there is no fair justice system in the Philippines.
Furthermore, majority of the Davaoeños voted during the May 9, 2016 elections with the belief
that “voting can effect change”, “voting is a public duty”, “it is an opportunity to exercise the
right to vote”, and “voting is a way to speak out one’s mind”. They voted for Rodrigo Duterte
as president because of his “leadership abilities”, “sterling track record”, and “good
platforms”. It is clear they already have a cogent decision who to vote for as president on the
day of Duterte’s filing of candidacy. Their final decision was influenced heavily by “television”,
“political debates”, and “political advertisements”. The Davao City electors gave their
overwhelming support to President Rodrigo Duterte. However, they claim they will be
disappointed if the new president will be corrupt, unable to address peace and order, lacks
transparency, and unable to generate employment.
Challenging Mindanao’s power and knowledge constructs
Karl Gaspar, Ateneo de Davao University
The present reality connected to the Presidency of Rodrigo Roa Duterte promises to transform
power and construction of knowledge in Mindanao which could have far-reaching impact in
the entire Republic. Appropriating Pierre Bourdieu, Duterte's habitus places him at a location
far different from other Presidents of this Republic, simply because he hails from Davao City
and has taken on a strong Mindanawon perspective of both a reading of historical events
and contemporary realities. Given his social capital as President of the Republic, his words
and deeds - even in this short period of his Presidency - is bound to create ripples that could
ultimately make a dent in terms of the structures of power and sources of knowledge
constructs defining both the Philippines in general and Mindanao, in particular.
When he brought to the public's attention the massacre of Moro men, women and children
in the infamous Bud Dajo massacre in Jolo during the American colonial regime - downloaded
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photos of which were even distributed at the recent ASEAN gathering in Laos - he sustained
his position regarding how the Moro people have suffered historical injustices both in terms of
the colonial past but also in the contemporary period. Thus his administration has strongly
moved into aggressive peace negotiations with the Moro rebel groups in the hope of righting
this historical inequality between the Moro people and the rest of the Filipino people. In the
process, he has also challenged the manner that our educational system has done a historical
injustice against Mindanawons by ignoring important historical events taking place in southern
Philippines, both in terms of not incorporating historical facts into the State's DepEd-sanctioned
textbooks but also not encouraging History teachers to make sure that Mindanao's history is
well covered in their classes.
This has not been true only in reference to the Moro people but also to the Lumad; the result
of which has not led to their empowerment but also sustaining gaps in knowledge systems of
our citizenry. Thus the field today is very ripe for what Duterte has referred to as a time of
radical change in the country. One hopes this can happen, even as one crosses one's fingers
that human rights of the citizenry are not sacrificed just because he wants his war against
drugs to succeed, come hell or high water.
Living with the Promise of Violence: The Philippine State and Indigenous People in the
Agusan frontier
Augusto B. Gatmaytan, Ateneo de Davao University
This paper proposes to explore the phenomenology of terror, by examining the experiences
of an indigenous Banwaon community in the frontier region of Agusan del Sur province, in
northern Mindanao, southern Philippines. Drawing from ethnographic data gathered from
2008-2010, it follows the community as it contends with threats posed by a death squad
reportedly organized and controlled by a Banwaon leader, within the larger context of the
Philippine state's long-running counter-insurgency operations in the area. In this effort, Neil
Whitehead's notion of the 'poetics of violence' will guide the analysis of the community's
experience. The paper acknowledges the community's agency as they seek solutions to their
problems, but also points to the limits of that agency. It is hoped that the paper may give
insights into the phenomenon of the “Lumad Killings,” as well as the continuing vigilante
murders perpetrated in the prosecution of the war against illegal drugs. In the process, our
understanding of the Philippine state can be refined, so as to encompass this dark and
dangerous side as well.
The Sociological Significance of Bay’Ah (Pledge of Allegiance) in Islam: The Missing link in the
Philippine Military’s Denial of ISIS’ Presence in the Philippines
Mansoor Limba, Ateneo de Davao University
From the inception of ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) in Syria among the rebel groups
fighting against the Assad regime, to the spread of ISIS in Iraq and the rise of a certain Abu
Bakr Baghdadi as the ISIS Leader, to the almost daily atrocities claimed by it in various
countries, a specter of an unprecedented Islamist violent extremism has caught international
attention.
In the Philippines, as the atmosphere of pessimism over the non-passage of the BBL has
prevailed in the recent months, there have been reports of pledging of allegiance to ISIS
global leadership by local individuals and extremist groups such as the Abu Sayyaf Group,
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters, Ansar al-Khilafah Philippines, and Khilafah Islamiyah
Movement, and sympathies variedly expressed by groups and individuals both in the real and
virtual worlds. Amidst the existence of these various manifestations of the growing influence of
ISIS on local Muslim individuals and groups in the Philippines, in general, and in Mindanao, in
particular, since 2014 up to the present, there has been a persistent Philippine military
authorities’ denial of the presence of ISIS in the country.
20
This paper shall explore the sociological significance of bay‘ah (pledging of allegiance to a
leader) in Islamic political thought as the missing link in the Philippine military’s denial of ISIS’
presence in the country.
PANEL 1B | 7 OCTOBER | 13:00-14:45 | MEDIA ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL, COMMUNITY
CENTER BUILDING
BEYOND THE RHETORIC: SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF DEVELOPMENT AND
PARTICIPATION
Moderator: Mark Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
Expecting the unexpected: The role of surprise and the challenge of scaling up in
development projects
Czarina Saloma-Akpedonu, Ateneo de Manila University
How do development projects transform everyday knowledge into so-called development
knowledge? How do pilot projects scale up? This presentation examines the pilot
implementation of a community-driven development project in the Philippines as a living
laboratory and an implicit real-life experiment. Real-life experiments aim at identifying
surprising interactions between the experimental system and its context, while a living
laboratory not only emphasizes experimentation but also co-creation. The goal in analyzing
data from a sixteen-month process-oriented assessment of a community-development
project is to explain why any development project’s ability to handle surprise, or the
unexpected, during implementation promotes its scaling up. Surprises arise because
development projects inevitably involve knowledge mobilization. This community-driven
project mobilized knowledge in two ways: first, by drawing on tested and accepted
knowledge on how to induce community participation, and second by identifying everyday
events that occur unexpectedly and run counter to accepted knowledge about communitydriven development. Many social science and development practitioners are wary of the
notion of ‘experiment’, associating it with the social costs of experimenting with people.
However, lessons from the project show that development projects must recognize the
mobilization of knowledge - especially everyday knowledge - as a component of
implementation. The adoption of experimental habits and the problem-solving mode is the
corollary of this recognition. The presentation ends with a reflection on how the
implementation of pilot development projects as implicit real-life experiments and living
laboratories that enables the integration of everyday knowledge consequently allows the
scaling up of pilot projects.
(Re)Framing “Energy Development” in the Philippines Neoliberal Tendencies, Scientification,
and Public Policy
Jalton Garces Taguibao, University of the Philippines Diliman
Public policy emerges through the mobilization of biases in the policy process, as these are
eventually raised in the formal-institutional arenas of government. The articulatory and
communicative moments in the policy process indicate the material “drivers” and “movers”
that motivate policy formulation. The literature in classical political sociology typically identifies
these as group interests and preferences. However, attention should also be drawn to the
structural-ideational view that public policy is also a social (re)production of particular
dominant discourse structures. In the context of Philippine energy development, this paper
argues that energy policy instruments since 1987, such as executive orders and legislations,
have reproduced and reified the dominance of a neoliberal discourse. Coupled with a
“scientific-technical” rationale, these dominant discourses in the public policy narrative have
de-emphasized the “ethical” and “ecological” dimensions of energy policy and energy
development in the Philippines. And, with the advent of “global warming” and “global
climate change” in the public policy lingo, “renewable energy” policy has also been
(re)framed to accommodate and reify ecological modernization and neoliberal sensibilities.
The paper is based on the author’s on-going research of the Philippine Renewable Energy
21
Development. The primary sources for this paper are official government reports, speeches,
and congressional transcripts. Secondary sources such as commentaries and news releases
are also included.
Social Inclusion, ICTs, and Participatory Initiatives at the Community Level: A Case Study
Hilary Martinez, Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
The inclusion of citizens in community decision-making processes is a crucial indicator for the
success or failure of a citizen participation initiative. This research focuses on the case of the
Check My Barangay project of the Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and
the Pacific in 2015, a civil society organization-led initiative that features the use of information
and communication technologies (ICTs) for social inclusion in community decision-making.
The study looks into the effectiveness of Information Communication Technology as a
participatory platform to promote social inclusion and citizen participation at the community
level.
Through a combination of survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the project’s
research findings revealed that offline face-to-face approaches are more effective in terms
of engaging community members compared to online-based ICTs. Also, relative to offline
approaches, online and ICT-based modes are more costly particularly in the development of
the online modes for citizen participation and training sessions. The study discusses the
necessity for considering diversity and context in the design and development of technologies
for participation. Given initiatives similar to these advance participation and inclusion, these
considerations must be first examined before utilizing ICTs as participatory mechanism,
especially at the community level.
The research intends to contribute to the literature on technology and citizen participation at
the local level in the Philippines. It also hopes that the research will serve as a reference case
for other Civil Society Organizations and development agencies who intend to incorporate
ICTs in their various participatory initiatives and advocacy.
Exploring Social Perspectives on Disability
Marilyn L. Balmeo, Alma L. Cales, Rhea Lizette B. Casuga, Soulykha Ruth F. Chokyogen, Alyssa
Marie E. Culbengan, Ruth Mae L. Dogue-is, Michelle K. Dominong and Mark Regan P. Sapdoy,
Saint Louis University
The number of people who are unaware and who lack in background about the world of
disabilities is still numerous nowadays. This study was conducted to explore the different social
perspectives of people on disability. Knowing the extent of these social perspectives will
unlock an opportunity for improvement of their knowledge about disabilities. There were 25
participants who are from the researchers’ places that make this a sociological research. Data
was gathered through personal interviews about how they think on disability and this includes
their personal encounters or prior knowledge regarding people with disability. The findings of
this study encompassed conceptualized themes emerging on the participants’ accounts.
There were identified perspectives; they are “pity”, “social burdens”, “hereditary (medical
conditions)”, and “extreme uniqueness”. The perceptions show that people do not only look
at disability as a tragedy or misfortune but it also contains a positive outlook on people with
disabilities and works that they can do for the community.
Case Studies of Level of Empowerment of UST-Simbahayan Partner Communities
Roxanne M. Bautista and Mark Anthony Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
The study delves on measuring empowerment of selected partner communities and
organizations of the UST-Simbahayan Community Development program. The study argues
that measuring empowerment, through different factors such as: a) Empowerment of the
community leaders, b) Empowerment of the community members, c) Motivations, d) Leader’s
22
Competency and Efficiency, e) Communication and reliability in the organization, f) Programs
and Projects in the community, and g) Sustainability amongst the selected partner
communities, is significant because it serves as an indicator to know whether a community
can stand on its own and be ready for phase out. The study makes use of Giddens'
Structuration Theory Duality of Structure) as a sociological lens to further understand how
empowerment takes place in a community or organization. This paper utilizes mixed-methods
through evaluative survey and focus group discussion targeting organized groups who call
themselves Samahang Kamanlalakbay in 1) Sitio Haduan Barangay Marcos Village,
Mabalacat, Pampanga, 2) Barangay Balucuc Apalit, Pampanga, and 3) Barangay
Lambakin, Marilao, Bulacan. The study hopes to contribute in further understanding how
power takes shape in people’s everyday lives.
PANEL 1C | 7 OCTOBER | 13:00-14:45 | THE TRAINING ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
CONSTRUCTING AND NEGOTIATING CULTURE
Moderator: Esnaira Salem, Bureau on Cultural Heritage - ARMM
You Are What You Watch: The Role of Film in Identity Formation and Development in the
Philippines
Erwin James A. dela Cruz, University of the Philippines Manila
This presentation analyzes the role of film in identity formation and development in the
Philippines. It also investigates the situation of the Philippine film industry in relation to
government and private institutions. Operating in a Marxist political economy framework, this
paper posits that capital greatly influences how identities are formed due to its control over
what kinds of films are available in the market and are encouraged to be made. This alienates
filmmakers from their capacity and potential to create films that can truly liberate minds,
which in turn sustains viewers as mere spectators of film – devoid of consciousness in changing
their realities. Through the usage of interviews, film showing, and secondary sources, the
researcher hopes this could give light in better achieving a Philippine film industry that truly
liberates minds.
The 5th Function of Money as Transmitter of Cultural Identity and Knowledge: the case of the
current Philippine bank notes
Adrian Lawrence Carvajal, St. Paul University
Generally, economists have detailed four functions of money which are as follows: (1) Medium
of exchange, (2) Unit of account; (3) Standard of deferred payments and (4) Store of value.
In medium exchange, money can be used for buying and selling goods and services. In unit
of account, money is the common standard for measuring relative worth of goods and
services. In store of value, money’s value can be retained over time and it’s a convenient way
to store wealth. In standard of deferred payments, money is an accepted way to settle a
debt. Consequently, researches on money brimmed on its customary functions. Hence, there
is however a manifest scarcity of research on money neither as an instrument of
communication nor as a process of communicating. Anchored on Helleiner’s work (1997,
1998, 1999, 2003) that money can be a medium of mass communication, the study further
probed this fifth function as it also disseminates the unique identity and culture of a particular
issuing country. The visual design of currencies may contain images of national leaders,
images, symbols, or any other representations that illustrate significant personalities, events,
architecture, places, flora and fauna of a particular country or region. This study examines the
new Philippine bank notes currently under circulation which is known as the New Generation
Currency series, particularly its imagery design and its significance in conveying Filipino identity
and culture.
Living with the Ipula: Enculturation in a Resettlement Community
Rotchel L. Amigo, Bukidnon State University
23
This paper describes the experiences of Ivatan migrants in Bukidnon. Furthermore, it explored
the role of Ivatan community as custodians of their culture and its impact on the transmission
of Ivatan culture to the young generations. The interplay of acculturation and assimilation was
also undertaken to holistically determine the challenges of culture preservation. The
methodology employed modified-adopted questionnaires and to determine their role as
custodian of culture, in-depth interview, observation and documentation of the enduring
tangible and intangible heritage were undertaken. The respondents of this study are the firstgeneration Ivatan migrants. The Ivatans are from Batanes who eventually settled in Bukidnon,
particularly in Malinao, an urban barangay of the Municipality of Kalilangan under the
resettlement program of Magsaysay administration. Findings revealed that the Ivatan’s
women had low acculturation in both the language and ethnic identity measures of
acculturation. This showed that they had a strong affirmation and belongingness to their
ethnic group. For more than 50 years of settlement and still they affirmed their ethnic identity
as Ivatans but they are found to be non-enthusiastic in the transmission of the intangible and
tangible cultural heritage.
From Introspection to Policy: Discourses of National Identity in Philippine Cultural Diplomacy
Frances Pauline C. Brillantes, Adamson University
There is a strong need to recognize the significance of cultural diplomacy in foreign policy,
especially for a politically, militarily, and economically less influential state as the Philippines.
Cultural diplomacy entails the craft and presentation of a national identity as a diplomatic
tool for mutual understanding among states. It can elevate a political agenda or mend hostile
relationships. To implement cultural diplomacy, it is necessary that a state have a clear
understanding of its national identity. For the Philippines, with its multitude of narratives, this
concept seems elusive. From here we ask: Who are we (as a state, as a people, and ultimately
as a member of the international community)? To know where we lie in the complex world of
international relations is to know our identity as a nation involved in the international
community. As culture is intrinsic in public diplomacy, it is imperative that we know, and
carefully examine, how we as a nation project ourselves to the world. Soft power is an
alternative to achieving influence for militarily and economically weaker countries, thus the
need for an elaborate survey of our narrative. This paper seeks to answer this in the light of the
Socio-Cultural Community of the ASEAN Community. It integrates concepts of cultural
diplomacy, national identity using the concept of Soft Power as its framework while arguing
that for a small power like the Philippines, an alternative to power and influence lies not in
hard power but in its intrinsic cultural heritage and diversity.
PANEL 1D| 7 OCTOBER | 13:00-14:45 | BOARD ROOM D, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA (A): BROADCAST MEDIA AND THE SHARED REALITIES
Moderator: Manuel P. Diaz
Television News Constructions of Mindanao: Absence, Neglect, Violence, Difference
Estelle Marie M. Ladrido, Ateneo de Manila University
Ariel Robert C. Ponce, Notre Dame University
Media representations are implicated in processes relating to constructions of national
identity. As the result of Spanish and American colonial policy in the Mindanao region in
southern Philippines, those provinces experienced a different cultural, historical and political
trajectory from most of the country. As most, if not all, nationally broadcasting media
organizations are located in the capital, Manila, located in the north, we hypothesized that
Mindanao may receive differential representation and treatment in news programs, which
would have consequences in Mindanaons’ construction of their identity as Filipinos. Employing
a mediation framework to investigate how news participates in national identity construction
among Cotabato residents in Central Mindanao, this article focuses on the representation
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and discursive construction of Mindanao in Southern Philippines in television news. Using
content and discursive analysis in examining local and national broadcasts of the news
program TV Patrol, we found that beyond the absence of Mindanao on national news
programs, the region is discursively constructed along three themes: a discourse of violence,
neglect and difference.
Bawal and Epal: Dynamics of Political Communication in Everyday Life
Louie Benedict Ignacio, Seth Liu and Leslie Boado, Colegio de San Juan de Letran – Manila
In the Philippines, the Fair Elections Act (Act No. 9006) requires all registered parties and
candidates in an election to be given equal opportunities, under equal circumstances, to
make known their qualifications and their stand on public issues. In addition, the Act obliges
the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) to procure public exposure equally and impartially,
among all candidates for national office. In line with the 2016 National Elections, this study
aims to determine the different styles of political communication being used by traditional
politicians to be able to send their messages and intentions to the public. Qualitatively, this
research aims to seek the effectiveness of available instruments when it comes to everyday
communication between politicians and their constituents. Furthermore, the study tries to
answer some research issues pertaining to persuasion, results, and effects in the mass or in the
publics, and generate possible emulation, especially in matters of everyday dynamics.
Looking at the meaning and experiences of our participants regarding the said topic through
phenomenology, collection of data such as, but not limited to, their insights and opinions, their
understanding, and their involvement when it comes to the candidates’ approach in
campaigning, through interviews and content analysis of election campaign materials, the
researchers should be able to analyze and understand everyday dynamics, political strategy,
communication strategy, and electoral strategy.
Humor and Television Comedy in the Philippines: A preliminary study on Eat Bulaga
Samuel I. Cabbuag, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
This paper looks into the humor of the noontime show Eat Bulaga’s segment entitled “Juan for
All, All for Juan: Bayanihan op d’Pipol.” By looking at its humor, this paper argues that the
humor shown reflects what is currently happening in Philippine culture and society. I did a
content analysis of selected episodes in the month of April this year. I looked at the themes
present in the humorous content of the show. The themes I encountered are as follows: (1)
Body Humor, (2) Gender, (3) Word play, (4) Situational, and (5) Mixed themes. After finding the
themes, I did a discourse analysis of what is television comedy in the Philippines, since many
are regarding Eat Bulaga as an “institution” in Philippine entertainment for having been on air
for 37 years. I also supplement this study by giving reflections on the following: the local
construct of the show on the word “Bayanihan,” which is prevalent in the entire show, the use
of commercialism, and even the use of techniques like sound effects.
Re-imagining the art and democracy: Ang kontrobersiyal na politeismo ni Mideo Cruz at
ang Filipino Public Sphere
Danim R. Majeran and Lilimay Manalo, Samahang Saliksik Pasig, Inc.
Binuksan sa publiko ang pasundayag na pinagamatang Kulô noong Hunyo 17, 2011 sa
Cultural Center of the Philippines bilang bahagi sa pagdiriwang ng ika-150 na kaarawan ng
itinuturing na pambansang bayaning si Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Nagtanghal ito ng iba’t ibang anyo
at nilalaman bilang tugon sa kung papaano ang kasalukuyang alagad ng sining ay binigyang
paghuhulagway ang buhay at mga ideya ni Rizal sa kontemporanyong lipunan at panahon.
Sa hindi inaasahang pangyayari, naging kontrobersiyal ito partikular Politeismo ni Mideo Cruz.
Dahil na rin sa paglikha nito nang magkakasalungat na persepsiyon/resepsiyon mula sa
manonood ng sining at mga institusyong panlipunan/pansining. Kaya’t naitayo nito ang isang
malawak na lunduyan o public sphere para bigyang hamon ang definisyon at halaga ng
sining. Sa papel na ito ay muling-babasahin at uunawain upang mabawi at/o maisakonteksto
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ang mensahe ng pasundayag at partikular mismo ang likhang-sining ni Cruz. Sa tulong at
gabay ng semiyotikong lapit, boses at/o testimonya ng artista at mga kritikal na sanaysay ay
mahuhubog at maitatayo ang lunduyang bubuwag (Filipino public sphere) sa templo ng
karukhaan sa edukasyong pansining. At sa gabay at dulog ng sosyolohiya ng sining na
sumasandig dito ang kritikal na diskurso. Bagama’t luma na ang paksang ito, malaki pa rin
ang potensiya at potensiyal upang makapag-ambag sa diskurso at pagpayabong ng korpus
sa disiplina ng sining at sosyolohiya. At sa kasalukuyang usapin, sa kung papaano bibigyang
larawan ang kahulugan ng demokrasiya o kalayaan, ang sining ay mahalagang
kasangkapan para masagot ito.
PANEL 1E | 7 OCTOBER | 13:00-14:45 | BOARD ROOM E, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Moderator: Shiela May T. Julianda, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Inheriting Memories and Experiences of Natural Disaster for Disaster Risk Reduction in
Vulnerable Societies: From the Case of Japan and the Philippines
Tasuku Ohashi, Doshisha University
On November 2013, the super typhoon “Haiyan” hit communities in the Visayan Sea areas in
the Philippines and the typhoon brought numerous and phenomenal “catastrophe” in the
society and inner nature of the human beings. Needless to say, memories and experiences of
“Haiyan” are unpredictable and unprecedented hazards which people and the society
never experienced before. In addition, as time passes, their memories and experiences of
“Haiyan” were gradually formed to the symbol of the sense of “tragedy”, “anger”, “loss”,
“helplessness” and “fear” in inner nature of disaster victims. Moreover, thanks to the function
of “normalcy bias” of one’s mind, these memories and experiences are usually sealed into
“oblivion” in one’s mind, and easily disappears with time and never be utilized enough in
future education for disaster risk reduction (DRR).
With increasing of global risks of climate change and vulnerability, natural disaster will easily
occur than before. To seek disaster resilient society, utilizing disaster experiences and
memories in DRR is now considered one of solutions to archive people-centered response to
natural disaster. In this research, presenter is focusing on how to share and inherit catastrophic
memories and experiences of natural disaster to next generation with utilizing it in DRR and
climate change adaptation (CCA) from the case of Japan and the Philippines. From the point
of view of sociology of disasters and applied anthropology, the presenter will clarify how
disaster memories and experiences have been inherited before in these two countries, with
referring functions of their typical social structures.
The Real Victims: Discourses of Power Relations in the Assessment of Climate Change
Experience
Catherine Roween Chico-Almaden, Manilee Lorraine Panares-Pagapulaan and Don
Antonio Velez, Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan
It is foremost that the people involved are included in the characterization of the experience
and the measures done in relation to climate change adaptation and mitigation. This paper
discusses the experiences of climate change but greatly highlights vulnerable groups as well
as groups of “power” and presents that there are variances in the considerations of who gets
to be the “in group”. The beneficiary is perceived to be the whole city in such a way that
includes small groups like farmers and fisher folk, the formal sectors, the indigenous people,
and “biota other than man”. Addressing climate change challenges is generally seen to have
a wide scope of population beneficiaries that span from the vulnerable groups of women and
children, the elderly, persons with disabilities (PWDs), to the “lumads” and the indigenous
peoples. The notion and construction of being beneficiaries comes intertwined with the idea
of being a victim of climate change challenges. This contention highlights the segregation
26
and the idea that adaptation and mitigation measures are either monopolized or misdirected.
The contention that there are those who must be considered as “the real victims” of climate
change is seen to negate the notion that climate change is a global concern rather than a
sectoral one.
Inclusive Planning for the Management and Rehabilitation of Shared Spaces
Don Antonio Velez, Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan
Some parts of Mindanao have been accustomed to the sparing of large scale disturbances
of climatic anomalies until the recent years when areas in the southern part of the Philippines
have been subjected to multiple climate change challenges in many different forms and
scales. It is argued that the continued denudation and non-sustainable consumption of the
resources in the natural watersheds largely contributed to the manner disasters make
themselves known in the Northern Mindanao Region. Thus, highlighting the need to assess and
plan for the rehabilitation of the watersheds as a mechanism to prepare for the possibilities
and to establish plans for adapting and mitigating its effects. Cagayan de Oro River Basin
Management Council (CDORBMC) and Agusan River Basin Council (ARBC) are composed of
state, religious, and civic organizations working with the International Union for Conservation
of Nature (IUCN) in the conduct of consultations, workshops, and planning activities adapting
the PESTEL framework for the management and rehabilitation of the area. Focusing on the
challenges, needs and the importance of the social component in the overarching concern
of the planning, management, and the rehabilitation of river basin systems; this paper argues
the need to highlight the human component in the formulation of measures, policies, and
plans in management as the social processes, i.e. the contact with and communication of
plans, policies, measures, and mechanisms that will manage and rehabilitate the shared
spaces, greatly affect success of managing and rehabilitating mechanisms of the shared
spaces.
Socio-Economic Effects of the Closure of the Small-Scale Mining Operation in Sitio Pirada,
Brgy. Del Pilar, Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte
Jeannette Louise S. Labial, Celestie Jane B. Posadas, Honey Kristel Gayle L. Ruelan and
Sulpecia L. Ponce, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Sitio Pirado is a mining community where majority of the people are employed in small-scale
mining activities. It started after the closure of the large-scale mining operation of Lepanto
Mining Corporation in 1976 until September 2015 when its operation stopped. This study
examines the effects of its closure to the miners using a sample of 50 families selected through
snowball sampling method. The findings show that the miners were adversely affected
economically except for families who retained their domestic gold processing technology
using ball mills. The others were forced to become farmers and motorcycle drivers to earn a
living. The stoppage of mining operation was ordered by the provincial governor whereby the
gold extraction machines that processed gold production were permanently disabled.
Political dynamics resulting from differences in political affiliation was known to be cause of
this order.
The political rivalry of siblings occupying top elective positions in the
province/district created confusion and intensified the social divisions of their followers at the
barangay level. While the closure of the mining operation brought economic disaster to the
families affected, the inability of people to earn a modest living also resulted in the decline of
drug abuse incidence in the sitio.
PANEL 2A | 7 OCTOBER | 15:00-16:45| FINSTER BOARDROOM, ROOM F700, 7TH FLOOR, FINSTER
HALL
WHAT USE IS SOCIOLOGY OUTSIDE THE ACADEMY? REFLECTIONS FROM SOCIOLOGISTS
WORKING WITH THE STATE
Moderator: Nicole Curato, University of Canberra
27
“What use is sociology?” asks Zygmunt Bauman in his latest book of the same title. Sociology
has been accused of developing esoteric forms of knowledge while remaining inadequate
to the task of responding to the gross inequality, immiseration and violence experienced by
large sectors of society. This roundtable discussion aims to generate candid yet critical
conversations among sociologists in applied fields of practice. Each speaker will share his/her
insights on sociological thinking’s role in government, to be followed by an open discussion
with the audience. Overall, this roundtable hopes to make a case for sociology’s functions in
fields that direct chart the course of social change, for good or ill.
Panelist 1: Hon. Aidel Paul Belamide Vice Mayor, Municipality of Silang, Cavite
Panelist 2: Esnaira Salem, Bureau on Cultural Heritage - ARMM
Panelist 3: Mary Grace M. Soriano, Public-Private Partnership Centre
Panelist 4: Ma. Laarni Jadloc, National Anti-Poverty Commission
Panelist 5: Abdel Jamal Disangcopan, UP Law Center
PANEL 2B | 7 OCTOBER | 15:00-16:45| MEDIA ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL, COMMUNITY
CENTER BUILDING
THE VILLAGE BASE STATIONS (VBTS) PROJECT AND THE PROMISE OF BRINGING CELLULAR
COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE TO THE MARGINS
Moderator: Marie Joy B. Arguillas, University of the Philippines Diliman
Towards Building a Community Cellular Network in the Philippines: Initial Site Survey
Observations
Cedric Festin, University of the Philippines Diliman
In this paper, findings from preliminary site surveys in prospective project sites will be presented.
Initial observations from field visits to unserved localities, specifically on how people adapt to
the lack of access to mobile communications infrastructure will be discussed. The challenges
posed by the existing policy environment and the current situation of spectrum ownership in
the Philippines will also be examined.
This is an updated version of a paper that was presented and published in the proceedings of
the 8th International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and
Development held in 2016.
The Need for Reflexivity and Dialogue in Developing Human-Centered Technologies
Josephine Dionisio, University of the Philippines Diliman
The VBTS project is an interdisciplinary project through the support of the CHED PCARI
program. The PCARI program brings together as partners an array of stakeholders. This
presentation will discuss the framework that underpins the VBTS project as part of this initiative
– that engendering development and empowerment for all requires reflexivity and sustained
dialogue that dissolves traditional barriers between disciplines, cultures, and social statuses.
Human-centered technologies presuppose that technologies are in themselves bearers of
dominant knowledge and power relations; technologies are discourses. To achieve the
disruptive and transformative potentials of engineering design and development, it is
necessary to recognize that end-users as knowledgeable partners. Human-centered
technology development therefore would have to be deliberately participatory and
empowering, and should also facilitate a truly interdisciplinary collaboration.
This shift is fast becoming a buzzword in the North as the competition in global value chains
continue to intensify. Thus the shift, while potentially progressive, might become a mere
conduit to sustain the lopsided relations of power between the North and the South.
Academic researchers are in a strategic position to redefine this relationship in the area of
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research and development by experimenting and learning from collaborative efforts such as
the PCARI that facilitate North-South dialogue in the context of equal-status partnership.
Discussant: Czarina Saloma-Akpedonu, Ateneo de Manila University
PANEL 2C | 7 OCTOBER |15:00-16:45| THE TRAINING ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
PROBLEMATIZING CITIZENSHIP & ETHNICITY
Moderator: Pat Ray M. Dagapioso, Mindanao State University- Naawan
Woman as “Race”: Communication Dynamics between selected Rural Women Workers and
Community Stakeholders in Calamba City
Abigail Ruth A. Batalon, Godly Ann T. Camitan and Ria Joy N. Lontoc, Colegio de San Juan
de Letran- Calamba
This research is premised on the role of communication in community development and
empowerment. Communication is defined as a social process designed to bring community
members together, particularly women, for collective action. This research examined how
communication dynamics played a role between selected rural women workers and
community stakeholders of Balagbag-Araw, Canlubang, Calamba City. Using descriptive
research design and Critical Race Theory (CRT), this research finds that there was a poor level
of transmission and reception, rooted to CRT’s intersectionality and racism, prevalent among
the rural women and no facilitation at all. It was also proven that each skill of communication
dynamics is a two-way process and is a co-requisite of another where people are both senders
and receivers of information and creators of knowledge. With this research, we recommend
that the rural policymakers as well as agencies should give rural women more significance by
acknowledging and further assessing the struggles and issues that they continue to face.
Is White Skin a Salient Basis for Attractiveness Among University Students?: An Experiment
Using Male and Female Models
Mark Anthony M. Quintos and Minami O. Iwayama, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Colorism is very evident in the Philippines. White-skin ideology has conditioned the minds of
Filipinos that “fairer skin” is necessary for them to achieve beauty and social acceptance. Blay
(as cited by Tamblyn, 2013) explained that the desire for whiteness dates back during the time
of colonization when manual laborers tend to have darker skin because they are working
under the sun, while the wealthy and powerful have whiter complexion since they lived a life
of leisure indoors. Maddox (as cited by Harris, 2008) observed in Latin America that “money
whitens” since those with high social status are able to claim lighter color identities than
people with the same skin color but fewer material resources. Maddox concluded that the
more precise term for colorism is “phenotypic bias” or the bias towards preference for lighter
skin. An experiment utilizing 10 facial images of male and female models with varying skin
colors was conducted. The study aimed to know if a change in the skin color causes a
significant difference in the perceived attractiveness of models, identify if the skin color of
models are a salient basis for their perceived attractiveness, and distinguish if a subject’s
actual skin color, skin color preferences for self, and for one’s ideal partner have a significant
relationship with one’s perception of the models’ attractiveness. Data were analyzed using
test of population on paired samples, descriptive statistics, and spearman rank correlation.
Results and implications were discussed.
From Exclusion to Assimilation: The Ethnic Chinese in the Philippines, 1946-1986
Elliott T. Grieco, University of the Philippines Diliman
In the early decades of Philippine national independence, the state imposed numerous
restrictions upon the rights of non-citizens, with special attention to marginalizing the
economic penetration of the Chinese community in retail and trained professions. ‘Filipino
29
First’ and similar policies of ethnic protection persisted until the 1970s. Shortly after the
declaration of martial law, however, this orientation towards the Chinese community was
largely reversed; the pathway to citizenship was liberalized to allow long-time foreign residents
to gain citizenship rights equal to domestically ethnic locals, effectively overturning previous
instruments of Chinese minority exclusion. The educational system was also reformed to
assimilate ethnic foreigners through the banning of non-Filipino educational institutions. While
the consequences of such policies in assimilating and normalizing Chinese-Filipinos are clear,
the regime’s motivations in pursuing these reforms have been opaque. This research project
seeks to adjudicate among the competing explanations for Marcos’s assimilation policies. The
state’s diplomatic evolution with the People’s Republic of China validates ethnic relations
theories which prioritize geopolitical factors, while relationships between states and Chinese
ethnic elites would favor more domestically grounded mechanisms of ethnic power
brokerage. By tracing the process of policy selection and its consequences, this research
project seeks to resolve an unanswered question about Philippine history while also enriching
the extant literature on the politics of ethnic nationalism.
Negotiated Citizenship through Civic Association: Contestations of Collective Empowerment
among Filipino Irregular Migrants in Japan
Anderson V. Villa, Ateneo de Davao University
This case study focuses on addressing the question, “How do non-state actors deal with the
irregular migrants’ precarious status?” As an offshoot of the author’s dissertation, this highlights
the research notes and memos taken from the study using case study research methodology
and analysis with a little help from NVivo qualitative software. It particularly cited the work of
Eliasoph (2013) which concluded that participating in associations offers people some sort of
cognitive (knowledge), emotional (solidarity), and political benefits (power). As argued by
various migration scholarships (e.g. Tsuda, 2006; Shipper, 2008), such positive benefits
subliminally agitates individuals to recognize the importance of forming solidarity groups with
fellow migrants. The case study shows that an unwanted irregular migrant will certainly seek
recognition, not necessarily from mainstream society but from peers, networks, and most of
the time from compatriots – establishing links, and building contacts – and thus negotiated
their status with the host society. This research also generated an alternative hypothesis which
states, “As migration control becomes much stricter, more irregular migrants are seeking
assistance from non-state actors and the migration industry.” Indeed, as observed in the works
of Apichai Shipper (2011) and Stephen Nagy (2013), the collaborative effort of migrant and
non-migrant organizations between Filipino-run and Japanese-run NGOs at the local level
(including church and non-church based groups) play an immensely indispensable role in
sending a message across national boundaries that transnational migration agency (actors
forming as collectivities) inadvertently reshapes a new world order for the global migration
process.
Post-Conflict Recovery Condition: The Case of Muslim and Christian Communities After the
2008 MILF Siege in Lanao del Norte
Sittie Aisah D. Abubacar, Annie Joy A. Dagpin, Monalisa D. Sultan, Sulpecia L. Ponce,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
The municipality of Kolambugan, Lanao del Norte was attacked by the MILF on August 18,
2008 which resulted to the hostage and death of civilians, burning of houses and public
facilities. This study describes the experiences of Muslims and Christians living in the three
barangays of the municipality during and after the said incident. It also examines the
economic, peace and order condition, Muslim-Christian relations and their present status of
recovery. The researchers found out that the thriving economic activities in Kolambugan
before the conflict are now diminished with the decline in the income of business
establishments and absence of additional business investors in the area. The relatively
peaceful situation of the community prior to the siege is now replaced with security threats,
incidence of vendetta in the hinterland communities and kidnapping. The friendly
30
coexistence of Muslims and Christians before the conflict is now muddled with suspicion and
social distance especially in Barangay Pantar which experienced so much social and
psychological damages after the incident. At present, the communities are into the painful
process of psychosocial and economic recovery and security threats still remain problematic.
PANEL 2D| 7 OCTOBER | 15:00-16:45| BOARD ROOM D, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA (B) SOCIAL MEDIA AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL WORLDS
Moderator: Jade Harley C. Bretaña, Bukidnon State University
The Rise of Cyber Cronies
Frederick Iguban Rey, University of Santo Tomas
Internet campaigning takes into account technological revolution as the most recent trend
in influencing the individual in the creation of political dialogues. In the past, media was
exclusive to professional practitioners, but with computer technology, scientists assert that the
production and reception of images, ideologies and realities have become universally
accessible and wildly dislocated. The capacity of this technology to compress space and
breach social barriers created a new generation of political cronies and a new battlefield for
parties and politicians. Politicians started to view cyberspace as a new political landscape
where issues, critiques, ideologies and allegiances can be communicated. This new
technology gave birth to what the researcher calls “the rise of cyber cronies” in the
blogosphere.
Social Media in Iligan City: Narratives on Local and National Issues
Karlai Tabimina, Grace Reble, Myrma Jean A. Mendoza and Jay Rey G. Alovera, Mindanao
State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
The high use of technology, internet, social media, and social networks have led to numerous
sensationalized issues and has become a trend that affected the population not only nationwide but also on an international scale. This has encouraged the researchers to conduct a
study on how social media is utilized in posting issues at the local and national levels.
The study was conducted in Iligan City with its two vibrant FB groups which are to foci of this
study. The data gathered for this paper were taken from two local politicized Facebook
groups, the City of Waterfalls-Iligan City and the Iligan Pulse - News & Updates. With the
approval of the administrators of these two groups, the researchers were given permission to
take data from these groups and, using an online analytics tool, generated analytical data
for the period May 10-July 26, 2016 from the groups indicated.
Initial findings of this on-going study showed that there are differences in the top posts. For the
City of Waterfall-Iligan City Facebook group, the top posts are more of national interests such
as on curfew, Inday Sara, the first Family of Duterte while for the Iligan Pulse - News & Updates,
the top posts were more on the local issues on a car napper, detained mayor-elect Regencia,
and Monsignor Vera Cruz vice-mayor elect. The comments made by the subscribers imply a
form of interaction which ranges from being friendly to hostile.
Web of Credibility: Social media sites as a source of information on Philippines’ presidential
elections in 2016
Louie Benedict Ignacio, Jyles Vianne Mondejar and Martin Joseph Tuaño, Colegio de San
Juan de Letran – Manila
Over the past years, social media is considered as new media while it is also considered now
as a main source of information particularly Facebook. Social media has become a way for
the public to be informed about the candidates for local and national elections. Facebook
has been projected as a tool which affects the process of election and the political
31
participation of the public. Thus, since it is still relatively young, many argue that any effect
that social media can have on civic engagement cannot be determined yet. This study
discusses how social media is being used as a campaign tool that could affect the decision
of the public regarding on whom to or not to vote. This study examines the perceived
credibility of Facebook as sources of current events and information particularly on political
participation. This study sought to determine the credibility of social media specifically
Facebook as it influence the thinking of the people about politics and bestowing political
information as well. This study will focus in the phase of credibility of Facebook in disseminating
information as media was claimed to be powerful in influencing such audience especially in
the era of election wherein the people need to be well-informed and decisive. This will show
the relevance of social media in this kind of process and how it will contribute to the upcoming
elections consequently, choosing the right candidate to be in the position.
Neo-Filipino: The Impact of Technology on the Cultural Identity of Selected Filipino Third
Culture Kids (TCKs)
Erika Mae L. Valencia and Mark Anthony D. Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
Filipino Third Culture Kids (Fil-TCKs) are children who experienced a cross-cultural upbringing –
being raised and lived outside the Philippine culture. As a result, Fil-TCKs have a unique way
of forming their identity that brought pride and confusion. It is also interesting to note that the
youth such as TCKs are among the first to grow up with the popularizing use of technology.
Hence, this phenomenological study explores: (1) the kind of cultural identity Fil-TCKs have
and their concept of Filipino national identity; and (2) the socio-cultural impact of the internet
and mobile technology on their cultural identity and their self-identification as a Filipino
national. This research uses the theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, namely the habitus,
the field, and the habitus cleft to analyze the relationship of technology and TCK cultural
identity. This paper argues that the internet and mobile technology have an impact on the
shaping of their multicultural identity by accommodating both culture of home and host
country; as well as their perception of their Filipino national identity by creating a sense of deterritorialized national identity.
Duterte: An Imagined Democracy?
Delfo Canceran, University of Santo Tomas
“Democracy to come” is Jacques Derrida’s political expression because the democracy that
we have now remains inadequate due to its flaws as people confront new situations in history.
Thus we have the gap between democracy as we have it and democracy as demanded by
the situation. The victory of Mayor Duterte is seen as a hope of people that change is coming.
There is always the tension between the past and the future in democratic discourse. Our past
history tells us of a danger in dictatorship as we are always haunted by the horror of martial
law. However, the future event remains a vision supposedly to rectify the errors of the past.
Imagination works in between the past and the future since it tries to link them. In this imaginary
domain, we need to struggle as we try to stretch the limits of our imagination and look beyond
our horizon. Thus, our present imagination is partly past and partly future. The election of
President Duterte in the scene of national politics with the triad campaign on drug, crime and
corruption targets the present evils of society because they are happening in their midst.
However, will that campaign extend to the future of democracy where the majority of our
people are desperate in their struggle for social justice and economic liberation from poverty?
Will Duterte carry them to that future? To put it in another way, does democracy demand
tough leadership to guide the future direction of our freedom?
PANEL 2E | 7 OCTOBER |15:00-16:45| BOARD ROOM E, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
THE FILIPINO YOUTH: HOPE AND ANXIETIES
Moderator: Clarence Batan, University of Santo Tomas
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Passivism: Revisiting Youth Docility in Mindanao State University, Marawi City
Maylanie Sani-Boloto, Jahara S. Sacar, Jabar U. Carim, Charlyn Grace S. Laborada,
Mindanao State University-Marawi
A decade ago, a research on the participation of student activism was conducted in
Mindanao State University, Marawi City. Using survey method, findings show that there was a
low participation in student activism in the said campus. Psychological, socio-economic,
religious, and security factors restrain students from engaging themselves into activism and
rather prefer to suppress their sentiments on national and local issues. After 15 years, the
aforementioned factors affecting passivism is further explored employing qualitative method.
Its main objectives are: (1) to find out the nuances of student activism in MSU campus, whether
it is passive rather than active as inferred decade ago (2) to find out whether the factors
affecting passivism (or activism as the case may be) at MSU (3) and to probe on the level of
awareness by students of their responsibilities in pursuing their rights towards the improvement
of the said institution. Nonetheless, the current context of student engagement in social and
political issues, both national and local, in MSU will redefine and shed light on the different
shades of passivism and activism.
Reimagining sources of strain and their consequences on delinquency: Transforming youthrelated knowledge for educational reforms
Jerome A. Serrano, Ateneo de Davao University
The study tested Agnew’s model of General Strain Theory (GST) which posits that the
experience of strain produces negative affective states of anger and depression, which in
turn, creates pressure for corrective action in the form of delinquency. Although tested
extensively in highly developed countries, current efforts to test the applicability of such model
in developing societies like the Philippines offer new insights and directions to theory-building
particularly when its operation is problematized across cultural contexts. Sampling 1,322
Filipino adolescents from 18 public secondary schools in Davao City, self-report data on
various measures of strains, negative affective states and delinquency were generated using
survey and key informant interviews. The study finds that the experience of strain and
delinquency is very minimal among the sampled respondents contrary to media
representations of youths as misdirected, socially troublesome and bursting with negative
emotionality. When analyzed by gender, females surprisingly showed higher levels of anger
although this negative emotion is often not translated to delinquent coping. Overall, results
reveal that among strain measures, only peer strain is linked to delinquency through the
mediation of anger suggesting the sensitivity of Filipino juveniles to personal affront as well as
their receptiveness against shame or humiliation by friends. The study also suggests the
inclination of Filipino adolescents for greater tolerance and acceptance of life strains which
insulate them from delinquent tendencies. These findings imply new ways of thinking about
the Filipino youths and their implications for reforms in educational curriculum are discussed.
Difficulties of College Students in Volunteering in Organizational and Community
Involvement
Albert T. Guinguino Jr, Jodelmar S. Urbano, Arvin D. Valera, Christine T. Reyes, Vernadette
Camille D. Rodriguez, Nellie M. Taguling and Jennifer D. Tuguinayo, Saint Louis University
The purpose of this research study is to determine the difficulties of College students in
Volunteering in Organization and Community Involvement. This is a descriptive qualitative
approach using a combination of narrative design and phenomenology. Any findings
gathered shall be understood and accepted in “moderatum generalization” and as a
collective description (De Guzman, 2013).The research will narrate the life of experiences of
five college students in volunteering and how experiences unfold overtime. The answers of
respondents will be analyzed in detailed to determine which of the responses answer the
research problem. The results show that organizational activities, church activities, school
officer-ship, subject requirements, community organization, and international organization are
33
the areas in which students learned to volunteer. Thus, the implication of the study is that
schools are responsible in reinforcing volunteerism must integrate the above organizations and
their activities as content and strategies in teaching and organizations must also reinforce
instruction or classroom learning while students are volunteering in the organizations.
An In-Depth Study on the Effect of Bonded University Towards Imbued Learning (BUTIL)
Scholarship Program as a Deterrent for Child Labor to its Recipients Lambakin, Bulacan and
Sitio Galilee, Antipolo
Mary Coleen Anne P. Nicolas and Mark Anthony Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
This paper investigates the effect of Bonded University Towards Imbued Learning (BUTIL)
Scholarship Program as a deterrent for child labor to its recipients in Sitio Galilee, San Jose,
Antipolo and Lambakin, Marilao, Bulacan. Moreover, this paper focuses on (1) what the BUTIL
Scholarship Program is, (2) the views of the BUTIL scholars regarding education, (3) the gains
of the beneficiaries in the BUTIL Scholarship Program, and (4) the scholars’ perspectives and
experiences of child labor. This study utilizes sequential mixed methods employing case study
through focus group discussions and survey as a means of gathering and analyzing data from
thirty eight (38) purposively selected youth scholars of the BUTIL Scholarship Program. This
paper argues that the BUTIL Scholarship Program, as the catalyst of change, can prevent
underprivileged youth in entering any form of child labor through its financial assistance and
at the same time, develops their holistic growth through its different programs and activities.
Thus, the significance of this study is to assess how the Bonded University Towards Imbued
Learning (BUTIL) Scholarship Program deters its recipients to engage in any form of child labor.
It also purports to establish how education, through the BUTIL Scholarship Program, lead to
social transformation of concerned beneficiaries. Moreover, this study can also be utilized to
further improve the BUTIL Scholarship Program that will be beneficial to the scholars in the
succeeding academic years.
PANEL 3A | 8 OCTOBER | 10:15-12:00 | FINSTER BOARDROOM, ROOM F700, 7TH FLOOR, FINSTER
HALL
REFRAMING THE DISCOURSE ON FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT OF FILIPINOS
Moderator: Nimfa Bracamonte, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology
Over 20 million Filipinos have pursued legal employment in foreign labor markets since the
formal start of Philippine overseas employment program in 1974. The program’s impact has
been pervasive in many areas. Institutionally, there are a greater number of legislation,
policies and rules and offices to govern the phenomenon; culturally, the desire and aspirations
for living abroad has been consistently important for many communities, especially those with
significant numbers of Filipino overseas foreign workers. There are however indications of a
changing profile of overseas workers – the declining share of households with overseas
workers; the dampening of the young’s aspirations for foreign jobs; the prospects of the freer
movement of professionals and skilled workers in Southeast Asia as part of regional integration.
The panel will consider the implications of these changes and the necessary reforms in policies,
programs and services needed for Filipinos joining the international labor market.
Times are a-changing: Filipinos in Foreign Labour Markets
Ma. Alcestis Mangahas, Social Weather Stations
For over forty years, international work opportunities for Filipinos have consistently expanded
yearly, reaching in 2015, and a total number of 1.5 million OFWs. In this period of time, the
profile of the overseas Filipino workers has also effectively shifted, with a maturing of the labor
force, an increased proportion of rehired workers to the number of the newly hired, a more
balanced ratio of female and male workers. Among various government and private sector
surveys, there are also indications of a tapering of overseas employment numbers, with a
steadying of the percentage of households having overseas workers to a consistent 10% of
the Philippine population.
34
The paper provides the overall framework for the panel, offering the view that as the profile
and possibly motivations of overseas employment change, it is important to reexamine the
40-year-old program’s overall policy directions, the nature of programs and services to better
protect and serve overseas labour migrants and their families. The paper highlights
imperatives to directly address more effective reintegration and resettlement of OFWs along
with alternative measurers to facilitate better integration and recognition of the contribution
of the Filipino diaspora to their new home communities.
Responsible Recruitment: An Impossible Dream?
Roberto Larga, Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
In 1974, the national government called for the phase-out and eventual elimination of private
recruitment agencies in the employment of Filipinos in international labor markets in the wake
of widespread concern over fraudulent documentation and excessive fees and charges.
Increased overseas demands for Filipino overseas workers reversed government policy,
leading to an eventual expansion of the sector and their contribution in facilitating foreign
employment. Given the long-term decline in overseas employment prospects however, it is
necessary to review the role of the private recruitment agencies, the relevance and
effectiveness of government efforts to regulate the sector. These efforts have not been
sufficiently successful, with continuing cases of fraud and excessive charges of fees. There are
a number of factors explaining the persistence of problems, among which, the unrealistic and
unenforceable standards of wages and working conditions and the corruption of government
officers and private sector counterparts.
The paper explores the options for government policy in regulating foreign employment
services, including the emergent demand for more government-to-government transactions
required by several countries of destination. It also examines the effectiveness of controlling
recruitment fees by various agents and whether regulatory measures have, in effect, further
contributed to the price inflation in this sector.
Preparing for Return and Resettlement: Insights from Non-Government Financial Literacy
Programs for Migrants in Europe
Cristina Liamzon, Ateneo de Manila University
With the temporary contractual nature of most foreign employment of Filipinos, the
inevitability of return is a foregone conclusion. Yet, government programs for the socioeconomic reintegration of returning migrant workers are only recently installed and remain
narrowly focused.
The paper dwells on the insights and findings of the private sector initiative to strengthen the
financial literacy of migrant workers and their families as preparation for their return to the
home country. The paper provides a mapping of the different types of return and
resettlement of overseas foreign workers. It clarifies (mis)conceptions on the desire and
aspiration of overseas foreign workers in Europe as they prepare for their return to the home
country. The authors identify key challenges in preparing for their return, including family
dependency, the inadequacy of the home economic environment in welcoming micro and
small enterprises, and the mismatch of skills and training of overseas workers to the demands
of the local markets. The paper also argues for special reintegration services for migrants
returning from conflict, displacements, deportations and other forms of distress situations. The
authors offer recommendations that span increasing financial literacy, disseminating to-thepoint information on concrete investment schemes, technical training and mentorship among
others as ways to facilitate the effective reintegration for the migrant workers and their families.
Social Protection for Overseas Foreign Workers and Their Families: Possibilities and Limitations
Ellene Sana, Center for Migrant Advocacy
35
Comprehensive social protection remains a pipe dream for many migrant workers and their
families. The core challenge lies in the complex variety of security and insurance schemes
existing in countries of destination and the contentious difficulties to ensure the portability of
rights. Given the “aging” character of overseas employment, at no other time has it be more
important that OFWs earn social security benefits during their work experience to avoid a
deprived retirement age.
The paper dwells on designing a system of social protection for overseas foreign workers and
their families. It reviews different experiments conducted in several countries and their
applicability to the Philippine context. It cites the major difficulties of enrolling in a social
protection program, especially for low skilled migrant workers.
The paper also develops recommendations on measures for the progressive application of
social security for migrant workers and their families. It asks for conducting a national study to
assess protection gaps of existing social security systems and agreements for migrant workers.
It asks that migrant workers and their associations to be involved in the social protection of
migrant workers and their family members abroad.
PANEL 3B | 8 OCTOBER | 10:15-12:00 | MEDIA ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL, COMMUNITY
CENTER BUILDING
FRONTIERS IN THE STUDY OF SOCIAL DEVIANCE
Moderator: Septrin John Calamba, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology
Rights of the Convicted: Civil Society Interaction and State Approaches in a Philippine Prison
Hannah Glimpse Nario-Lopez, University of the Philippines Diliman
The New Bilibid Prison (NBP) in Muntinlupa City is the main penitentiary facility that houses the
country’s largest prison population. The ten-hectare land was originally designed to house
three thousand inmates. In 2012, there are about 13,000 inmates housed in the closed spaces
of maximum-security compound. This number spiked up to 22,000 in 2013 and 2014, 23,000 in
2015, 36,000 on April of 2016, and blew up to 41,207 in August 2016. Now problems caused by
over-population are more pressing than ever and questions on human rights are even more
unrelenting. Using qualitative methods of focus group and personal interviews, the study
elaborates on (a) the inmates’ perceptions on their human and citizenship rights as
incarcerated individuals; (b) the ways in which the incarcerated participate in civil society;
and (c) how civil society acts as a medium for the incarcerated to communicate and
negotiate their needs to the state.
Civil Society in Prison: Resocialization of Inmates
Kristine Gail C. Lobo, Lyceum of the Philippines University
The research explored existing civil society and re-socialization process in preparation of
inmates for re-integration to society in the New Bilibid Prison. The specific research objectives
are to (1) know the purpose of civil society inside the prison, (2) know how civil society build
the inmate’s sense of who they are as an individual and a group and (3) determine the
relationship of correctional education’s resocialization strategy and civil society in prison. The
researcher used qualitative and quantitative social techniques. One hundred fifty inmates
(150) were surveyed and six (6) purposively selected inmates who are members of certain
groups for in-depth interview. Results indicate that civil society flourishes and exists in the prison.
Civil societies inside the prison formulate effort for leadership, self-development, redeeming
oneself and building sense of self. Civil society has become an enforcement of peace and
order. Thus, Civil society exists in the social cleavages of society even in prison where people
expect the breeding ground of chaos and violence.
36
Redefining the Role of the Inmate-Gang Members: A Narrative Inquiry of their Life
Experiences in Minimum Security Camp, New Bilibid Prison
Frederick Ray V. Sapitan and John Christian C. Valeroso, University of Santo Tomas
This two-pronged study provides a new perspective of the inmates and gang members, and
how their experiences transform them individually. It focuses on the two aspects of prison
gangs, namely 1) gang membership and the recruitment process, and 2) group norms.
Capitalizing on the unique power of life story approach, this paper sheds light on how prison
gangs in Philippines were reconstructed both as an organization and social phenomenon.
Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with a select group of inmates and gang
members. Field texts were subjected through vertical and horizontal analyses to identify
reoccurring themes and patterns. The condensed meaning unit and themes were subjected
to member-checking procedures to ensure data trustworthiness.
Findings of the first segment of this paper yielded interesting conceptualization of the inmates
and gang members, characterized with values and social transformation (Paradigm of
Change). These kinds of changes that took place in their lives are valuable inputs in explaining
relationships among members of the prison community that which contributes to the
continued existence, and to some extent the proliferation of prison gangs.
Proliferation of the Sukarap in General Santos City
Jay Lupe G. Alqueza, Czarina Grace B. Del Valle, Jay Rey G. Alovera, Mindanao State
University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Sukarap is a generic label that authorities use to refer to gangs that engage in riots General
Santos City. The term, originating in Davao City (Sugal/Gambling, Kawat/Theft, Rape), spread
through the different areas in Mindanao among youth groups and gangs. In GenSan, the
term evolved from its predecessor, the “Batang Tun-og” (Children of the Dawn; street children)
alluding to the youth usually found roaming the streets in the wee hours of dawn. There are
currently thirty identified groups and gangs that the authorities collectively refer to as sukarap.
Currently, sukarap has evolved into different meanings (and symbols) as reckoned by different
sectors. This study probes the dynamics of gang life as children identify and pledge loyalty
with their groups and immerse themselves in their activities. The paper sketches the lives of
the gang members as they battle with other groups over territorial claims, the sexual initiations,
the engagement with drugs and alcohol, the YouTube dance frills and other activities that
shape their sense of belongingness. Sukarap is also a Binisaya term that means “to stagger” –
a reflection of the state of the youth gangs in the city.
PANEL 3C | 8 OCTOBER | 10:15-12:00 | THE TRAINING ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION (A): AUTHOR MEETS CRITICS BEING CATHOLIC IN CONTEMPORARY
PHILIPPINES: YOUNG PEOPLE REINTERPRETING RELIGION
Moderator: Manuel Sapitula, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Speaker: Jayeel Cornelio
Critics: Manuel Sapitula, Enrique Oracion, Jerome Serrano
In this session, Dr Cornelio, a sociologist of religion, will discuss his first monograph, recently
published by Routledge under the Religion in Contemporary Asia Series. Discussants, experts
in the field of youth and religion, will offer their insights and questions on the arguments raised
by the author.
This book, based on extensive original research, examines the nature of Catholicism in the
contemporary Philippines. It shows how Catholicism is apparently flourishing, with good
37
attendance at Sunday Masses, impressive religious processions and flourishing charismatic
groups, and with interventions by the Catholic hierarchy in national and local politics.
However, focusing in particular on the beliefs and practices of young people, the book shows
that young people are often adopting a different, more individualized approach to
Catholicism. It considers the features of this: a more personal and experiential relationship with
God; a new approach to morality, in which right living is seen as more important than right
believing; and a critical view of what is seen as the Catholic hierarchy's misguidedness. The
book argues that this reinterpreting of religion by young people has the potential to alter
fundamentally the nature of Catholicism in the Philippines, but that, nevertheless, young
people's new approach involves a solid, enduring commitment and a strong view of their own
Catholic, religious identity.
PANEL 3D| 8 OCTOBER | 10:15-12:00 | BOARD ROOM D, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
INDIGENOUS STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY (A): INDIGENOUS STRUGGLES IN CULTURE AND POLITICS
Moderator: Maria Cecilia M. Ferolin, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology
The Binanog: Cultural Resistance and Adaptation Depicted in a Traditional Manobo
Pulanguinon Dance
Bryan Lee D. Celeste, Central Mindanao University
Symbolically, the Binanog dance encapsulates the identity and unity of the Manobo
Pulanguinon as an indigenous group. In addition, this dance helps generate solidarity and
harmony among the members of the Manobo Pulanguinon community which can be
observed during their social gathering activities. Similarly, cultural activities like festivals serve
as an avenue for the promotion and proliferation of their traditional dances. But the
emergence of globalization has affected the elements of this dance. To some degree, their
Binanog dance becomes susceptible to certain forms of modifications caused mainly by
changes in technology and in the local economy where these people live. Thus, this study was
conducted to explore the cultural resistance and adaptation of the Manobo Pulanguinon of
Quezon, Bukidnon as articulated in the Binanog dance in terms of its content and form, attire,
accessories and props, purpose or functions, and symbolic rendition. But an important
question may be asked at this point in the discussion: Are their traditional dances totally
susceptible to the transformative character of technology and economic changes in our
society?
Politics of Identity, Representation and Belongingness: A Critical Discourse on the Lumad
Killings in Mindanao
Dennis B. Coronel, Ateneo de Davao University
The essentialist conception of collective identity has traditionally been framed by sociopolitical and territorial demarcations. Consequently, such framing leads to discourses on the
politics of representation utilizing “voice” vis-a-vis the Weberian notion of power, which
considers the impact of power upon those being wielded upon. The case of the killing of
Lumad people in Mindanao presents a more complex scenario whereby peoples’ experience
of displacement, violence and marginalization demands a more nuanced and relevant
discourse on the issue of representation and belongingness.
This paper argues for a dialogical construction and re-framing of the Lumad identity by
critically examining the symbolically mediated relations of power and violence between the
State and the Lumad communities. Utilizing the Foucauldian analytics of power, this paper
aims to make sense of the senseless killings and to see this issue as a crucial point to critically
reflect on the dynamics of power, violence, and social justice.
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Traditional and Legal Leaderships in an IP Community in Southern Philippines: The Case of
Subanen in Barangay, Dalingap, Clarin, Misamis Occidental
Dennis Kwong, Allan Fernandez, Roland Lagarbe, Jay Rey Alovera and Myrma Jean A.
Mendoza, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
It is interesting to find out how modern democratic structures and processes has impinged into
the traditional polity of an indigenous group in Mindanao, the Subanen. Considered as the
largest indigenous people in Mindanao, the Subanens are spread in the Zamboanga
Peninsula and Misamis Occidental. This paper is an on-going case study on the co-existence
of the Subanen traditional political structure and the democratic form of government among
the Subanens in Barangay, Dalingap, Clarin, Misamis Occidental. The researchers gather data
in a remote barrio in the municipality of Clarin in the province of Misamis Occidental,
accessible through motorcycles. Using key informant interviewing, the study hopes to unravel
the convergence and divergence of the two types of leadership co-existing in this Subanen
dominated rural community.
The study compares the traditional leadership of the timuay in a Subanen community to that
of an elected/appointed barangay Subanen official. Adapting the Weberian theory of
leadership or authority with some modifications, the study uses the timuay leadership for the
traditional form of authority while the elected/appointed Subanen barangay official for the
legal/rational form of leadership. The findings of this study hope to shed light on how a
traditional society grapples with changes and preserve some customary practices. The study
recommends that a similar study be conducted in other indigenous peoples in Mindanao.
Folk Healing Practices, Community Health and Curative Resorts in Siquijor Island in the 21st
Century
Josel B. Mansueto, Siquijor State College
An ethno pharmacological study of the Siquijor Island includes documentation on the
indigenous local healing practices and ethnopharmacological knowledge of the
communities. The study on the health-seeking behaviors, cultural conceptions on health,
illness, curative resorts and efficacy of curative resorts was also included in the study. There
are eight healers who served as the main source of information on herbal plants while the
community validated and shared their practices. Data gathering was done through walkthrough activities, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, survey, participantobservation, community-education workshop, community validation and consent.
When ill, or suffering from health-related problems, people primarily address it by themselves
using their local knowledge in primary care, then referring to local healers and finally, with
medical practitioners. If the third resort has not cured them, the people return to the local
healer to simultaneously resort to folk healers and doctors. Some culture-specific definitions
or conceptions of people in the area are reinforced and given validity by modern researches,
especially health definitions; some are undergoing partial changes, especially illness
definitions; and some are being adopted side by side with modern science definitions or
conceptions, especially those on the relevance and efficacy of curative resorts.
PANEL 3E| 8 OCTOBER | 10:15-12:00 | BOARD ROOM E, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SEXUALITY
Moderator: John Andrew G. Evangelista, University of the Philippines Diliman
Usaping HIV at Sex: Paglalarawan at Pagsusuri sa Pananaw at Gawi ng mga Mag-aaral sa
Kolehiyo
Michael Eduard L. Labayandoy, Lyceum of the Philippines University-Laguna
39
Noong 2008 ay isa lamang kada araw ang naitalang bagong kaso ng HIV (DOH).
Nakababahala ang patuloy nitong pagtaas. Pumalo na sa 22 ang bagong kaso ng HIV kada
araw para sa taong 2015. Ang pananaliksik na ito ay tugon sa lumalalang kalagayan ng HIV
sa bansa. Sa partikular, layunin na mailarawan at masuri ang pananaw at gawi ng mga magaaral sa kolehiyo matapos talakayin sa klase ang mga paksang sex, STIs, at HIV/AIDS.
Pagkatapos makalap ang datos gamit ang questionnaire, isinagawa ang tekstwal na
pagsusuri ng mga sagot mula sa kabuuang 41 mga kalahok. Natagpuan na komportable
ang mga kalahok sa usaping sex, STIs, at HIV/AIDS. Napaigting pa ang kanilang pagiging
bukas matapos talakayin sa kalse ang mga nabanggit na usapin. Kinikilala ng mga kalahok
na mahalaga ang pag-aaral ng mga nabanggit na paksa dahil naniniwala sila na ang mga
kabataan, lalo pa ang mga nasa kolehiyo, ay mapupusok. Dominanteng tema ang pagiingat, sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng condom, upang mapigilan ang pagkakaroon ng
HIV. Sumunod dito ang pagpapaliban ng pakikipagtalik habang pangatlo ang pagiging
tapat sa karelasyon.
Street Harassment: A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Selected Women,
Lesbian and Gay Men
Anjellyn T. Cruz and Mark Anthony D. Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
Street harassment is an everyday occurrence in many countries all over the world where subtle
issues on gender power relations, violence, and social injustice takes place. In the Philippines,
this phenomenon, although commonplace, is seemingly understudied. Thus, this research
purports to explore the experiences of street harassment among selected women, lesbian
and gay men, specifically (1) the forms of street harassment they experience; (2) their
strategies in dealing with it, and (3) its consequences in their lives. This research argues that
the almost ubiquitous occurrence of street harassment in the country is a form of genderedbased violence that is targeted against people who exude feminine qualities. The study also
argues that the streets in the Philippines is a public space where traditional men exercise their
oppressive masculinity and often get away with it. This proves that the Philippines is still far from
being gender biased free in spite of being ranked 7th out of 145 countries in the 2015 Global
Gender Gap Report. The study makes use of phenomenology as a research design and
gathers data by conducting in-depth interviews of 20 purposively selected respondents who
have experienced street harassment in their lives. Using socialist feminism, this research
presents how society affects the daily struggles of women, lesbian and gay men on street
harassment. Also, this paper provides a deeper understanding on street harassment in the
Philippines so that it can serve as a basis to promote awareness and craft policy
recommendations to address the phenomenon.
Deconstructing Social Alienation: Meanings of the Life Experiences and Partnership of
Recovery through Practices of Restorative Justice for the Sexually Abused Women and
Children in the province of Cavite, Philippines.
Marina D. Gamo, De La Salle University, City of Dasmariñas
Leanne Kym Jane Lozanes, University of the Philippines Diliman
One of the most sensitive and socially neglected area nowadays is the situation of the sexually
abused women and their lives before and after an experience of sexual violence and sexual
assault. This paper is an attempt to analyze dimensions of engagements and disengagements,
processes of connections and disconnections, and discourses on attachments and
detachments that these women had undergone; thus, arguing that they experience both
social engagements and disengagements on specific life domains as they reconstruct their
lives and undergo a process of recovery. Using the Care System Model as a model of social
reintegration from social alienation for these women, the study utilizes the layering scheme in
problematizing concepts, such as social acceptance and social alienation, and in
understanding the meaning of meanings of their life experiences. In the end, the paper draws
insights on (a) how this study could become a tool in drawing a needs program for the sexually
abused women and children, (b) contribute to the paradigm of restorative justice practices,
40
and (c) further define the mutuality of obligations and responsibilities of multi-stakeholders in
the community.
Friends with Benefits (FUBU) Among College Student Practitioners in Davao City
Saidamin P. Bagolong, Winston S. Miraflor, Cindy Nette A. Saim and Katherine Solana,
University of Mindanao
This presentation examines the practice of casual sex among friends, colloquially called as
“FUBU.” Through a descriptive case study among students in Davao City, findings reveal that
college students engage in such practice for pleasure and entertainment. The main
influencers are their peers who engaged in similar practices. The presentation will also discuss
the respondents’ changed expectations about love, intimacy, lust, friendship and trust after
engaging in such practice.
Forms of Sexual Intimacy Among Selected Teenagers in Iligan City
Michael S. Abad, Sulpecia L. Ponce, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of
Technology
This study intends to examine the sexual behavior of 30 teenagers living in 3 selected
barangays in Iligan City. The objectives of the study are to describe the forms of sexual
intimacy (permissible and actual experiences) of the respondents during acquaintance and
dating stages, factors responsible for their sexual behavior and health issues/risks they
encountered. The findings indicate that the
respondents are conservative during
acquaintance stage but become permissive when they are already steadies where they
allowed intimate sexual experiences to happen. Moreover, males have the proclivity to take
sexual advances even during acquaintance period. The study also found out some critical
factors that account for their sexual behavior, namely: influence of mass media and
technology, socio-economic factor, and influence of friends. Furthermore, since the
respondents predominantly use unprotected sex, they faced issues like contracting sexually
transmitted disease, early pregnancy and abortion which have serious health implications.
PANEL 4A | 8 OCTOBER | 14:00-15:45| FINSTER BOARDROOM, ROOM F700, 7TH FLOOR, FINSTER
HALL
COMMUNITIES IN CONFLICT
Moderator: Kristine Gail C. Lobo, Lyceum of the Philippines University
Contestation, Cautious Engagement and Reorienting Power Relations: Urban Informal settler
struggles for housing and land rights in “inclusive policy making”
Mary Racelis, Ateneo de Manila University
Recognizing the need for an inclusive process to address the lack of adequate shelter for
thousands of informal settlers in Metro Manila, the Aquino government and the Congress of
the Philippines initiated alternative solutions. President B.S. Aquino IV earmarked a P50 billion
fund to rehouse some 200,000 estero dwellers in the wake of Tropical Storm Ondoy, while the
Housing Chairs in Congress initiated the National Housing and Urban Development Summit to
identify institutional constraints and policy directions toward onsite upgrading and/or in-city
resettlement. The presidential and Congressional initiatives got underway, even as massive
evictions and relocation of urban informal settlers to distant, ill-prepared off-city sites
continued. The paper examines contested understandings of solutions between National
Government Agencies and People’s Organizations/partner NGOs. Contentious negotiations
between the POs and Government ultimately led to breakthroughs which, however, had to
be actively monitored by PO/NGO watchers. The Summit discussion also brought out the
heretofore unrecognized conflicting mandates and regulations that blocked the relevant
government agencies from implementing effective social housing. The outcomes, partly seen
in a Unity Statement and the Draft Final Report of the NHUD Summit, illustrate the dynamic
41
processes entailed for organized urban poor groups to reorient power relations and sustain
their own positions of power.
Community Organizing: Transforming Lives in a Relocated Community in Iligan City
Septrin John Calamba, Maria Cecilia M. Ferolin and Jonaim Dipatuan, Mindanao State
University – Iligan Institute of Technology
A community-based people’s organization able to make relative improvements to the lives of
its members living from a previously informal settlement to a formal relocation in Iligan City.
Using a case study research design, this paper explores the process of community organizing
and the strategic factors of empowerment which the community underwent. It also assesses
the positive impacts to its members’ housing and socio-economic conditions, community
participation, basic social services, challenges and coping strategies.
Key informant interviews with the community organizers, government officials, community
leaders and members were conducted in different sessions. Through the thematic analysis
approach, the respondents underwent activities and processes of community organizing
participated by different stakeholders to empower the members towards community
development. Community organizing and empowerment processes enabled the informal
settlers to live to a formal settlement and continues to work towards empowering and
developing community. The community has transformed their housing conditions which
essentially affect the residents’ security and the capacity to improve more their socioeconomic conditions and strengthen the community through sustained community
involvement and participation, and collectively work for more efficient social and
infrastructure services. The results of the study validate the effective role of community to
organizing to empower communities. Challenges during the process and in the resettlement
even strengthened the members to build a developed community and look forward to a
better future.
Pag-unawa sa Pang-unawang Inuunawa: Nagkakaiba at Nagtutunggalian Kalagayan ng
Akademiko at Aktibista
John Andrew Evangelista, University of the Philippines Diliman
Gamit ang kasaysayang pasalita, nailitaw ng aking pananaliksik ukol sa Martsang Pride ang
iba’t-ibang uri ng tunggalian sa loob ng kilusang LGBT. Kasabay ng mga nagsasalpukang
naratibo, mayroong tatlong tunggalian akong kinaharap sa proyektong ito- metodohikal,
etikal at posisyunal. Ang una ay nakapaloob sa nagtutunggaling salaysay mula sa aking mga
kalahok at kung paano metodolohikal na lulutasin ang mga magkakaibang naratibo. Umiikot
ang ikalawa sa mga etikal na implikasyon ng pagbabahagi ng mga naratibong nagmumula
sa laylayan ng lipunan. Ang huling ay pagsasalaysay ng mga pagkakataong magpapakita
ng tunggalian sa pagitan ng aking mga pagsusuri at kritisismo ng ilang aktibista. Pinakikita ng
mga ito ang nagtutunggaling kalagayan ng akademiko at aktibista. Ang isyung nakapaloob
sa dito ay nakasentro sa kapangyarihang angkinin ang mga kaalamang nahahalaw ng isang
pananaliksik. Matatagpuan sa epistemolohikal na pundasyon ng kasaysayang pasalita ang
kalutasan sa tunggaliang ito. Isang uri ng panlipunang katarungan ang pagsasalaysay sa
mga ala-ala mula sa mga pinipi ng kasaysayan. Samakatuwid, ang tungkulin ng mananaliksik
ay bigyang katarungan ang mga salaysay na ito gaano man kahigpit ang kanilang
tunggalian sapamamagitan ng pantay na pagbibigay ng puwang para sa bawat naratibo.
Success of EDSA People Power II: Vantage Points of Collective Effervescence that Overthrew
a President
Marc Adrian Ignacio, University of Santo Tomas
In a modest attempt to frame the understanding of the unyielding people power that resulted
to the demise of the Estrada presidency in the Philippines, this paper explores the theoretical
correlation of Durkheim’s concept of collective effervescence in the EDSA People Power II.
42
Given that “people power has a special ring in the Philippines” because of the genuine spirit
of the people’s movement that brought down two Philippine presidents (Elliot, 2001), the
processes involved in these overthrows point to the same interaction rituals of Randall Collins
that erected barriers to outsiders and helped stimulate (and strengthen) the collective
effervescence in the organizations, groups, and Filipinos of all walks of life (Draper, 2014). Using
newspaper articles that espoused analyses of the resonating national outcry for Estrada’s
resignation as Philippine president because of his lack of moral ascendancy, information
shown that the collective effervescence in the EDSA People Power II, indeed, was a
resounding victory, yet it implicitly highlighted two varying vantage points – i.e., (1) the masses’
lack of confidence in Estrada because of the allegations that tainted his moral ascendancy
to continuously lead the nation (The Economist, 1999; Hagedorn, 2001; Mydans, 2001; Asa,
2008) and (2) the power elites’ agenda to unconstitutionally appoint Gloria MacapagalArroyo as his replacement because of her strong US-trained economics background that can
regain investors’ confidence in the country (Tan, 1999; Frank, 2000; Frank & Hookway, 2001).
But theoretically, this paper concludes that Durkheim’s concept of collective effervescence
may be a departure point for understanding contentious politics.
Resiliency in the Midst of Displacement: An Institutional Ethnography of the Rehabilitation
Efforts After the 2013 Zamboanga Crisis
Leslie A. Lopez and Nota F. Magno, Ateneo de Manila University
Internally displaced people (IDP) are not a new phenomenon in the Philippines with Mindanao
hosting the largest number of IDP in the country. In the aftermath of the 2013 siege of
Zamboanga City, the number of IDP peaked to almost 120,000. The resulting “humanitarian
crisis” necessitated the coming together of various international humanitarian organizations,
national and local government agencies, as well as, local civil society organizations, to rebuild
the City, and also, to assist the IDP reconstruct their disrupted lives. To look into the actualities
of the everyday worlds using the concerns and perspectives of individuals that are variously
located in these institutional processes (Smith 2005: 34), a variant of institutional ethnography
was used in the study. The results of the study indicated that the everyday activities and
practices of the major state and non-state actors, including the various IDP groups, provided
new opportunities for these actors to recalibrate their relations with one another. While the
state actors (government agencies both local and national) were primarily responsible for
major decisions made, during and after the crisis, the magnitude of the problem provided
spaces for other non-state actors to take a more central role in the emergency and
rehabilitation process. More importantly, the fluid relations within the evacuation centers and
transitory sites provided opportunities for the emergence of different forms of resiliency as
reflected in the everyday practices of IDP in their negotiations and re-negotiations with various
state and non-state actors.
PANEL 4B | 8 OCTOBER | 14:00-15:45| MEDIA ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL, COMMUNITY
CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER (A) THE POSSIBILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS OF EMPOWERMENT
Moderator: Michael Labayandoy, Lyceum of the Philippines University- Laguna
How Do Women Matter? An Examination of Women-Focused and Gender Sensitive
Legislation in the 16th Congress
Maria Corinna Priscilla D. Escartin, University of the Philippines Diliman
This exploratory study investigates whether more women elected in legislative positions leads
to better representation of women’s interests. In doing so, the study starts with a discussion
on gender-sensitive policies to show how far gender has become a tool for empowerment. It
then explores the composition of the Senate and the House of Representatives in the 16th
Congress and the bills they have filed. Based on the frequency count of legislations filed by
female members of the 16th Congress, this paper explores the idea of “women for women”
43
by delving in what ways women are expected to function in society. The paper concludes
by revising theoretical and practical debates on gender in the context of politics.
Gender Mainstreaming in the City Government of Davao
Lourdesita S. Chan, Ateneo de Davao University
The exploratory study aimed to understand the experience of gender mainstreaming in the
City government of Davao. It applied qualitative research methods and used the Web of
Institutionalization as the framework of analysis. Guided by the GAD policy framework, the
mainstreaming proceeded within the context of a democratic political order. The synergy of
power by champions and constituencies from the women’s movement, allied civil society
groups, and the government has succeeded in making the latter incorporate women’s
agenda as part of its own. The effort led to the passage of a relevant local ordinance,
provision of GAD budget, establishment of an office that oversees gender mainstreaming,
and a mechanism that assured GO-NGO stewardship of the process, among others. Crucial
influences for the delivery of government programs, projects, and activities reflecting gender
appropriation were noted. The political will of the City leadership, the operationalization
within, and the resoluteness of the women’s movement made the journey a promising case
in the local government setting. The pressure of political constituencies from within the City
government also fueled institutionalization. The prospect for sustaining the gender
mainstreaming hinges on the critical collaboration of both the City government and the
women's movement and the competence of the former in adopting necessary changes
leading to the realization of gender equality. It worked that the collaboration prevails in a
democratic setting where freedom of discourse and principled collaboration is recognized
and assured.
Oppression: Experiences of Maguindanaon Women in Davao City
Saidamin P. Bagolong, Samsia S. Sandukan, Revellin C. Alquizar, Melinda N. Rollen, The
University of Mindanao
This presentation aims to identify the problems Maguindanaon women encounter in their
domestic relationships, the forms of oppression they experience and their ways of coping.
Findings are based on a descriptive case study which used key informant interviews and
content analysis. Findings reveal various domestic issues Maguindanaon women face. They
experience different forms of abuses from their husbands. Their relationships with in-laws were
also tense due to financial problems. Their ways of coping include disclosing their problems to
their siblings, closest friends and neighbors. The presentation argues that oppression is
customarily experienced by Maguindanaon women despite the existing laws due to certain
practices of culture and tradition.
BarangGay: Understanding the Experiences of LGBT Barangay Officials in the Philippines
Melvin A. Jabar, Crisanto Q. Regadio, Jr. De La Salle University – Manila,
Renan M. Kasilag, De La Salle University – Lipa,
Zaldy Collado, Adamson University
Members of LGBT community are now becoming visible in government service. In fact, quite
a number of them hold positions in the local and national governments. This means that they
are already engaging in shaping public policies and programs. Their political visibility also
shapes public discourses on LGBT in the country. Given this development, it is therefore worthy
to examine the political participation experiences of LGBT elected officials and how their
experiences impact their identity expression, their relationships with others, and the public
views about LGBT.
Specifically, the objective of the paper is to highlight the experiences of LGBT barangay
officials in selected areas of Metro Manila and Lipa City, Batangas. The study, which this paper
44
is based on, explores the involvement of LGBT individuals in barangay governance particularly
their roles and duties, the way they relate with their co-barangay officials and their
constituents, their attribution of their being able to engage in barangay governance, the
challenges and issues they encounter, and the spaces they create for their personal agenda,
and how their political participation has impacted their views about themselves and their
relationship with their families and constituents.
Theoretically, the paper aims to advance sociological understanding of gender discourse and
politics in the context of LGBT individuals in barangay politics. While this paper provides
narratives of the political experiences of LGBT officials, it likewise attempts to provide
discourses about inclusion of the LGBT community in politics and the challenges they space
as they navigate the heteronormative political spaces.
Engendering the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program's Core Operational Systems
Eva Natividad Mendoza, Central Mindanao University
Evaluation studies revealed positive outcomes of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCTs) in many
developing countries. In the area of gender, it has been assumed to provide opportunities for
women empowerment especially that they are considered as the primary grantees of the
program. However, certain limitations were also identified particularly, its “maternalist” model
and its corresponding implications have been interrogated. Hence, the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program takes some steps of “engendering” its various components. As this paper
demonstrates how gender is mainstreamed in the core operational systems of Pantawid, it
critically analyzes the program. Initially, a rapid assessment (RA) employing Focus Group
Discussions and Key Informant Interviews among selected systems’ personnel in two regions,
review of forms and module, and actual observation during Family Development Sessions
(FDS) were conducted. With the results of RA as basis, five series of learning sessions on gender
mainstreaming among selected Pantawid personnel from all the 17 regions in the country
have been conducted. Based from their workshops’ output, the participants spotted gender
issues in various steps in the business process of each core operational system, identified
gender indicators, and provided concrete recommendations for gender mainstreaming in
the system. These outputs were generated because the participants were able to embrace
the “gender lens,” which is the key to gender mainstreaming in any program. Thus, subjecting
the program (4Ps) into a deeper gender analysis, which is anchored on a more critical gender
perspective, ensures its more positive gender impact.
PANEL 4C | 8 OCTOBER | 14:00-15:45| THE TRAINING ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION (B): RELIGION IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE
Moderator: Jayeel Cornelio, Ateneo de Manila University
The Sacred in the Profane: The Case of Monsignor Vice-Mayor in Iligan CIty
Marlou Lewis Y. Claver, Erwin Yrrem J. Ubagan, Sean Patrick R. Male, Myrma Jean A.
Mendoza and Jay Rey G. Alovera, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
The separation of church and state in the Philippines, although clearly stated in the
Constitution, draws a thin line in reality. It is a common knowledge that the Catholic Church
has been a force to reckon with by the government especially on issues which elicit strong
reactions from the former’s leaders. The CBCP and certain Catholic leaders, for instance, are
very vocal in their stand on certain issues which run contrary to the church’s teachings. There
are religious leaders who endorse certain political candidates and a few even run for public
office in their quest for righteousness in the government.
How partisan politics in the church are viewed by the members is of interest to the researchers.
Specifically, this paper investigates the perceptions and reactions of some Roman Catholic
religious leaders as well as local parishioners in the church hierarchy in Iligan City on the newly
45
elected vice mayor of the city, Monsignor Vera Cruz, Vicar General of the diocese. Interview
method was used to gather data from selected church leaders while survey was conducted
to see the perceptions of selected parishioners.
Initial findings of this on-going study show that the religious leaders respected the decision of
Monsignor Vera Cruz to run for office although they constrain themselves to show their support
openly. The survey shows that majority of the parishioners are divided in their perceptions on
religious leaders being involved in politics.
Analysis of Practice for Co-existence of Sunni and Shia Groups in a Christian Setting
Jeron B. Velasco, Gene Rose T. Velasco, Sheila T. Uy, University of St. La Salle Bacolod
Describing the interaction of Sunni and Shia Muslims, their differences in economic, political,
cultural and religious aspects and their relationship with the pre-dominantly Christian
community was the focus of this study. Associated with in the varied Philosophical basis of
Constructionism, Interpretivism, Symbolic Interactionism and Social Conflict Theory comes the
comprehension of the situation among Muslims and Christians. Sunnis and Shi’ites are two
major sects of Islam divided in origin, doctrine, leadership, traditions and cultures. With the use
of interview and observation, the gestures, actions, words, expressions of the Muslims and
Christians will be highlighted to describe their co-existence in a community. Additional
information and knowledge through interviews and observations from community and
religious leaders with their everyday life and interaction gave the results more validity and
strength. This qualitative study about the Muslims of the City used focused ethnography to
depict their story and the results revealed that: (1) The Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims share
economic practices and ventures based from Quran with limited biases. (2) The sects differ
only in greetings but share unmistakable similarities with imitation of Christian cultures. (3)
Immense differences divide the Sunnis and Shi’ites religiously, in practice and ideology. (4)
Political situation is favourable to the secular but threat to the religious. Through access to
quality and free education, fruitful and relevant livelihood programs and establishment of
agency to address the needs of Muslims the local officials, Christians, Muslims, schools,
community and other stakeholders will ensure a peaceful and productive future of the
posterity.
The Role of Colonialism, Gambling, Religion, and Resistance in Shaping the Philippine Third
Sector
Alice B. Acejas, Asian Social Institute and University of Newcastle-Australia
This presentation examines the emergence of Philippine Third Sector (TS) from the social origins,
political economy, and social movement perspectives. ‘Third sector’, also labelled ‘social
economy’ refers to the intersection of the three poles or sectors said to comprise the
economy: the public/state, private/market and community/ household sectors. This
presentation attempts a re-reading of the evolution of Philippine TS from the Spanish
colonisation period up to the People Power Revolution in 1986 by synthesising these disparate
perspectives. It aims to capture the social, political, cultural and economic factors that led to
its emergence. It analyses the legal and regulatory framework that contributed to its shaping.
Among others, findings show that oppressed groups formed associations for mutual aid and
to stage revolutions; the US insular government and succeeding Philippine governments
countervailed their influence by leveraging state-organised and state-financed associations.
An analysis of the laws and court decisions under the US colonial government demonstrated
that these set the precedent for blurring the boundary between the public and private sectors
by chartering charities for the delivery of social welfare services. The US insular government
found financial expediency, too, in state-sponsored gambling (now called gaming) that was
subsequently institutionalised by the state to fund charitable associations. In parallel efforts
with radical groups and the state, the Philippine church organised co-operatives, moderate
farmers’ associations and trade unions, and research institutes. Churches also provided
46
protective mantle to political activists and Church-affiliated organisations that kept nationalist
sentiments and political resistance to the Marcos dictatorship alive.
PANEL 4D| 8 OCTOBER | 14:00-15:45| BOARD ROOM D, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
INDIGENOUS STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY (B): KNOWLEDGE AND POWER IN INDIGENOUS THOUGHT
Moderator: Samuel Cabbuag, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Higaonon's Local Knowledge to Nature and Weather in Barangay Rogongon, Iligan City
Cherilyn Y. Berdisula, Kara Nicole C. De Los Santos, Daize Mae U. Villamayor, Myrma Jean A.
Mendoza and Jay Rey G. Alovera, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
This paper, culled from the undergraduate thesis of the student researchers, is about local
knowledge on nature and seasonal changes among the Higaonon in Rogongon, Iligan City.
Rogongon, one of the 44 barangays in Iligan City is an upland community which is an
ancestral domain of the Higaunon tribe.
Key informant interview was used among selected elderly Higaunon. The Higaunon informants
claimed that their knowledge and practices pertaining to nature had been orally transmitted
them from their forefathers. One theme which emerged from the interview is the belief in
enkanto/diwata. These spirits/deities are believed to inhabit in big trees, caves, waterfalls, and
other. They also disclosed that these spirits/deities are there to guard nature and the people
living in the community. Thus it is very important for them not to offend these spirits/deities.
Higaunon make offering “mag-gakit” as a thanksgiving to the spirits/deities for a bounty
harvest. They also perform offering to ask help from the spirits/deities in times of sickness and
need.
Traditional Medicine among Boholanos: A Preliminary Inquiry into Cultural Preference
Bernabe M. Mijares, Jr., Bohol Island State University
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Philippine Government (through RA 8423)
qualify Traditional Medicine as cultural. Consequently, any option, choice or preference for it
is also cultural. This research investigated the Boholano preference for Traditional Medicine as
a preliminary inquiry into cultural preference. It is a descriptive study that surveyed 100
randomly chosen respondents from the municipalities and the city. Results revealed that a
plurality (22%) of the respondents belonged to 60 and above; still a plurality of them (28%)
completed high school; and a great majority (74%) belonged to the Lower Income bracket.
Further, respondents registered a 2.47 overall weighted mean for preference to Traditional
Medicine described as “rarely.” Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between the
overall characteristics and the level of preference of the respondents and that there is no
significant difference in the level of preference between those who have and who have not
experienced Traditional Medicine as well as those who came from urban and rural areas.
Finally, those who generally preferred believed that Traditional Medicine “is effective in
healing illnesses” and that “Tambalans/Arbularyos are effective healers” while those who
generally did not prefer claimed they will “directly see a medical doctor” and that they “don’t
believe in Tambalans/Arbularyos since their practice is unscientific and sometimes
ineffective.” Therefore, it is concluded that Boholanos had low preference for Traditional
Medicine which implies a low cultural preference. An ethnographic or a case study is
recommended to validate the conclusion of this study.
Voices of Higaonon Women on Gold Mining in their Community
Krizia Mie T. Mantiza, Jimar Joshua E. Longcob, Jade D. De la Cruz, Myrma Jean A. Mendoza,
Jay Rey Alovera, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
The Philippines is the fifth most mineral-rich country in the world for gold, nickel, copper, and
chromite. It is home to the largest copper-gold deposit in the world. The mines and
47
geosciences and bureau have estimated that the country has an estimated 840 million
dollars’ worth of untapped mineral wealth (Chavez 2012). Because of this, mining industry is
widespread in the country, particularly down South. It is interesting to find out the effects of
mining in indigenous communities.
This study is about Higaunon women in Tumpagon, an upland barangay in the southwestern
portion of Cagayan de Oro. Although part of the city of Cagayan de Oro, Tumpagon is
adjacent to Misamis Oriental province, the ancestral domain of the Higaunon tribe. True to its
name, Cagayan de Oro is known for its gold deposit thus, a number of mining activities are
found in the city and its periphery. This study focuses on the views of Higaunon women on gold
mining and panning and how these had affected their environment, community, and their
roles.
The study was conducted last July, 2016. With the help of the chieftain of the barangay, the
researchers were able to conduct interviews to purposively selected Higaunon married
women. Findings include diverse effects of mining on their community, environment, and
livelihood. Higaunon women informants disclosed their multiple roles not only as caregiver,
homemaker, nurturer, but also an able-partner to their husbands in livelihood.
Fishing the Margins: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Marine Protected Areas
Enrique G. Oracion, Siliman University
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) includes ideas and ways local people perceive and
relate with their environment which they had learned and transmitted through generations.
But TEK is differently appreciated now even by people from the same community because of
competition over scarce resources due to internal population increase and the coming in of
migrants. One believes that TEK has something to contribute to biodiversity conservation while
the other marginalizes it and opposes the romantic view that it is ecologically sound and
sustainable. These contradicting sentiments suggest that TEK can either be for or against any
conservation initiatives like the marine protected area (MPA). This conservation tool has
constrained the tradition of open access and oftentimes covered traditional fishing grounds
but is open to the dive tourism business. Because of this, the host fishing community, which
basically depends upon nearshore and reef fishing, is divided about how an MPA impact their
sources of subsistence. Their world view about the sea, urgent need for food and survival now,
traditional knowledge on reef fish behavior, and limited technology for off-shore fishing may
explain the variable responses of fishers to MPA management. These drivers of resistance have
to be fully understood by conservation scientists, with the help of social scientists, so these
issues can be appropriately addressed without marginalizing and depriving the small fishers
the right to survive in a limiting environment.
PANEL 4E | 8 OCTOBER | 14:00-15:45| BOARD ROOM E, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
TEACHING SOCIOLOGY
Moderator: Danim R. Majerano, Samahang Saliksik Pasig, Inc.
Pilipinong Sosyolohiya: Pagninilay sa Pagpapasinaya sa Isang Pambansang
Sosyolohiya sa Pilipinas
Dennis S. Erasga, De La Salle University
Sa kasalukuyan, ipinagpapalagay ang pag-iral ng isang pambansang sosyolohiya.
Subalit mayroon nga bang isang lokal na sosyolohiya na umiiral sa Pilipinas? Kung
mayroon, ano ang kalagayan ng sosyolohiyang ito? Bakit kailangang angkinin ang
pag-iral nito ngayon sa bansa? Ito ang mga katanungang babagtasin ng
kasalukuyang artikulo. Upang tayain ang pag-iral (o kawalan) ng isang tatakPilipinong sosyolohiya, tatlong katangian ng karapat-dapat na Pilipinong Sosyolohiya
ang ilalatag: ang (i) “udyok ng pananaliksik” (ethos of research), (ii) ang “kapookan
48
ng usapin” (niche of issues), at (iii) ang “inog ng talastasan” (ambit of discourse). Sila
ang magsisilbing salaan ng pagpapasya, na kung gayon, ay dapat tugunan ng
sapat, ganap, at walang pag-aalinlangan upang mapanindigan ang pag-angkin sa
isang sosyolohiyang may kabuluhan sa kulturang Pilipino. Sa katapusan, mag-aalay
ang artikulo ng mga pasubali na hahamon sa mga kasapi ng pamayanan ng mga
Pilipinong sosyolohista na paigtingin ang paglingap sa pambansang karanasan na
may pangakong magluwal ng isang sosyolohiya na kumakatawan sa kaluluwa ng
ating kultura’t kamalayan.
Sociology of the Sport in the Philippines: Seeking Its Place within the Discourse in Physical
Education Training and Practice
Airnel T. Abarra, Ateneo de Davao University
Satwinder Rehal, University of the Philippines
Sociology of Sport has yet to make a foothold in both the Philippines and mainstream
sociology. In the late 19th century, Sociology of Sport was a course offered by departments
of physical education in the United States. Based on its origins, one can argue that sociology
shares intellectual affinities with physical education, in relation to these lines of inquiry: social
construction of body culture, physicality, sexuality, personal health. This presentation aims to
make a case for forming a sub-discipline of the Philippine Sociology of Sport. This can be done
by establishing the sub-field’s shared intellectual histories with physical education, organizing
inter-disciplinary experts under the auspices of a national professional organization and
establishing links with the International Sociology of Sport Association. Other possibilities
include establishing a database of studies on Sociology of Sport in the Philippines as well as
publishing scholarly articles on this topic.
A Report on the Stakeholder Surveys of the UPLB Master of Arts in Sociology Program in the
Batangas and Quezon Provinces
Mark Anthony M. Quintos, Mark Julius Eusebio, Lei Pangilinan, Rosette Anne Rogelio and
Diane Duran, University of the Philippines Los Baños
This paper reports the results of two stakeholder surveys conducted by select faculty members
of the Department of Social Sciences in line with a plan to revise the Master of Arts in Sociology
program of the Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, UPLB.
Government employees from two provinces of Region IV-A CALABARZON served as the
respondents of the surveys. The first stakeholder survey was conducted in the Quezon province
in 2014 and the second was conducted in the Batangas province in 2015. Findings from the
surveys indicate that there is limited interest in pursuing graduate studies among the
government employees from the two provinces. The lack of interest is brought about by a
number of reasons such as financial and temporal constraints and a perceived lack of
necessity of a graduate degree for career security and growth. Instead, job security was
reported to be based more on personal ties with people of power within the local
government. Even among those who expressed interest in a graduate degree, a Master of
Arts degree in Sociology did not emerge as a preferred choice. Furthermore, a sentiment of
aversion towards pursuing graduate studies in the University of the Philippines due to the
perceived difficulty to pass became salient.
Perceptions of BA Sociology Students on the Structure, Content, and Instruction of the BA
Sociology Program
Mark Anthony M. Quintos and Minami O. Iwayama, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Students of the BA Sociology program have been asked to participate in a focus group
discussion and two separate surveys in an effort to assess the BA Sociology program of the
University of the Philippines Los Baños in terms of its curricular structure, course content, and
methods of instruction. The findings of the study reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the
undergraduate Sociology program from the perspective of its primary stakeholders. In
49
general, the program was evaluated positively by students of the program. However, the
results show that there is room for more improvement, especially when it comes to convincing
the students that the courses which they are required to take are useful after graduation and
in terms of classroom management in major Sociology courses. The findings also indicate that
there is dissatisfaction among the primary stakeholders on the prescribed timetable of the BA
Sociology curriculum as well as the existence of the program’s three curricular options: thesis,
practicum, and all-coursework. Recommendations are also provided to rectify the problems
made salient in the study.
PANEL 5A | 8 OCTOBER | 15:45-17:30 | FINSTER BOARDROOM, ROOM F700, 7TH FLOOR, FINSTER
HALL
CONTESTATION, CITIZENSHIP AN DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE
Moderator: Arnold Alamon, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
Building a Filipino-led transnational advocacy network: A theory of engaged collaboration
across border
Ma. Larissa Lelu P. Gata, University of the Philippines Los Baños
This paper presents the results of the national survey of the nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) across the Philippines to explore how the theory of engaged collaboration across
borders as proposed by the author can explain the process by which local campaigns
initiated in the Philippines transform into a transnational advocacy network. The main
objective of the study is to determine the key factors in the emergence of Filipino-initiated
transnational advocacy networks. Transnational advocacy networks are informal groups of
non-state actors who share values, information, services and discourses across national
boundaries. Using the list of NGOs registered under the Philippine Council for NGO
Certification, the study sampled 91 NGO-respondents. Results point to the key factors in the
emergence of Filipino-initiated transnational advocacy networks, which center on the
general policy, extent of activities, nature of advocacies, use of information, sense of
nationalism, relationship to the state, resources and support mechanisms, and the presence
of monitoring and evaluation in the NGOs. In terms of repertoire of protest, these NGOs resort
to a wide range of activities from writing of start-up grant to direct actions with current
international partners. Finally, national identity is identified as a significant factor in forging
engaged collaboration among NGOs as external and internal non-state actors. The overall
implications of this study suggest that the theory of engaged collaboration may provide an
enrichment of the current literature on transnational advocacy networks as well as social
movements across borders.
“Only if you really, really need it” – Social rights consciousness in the Philippines
Niklas Reese, Philippinenbüro
The presentation considers it the identification of communitarianism as the prevalent
citizenship paradigm in the Philippines as one way of explaining the lack of political change.
Modest expectations towards government service among Filipinos and a high emphasis on
individual and community action for a change to the better can be interpreted that way. I
will present data on the sense of citizenship amongst Filipinos and concepts of social rights
and obligations prevailing among them which were collected in a series of problem-centered
interviews with young urban professionals and triangulate this qualitative data with
quantitative data collected within annual surveys by the International Social Survey
Programme (ISSP) on government, social inequality and citizenship. In a second step I will
attribute these empirical findings to everyday concepts of citizenship as ideal-typical state
responsibility theories and modern citizenship paradigms. By also including ethnographic
data, significant traits of communitarianism in Philippine everyday life can be discovered (as
will be presented). Communitarianism (with its inherent character of exclusivity) though
impedes a democratic culture and, moreover, is unable to serve as a guiding social
philosophy in unifying large-scale societies mainly consisting of citizens who are strangers
50
(ibang tao) to each other. Nevertheless, I believe in the possibility of deepening and
broadening the sense of citizenship in Philippine society and its respect for the “Other” and
will hereby draw on elements of Filipino culture that can be sourced for such purpose.
Exploring Citizenship in People’s Daily Lives and Struggles: Social Constructs, Behavioral
Expressions, Symbols, Experiences of Inclusion and Exclusion
Christine S. Diaz, Ateneo de Davao University
A qualitative research design using in-depth interviews was utilized to examine the
respondents’ social constructs, behavioral expressions, symbols of citizenship and experiences
of inclusion and exclusion.
The social constructs of citizenship reveal emergent themes such as “identity”, “sense of
belonging”, “membership to a political community”, “conferment of political benefits and
privileges”, “responsibility”, “loyalty”, and “compliance to laws”. Noteworthy is the construct
that “citizenship is a piece of paper”.
The behavioral expressions of citizenship were articulated through “habits”, “practices”,
“beliefs”, “language”, “political and social involvement”, “patronizing of Filipino products”,
“enjoyment of benefits and privileges”, “freedom”, and “geographic location”. There are
varied symbols of citizenship seen in various dimensions such as the “legal”, “geographic”,
“material” and “non-material” aspects.
Furthermore, the experiences of inclusion on account of citizenship were reflected on
instances when one “receives aid in times of crisis, resides in one’s own country, able to
communicate with fellow Filipinos, receives fair treatment, pays the value added tax, feels the
sense of togetherness, shows concern to the country, and sees “kababayans abroad”. The
experiences of exclusion on account of citizenship were felt by the respondents “when they
are with foreigners” and when they are “not treated equally”.
It is imperative to rethink the citizenship concept as it creates spaces of inclusion and
exclusion. A broader and deeper understanding of citizenship can promote bridges of peace
and celebration of identities rather than a tool to aggravate the polarization of people.
Tinig ng Demokrasya: Papel ng Wika sa Pagsusulong ni ISKO ng Pagbabagong-Panlipunan
Gerome Nicolas Dela Pena and Lilimay Manalo, Samahang Saliksik Pasig Inc.
Sa kasalukuyang lagay ng ekonomiya, politika at kultura ng lipunang Pilipino, partikular sa
namamayaning sistema ng edukasyon, lubos na nangangailangan nang malalimang
pagbabalik-tanaw sa konsepto at konteksto ng “demokrasya” sa bansa.
Layunin ng papel na ito na silipin at tanawin ang papel ng wika sa pakikibaka ng mga iskolar
ng bayan sa isang lokal na pamantasan sa Lungsod ng Pasig para sa kanilang karapatan sa
edukasyon at kung paano ito nagiging demokratikong hakbangin para sa pagsusulong ng
pagbabagong-panlipunan sa ating bayan.
Sa pamamagitan ng Pagsusuring Naratibo/Narrative Analysis, bibigyang-suri ng mga
mananaliksik ang mga pangyayari hinggil sa paglaban ng mga mag-aaral at maging ang
represyong itinugon ng administrasyon ng nasabing paaralan bilang tugon sa paglabang
inilunsad ng mga mag-aaral upang kamtin ang kanilang demokratikong karapatan, interes
at kagalingan sa edukasyon.
Susuriin din sa papel-pananaliksik na ito ang mga dokumento, liham, pahayag at iba pang
susing datos maging ang mga kongkreto at obhetibong karanasan ng mga aktor sa nasabing
tunggalian upang lubos na mailahad ang katangian ng demokrasya at edukasyon na
nakapaloob sa konteksto nito.
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Sa huli, tatangkain ng papel na ito na talakayin ang mapagpalayang papel ng wika sa
pagkakaisa’t tunggaliang namamayani sa lipunan at kung paanong ang mga pangyayaring
ito’y pangunahing nakapagtatakda ng makabuluhang pagbabago hindi lamang sa sistema
ng edukasyon kung hindi maging sa patuloy na pagsusulong ng tunay na pagbabagong
panlipunan.
PANEL 5B | 8 OCTOBER | 15:45-17:30 | MEDIA ROOM, 8TH FLOOR, XAVIER HALL, COMMUNITY
CENTER BUILDING
SOCIOLOGY OF GENDER (B): GENDERED STUDIES OF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION
Moderator: Marlon Era, De La Salle University
Market versus Subsistence: An issue of Survival & Sustainability of Poor Families in the Global
South
Maria Cecilia M. Ferolin, Mindanao State University – Iligan City Institute of Technology
This paper attempts to theorize on the survival and sustainability of poor households in the
global south. As these households are annexed to development (e.g. aquaculture, mining,
agro-industrial plantations), their subsistence base (e.g. lands, seas, forests) are transformed
into private market-oriented entities which, usually, deprive locals their traditional access and
utilization. Also, market-driven production systems usually alter the ecological balance of the
natural environment (i.e. mining, aquaculture), which all the more disenfranchise the locals.
Comparing results of multiple researches involving fishing, mining and farming communities, in
southern Philippines, all reveal striking similarities – a) reliance on the market cannot be
depended upon on the survival and sustainability of the poor households in the global south
but subsistence. b) when subsistence base is altered, women are doubly affected as they are
not only involved in economic activities but in providing care and nurturing of household
members. Hence, in support to feminist assertions, this paper argues that survival of the poor
household in the global south depends largely on the women’s unpaid labors and incomes
she inputted to the household. Arguably, the great success of global development would not
have been made possible without the sacrifices of the three - women, household and nature.
It is in this context that the household-environment-women (HEW) nexus is developed as a
theoretical and analytical perspective in studying, analyzing and examining ground level
impacts of global development. In this framework, the role of women and household, and
the imperatives of natural environment, Nature, are brought to fore.
Bulungan, Linisan at Bentahan: Exploring Women’s Participation in the Fishing Practices of an
Urban Coastal Area
Anna Beatrice G. Bague and Arlen A. Ancheta, University of Santo Tomas
This paper determines the women’s participation in the fishing system in Bulungan Market
located in Brgy. La Huerta, Paranaque. It explores the way women participate in the bidding
of fish catch, shell fish cleaning to selling. Naila Kabeer (1999)’s “three-dimensional model on
women’s economic empowerment” serves as a theoretical lens explaining women’s
participation in the fishing cycle. The research employs directed ethnography that uses the
following key techniques (a) field observation; (b) field notes; (c) transect walk; (d) resource
mapping; (e) flow chart to understand the Bulungan’s marketing system and (f) in-depth
interviews from a target of ten (10) purposively selected women who have different
participations and experiences in the fisherman’s wharf. Initial results show that women
participate in the bidding of the fresh fish catch in Bulungan early in the morning. Then they
are involved in the cleaning of the shellfishes in the mid-day. Moreover, they also sell various
kinds of fishes after bidding and cleaning. In conclusion, the women’s active participation and
visible contribution to the market’s fishing system mirror their empowerment in the community.
52
Geographical Analysis of the Sociological Factors Affecting Birth and Fertility Rate in the
Northeastern Laguna
Rodolfo B. Valdenarro, Jr., Laguna State Polytechnic Universit - Siniloan Campus
Social sciences are interrelated and interdependent with each other; social researchers
wanted to establish such relationship to ascertain and provide concise and relevant solutions
to the social problems besetting our nation, as the study directs the problem on rapid
population growth with respect on geographical terrains (Upland, Coastal and Poblacion) of
the Northeastern Laguna and those sociological factors heightening them. Quantitative and
qualitative parameters provide a meaningful analysis on the social and economic condition
of the families, extent of fertility and birth rate in the above mentioned areas, sociological
factors such as educational opportunities, healthcare and family planning services, values,
customs and cultural ideals, and gender equality. The vulnerability of geographical terrain to
population consequences were identified, as the residents of coastal and upland areas
experience lack of economic resources, inadequate programs and services from the
government, illiteracy and environmental degradation which may result to climate change,
health problems and loss of economic productivity. All the identified sociological factors
excluding educational opportunities may intensify population growth but vary their effect
depending on location. The relationship of the consequences and sociological factors
established in the study helped in addressing the threats for sustainable development
supported by a participatory rural appraisal in every geographical terrain to show the
potential and weaknesses of the areas. The municipalities in the northeastern Laguna face
the same extent in dealing with high fertility and birth rate, sociological factors and in facing
the consequences of rapid population growth regardless of their municipal class or level - an
endemic problem that requires immediate solution.
Kababaihan, Karanasan, Kahirapan: An Inquiry on Precarious Floating Community Along
Manila Bay
Beatriz Isabel C. Tumindog and Arlen A. Ancheta, University of Santo Tomas
This paper investigates the experiences of women residing on a floating community along the
shores of Barangay San Dionisio adjacent to the fisherman’s wharf in Parañaque. Anchored
on the Access Model of Wisner et al (2003) as theoretical lens, the study looks into how women
participate in the management of their households threatened by natural disaster and
relocation. It is qualitative study employing direct ethnographic method using field
observation, transect walk, in depth interview, focus group discussion aide by tools such as:
problem ranking, seasonal calendar, historical timeline and resource mapping, from nine (9)
consecutively selected women. This paper argues that women’s participation in the
household is challenged by difficulties encountered in the precarious floating community such
as: threatened relocation and homelessness, vulnerability to tidal flooding, and unsanitary
environment. Initial findings show that women join anti reclamation campaigns against threats
of force eviction, fix their homes after flooding, and sell fishes in the market to augment family
income. In conclusion, the experiences of women in the floating community strengthen their
capability to be more resilient amidst environmental and economic threats.
PANEL 5C | 7 OCTOBER | 14:45-16:15 | THE TRAINING ROOM, 8th FLOOR, XAVIER HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
SPACES FOR OPPRESSION, SPACES FOR CONTESTATION: POVERTY & LABOR IN THE WORLD
SYSTEM
Moderator: Raquelyn J. Dadang, Central Mindanao University
The Obvious and Non-Obvious Sociology of “Istambay” and “Contractualization” in the
Philippines
Clarence M. Batan, Frances Faye Gutierrez, University of Santo Tomas
53
This paper presents the relations between two related yet undermined phenomena in
contemporary Philippine social life, the istambay phenomenon and contractualization of
labor in the country. Taking off from Collins' use of "non-obvious sociology" as theoretical tool,
this paper explores both the observed and taken-for-granted dynamics of these two
phenomena to unravel the current state of youth unemployment, marginalization and
inequalities in the country. Using content analysis of select multimedia documents and data
from Social Investigation on the Lives of Istambays in the Philippines (SILIP), a CHED-UST
PHERNET-funded project, the paper argues that a shift in contractualization labor policy
produces a corresponding shift in istambay discourse that is geared towards an
advantageous direction of employment access, inclusion and protection rather than the
observed "disconnect" of these istambays from state apparatus. The paper ends with a
reflection on how Duterte's regime generates a new employment discourse about the obvious
effects of labor contractualization to the taken-for-granted lives of select Filipino istambays.
Digital Sweatshops in the Disaster Zone: Precarious Labor of Techie Aid Workers
Jonathan Corpus Ong, University of Leicester
Pamela Combinido, De La Salle University
This paper explores precarious labor conditions experienced by techie aid workers in the
disaster zone. Drawing from research funded by the Newton Network on Disasters and
Development, this paper draws awareness to how the humanitarian agenda of digital
innovations is sustained by global labor inequalities. Humanitarian technologies of crisis
mapping, drone-assisted aid delivery and two-way communication require cheap precarious
labor in disaster-affected countries to do repetitive grunt work. Drawing from literatures on
“digital sweatshops” (Graham 2016) and emotional labor (Hochschild 1983), we explore the
voice-denying labor conditions of techie aid workers. We show how digital sweatshop work is
instrumentalized in the aim of gaining status and funding for private tech companies and aid
agencies. At the same time, we explore how techie aid workers rationalize internal and
external rewards (Banks 1997) of "life-saving” aid work by drawing comparisons to more
precarious work they have done in call centers, social media content management and
nursing.
Time to Step-Up: A Case Study on the Specialized Training and Employment Program for the
Underprivileged Persons of Mabalacat City College
Keith T. Joven, University of the Philippines Diliman
This study assesses the efficiency of the Specialized Training and Employment Program for the
Underprivileged Persons of Mabalacat City and aims to develop more effective
implementation strategies. It contends that although it integrally empowers its participants, it
needs further improvement to augment its services to them. Such enhancements include: a)
making its partner communities more knowledgeable about the program; b) regulating its
participants; c) monitoring through tracer studies the success rate of its graduates so that it
could further improve its services in the future; and d) institutionalizing plans, vision, goals, and
objectives for impending program implementation. Deducing from this contention, this paper
argues that these recommendations reflect a wider social issue on the shirking of government
and policy-makers on the development of the well-being of underprivileged persons in the
country. In total, this paper longs to advance the strategies and methods which the program
may use in order to aid more in empowering its participants and relay its implications to policymakers hence making them improve ways in developing and empowering the country’s
underprivileged citizens.
Poverty Management: The Value Stretch in the Cases of Women Living in the Streets of
Luneta and Lawton, Sampaloc, Manila
Nano, Rudyard Jose IV R., University of Santo Tomas
54
This sociological research examines poverty among street people, the study attempts to
understand the different cases of women living in the streets and the management of
experiencing poverty. It studies poverty management in terms of (a) financial satisfaction, (b)
occupational fulfillment, and (c) access to survival needs. This research uses a purely
qualitative case study research design that utilizes a purposive sampling technique. Street
women living in the streets of Luneta and Lawton, Sampaloc, Manila, active members of the
food for life project from Hospicio De San Jose serve as respondents. Data is gathered through
in-depth interviews and is analyzed through pattern-matching analytical technique. Through
the conceptual lens of Hyman Rodman’s lower-class value stretch or the value stretch, this
paper argues that poverty management is achieved by compromising or “stretching” the
value range based on social class and position in the class structure leading individuals to
become street people. This paper is significant in contributing to the study of gendered
poverty among developing countries, studying the different approaches of women in
managing poverty is important in empowering the poor and is essential in addressing the
feminization of poverty. It also aims to contribute to the understanding of the various cases of
street people and women who experience ‘intolerable’ lives.
PANEL 5D|8 OCTOBER | 15:45-17:30 | BOARD ROOM D, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
FROM NATIONAL TO LOCAL: RE-IMAGINING PHILIPPINE DEMOCRACIES
Moderator: Mario J. Aguja, Mindanao State University- General Santos
Rethinking Populism in the Philippines: Qualifying Digong’s Populist Rise
Pat Ray M. Dagapioso, Mindanao State University-Naawan/Ateneo de Manila University
The unexpected surge and eventual win of Rodrigo Duterte as the new President of the
Philippines, merits a dissection of explanation. This paper seeks to explain Duterte’s rise and
argues that “Digong’s” win is populist in nature and scope. Borrowing from the emerging
populist as style paradigm; Digong’s populist manipulations are affirmed through investigating
his extraordinariness as a leader; his populist audiences and constituencies; and his
manipulation of new forms of media to bolster his campaign. Utter brashness and foulmouthed charismatic persona which had helped him to become an authentic and a more
relatable, the Manichean distinction of the Imperial Manila versus the forgotten peripheries,
and the cunning strategy of letting his legion of supporters to dominate social media; all these
solidify Duterte as one of the visible leaders of the emerging populist politics in the world. To
extend on the theme of Duterte’s populism, this paper argues that democracy under populism
is safe as long as civil society and the media will remain as vibrant and free, respectively.
Associational Democracy and Local Governance: Case of Municipal Agriculture and Fishery
Council (MAFC) in Silang, Cavite,
Aidel Paul G. Belamide, Municipal Government of Silang, Cavite
In pursuant to a series of national policies released since 1987, agriculture and fishery councils
(AFCs) are established by government units from the national to barangay levels. The AFCs
are deemed as advisory parties to promote private sector participation in agricultural and
fishery development through consultation, advocacy, planning, monitoring, and evaluation.
Through the years, AFCs’, like the Municipal Agriculture and Fishery Council (MAFC) in Silang,
Cavite, have been regarded as promising bodies in helping the government deliver services
and empower farming communities. This is an exploratory research on the Municipal
Agriculture and Fishery Council in Silang, Cavite, as a case of associational democracy in a
local government unit. The MAFC will be seen as a secondary association that mediates
between the market and the formal institutions of the state. The characteristics and roles of
MAFC, based on its formation, maintenance, and engagement with the state, will be
described; and its promises and pitfalls, especially on its attempt to forge agricultural
development and strengthen democracy in a municipality, will be analyzed.
55
Acceptability of Federal System of Government in the Philippines: A Preliminary Assessment
Among Constituents of Iligan and Other Cities
Ariel R. Abragan, Shiela G. Sinconiegue, Ramelyn L. Bracero and Liwayway S. Viloria,
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
One of the promising solutions to the problems confronting the Philippines is the shift to a
federal system of government. President Rodrigo R. Duterte has recently announced that this
is one of the fundamental changes that his administration intends to realize. To ensure success,
this structural change certainly requires high acceptability and support from the constituents.
This study is a preliminary assessment of the readiness of selected residents of Iligan and other
localities in the Philippines to accept a federal system as a new form of government of the
Philippines. Basically, qualitative in nature, this study used an interview schedule as the main
data gathering instrument. It involves 37 informants mainly comprising heads of various public
and private organizations. Results of the qualitative analysis in the context of Karl Manheim’s
sociology of knowledge and the concept of federal system of government, reveal that the
top issues challenging both the national and local governments include political instability,
economic crisis, and unstable peace and order, among others. To effectively address these
challenges, informants highly support a change in the current unitary form of government to
federal system. As a basic structural change, they recognize certain problems that might be
encountered in the implementation of the federal form of government. In partnership with the
various concerned sectors of the society, it is recommended that the political leaders conduct
massive information and education campaign on the basic premises of federalism.
Business Stakeholders’ Resistance towards the Proposed Road Widening Project in Lopez
Avenue, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Samuel Brando Piamonte, Minawi Iwayama, Joseph Tabadero Jr., Hanna Grace Tasarra
Gamis, Patricia Camille Antony, Jolly Anne Gibe, Andrew Dalisay and Gloria Luz Nelson,
University of the Philippines Los Baños
The study aims to determine the level of participation of the 75 goods-oriented business
stakeholders located along Lopez Avenue, Los Baños, Laguna in various forms of protests
against the proposed Road Widening Project (RWP). It also aims to determine the reasons for
their opposition as well as the characteristics of stakeholders who are more likely to resist the
RWP. Moreover, the study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) as framework
in predicting intention to participate in resisting the said project. Data from the stakeholders
were gathered through interviews using a structured questionnaire measuring business
characteristics, level of participation, and the various social-psychological variables
suggested by the TBP. Results indicate that majority of the stakeholders (88%) are against RWP
and most of these opponents (41%) have low level of participation. The most salient reason
for opposing the project pertains to the potential demise of business establishments. Moreover,
the odds of having high level of participation is higher for owners of establishments (OR=1.67),
those operating longer (OR=1.62), with higher number of workers (OR=1.62), and with higher
average daily income (OR=2.50). Finally, ordinal logistic regression coefficients predicting
intention to participate suggest that all the TBP variables positively predict intention, thereby
confirming the TPB.
PANEL 5E| 8 OCTOBER | 15:45-17:30 | BOARD ROOM E, 3RD FLOOR, MATEO RICCI HALL,
COMMUNITY CENTER BUILDING
UNDERSTANDING TRANSITIONS: SOCIOLOGY AND K-12
Moderator: Dennis Erasga, De La Salle University
Teaching Sociology to Non-Sociology Majors
Zona Hildegarde S. Amper, University of San Carlos
General Sociology is a required subject in the tertiary education curriculum at the University of
San Carlos, as mandated by the Commission on Higher Education’s General Education (Gen
56
Ed) Curriculum. Although this will already be changed come 2018 with the Revised Gen Ed
Curriculum, it is still noteworthy to discuss various strategies and approaches in teaching
sociology to non-sociology majors. Following Paulo Freire’s critique of traditional education
which controls thinking and action of students while inhibiting their creativity, this study
presents alternative strategies which enhance critical thinking among students. These have
been utilized in the author’s classes in sociology, and have been assessed by the learners at
the end of every semester.
Through qualitative feedback from students, it was gleaned that learners prefer more
interactive methods that stimulate them to think about specific social phenomena presented
through film, role plays, newspaper clippings, interviews and field observation. This study
recommends a rethinking of teachers’ roles in teaching about a discipline which focuses on
various aspects of society and culture, in order for learners to gain a critical understanding of
its dynamics in everyday-life.
Levels of Awareness of Grade 11 De La Salle Lipa Students regarding the K to 12 Program
Jhenna Catherine C. Cueto, De La Salle Lipa
K to 12 Program has been a hot topic for the past years until it was signed as a law under
Republic Act 10533 or Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. This study investigates the level
of awareness of among Grade 11 Students of De La Salle Lipa regarding K to 12 Program and
said the source of their information about the program. Social Cognitive Theory is used in the
analysis to focus on cognitive, environmental, and behavioral factors. Using in-depth
interviews, research finds that students have a high level of awareness on the K to 12 Program
as the advantages of taking the program. The students learned about the program through
media, family, friends, orientation, seminars and personal research. Thus, the level of
awareness about the K to 12 Program rises as they experience being in the Senior High School.
After three years of the K to 12 Curriculum Implementation: Reflections of teachers at Silliman
University Elementary School
Mary Ann Mansing-Temprosa, Silliman University
This phenomenological study looked into the reflections of grade I teachers after three years
of K to 12 curriculum implementation. It specifically sought to explore the meaning and the
essence of the teachers’ experiences and draw implications of these to succeeding
implementation. Purposive sampling was used having all eight grade I teachers as
respondents. Interview was used where the teacher respondents answered open-ended
questions verbally with audio recording. The Collaizi’s method was employed in data
processing and analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the implementation was a
success although a mismatch between the grade 1 pupils’ entry age cut off
and the
expected competencies to be developed under the K to 12 curriculum was noted and the
passing grade cut off of 75% in a zero-based grading system was found to be too high. The
school’s challenge is to improve on what it has successfully initiated at its level and to consider
the recommendations being offered to avoid relapse as it continues to work toward upgrade
and innovation. For DepEd, it is hoped that more evidence- based evaluation of the
effectiveness of the K to 12 curriculum at the different levels of governance be done to
achieve the goal of producing
productive and responsible citizens equipped with the
essential competencies and skills for life – long learning and employment in the era of ASEAN
integration and globalization.
How Philippine Public School Textbooks Imagine Democracy
Honey B. Tabiola, Fr. Saturnino Urios University
The presentation examines conceptions of democracy in Social Studies textbooks used in
Grades 7-10 in the Philippine public school system, School Year 2015-2016. It claims that, first,
democracy as a topic does not figure prominently in the textbooks. Second, where
57
democracy is discussed, it is “depoliticized” by conceiving it as a settled and static system of
government simply contrasted with other forms of government. Finally, the presentation
discusses the limits of the neo-colonialist framework often used by the textbooks and of their
saturation with (Filipino and Asian) identity politics, leading to the occlusion of class politics
and of “the political” in general. It concludes by reflecting on the limits of the given
democratic imaginary and on the need to employ interpretations of democracy as
necessarily contested, “a democracy from below” (Quimpo, 2008) animated by the ideals of
popular sovereignty and social justice -- if the educative function of schools to make
democracy real is to be achieved.
Perception of Future Social Studies Teachers on Indigenous Knowledge
Marilyn W. Macwes, Jaycee D. Cruz, Heidi F. Gamutlong, Ayviciel B. Gatik and Mery Ann B.
Manahon, Saint Louis University
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is the local knowledge - that is unique to a given culture or society.
IK is the basic component of each country's knowledge system. It is composed of the
experiences and the insights of people and to maintain and improve their livelihood. This study
aimed to know the perception of future Social Studies teachers on Indigenous Knowledge.
The participants were 50 students enrolled in the School of Teacher Education, Saint Louis
University, S.Y. 2015-2016 taking up Social Studies as their field of specialization. A mixedmethod was conducted through administering of questionnaire. An in-depth focused group
interview was also employed. Future Social Studies teacher think that Indigenous Knowledge
is about culture and language, information that were passed from generation to generation,
knowledge of the environment, the use of natural resources and practical common sense.
Learning what IK is can be a start to decolonize the mind of the students who are used to the
western knowledge, to enlighten them to the nature of IK and to show them that IK is an
integral part of our everyday life.
PANEL 5F| 8 OCTOBER | 15:45-17:30 | Calungsod-San Vitores Center, 11th floor of Community
Center Building
SOCIOLOGY OF THE FAMILY
Moderator: Eva Natividad Mendoza, Central Mindanao University
Children of Baseco: A Study on the Impacts of HOPE WWPH to their Clients as an
Independent Children
Anjanette P. Reyes and Maria Carinnes A. Gonzalez, University of Santo Tomas
Independent children are those who lack natural familial relationships, and as an effect, stand
on their own and try to search for support outside the family environment. These children,
though independent, still need alternative support from the society. However, social support
systems have different programs, models, and power relations that could not cater or aid, all
of their needs. Hence, this paper tries to evaluate how HOPE Worldwide Philippines
Organization, a non-governmental organization, affects the identity formation of sexually
abused children of BASECO. This study also seeks to know the children’s experiences of abuse
and how they are overcoming them, the programs and advocacies of HOPE WWPH, and how
the children view their identities before and after joining HOPE WWPH. Preliminary findings of
this study show that these independent children, though subjected to the effects of poverty,
lack of familial bonds, and structural violence still manage to cope with the effects of abuse
and become independent, but could hardly escape the effects of societal structures. The
researcher utilized a qualitative design in analyzing the children’s identity formation and in
evaluating the programs and advocacies of HOPE WWPH. This study employed focused
ethnography through one-on-one interviews with the informants, data triangulation,
participant observations, and small group discussions.
An In Depth Study on the Challenges of Caregiving in the Family of Children with Autism
Paula Isabel A. Reyes and Mark Anthony D. Abenir, University of Santo Tomas
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This paper investigates the challenges of caregiving among the families of children with Autism
who belong in different socioeconomic statuses. Moreover, this paper provides a sociological
approach and inquiry in exploring and identifying the challenges of families in terms having a
child with Autism. With that said, this paper emphasizes on the relationship of socioeconomic
status to the challenges of having a child with Autism. To sum up, this paper focuses on two
counts; (a) the challenges of caregiving that is attached to the family with autism, and (b) the
adjustment that transpires due to having a child with Autism. This paper employs a
comparative case study design, given that; families are compared in accordance with their
socioeconomic status. In order to explore deeply in the phenomena, in-depth interviews were
used in gathering the data. Also, class-consciousness is used as the theoretical lens to
emphasize the variations of each challenges attached to the family. Therefore, this paper
argues that the challenges attached to the families of children with autism vary depending
on which socioeconomic status they belong therefore portraying contesting narratives of
marginalization. Significantly, this paper provides more understanding and knowledge on the
caregiving experiences in the Autism community, it also adds literatures on the caregiving
experiences in the family of children with Autism in the Philippine Context.
Uncoupling of Married Couples: Proximate Reasons of Petitioners and Perceptions on Marital
Dissolution
Shiela May T. Julianda, University of the Philippines - Los Baños
Legal cases of marital dissolution have increased from 2005 to 2015 and the highest records
are found in NCR and Region IV-A. This study is conducted to determine the proximate reasons
of marital dissolution among the 270 granted civil cases in Laguna and the perception of
seven key informants on marital dissolution. Results showed that despite having gender
equality in the Philippines, marital expectations of most Filipino couples are still linked to the
traditional roles of a husband and a wife. Female petitioners identified infidelity as their
primary reason while male petitioners reported negligence of marital duties as their main
reason for wanting an annulment. More male than female petitioners reported emotional
negligence of marital duties while female petitioners were more likely to report financial
negligence of marital duties. Moreover, the study also found that females were more likely to
be evaluated with psychological disorders. Key informants perceived marital dissolution as an
end to the exchange process, a cause for more emerging family issues and a manifestation
of female “independence effect”. Gender socialization theory and social exchange theory
were used to support the results of the study. Programs and policies on marital unions need to
be tailor-fitted to the characteristics and values of Filipino couples to strengthen the basic
institutions of marriage and family.
Sulat Pasa: The traditional divorce paper among the Sama ethnic group in Tawi-Tawi and its
legal implications
Alshadat B. Sabal, Ibrahim S. Miguel and Madzween Joy K. de Asis, Mindanao State
University-Tawi-tawi
One of the thirteen ethno-linguistic groups among the Muslim Filipinos in the Sulu archipelago
and Mindanao is the Sama. The Sinama speaking people dominate the island province of
Tawi-Tawi in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Traditionally, the Muslims in the
Philippines are largely regulated in their relationship with one another, one of it is marriage and
divorce by Diwan. The Sama People has a traditional issuance of Sulat Pasa or a divorce paper
as a mode in severing the marriage bond thereby capacitating one to enter subsequent
marriage which in part contributes to the socio-cultural dynamics of the Philippines society in
general. While the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines otherwise known as
Presidential Decree No. 1083 recognizes divorce among Muslims, it is not easy for a Muslim
couple to divorce each other unless it follows the procedural aspect of obtaining the same
before the Shariah Circuit Court/Shariah District Court. The legal obstacle lies in the divorce
through a sulat pasa obtained by the Muslim couple before the local Imam (Priest) or Punong
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Barangay especially in a Sama dominated community which is not recognized within the
framework of the legal system in the Philippines. This paper focuses on the dynamics of the
traditional divorce paper obtained by a Muslim-Sama divorcee, the effect of his/her marriage
in the context of the Sama cultural beliefs and its legal effect from the vantage of the Sharia
Law as sanctioned by Presidential Decree No. 1083.
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GUIDELINES FOR PAPER PRESENTERS
BEFORE THE CONFERENCE
Presenters may provide an advanced copy of their paper for other conference
participants
to
read
ahead
of
time.
Organizers
will
upload
the paper at http://philippinesociology.com/. This is optional. Papers can be sent
to [email protected]. There is no word limit for conference papers.
Presenters are advised to limit their PowerPoint presentation deck to 8-10 substantive slides,
assuming 2-3 minutes are spent per slide. This will help presenters manage their time.
Consider
distributing handouts
to
the audience
(20
copies) especially
for presentations with data sets that cannot fit in one PowerPoint slide. Participants must
bring their own handouts.
For Apple users, please ensure that your presentation is compatible with Windows-based
platforms. Bring a DVI converter for the projector.
DURING THE CONFERENCE
Arrive at your room ten minutes before your session. Load your PowerPoint presentation
before the session begins.
Presenters only have fifteen minutes to provide a summary of your paper. This depends on
the size of the panel. Moderators are instructed to inform speakers to wrap up on their final
two minutes and stop the presentation should the participant speak beyond fifteen
minutes. This is to ensure that all panelists have enough time to discuss their work and
receive feedback from the audience.
There will be time to answer questions and brief comments from the audience.
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GUIDELINES FOR MODERATORS OF PARALLEL SESSIONS
1. Arrive at your room at least ten minutes before your session begins.
2. Ensure that all presenters have uploaded and checked their PowerPoint presentations.
3. Certificates of participation will be handed to you by student volunteers before the
session starts.
4. Introduce each presenter before he or she speaks. Before the session begins, consult
participants on how they want to be introduced. Confirm the title of the presentation
as some presenters may have changed their presentations’ titles.
5. Encourage participants to extend the discussion in social media using the hash tags
#SociologyPH and #PSS2016Davao.
6. Be strict with time. Speakers only have 15 minutes to present. Notify the presenter when
he or she has two minutes remaining. Make sure that the presentation does not exceed
fifteen minutes. You have the right to ask the presenter to stop the presentation after
fifteen minutes.
7. Moderators have the option to open the floor to questions after each presentation, or
let all presenters complete their presentations before beginning the Q&A. Be ready to
ask questions in case questions from the audience are sparse.
8. Before concluding the session, award the paper presenters their certificates for
participation.
9. Please assign someone from the audience to take a photo and email it to
[email protected] so the Secretariat can upload it on our website and FB
page.
10. Make sure to conclude the session on time and vacate room to make way for the
succeeding parallel sessions. Remind all speakers and audience to not leave any
rubbish in the room.
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PRACTICAL INFORMATION
Madayaw Dabaw!
Welcome to Ateneo de Davao University
The Ateneo de Davao University is a private teaching, service and research university run
by the Society of Jesus in Davao City. Established in 1948, it is the seventh Ateneo opened
by the Jesuits in the Philippines. The university has two campuses. This year’s PSS National
Conference will be held at the Jacinto Main Campus located on Roxas Avenue, Poblacion
District, Davao City.
Arriving in Davao City
Participants arriving in the Francisco Bangoy International Airport may take a metered taxi.
Taxis are readily available at the designated location a few meters from the airport exit.
Taxi fare to the city center is around PHP150-200. Travel time is 30-45 minutes, depending
on traffic and the location of your hotel. Flag down rates for cabs is PHP30 but most
metered taxis in Davao City have not yet been recalibrated. It is likely that PHP40 flag down
rate will be charged as you board your taxi. Be sure to subtract PHP10 when you pay your
fare upon reaching your destination.
Taxi Phone numbers
Blue Taxi/ Mabuhay Taxi
Holiday Taxi
Krizia
Maligaya/ Orange Taxi
Midvalley
STC
234-1360 | 235-1784
300-1717
298- 5541
299- 1111
301- 0479
299-1143 | 304-4739
Getting to Ateneo
The venue for this year’s conference will be at the Ateneo Jacinto Main Campus on Roxas
Avenue. There are four entrance gates, be sure to tell the taxi driver to drop you off at the
Roxas main gate. Student guides will then take you to the Finster Auditorium on the 7th Floor,
Finster Building for the registration and the opening program.
Key Contacts
PSS Secretariat
For queries about registration matters, invitation letters, certificates, parallel sessions
and timetable
[email protected]
Laarni Acenas-Alcano
For queries regarding assistance and reservation for accommodation, conference
venue and other practical matters in Davao City
[email protected]
+082-221-2411 loc 8359
639099519877
Donn Ahl Catre
For queries about the Samal Island Pre-Conference Tour
[email protected]
0977-245-2682
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SAMAL ISLAND PRE-CONFERENCE TOUR
6 October 2016 (Thursday)
The Island Garden City of Samal (IGACOS) is a city in the province of Davao del Norte but
is part of the Metropolitan Davao area. It is located two kilometers away from Davao City
and is known to be the beach of Davao City! It is the largest resort city of the Philippines,
and the Department of Tourism named it as one of the best visited islands in Mindanao
and now the fastest growing tourist destination in the country.
The name Samal was derived from the word (sama), reputedly referring to the first
inhabitants of the Island. People used the word Samal because of the Visayans who
miscalled the word Sama. The first datu in the island was Datu Taganiyug, a native of
Peñaplata, Samal.
Visit http://www.mindanaotours.com/island-garden-of-city-samal for more information.
Assembly time: 6:30 am
Venue: Ateneo de Davao University (Roxas) Community Center Building Lobby
Cost: PhP 900
Inclusions: boat ride fee, resort entrance fees, docking fees, cottage, and food
Duration of the Tour: 8:00 AM – 5:00PM
Order of Stopovers
1. Coral Garden and Marine Park
2. Babu Santa Resort
3. Angel's Cove
4. Mansud Wall
5. Wishing Island
Beaches and Resorts
1. Dayang Beach Resort
2. Dominguez Property
3. Princess Dapia Beach Resort
4. Dela Paz Island
5. Mariculture Area
6. Hof Gorei Beach Resort
7. Pearl Farm Beach Resort
8. Jorona Aquatic Sports
9. Malipano Island
10. Taklobo Sanctuary
11. Diaz Island
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CAMPUS MAP
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2016 NATIONAL CONFERENCE STEERING COMMITTEE
ATENEO DE DAVAO SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Dr. Jerome A. Serrano
Convener
Ms. Rosemary M. Fernandez
Promotions
Dr. Efren John P. Sabado
Finance
Ms. Ma. Vanessa Amor E. Sobrejuanite
Program
Mr. Dennis B. Coronel
Venue and Logistics
Mr. Donn Ahl Catre
Pre-Conference Tour
Ms. Laarni Alcano
Conference and Catering
Ms. Shaira B. Rivero
Student Voluteers Coordinator
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Philippine Sociological Society and Ateneo de Davao University, Department of
Sociology are most thankful to our colleagues who made the 2016 National Conference
possible.
Rev. Fr. Joel E. Tabora, S.J., President, Ateneo de Davao University
Dr. Gina L. Montalan, Academic Vice President, Ateneo de Davao University
Dr. Renante D. Pilapil, Dean, School of Arts and Sciences
Dr. Annabel J. Casumpa, Dean, School of Education
Ms. Suzanne Marie A. Doromal, Assistant to the President for Community Center
Operations
Mr. Romulo Vinci R. Bueza, Assistant to the President for External Affairs
Mr. Uwe S. Panimdim, Executive Secretary, Office of the President
Mr. Ramon B. Beleno III, Chairperson, History and Political Science Department
Dr. Epifania Melba L. Manapol, Chairperson, Social Work Department
Ms. Ma. Ritchell D. Abordo, Chairperson, Economics Department
Dr. Gina R. Lamzon, Officer-in-charge, Psychology Department
Dr. Leah H. Vidal, Chairperson, Anthropology Department
Students, Staff and Alumni, Sociology Department
Lipunang Sosyolohiya ng Ateneo
Dr. Christine S. Diaz, Social Research Training and Development Office
Atty. Romeo T. Cabarde, Jr., University Community Engagement and Advocacy Council
Fr. Ramon Prudencio S. Toledo, S.J., Director, University IT Office
Engr. Florian Z. Remolino, University Physical Plant Director
Ms. Irene C. Lelis, Audio-Visual Librarian
Ms. Fretzie A. Fajardo, Director of Libraries
Mr. Norman “Noy” F. Narciso, Artistic Director, Teatro Humanidades
Mr. Jesus Allaga-Montajes, Program Officer for Culture and Arts
Ms. Lourdes B. Lee, Crust and Fillings Catering Services
Ms. Joan Cristy L. Tee, Cubiyertos Uno Restaurant
Ms. Rowena O. Liguid, Secretary, Sociology Department
Mr. Kenny G. Sitjar, Secretary, Anthropology Department
PSupt. Romuelda B. Empleo
Dinah Luarez, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Fitzgerald Torralba, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Romel Sencio Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Rigel Sinco, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Mae Lucille Bayron, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Kolin Manalastas, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
John Jungao, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
67
THE PHILIPPINE SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The Philippine Sociological Society’s primary mission is to represent, promote, and
advance the intellectual and sociological interests of its members.
It is a non-stock, non-profit professional association registered with the Securities
and Exchange Commission. As an inclusive social science organization, its
members come from a range of disciplines whose professional careers have a
fundamental connection to Sociology.
In pursuit of its mission, the PSS aims to:
 Promote sociology as a social science discipline in the Philippines
 Facilitate and improve sociological teaching
 Develop and nurture sociological research
 Cultivate the contributions of sociology to society
 Publish the Philippine Sociological Review and other materials
 Organize forums and conferences
 Seek, encourage, and maintain links with sociologists around the world
 Enhance the professional development of PSS members
PSS is a regular collective member of the National Sociological Associations of the
International Sociological Association.
To join the PSS, please visit philippinesociology.com for more information.
68
JOIN THE PHILIPPINE SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY!
PSS members are professionals who come from a range of disciplines whose
professional careers have a fundamental connection to sociology.
There are three membership categories:
 One-year membership for undergraduate students (PhP 800)
 One-year membership for regular members (PhP 1,000)
 Three-year membership for regular members (PhP 2,700)
Benefits of PSS Members
 Subscription to the Philippine Sociological Review
 Membership ID
 First access to announcements of scholarships, conferences and other
opportunities through PSS mailing list
 Opportunity to co-organize events such as PSS workshops and Sociology Caravan
How to become a member
 On site: Drop by the Secretariat or Registration Desk during the National
Conference and other PSS workshops to fill out the registration form and pay the
membership fee.
 Offsite: Download the membership form at philippinesociology.com. Pay the
membership fee via bank payment to: Philippine Sociological Society, BPI Loyola
Branch. Account number 3081084032 (current account). Email the accomplished
form to [email protected]. Please enclose a scanned copy of the
deposit slip.
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PHILIPPINE SOCIOLGOICAL SOCIETY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Dr. FIlomin “Ging” Candaliza-Gutierrez
President
Dr. Clarence “Yayet” Batan
Vice President
Dr. Nicole Curato
Secretary
Dr. Jayeel S. Cornelio
Treasurer
Dr. Mario “Mayong” J. Aguja
Board Member
Mr. Arnold Alamon
Board Member
Dr. Nimfa Bracamonte
Board Member
Mr. Rossine Fallorina
Student Intern
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THE PHILIPPINE SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW
The Philippine Sociological Review (PSR) is the official journal of the Philippine
Sociological Society. It publishes articles that advance theoretical, empirical and
methodological studies focusing on, but not limited to, the Philippine society.
The journal encourages submissions that challenge conventional scholarship,
propose novel ways of understanding contemporary social worlds, as well as
manuscripts that foster conversations across disciplines. All manuscripts are
double-blind reviewed.
PSR is published annually. The Commission on Higher Education recognizes the PSR
as an accredited research journal.
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SUBMITTING MANUSCRIPTS TO THE PSR
Prospective authors must ensure their manuscripts follow these guidelines before
their pieces can be considered for publication.
MANUSCRIPT TYPES
PSR publishes five types of manuscripts:
Journal article
These are double-blind peer reviewed articles that make a scholarly contribution
to the field of sociology. Journal articles are 6,000-8,000 words in length.
Book review
PSR main issues feature at least one book review of a recent (less than three years
old) publication focusing on themes relevant to sociological studies.
Research Report
An article published as a research report are pieces that present work-in-progress
or those oriented towards practical sociology. Research reports are not doubleblind reviewed but have been thoroughly reviewed by the editor/s.
Interview
These are featured conversations between leading specialists on the field covered
by the Special Issue and a sociologist selected by the editorial team. Interviews
are commissioned.
Commentaries
In exceptional cases, the PSR board may commission a commentary from a
sociologist/s who can provide timely analysis on topics relevant to contemporary
scholarship.
SUBMISSION GUIDELINES
Prospective authors must ensure their manuscripts follow these guidelines before
their pieces can be considered for publication.
Substantive requirements
1. Manuscripts should have a clearly articulated argument both in the
abstract and in the main document. Scholarly contributions—whether
theoretical, empirical or methodological—should be immediately
apparent to readers.
2. The PSR aims to reach a broad and global audience, hence there is a
preference for manuscripts to be published in using plain and simple English.
Theoretical and methodological concepts must be clearly defined.
Empirical case studies must be properly contextualized to be accessible to
readers unfamiliar with the Philippine context.
72
3. There is no prescribed format for a journal article but all articles must have
the following content: an introduction that clearly defines the manuscript’s
argument; a review of literature that situates the article’s relationship to
broader scholarship; a methodology section for empirical articles; a data
analysis section where findings are systematically analyzed and put in
conversation with the literature; and the concluding section where
evidence are lined up to support the argument the author put forward in
the introduction.
4. Authors may submit manuscripts drawn from sections of a thesis, dissertation
or other research outputs. Authors must ensure that the manuscript
conforms to PSR’s substantive and technical requirements. It is crucial that
the manuscript’s content can stand alone as a journal article.
Technical Requirements
1. Manuscripts will only be considered if they have not been published or
under consideration with other publication outlets.
2. The article is 6,000 to 8,000 words in length. Only in exceptional
circumstances that shorter or longer articles are accepted. Bibliography is
included in this word count.
3. All authors must ensure that they follow the ASA Style Guide, 4th Edition, 2010.
4. Manuscripts use 12-point font, with one-inch margins on all sides and page
numbers on the lower right hand side.
5. Images, maps and other forms of data visualization have high resolution.
Images must have captions. Tables and data visualization must
acknowledge the source and referenced in the bibliography.
6. Manuscripts must be blind-review ready. This means the main document
should not have any references that can identify the author.
7. All authors are encouraged to enlist the help of a copyeditor prior to
submitting the manuscript.
For more detailed information on submissions, please visit PSS website at
philippinesociology.com.
The editor reserves the rights to request revisions, suggest or make appropriate
changes, and postpone or refuse publication of manuscripts.
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SUBSCRIBE TO THE PHILIPPINE SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW
For subscription or purchase, visit The PSSC Central Subscription Service at
www.css.pssc.org.ph. For local residents, individual and institutional subscription,
please email [email protected] or [email protected] for special rates and
invoices.
The journal is also accessible via JStor: https://www.jstor.org/journal/philisocirevi.
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