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Drains: This region of moving sand, lifting one
place to another place by winds.
8 Sand established in the shape of Barkhans &
knife are called Drains.
Reis: In Marustali after moving sand, that remaining
stone hills are called ‘Regs’.
Rajasthan Bagar: Semi arid climate plain, lying to
the east of the Thar desert is known as
"Rajasthan Bagar".
Rohiland: Several short & seasonal rivers have
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developed fertile lands, known as the "Rohi".
Ex: Luni & Banas rivers
playas (Table salt): This region formed by the salt
lakes.
Ex: Sambar (Biggest lake in India)
Didwana, Kuchman, Pachpadra.
The Punjab & Haryana Plains: The rivers Sindu,
Jelhum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas & Sutlej are drain
into the plains.
8 They cover an area 1.75 Lkm2.
Highest peak in Naga hills is ?
Physical Features
8 Himachal is the famous for hill resorts (hill
states)
1. Gulmarg hill station (8, 870 Feets)
8 It is height hill station in India
2. H.P - Darmashala, simla (7200 feets),
Gantasala, Chail, Dhuhoshi, Manali
3. Mussoorie (6500 Feets), Nainital, Raniket,
chakrata, Almore
4. W.B - Darjeeling (First tea cultivation place)
8 very famous 'Kashmir valley' has in
between Himadri & Pirpanjal (Himachal)
Shivalik: This is 50 km (H.P) to 10 km (Acp)
wide zone with average height 600-1500m
8 It is known by various local names, they are
1. The Jammu hills - J&K
2. The Dundwa range - U.K
3. The Mishme, Daffla, Abhar hills - ACP
4. The Churia hills - Nepal
8 Shivalik ranges are composed of sediments
brought down by rivers from the main
Himalaya ranges.
8 This is generally occupied by the
longitudinal valleys called the ‘Duns’
8 Between Shivalik & Himachal there are
several Duns. they are
8 Some of the well known duns.
1. J&K - Kotli dun, Udampurdun
2. U.K - Dehradun, Patlidun, Chumbi dun
3. U.P - Kotadun, Chambhadun
4. Nepal - katamandu dun
8 Since these valleys have fertile soils
8 There famouse for forest & densely populated
Trans himalayas: The Himalaya ranges
immediately north of the great himalayan
range are called the trans himalayas
8 These are called the tibetan Himalayas
because most of it likes in tibet.
8 The karakoram, the zaskar, the Ladhkh,
the kaiks, the kunlun, the Hindu kush & the
kailas, the kunlun, the Hindukush & the
pamir ranges are the main ranges of the
trans Himalaya system.
Karakoram range: The most important range,
which is called as the backbone of hight.
8 It streches for a distance of about 1000kn
in east-west direction
8 Its average elevation is 3000 m above mean
sea level
8 Indias frontier with Afghanistan & china in
north-west of kashmir is formed with
karakoram
8 In karakoram range major peak are
1. Mt. k2 or Gadwin austin- 8611m
8 It is second height place in the world
8 It is hight peak in india
8 K2 name recently pakistan changed as
Chugli
2. Gashebrum (Hidden peak) peak - 8068m
3. Broad peak - 8047m (wild peak)
8 Some important glacier in karakoram range
1. Aksai chin - 75 km
8 It is longest glacier in India
8 This is in Nubra valley
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2. Hisser - 62 km
8 It is in ‘Hanjura valley’.
3. Baifo - 60 km
4. Balthora - 58 km
5. Botora - 58 km
The ladakh range: It is southern side of the
Karakoram.
8 In Tibet these are called ‘Kailas mountains’
8 In Ladakh range in India highest plateau Ladakh plateau.
8 This plateau has average hight 5,300 m.
8 This plateau has a soda plains
The Zasker range: It is southern side of the
Ladakh range.
8 In between Ladakh & Zaskar Sindu river
was passing.
8 It is located in India.
The Kailas range: It is in Tibet
8 In this range the highest peak is mount
kailas (6,714 m).
8 In this range near the Manasa Sarovar
Lake, great rivers (Sindu, Brahmaputhra &
Sutles) had their origin.
The pamir range: It is located in china.
8 This range has the world’s highest table land.
8 pamir plateau is located in pamir range,
which is called as ‘Roof of the World’.
The Hindukush range: It is located in
Afghanistan.
The Kun lun range: It is extended in china.
The Eastern hills (Purvanchal): After crossing
the Dihang gorge (ACP), the Himalayas
take a sudden southward turn.
8 This purvanchal mountains are extended
continue on the border of India, Myanmar.
8 The hill ranges running in north-south
direction along the Myanmar border.
8 This hills passing through ACP, Nagaland,
Manipur, Mizoram, Assam, Meghalaya are
collectively called Purvanchal.
8 These are known by various local names.
1. ACP & Myanmar border - Patkai bum hills
2. Nagaland - Naga hills, Kohima hills.
8 In Naga hills highest peak seramati peak
(3,826 m).
8 In Purvanchal ‘Seramati peak’ is the highest.
3. Manipur - Manipur hills.
8 In Manipur highest peak - Blue peak (2,157 m).
8 In Purvanchal Blue peak is the second
highest.
4. Naga & Manipur mountains are dividing Barail hills.
5. Mizoram - Mizo hills (Lusai hills).
6. Tripura - Tripura hills.
7. South Border of Myanmar & Mizoram Arakan yoma mountains.
8. Meghalaya - Kashi, Garo, Zayanti hills.
9. Assam - Mikir hills.
8 In Mikir hills, which has "sukma valley".
8 In sukma valley highest Tea cultivating
area in India.
The basis of rivers flow, the Himalayas are
divided into 4 divisions.
Punjab Himalayas: The 100 km long Stretch
of the Himalayas.
8 Between the Indus & Sutlej rivers is known
as the Punjab Himalayas.
8 Area of this Himalayas are 3,50,000 km2.
8 Kashmir valley, Pirpanjal range & Banihal
pass are famous in this.
Kumaon Himalayas: The 320 km long Stretch
of the Himalayas.
8 Between Sutlej & kali (Tributaries of
Ghagra) rivers is known as the kumaon
Himalayas.
8 Area of this Himalayas are 38,000 km2.
8 Nandadevi peak, Nainital range, Badrinath,
Kedarnath, Gangotri, Yamunotri are famous.
Nepal Himalayas: This section extends from
kali to Tista.
8 The 800 km long strech of Himalayas.
8 Area of this Himalayas 1,16,000 km2.
8 Everest, Davalgiri, Annapurna Peaks &
Sikkim, Darjeeling & Bhutan Himalayas
are located in this region.
Assam Himalayas: This section extends from
Tista to Brahmaputra.
8 The 720 km long strech of the Himalayas.
8 Area of this Himalayas are 67,500 km2.
8 Kasi, Garo, Zainthia, Abor, Mir hills are
located in this Himalayas.
The Great Plains
8 These are formed by alluvial deposits
brought by the rivers the Indus, the Ganga,
Brahmaputra & their tributaries.
8 The plain stretches from west (bank of sutlej)
to east (Ganga delta) the length of 2,400 km.
8 The width of the plain is about 150-300 km.
8 Area of the Great plain is about 7.5 Lkm2.
8 This plain formed in the period of pleistocene.
Divisions of Great Plains: This plains divided into
4 units on the basis of regional alluvial soils.
Bhabar plains: It lies all along the foot of the
siwaliks from the Indus to the Tista.
8 It is 8-16 km wide belt.
8 Since it is made up of stones & Pebbles.
8 It is so highly porous that streams disappear in this region.
8 This Pebble studded zone is Bhabar plain.
Terai plains: South of the Bhabar lies a 15-30
km wide.
8 Due to the very high humidity caused due
to the re-emergence of streams.
8 The speed of the streams flow in this region
is slow.
8 The streams reappear to the surface of this
region became as marshy plains.
8 This is the region of dense forests & high
biological.
Bhangar plain: It is that higher part of the
plains, where the flood water can not reach.
8 It is made up of old alluvium.
Khedar plains: The younger alluvium of the
flood plains of rivers is called a khedar or
Bet (in punjab).
8 This region is also known as ‘Flood Main’.
8 This region is consists of sand, slit, mud & clay.
8 On the basis of regional characteristics, the
Great Plains may be divided into 4 meso
regions.
The Rajasthan plains: This includes marustali
& Rajasthan Bagar areas to the west of the
Aravali mountains.
8 The Thar desert covered by sand dunes is
the western most of Great Indian desert in
the western Rajasthan.
8 This is Stretch area of 1.75 Lkm2.
Marustali: Arid climate plain lying to the west
of the Rajasthan is Marustali.
Doabs: Two rivers are passing parallel, in
between highland fortile soil formed.
8 On this region 5 Doabs are there.
1. Sindu sagar Doab- Sindu-Jelham rivers
2. The Chanu Doab - Jelham-Chenab rivers
3. The Rachana Doab - Chinab-Ravi rivers
4. The Bari Doab - Ravi-Beas rivers
5. The Bist Doab - Beas-Sutlej rivers