INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER
We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese
Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the
Governments of the United States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered
to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.
We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever situated.
We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to
preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all
requirements which my be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the
Japanese Government at his direction.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese
forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces
under their control.
We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and
directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and
issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to continue to
perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of
the Potsdam Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever actions may be required by
the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the Allied Powers for
the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to
liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control and to provide for their
protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed.
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme
Commander for the Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate these terms of
surrender.
Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0904 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945
MAMORU SHIGMITSU
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government
YOSHIJIRO UMEZU
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters
Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0903 on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945, for the United States,
Republic of China, United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the other
United Nations at war with Japan.
DOUGLAS MAC ARTHUR
1914
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
C.W. NIMITZ
United States Representative
HSU YUNG-CH'ANG
Republic of China Representative
BRUCE FRASER
United Kingdom Representative
KUZMA DEREVYANKO
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Representative
THOMAS BLAMEY
Commonwealth of Australia Representative
L. MOORE COSGRAVE
Dominion of Canada Representative
JACQUES LE CLERC
Provisional Government of the French Republic Representative
C.E.L. HELFRICH
Kingdom of the Netherlands Representative
LEONARD M. ISITT
Dominion of New Zealand Representative
1915
APPENDIX I
Naval Data
1916
Japanese Capitol Ships Lost to Allied
Submarines
4
British
Dutch
2
United States
14
Japanese Capitol Ships Lost to the
Allies
5
28
7
2
2
British
Australian
Dutch
Russian
New Zealand
611
United States
1917
Japanese Capitol Ships Sunk By Allied
Mines
United States
Dutch
Japanese capitol Ships
Sunk By Allied mines
British
Australia
0
5
10
15
20
1918
Japanese Capitol Ships Sunk by The United States
250
200
150
100
50
Japanese Capitol Ships Sunk by The
United States
0
Japanese Merchant Shipping Lost
During World War II
8
42
3 15
2
Australian
British
Chinese
Dutch
2,117
Russia
United States
1919
Japanese Merchant Ships Lost to
Allied Aircraft
2
4 3
5
2
Australian Aircraft
British Aircraft
Chinese Aircraft
Dutch Aircraft
Russian Aircraft
687
United States Aircraft
Japanese Merchant Ships Lost to
Allied Submarines
29
British
Dutch
51
United States
10
1920
Japanese Merchant Ships Sunk By
Allied Mines
United States
247
British
7
Australia
6
0
Japanese Merchant Ships
Sunk By Allied Mines
100
200
300
Japanese Shipping Sunk By U.S. Submarines World War II
Japanese Ships Sunk By Year
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
Tonnage of Japanese Ships Sunk By U.S. Submarines World
War II
1921
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
United States Naval Ships Damaged or Sunk By
Kamikaze Attacks
Type of Ships
Auxiliaries
Battleship (BB)
Carrier, Escort (CVE)
Carrier, Fleet (CV)
Carrier, Light (CVL)
Cruiser, Heavy (CA)
Cruiser, Light (CL)
Destroyer (DD)
Destroyer, Escort (DE)
Landing Ship Tank (LST)
Minelayer, High-speed (AMS)
Minelayer, Light (DM)
Minesweeper (AM)
Damaged
61
15
17
16
0
5
10
87
24
11
15
13
10
Sunk
9
0
3
0
3
0
0
13
1
5
2
0
1
1922
Cause of U.S. Capitol Ship Sinking’s Pacific Ocean Area
Submarine
Surface
Ship
Aircraft
Battleships BB
Kamikaze
Mine
Storm
Collision/Wreck
Scuttled
Damaged
Not
Repaired
2
Aircraft Carriers CV
2
Small Aircraft Carriers CVL
2
1
Escort Carriers CVE
1
1
1
Heavy Cruisers CA
1
5
1
Light Cruisers CL
1
1
Destroyers DD
3
16
Destroyer Escort DE
2
1
3
1
8
13
2
3
3
1
9
1
2
Light Minelayers DM
High Speed Minesweeper
AMS
1
2
3
1
Minesweeper AM
3
1
3
1
Aircraft Carrier Construction 1941-1945
British Royal Navy
Carrier
Illustrious
Formidable
Victorious
Indomitable
Indefatigable
Implacable
Colossus
Vengeance
Venerable
Glory
Ocean
Class
Illustrious
Illustrious
Illustrious
Illustrious
Implacable
Implacable
Colossus
Colossus
Colossus
Colossus
Colossus
Displacement
28,661
23,000
23,000
23,000
23,450
23,450
13,190
13,190
13,190
13,190
13,190
Plane Capacity
57
45
45
45
60
60
48
48
48
48
48
7,470
38,200
21
90
Commissioning Date
May-40
Nov-40
May-41
Oct-41
May-44
Aug-44
Dec-44
Jan-45
Jan-45
Apr-45
Aug-45
Imperial
Japanese Navy
Hosho
Kaga
Hosho
Kaga
Nov. 21
Nov. 21
1923
Akagi
Ryujo
Shoho
Soryu
Kaiyo
Chuyo
Unyo
Taiyo
Zuiho
Shokaku
Zuikaku
Junyo
Hiryu
Hiyo
Ryuho
Ibuki
Chiyoda
Shinyo
Chitose
Taiho
Unryu
Amagi
Kasagi
Katsuragi
Shinano
Aso
Ikoma
Otakisan Maru
Shimane Maru
Akagi
Ryujo
Shoho
Soryu
Kaiyo
Taiyo
Taiyo
Taiyo
Shoho
Shokaku
Shokaku
Hiyo
Soryu
Hiyo
Ryuho
Ibuki
Chiyoda
Shinyo
Chiyoda
Taiho
Unryu
Unryu
Unryu
Unryu
Shinano
Unryu
Unryu
14,500
14,500
Langley
Saratoga
Lexington
Yorktown
Ranger
Wasp
Enterprise
Hornet
Essex
Independence
Lexington
Princeton
Belleau Wood
Yorktown
Bunker Hill
Cowpens
Cabot
Intrepid
Langley
Hornet
United States Navy
Prewar
Prewar
Lexington
Prewar
Prewar
Prewar
Prewar
Prewar
Essex
Independence
Essex
Independence
Independence
Essex
Essex
Independence
Independence
Essex
Independence
Essex
41,300
10,600
11,262
15,900
13,600
17,830
17,830
17,830
13,950
29,800
29,800
27,500
17,300
27,500
15,300
12,500
56,800
34,200
20,400
20,400
20,200
20,200
64,800
17,150
17,150
14,500
14,500
66
48
30
73
24
27
27
27
30
75
75
53
73
53
36
27
30
33
30
75
63
63
64
63
47
64
53
12
12
27-Mar
Apr-31
Jun-35
Dec-35
Dec-38
May-39
Oct-39
Sept. 40
Dec-40
Aug-41
Sept. 1941
May-42
Jun-42
Jul-42
Nov-42
May-43
Oct-43
Dec-43
Jan-44
Mar-44
Aug-44
Aug-44
Oct. 44
Oct-44
Oct. 44
Nov. 44
Nov. 44
11,700
38,746
38,746
25,500
17,577
19,116
25,500
26,507
36,380
14,751
38,746
13,000
11,000
36,380
36,380
11,000
11,000
36,380
11,000
36,380
34
91
91
90
76
76
90
90
100
30
91
45
31
100
100
45
45
100
45
100
Mar-22
Nov-27
Oct-25
Aug-33
Jun-34
Sep-35
May-38
Jun-41
Dec-42
Jan-43
Feb-43
Feb-43
Mar-43
Apr-43
May-43
May-43
Jul-43
Aug-43
Aug-43
Nov-43
1924
Wasp
Bataan
San Jacinto
Franklin
Hancock
Ticonderoga
Bennington
Shangri-La
Randolph
Bon Homme
Richard
Lake Champlain
Essex
Independence
Independence
Essex
Ticonderoga
Ticonderoga
Essex
Essex
Ticonderoga
36,380
11,120
11,000
36,380
27,100
27,100
36,380
27,100
27,100
100
45
45
100
100
100
100
100
100
Nov-43
Nov-43
Dec-43
Jan-44
Apr-44
May-44
Aug-44
Sep-44
Oct-44
Essex
Essex
36,380
27,100
100
100
Nov-44
Jun-45
1925
U.S. Navy Organization Structure
Unit Name
Task Element
Flotilla
Squadron
Task Group
Task Force
Fleet
Navy
Number of Ships
Officer in Command
1 Ship
Captain/Commander
Two or more nonCommodore/Rear
capital
Admiral
ships, mostly of same or
similar type.
Commodore/Rear
Small number of capital Admiral
ships
2 or more Squadrons
Rear Admiral
2 or more Task Groups
Vice Admiral
2 or more task Force
Admiral
2 or more Fleets
Admiral of the Navy
U.S. Marine Corp Organization Structure
Unit Name
Strength
Squid
Platoon
Company
13 Men
42 Men
126 Men
Battalion
378 Men
Regiment
Division
3000+ Men
17,000-21,000
Corp
20,000-45,000
Number of Units
3 Squads + Corpsman
3 Platoons + one
weapons company
3 Companies + one
weapons company
3 Battalions
3 Regiments +
artillery regiment
2+ Divisions
Commanded by
Corporal/Sergeant
1st /2nd Lieutenant
Captain
Lieutenant Colonel
Colonel
Major General
Commandant of the
Marine Corp (4
Stars)
1926
APPENDIX II
Air Force Data
1927
Aircraft Production 1941
30,000
25,000
26,277
20,000
United States
15,000
Japan
10,000
5,000
5,088
0
United States
Japan
Aircraft Production 1942
60,000
50,000
40,000
47,836
United States
30,000
Japan
20,000
10,000
8,861
0
United States
Japan
1928
100,000
90,000
Aircraft Production 1943
80,000
85,898
70,000
60,000
50,000
United States
40,000
Japan
30,000
20,000
16,693
10,000
0
United States
120,000
Japan
Aircraft Production 1944
100,000
96,318
80,000
United States
60,000
Japan
40,000
28,180
20,000
0
United States
Japan
1929
60,000
50,000
Aircraft Production 1945
49,761
40,000
United States
30,000
Japan
20,000
10,000
11,066
0
United States
Japan
Total Aircraft Production 1941-1945
69,888
United States
Japan
306,090
1930
U.S. Aircraft World War II
Aircraft
Bombers
A-20
A-24
A-26
B-17
B-18
B-24
B-26
B-29
PV-1
SB2C
SBD
TDB
Cargo
C-46
C-47
C-54
Fighter
F4F
F4U
F6F
F8F
P-38
P-39
P-40
P-47
P-51
P-61
TBF
TBM
Patrol
Boats
PBM
PBY
PB2Y
PB4Y-2
Name
Manufacturer
Quantity
Produced
Service
Havoc
Banshee
Invader
Fortress
Bolo
Liberator
Marauder
Superfortress
Ventura
Helldiver
Dauntless
Devastator
Douglas
Douglas
Douglas
Boeing
Douglas
Consolidated
Martin
Boeing
Lockheed
Curtiss
Douglas
Douglas
7,385
52
2,452
12,711
350
18,331
5,157
3,970
3,028
7,140
5,938
130
AAF
AAF
AAF
AAF
AAF
AAF
AAF
AAF
Navy
Navy
Navy
Navy
Commando
Dakota
Skymaster
Curtiss-Wright
Douglas
Douglas
10,368
1,162
1,120
AAF
AAF
AAF
Wildcat
Corsair
Hellcat
Bearcat
Lighting
Airacobra
Warhawk
Thunderbolt
Mustang
Grumman
Vought
Grumman
Grumman
Lockheed
Bell
Curtiss-Wright
Republic
Black Widow
Avenger
Avenger
Northrop
Grumman
General Motors
7,885
4,049
12,274
1,266
9,536
9,588
13,738
15,683
14,686
702
2,291
7,546
Navy
USMC/Navy
Navy
Navy
AAF
AAF
AAF/AVG
AAF
AAF
AAF
USMC/Navy
USMC/Navy
Mariner
Catalina
Coronado
Privateer
Martin
Consolidated
Consolidated
Consolidated
1,285
4,051
217
1,370
Navy
Navy
Navy
Navy
North American
1931
Japanese Aircraft World War II
Aircraft
Bombers
G4M
Ki-21
Ki-49
Ki-67
P1-Y1
Dive-Bomber
D3A
D4Y
Fighter
A5M
A6M
J2M
Ki-45
Ki-46-III
Ki-61
KI-84
NIK-J
Name
Code
Name
Manufacturer
Quantity
Produced
Service
Donryu
Hiryu
Ginga
Betty
Sally
Helen
Peggy
Frances
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi
Nakajima
Mitsubishi
Yokosuks
2,414
2,064
819
698
1,100
Navy
IJAF
IJAF
IJAF
Navy
Suisei
Val
Judy
Aichi
Yokosuka
1,495
2,035
Navy
Navy
Claude
Zeke
Jack
Nick
Dinah
Tony
Frank
George
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi
Kawasaki
Mitsubishi
Kawasaki
Nakajima
Kawanishi
1,094
10,964
524
1,701
1,742
3,028
3,500
1,435
Navy
Navy
Navy
IJAF
IJAF
IJAF
IJAF
Navy
Jake
Paul
Aichi
Aichi
1,418
256
Navy
Navy
Mavis
Emily
Jake
Kawanishi
Aichi
1,435
1,418
Navy
Navy
Gekko
Irving
Nakajima
400
IJAF
Tenzan
Kate
Jill
Nakajima
Nakajima
1,149
1,266
Navy
Navy
Reisen
Raiden
Toryu
Hien
Hayate
Shiden
Float Plane
E13A
E16A
Flying Boat
H6K
E13A
Night Fighter
J1N1-S
Torpedo
Bomber
B5N
B6N
1932
Japanese Aircraft Production
Type of Aircraft
Army 1941
Navy 1941
Army 1945
Navy 1945
Reconnaissance
290
30
136
35
Fighters
550
371
800
640
Bombers
660
644
315
570
Kamikaze
0
0
850
3,100
United States Aircraft Production
TYPE
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
TOTAL
1,727
5,213
11,766
18,291
10,591
47,588
LIGHT BOMBERS
373
1,153
2,371
2,980
3,079
9,956
MEDIUM
BOMBERS
745
2,556
4,370
6,189
5,384
19,244
HEAVY BOMBERS
288
2,076
8,027
12,813
11,065
34,269
3
91
977
2,865
3,936
1,857
6,466
10,456
9,561
28,594
FIGHTERS
B-29 BOMBERS
TRANSPORTS
254
1933
Aircraft
Statics
TYPE
Bombers:
A-20
AIR
SPEED
(mph)
339
B-17
B-24
317
290
B-25
275
B-26
282
B-29
CAC
Boomerang
Mitsubishi
GM
Mitsubishi
KI-7
Mitsubishi
KI-21
Mitsubishi
KI-67
Dive
Bombers:
Aichi D3A1
SB2C
Helldiver
SBD
Dauntless
Yokosuka
D4Y
Fighter:
Brewster
Buffalo
Bristol
Beaufighter
F4F Wildcat
F6F Hellcat
F4U Corsair
Hurrican
Kawasaki Ki61
Ki-43
Mitsubishi
ARMANMENT
357
305
283
1-30 cal/8-50
cal.
11-50cal
15-50cal/175mm
2-30 cal/2-50
cal.
12-50cal/120mm
4-7.7mm/220mm
4-12.7mm/120mm
294
CREW
MAX
CEILING
(feet)
RANGE
(miles)
4,000
3
25,098
1,091
6,000
5,000
10
10
35,000
28,000
2,000
2,200
4,000
7
24,000
1,500
5,200
7
23,507
675
20,000
11
36,000
3,250
1
34,006
1,600
5 to 7
30,000
2,200
30,500
1,635
BOMB LOAD
(pounds)
2,000
2,000
302
6-12,7mm
2,205
5
32,808
1,678
334
3-12.7/120mm
1,764
6 to 8
31,070
1,740
281
3-7.7mm
800
2
31,750
1,131
281
2-20mm
2-30 cal./2-50
cal
1,000
1
24,100
1,100
1,000
2
24,300
985
34,500
749
1
33,202
1,600
2
1
1
1
1
26,519
35,000
37,500
37,000
40,000
1,479
900
1,090
1,015
460
1
1
1
32,808
39,370
39,370
1,118
1,000
1,000
252
360
321
333
318
376
415
340
367
360
360
680
4-50cal
4-20mm/67.62mm
4-50cal/20mm
6-50cal
6-50cal
12-303cal
2-20mm/212.7mm
3-13.2MM
3-13.2MM
500
1934
Zero-Sen
Nakajima Ki84
P-38 Lighting
P-40
Warhawk
P-47
Thunderbolt
P-51
Mustang
Spitfire
Torpedo
Bomber:
Bristol
Beaufort
Nakajima
B5N2
Nakajima
B6N
TBD
Devastator
TBF/TBM
Avenger
Patrol Planes:
Kawanishi
H6K
Kawanishi
H8K
Nakajima
J1N1
PBY Catalina
PB2Y
Coronado
PB4Y
Privateer
PBN-5
Mariner
392
414
2-12.7mm/220mm
4-50cal/20mm
1,102
3,200
1
1
34,449
40,000
362
6-50cal
500
1
31,000
430
8-50cal
2,500
1
40,000
800
440
2,000
1
41,900
755
354
6-50cal
2-7.9MM/220MM
1
30,100
412
265
4-12.7mm/120mm
2,000
4
16,499
1,600
1,650
2 to 3
27,100
1,237
299
1-7.7mm
1-7.7mm/113mm
1,764
3-Jan
29,659
1,085
207
3-30cal/1-50cal
1,200
2 to 3
19,500
985
259
4-30cal
2,000
3
23,000
1,000
4,409
9
31,496
4,210
4,409
10
28,740
4,461
30,577
15,800
981
2,520
20,505
2,371
235
1,052
800
290
1-20mm/47.7mm
4-20mm/47.7mm
314
196
2-20mm
3-30cal/2-50cal
1,110
4,000
223
8,000
287
8-50cal
12-50cal/120mm
2
8
10 to
45
12,88
11
20,669
2,796
211
8-50cal
8,000
7 to 9
19,800
2,240
239
Total Cost of the Air War in the Pacific against the Empire of
Japan
Total Army Air Force losses against the Japan for all causes were 13,055 planes,
which breaks down to 1,197 heavy bombers: B-17s, B-24s, B-32s, B-29s; 864
medium and light bombers: A-20s, A-26s, B-18s, B-24s, B-26s; 2,469 fighters:
P-38s, P-39s, P-40s, P-47s, P-51, P-400s: destroyed in combat. Army Air Force
1935
battle casualties were 24,230 which breaks down to 10,406 killed in action,
4,643 wounded, and 9,181 missing, captured, or POW.
U.S. Army Air Force Organization Structure
Unit Name
Number of Units
Section
Flight
Squadron
2 sections
3 to 4 Flights
3 to 10
Group/Wing Squadrons
2 or more
Wing/Group Groups
or Wings
2 or more
Numbered
Groups
Air Force
or Wings
U.S. Army
Air Force in
Air Force
Theater
Number of
Planes
Officer in
Command
Number of Personnel
4 to 6
7 to 16
5 to 20
20 to 100
100 to 300
NCO
Captain
Lt. Colonel
17 to 48
300 to 1,000
Colonel
48 to 100
1,000 to 5,000
Brig. General
100 or more
5,000+
Major General
All planes in
Theater
All Personnel in
Theater
General of the
Air Force
Source: Wikipedia. Military organization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_organization
United States Army Air Force
5th Air Force: Australia, New Guinea, Schouten Islands, Philippines,
Okinawa
7th Air Force: Hawaii, Central/Western Pacific, Saipan, Philippines,
Okinawa
10th Air Force: India, Burma, China
11th Air Force: Alaska
13th Air Force: New Caledonia, Espiritu Santo, Mexico, Guadalcanal,
Los Negros, New Guinea, Noemfoor, Morotai, Philippines
14th Air Force: Kunming, China; Peishiyi, China
20th Air Force: India, China, Iwo Jima, Mariana Islands: Saipan, Guam,
Tinian
1936
Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Air Force Name
1st IJAAF
2nd IJAAF
3rd IJAAF
4th IJAAF
5th IJAAF
6th IJAAF
Area of Operation
Home Islands, Korea, Karafuto,
Taiwan
Manchukuo
Southeast Asia
New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Eastern and Southern China
Okinawa, Taiwan
Headquarters Location
Tokyo, Japan
Hsinking, Manchukuo
Singapore, Malaya
Rabaul, New Britain
Nanking, China
Kyushu, Japan
Phase One of B-29s Incendiary Attack on Japan's Cities
March 10, 1945 - June 15. 1945
City
Date
No. of Planes
6/15/1945
444
Amagasaki
4/15/1945 303
Kawasaki
2/4/1945 307 of 330
Kobe
6/5/1945 473 of 531
1/3/1945 97
Nagoya
3/11/1945 285 of 310
3/19/1945 290 of 313
5/14/1945 472 of 529
5/16/1945 457 of 522
3/13/1945 274 of 301
Osaka
6/1/1945 458 of 521
6/7/1945 458
6/15/1945 444 of 516
2/25/1945 174
Tokyo
3/9/1945 279 of 325
4/13/1945 327
4/15/1945 303
5/23/1945 520 of 562
5/25/1945 502
Yokohama 4/15/1945 303
5/29/1945 454 of 517
Tonnage
2,355
3,077
Percent Destroyed
18.9
36.2
Sq. Miles Burned
1,665
2.90
4.35
0.17
2.05
3.00
3.15
3.82
8.1
3.15
2.21
1.9
1
15
3,646
3,262
56.3
5.3
56.3
2,570
58
6.9
1,790
1,858
2,515
3,609
1,733
2,788
2,540
3,157
55.7
40
35.1
1937
Phase Two of B-29s Incendiary Attack on
Japan's Cities
June 16, 1945 - August 15, 1945
City
Akashi
Aomori
Chiba
Choshi
Fukui
Fukuoka
Gifu
Hachioji
Hamamatsu
Himeji
Hiratsuka
Hitachi
Ichinomiya
Imabari
Kagoshima
Kochi
Kofu
Kumamoto
Kura
Maebashi
Matsuyama
Mito
Moji
Nagaoka
Nishinomiya
Nobeoka
Ogaki
Oita
Okayama
Okazaki
Date
7/6/1945
7/28/1945
7/6/1945
7/19/1945
7/19/1945
6/19/1945
7/9/1945
8/1/1945
6/17/1945*
7/3/1945
7/16/1945
7/19/1945
7/12/1945
7/28/1945
8/5/1945
6/17/1945*
7/3/1945
7/6/1945
7/1/1945
7/1/1945
8/5/1945
7/26/1945
8/1/1945
6/28/1945
8/1/1945
7/16/1945
8/5/1945
6/28/1945
7/28/1945
7/16/1945
6/28/1945
7/19/1945
Percent Destroyed
18.9
30
41
44.2
86
24.1
63.6
65
60.3
49.4
48.4
72
56.3
63.9
63.4
55.2
78.6
31.2
41.9
64.2
64
68.9
23.3
64.9
11.9
25.2
39.5
28.2
68.9
32.2
1938
Omuta
6/17/1945*
7/26/1945
35.8
Phase Two of B-29s Incendiary Attack on
Japan's Cities
June 16, 1945 - August 15, 1945
City
Saga
Sakai
Sasebo
Sendai
Shimizu
Shimonoseki
Takamatsu
Tokushima
Toyama
Tsu
Tsuruga
Ube
Ujiyamada
Utsunomiya
Wakayama
Yawata
Yokkaichi
Date
8/5/1945
7/9/1945
6/28/1945
7/9/1945
7/6/1945
7/1/1945
7/3/1945
7/3/1945
7/26/1945
8/1/1945
7/28/1945
7/12/1945
7/1/1945
7/28/1945
7/12/1945
7/28/1945
7/9/1945
8/8/1945
6/17/1945*
Percent Destroyed
44.2
48.2
41.4
21.9
42
37.6
67.5
85.2
99
69.3
65.1
20.7
41.3
43.7
50
21.2
33.6
Approximately 330,000 Japanese civilians are killed
by the air attacks, 476,000 injured, and 9,200,000 made
homeless. Nearly 2.5 million homes are destroyed during
the air assaults. More than 600,000 homes are destroyed
by the government to create firebreaks.
B-29 loss rate during the fire bomb campaign is 1.9 percent.
1939
U.S. Army Air Force Cost of
Planes in the War in the Pacific
Heavy Bombers Medium and Light Bombers
1,197
864
Fighters
Total Losses
2,469
13,055
U.S. Army Air Force Cost of Personnel in the War in the Pacific
KIA
Wounded
Missing/POW
Total
Casualties
10,406
4,643
9,181
24,230
1940
160,800 Tons of Bombs Dropped on
the Japanese Home Islands
4% U.S. Army
4%
U.S. Navy
B-29s
92%
U.S. Strategic Bombing of Japan
Total Tonnage Dropped
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
Urban Areas
Aircraft Factories
Oil Refineries
Arsenals
Industrial Targets
Airfields/Sea Plane Bases
1941
Physical Damage Caused by Strategic Bombing of Japan
Installation Bombed
Chemical Plants
Ingot Steel
Ship Yards
Naval Ordnance Plants
Army Ordnance Plants
Light Metals
Air Frame Assembly
Electronic/Communications
Aircraft Engine Plants
Oil Refineries
Percentage Damaged
10
15
15
28
30
35
60
70
75
83
1942
APPENDIX III
Military Data
1943
JAPANESE ESTIMATED STRENGTH OF FORCES IN CAPTURED
TERRITORIES
August 15, 1945
JAPANESE
TERRITORY
ANDAMAN-MALAYA
BISMARK ISLANDS
BONIN ISLANDS
BORNEO
BURMA
CELEBES ISLAND
CHINA
FORMOSA
FRENCH INDOCHINA
JAVA
KOREA
KURIL ISLANDS
LESSER SUNDAS, TIMOR
MANCHURIA
MANDATE ISLANDS
NEW GUINEA
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
RYUKUS ISLANDS
SAKHALIN ISLAND
SOLOMON ISLANDS
SUMATRA ISLAND
THAILAND
TOTAL FORCES
IMPERIAL
ARMY
95,581
57,530
14,996
24,850
70,350
17,650
1,049,700
128,080
90,370
40,360
274,200
50,000
17,500
760,000
48,644
30,230
97,300
40,882
20,000
12,330
59,480
106,000
3,157,683
IMPERIAL TOTAL
NAVY
36,473
132,054
30,854
88,384
7,735
22,731
10,879
35,729
1,372
71,722
6,518
24,168
63,755
1,113,455
46,713
174,793
8,914
99,284
15,180
55,540
29,431
303,631
1,621
51,621
4,238
21,738
1,185
761,185
44,178
92,822
7,158
37,388
36,151
133,451
9,766
50,648
1,328
21,328
16,729
29,059
4,984
64,464
3,051
109,051
406,890
3,564,573
1944
Comparison of Army Ranks Among the Military
Powers
Australian
British
Field Marshal
Field Marshal
Chinese
Generalissimo
Dutch
General
General
General
Lt. General
General
Lt. General
Lt. General
Major General
Lt. General
Major General
Major General
Brigadier
Brigadier
Major General
Colonel
Colonel
Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Major
Lt. Colonel
Major
Lt. Colonel
Major
Captain
Major
Captain
Captain
Captain
1st. Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Lieutenant
1st. Lieutenant
2nd. Lieutenant
2nd. Lieutenant
2nd. Lieutenant
Regimental Sergeant Major
Regimental Sergeant Major
Sergeant Major
Sergeant Major
Quartermaster Sergeant
Quartermaster Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant
2nd. Lieutenant
1st. Sergeant
Sergeant Major
Sergeant 1st.
Class
Sergeant
Sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Lance Corporal
Lance Corporal
Senior Private
Senior Private
Private 1st. Class
Private 1st. Class
Private 2nd. Class
Private
Private
Private 3rd. Class
Private
1945
Japanese
Russian
United States
USMC
General of the Army
General
Commissar of the Army
General
General
Lt. General
Commissar of the Army Corp
Lt. General
Lt. General
Major General
Commissar of the Division
Major General
Major General
Commissar of the Brigade
Brigadier General
Brigadier General
Commissar of the Regiment
Colonel
Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Major
Commissar of the Battalion
Major
Major
Captain
Senior Politruk
Captain
Captain
Lieutenant
Politruk
1st. Lieutenant
1st. Lieutenant
2nd. Lieutenant
2nd. Lieutenant
2nd. Lieutenant
Sergeant Major
Master Sergeant
Master Gunnery Sergeant
1st. Sergeant
1st. Sergeant
Technical Sergeant
Gunnery Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant
Sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Leading Private
Lance Corporal
Lance Corporal
Private 1st. Class
Private 1st. Class
Private
Private
Superior Private
Private 1st. Class
Private 2nd. Class
Recruit
1946
Comparison of Navy Ranks Among the Military Powers
Australian
British
Japanese
United States
Admiral of the Fleet
Admiral of the Fleet
Admiral
Admiral
Admiral
Admiral
Vice Admiral
Vice Admiral
Vice Admiral
Vice Admiral
Rear Admiral
Rear Admiral
Rear Admiral
Rear Admiral
Commodore
Commodore
Captain
Captain
Fleet Admiral
Commodore
Captain
Captain
Commander
Commander
Commander
Commander
Lt. Commander
Lt. Commander
Lt. Commander
Lt. Commander
Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Lieutenant Sr. Grade
Lieutenant
Sub-Lieutenant
Sub-Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Lieutenant JG
2nd. Lieutenant
Ensign
Senior Petty Officer
Chief Petty Officer
Chief Petty Officer
Chief Petty Officer
Sergeant Major
Sergeant Major
Quartermaster Sergeant
Quartermaster Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Petty Officer 1st Class
Petty Officer 2nd Class
Sergeant
Sergeant
Petty Officer 2nd Class
Petty Officer 3rd Class
Leading Seaman
Leading Seaman
Leading Seaman
Seaman 1st Class
Petty Officer 1st Class
Senior Seaman
Seaman 2nd Class
Seaman 1st Class
Seaman
Seaman
Seaman
Apprentice Seaman
1947
DIVISIONAL STRENGTH COMPARISON
MILITARY
BRANCH
Japanese Infantry
Chinese Infantry
British Infantry
U.S. Army
Infantry
U.S. Marine
UNIT SIZE WITH SUPPORT
PERSONNEL
18,000
12,000 (varied)
18,000
14,000
17,000
U.S. Army Organization Structure
Unit Name
Strength
Squid
Platoon
Company
Battalion
Regiment
Brigade
9-12 Men
16-44 Men
62-193 Men
860 Men
3000+ Men
3,000-5,000
Division
Corp
Army
17,000-21,000
20,000-45,000
80,000-200,000
400,0001,000,000
Army Group
Number of Units
3-4 Squads
3-4 Platoons
3-4 Companies
3-4 Battalions
2-4 Regiments
3-4
Brigades/Regiments
2+ Divisions
2-4 Corp
2 Armies
Commanded by
Corporal/Sergeant
1st /2nd Lieutenant
Captian/Major
Lieutenant Colonel
Colonel
Colonel
Major General
Lieutenant General
General
General of the Army
1948
Australian Army Organization Structure
Unit Name
Soldier
Section
Platoon
Company
Battalion
Brigade
Division
Corp
Strength
1 Man
9-13 Men
39 Men
140 Men
850 Men
3,300
14,000
42,000
Number of Units
Commanded by
Corporal
Lieutenant
Captian
Lieutenant Colonel
Brigadier General
Major General
General
3 Sections
3 Platoons
5 Companies
3 Battalions
3 Brigades
3 Divisions
Japanese Imperial Army Division Organization Structure
Personnel
21,945
Number of Horses
5,849
Horse-drawn Carts
555
Rifles/Small Arms
9,476
Light Machine Guns
541
Heavy Machine Guns
104
Grenade Launchers
576
Howitzers
64
Heavy Artillery
44
Tanks
24
Small Vehicles
262
Trucks
266
1949
APPENDIX IV
General Data
1950
Allied Code Names for Pacific Operations
ABDA: acronym for the 1942 cooperative American-British-Dutch-Australian
defence of the
Pacific and Indian Ocean theatre.
ABERDEEN: code name for Chindit stronghold near Manhton, Burma.
ALAMO: Name for the task force for operations in New Guinea.
ALPHA: Plan to defend Kunming and Chungking.
ANAKIM: Plan to recapture Burma.
ARCADIA: Name for the Washington Conference, December 1941-January
1942.
BACKHANDER: Name for the task force to conduct operations on Cape
Gloucester on the island of New Britain.
BAZAAR: Plan for American air support of the USSR in the event of a Japanese
attack on the Soviet Union.
BETA: Plan to open a port on the coast of China.
BIRDCAGE: Airborne leaflet drop on POW camps announcing Japanese
surrender.
BLACKPOOL: Name for Chindit roadblock on the railroad near Namkwin,
Burma.
BLISSFUL: U.S. Marine landing on Choiseul in Solomon Islands, October
1943.
BOSTON: Southwest Pacific Area of Operations plan to occupy and construct
an airfield in the
Abau-Mullins Harbour region of New Guinea.
BREWER: Operations in the Admiralty Islands.
BROADWAY: Name for a drop site about fifty miles northwest of Indaw,
Burma, to
resupply the Chindits.
BROADWAY: Name for a drop site about fifty miles northwest of Indaw,
Burma, to resupply
the Chindits.
BUCCANEER: plan (cancelled) for the amphibious capture of the Andaman
Islands.
BUNKUM: British operation to land six men by submarine on Middle Andaman
Island to
reconnaissance of Japanese defences.
CACTUS: Operation to capture Guadalcanal (a part of WATCHTOWER).
CANNIBAL: British unsuccessful attempt to recapture the Burmese port of
Akyab in March
1951
1943.
CAPITAL: Plan for the attack across the Chindwin River towards Mandalay.
CARBONADO: Plan to open a port on the coast of China (revised BETA).
CARTWHEEL: Operations to capture the Solomon Islands of New Britain and
New Ireland
involving convergent operations from the South Pacific and Southwest Pacific
Areas of
Operations against Rabaul.
CATCHPOLE: Plan for operations against the Atolls of Eniwetok and Ujelang
in the Marshall
Islands Group.
CAUSEWAY: Plan to capture Formosa, Planned for 1944, but was not
executed.
CENTREBOARD: Operations for dropping the atomic Bomb on Hiroshima,
August 1945.
CHAMPION; Plan (late 1943) for a general offensive in Burma.
CHARACTER: Allied Commando attack on Japanese positions and gather
intelligence in
Burma, April 1945.
CHERRYBLOSSOM: U.S. Marines landings on Bougainville, November 1943.
CHRONICLE: Operation to capture Woodlark Island and Kiriwina Island.
CLEANSLATE: Operation to occupy the Russell Islands.
COCKPIT: Aircraft from British warships attacks against the Japanese port and
oil installations
on Sabang Island, Sumatra July 1945.
CORONET: U.S. contingency plan to invade the island of Honshu on the Tokyo
plain, 1946.
See Code names OLYMPIC and DOWNFALL.
COTTAGE: Recapture of Kiska, 1943.
COUNTENANCE: British and Indian forces occupy Iran's southern oilfield
region.
CUDGEL: Plan for small-scale operations on the Arakan coast of Burma,
unfulfilled.
CULVERIN: Plan for the assault on Sumatra.
CYCLONE: Operation to capture Noemfoor, 1944.
DEXTERITY: operations name for western New Britain and Saidor.
DIRECTOR: Code name for the task force for the invasion of Arawe in New
Britain.
DIXIE: Code name for the U.S. observer mission to the Chinese communists.
DOVETAIL: Rehearsal at Fiji of the Marine landing to capture Guadalcanal and
a lodgement in
the southern Solomon Islands (a sub-task of PESTILENCE).
DOWNFALL: Overall U.S. contingency plan for the invasion of Japan in 1946.
Also see
1952
CORONET and OLYMPIC.
DRACULA: Plan for an attack on Rangoon, 1944.
DRYGOODS: Logistical operation to mass supplies at Guadalcanal, February
1943.
ELKTON: General MacArthur's plan (not executed) for the capture of Rabaul.
END RUN: Code name for the task force built around the survivors of Task
Force GALAHAD,
that was used for the drive towards Myitkyina, Burma.
EUREKA: Codeword name for the Tehran Conference, November 1943.
FANTAN: Code name for the Fiji Islands.
FIVESOME: Code for the coordination of Allied operations in the Southwest
Pacific.
FLINTLOCK: Operation to capture of the Marshall Islands.
FORAGER: Operation to capture the Mariana Islands, Central Pacific.
GALAHAD: Code for American long-range penetration groups in Burma.
GALVANIC: Operation to capture the Gilbert and Makin Islands.
GLOBETROTTER: U.S. capture of Sansapor in New Guinea, July 1944.
GOODTIME: New Zealand troops land on Treasury Island, Solomon Islands,
October 1943.
GRANITE: Tentative plan for the capture of the Marshall Islands, 1944.
HAILSTORM: U.S. bombers and carrier plane attacks to destroy Japanese
warships, cargo ships, installations, and aircraft on the Island of Truk, February
1944.
HALPRO: Halverson Project -bombing detachment for China-Burma-India
Theatre.
HURRICANE: Operation to capture Biak, 1944.
ICEBERG: Operation to capture Okinawa, 1945.
KING TWO: Operation to capture Leyte and the southern Philippines, 1944.
LANDGRAB: U.S. attacks on the Aleutian Island of Attu, May 1943.
LEATHERBACK: Code name for Woodlark Island.
LILLIPUT: Operation to defend Buna, 1942.
LOINCLOTH: Expedition by Chindits to sabotage the Mandalay railway line in
Burma,
February 1943.
MAGIC: Intelligence derived from interception and deciphering of Japanese
encoded radio
message.
MAGNETO: Code name for the Yalta portion of the Argonaut Conference.
MAILFIST: Recapture of Singapore, 1945.
MAINYARD: code name, not an operation name, for the island of Guadalcanal.
MANHATTAN: Code name for atomic bomb project.
MARS: Code name for the U.S. task force in the China-Burma-India theatre of
operations.
MASTERDOM : Allied occupation of French Indochina.
MASTIFF: Medical aid to liberated Japanese.
1953
MERIDIAN: British aircraft attacks on Japanese oil refineries, Sumatra, January
1945.
MICHAELMAS: Code name for the seizure of Saidor, New Guinea.
MIKE ONE: Plan for the invasion of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines.
MIKE TWO: Plan for the invasion of Dingalan Bay, Philippines.
MIKE THREE: Plan for the invasion of Vigan, Philippines.
MIKE FOUR: Plan for the invasion of Nasugbu and Balayan Bays, Philippines.
MIKE SIX: Plan for the invasion of Batangas and Tayabas Bays, Philippines.
MIKE SEVEN: Plan for the invasion of the Zambales coast, Philippines.
MUSKETEER: Plan for basic operation to liberate the Philippine Islands.
NEW GALAHAD: code name for American long-range penetration groups in
Burma.
OCTAGON: Code name for the Quebec Conference, September 1944.
OLYMPIC: The Contingency plan for the March 1946 invasion of the island of
Kyushu.
ORANGE: Pre-World War II war plan within the RAINBOW matrix for
unilateral conflict
between the United States and Japan; ORANGE 1 was approved in 1938,
ORANGE 3, April
1941.
PEACOCK: Shooting down of Admiral Yamamoto's Betty bomber over
Bougainville, May
1943.
PERSECUTION: Operation to capture Hollandia and Aitape, April 1944.
PESTILENCE: Offensive operation on Guadalcanal and in and around the
southern Solomon
Islands, July 1942.
PICADILLY: Code name the drop site for the Chindits, Burma.
POSTERN: Operation to capture Lae-Finschhofen-Madang, New Guinea.
PRINCETON: Plan for the reoccupation of the Visayas-Mindanao-BorneoDutch East Indies
area (later renamed MUSKETEER).
PROVIDENCE: Code name for the Plan to occupy the Buna area of New
Guinea by Australian
troops, July 1942.
QUADRANT: Code name for the Quebec Conference, August 1943.
RAVENOUS: Plan by IV Corps for the recapture of northern Burma.
RECKLESS: Operation to capture Hollandia, New Guinea, 1944.
RENO: General MacArthur's plan for an advancing along the northern coast of
New Guinea to
Mindanao in the Philippines.
RINGBOLT: operation to capture Tulagi,sub-task of WATCHTOWER.
ROGER: Codename for the capture of Phuket Island of the Kra Isthmus,
Burma.
ROMULUS: Arakan part of CAPITAL.
1954
ROOSTER: Operation to fly the Chinese 22nd Division to Chihchiang.
SAUCY: Limited offensive to reopen a land supply route from Burma to China.
SPOONER: Code name for new Zealand.
STALEMATE: Invasion of the Palaus.
STAMINA: Airlift of supplies to besieged British and Indian troops at Imphal,
April 1944.
SUMAC: Code name for Australia.
SYMBOL: Code name for the Casablanca Conference, January 14-23, 1943.
TALON: Retaking of Akyab in Burma, part of the plan CAPITAL.
TARZAN: India-based portion of the general offensive in Burma.
TED: Code name for a task force operating in the Aitape area of New Guinea.
TERMINAL: Code name for the Potsdam Conference, July 16 through August
2, 1945.
THURSDAY: Chindit operation in Burma, 1944.
TOENAILS: Operation to capture New Georgia.
TOREADOR: Airborne assault on Mandalay.
TORNADO: Operation to capture Wakde-Sarmi, 1944.
TRADEWIND: Operation to capture Morota, 1944.
TRIDENT: Code name for the Washington Conference, May 12-25, 1943.
TULSA: First outline plan by General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area, for
operations
aimed at the capture of Rabaul.
TWILIGHT: Plan to base B-29 Superfortress in the China-Burma-India Theatre
of Operations.
TYPHOON: Operation to capture Sansapor-Mar, New Guinea, 1944.
VICTOR I: Operation in Panay and Negros Occidental, Philippines, 1945.
VICTOR II: Operation in Cebu, Bohol, and Negros Oriental, Philippines.
VICTOR III: Eighth Army operation against Palawan, Philippines, 1945.
VICTOR IV: Eighth Army operation against the Sulu Archipelago and the
Zamboanga area of
Mindanao, Philippines, 1945.
VICTOR V: Eighth Army operations against western Mindanao.
WATCHTOWER: Operation to capture Guadalcanal and Tulagi (a part of
PERSECUTION),
1942.
WEDLOCK: Spurious U.S. plan to attack the Kurile Islands in northern Japan.
WHITE POPPY: Code name for Noumea, New Caledonia.
X: Code for Australia.
YOKE: Code word for all U.S. organizations working with Y-Force in the
China-Burma-India
Theatre of operation.
ZEBRA: Code word for U.S. sponsored Chinese division in east China.
ZIPPER: 1945 plan for the assault on Malaya.
1955
Japanese Code Names for Pacific Operations:
OPERATION A-Go (1944): attack on the American fleet off Saipan in
the Mariana Islands.
OPERATION AL (1942): - invasion of the Alaska’s Aleutian.
OPERATION Arashi (1945): air raid on Carolina Islands’ Ulithi Atoll.
OPERATION B (1941): invasion of Sarawak and British Borneo.
OPERATION B (1942): invasion of Burma.
OPERATION Ban-Go (1944): defensive at the Irrawaddy River in
Burma.
OPERATION C (1942): reconnaissance and raiding in the Indian Ocean.
OPERATION D (1942): invasion of the Andaman Islands.
OPERATION Dan-Go (1944): after the failed OPERATION: U-Go
offensive in India.
OPERATION E (1941): invasion of Thailand and Northeast Malaya.
OPERATION FS (1944): cancelled plan for capturing Fiji, New
Caledonia and Samoa to isolate Australia.
OPERATION FU (1941): invasion of French Indochina.
OPERATION Fu-Go (1944): aerial bombing of the United States using
balloons.
OPERATION H (1942): invasion of Ambon, Celebes, and Timor.
OPERATION Ha-Go (1944): plan to isolate and destroy Anglo-Indian
forces at Arakan in Burma. This action is the precursor to OPERATION
U-Go.
OPERATION I (1943): air raid against Allied advances on New Guinea
as well as Guadalcanal.
OPERATION Ichi-Go (1944): attack in Eastern China to link up
Northern China and French Indochina.
OPERATION J (1942): Japanese invasion of Java and the Dutch East
Indies.
OPERATION K (1942): Japanese reconnaissance and air raid on Pearl
Harbor.
OPERATION Ka (1942): Japanese plan to destroy the American fleet
and recapture Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
OPERATION Kan-Go (1944): defensive plan in Southern Burma.
OPERATION KE (1943): evacuation of Kiska Island in the Aleutian.
OPERATION KE (1943): evacuation of Kiska Island in the Aleutian.
1956
OPERATION Ken (1945) - plan to transport and land troops for a
suicide attack on American airfields located in the Mariana Islands.
(Cancelled).
OPERATION Ketsu-Go (1945): defensive plan against potential
American invasion of the Home Islands of Japan.
OPERATION Kikusui (1945): special attacks against American ships off
the coast of Okinawa.
OPERATION Kon (1944): defensive plan for Biak Island off New
Guinea.
OPERATION Kon-Go (1945): offensive against American ships using
manned torpedoes. (Cancelled).
OPERATION L (1942): landing in Palembang and Sumatra.
OPERATION M (1941): invasion of the Philippine Islands.
OPERATION MI (1942): invasion of Midway Island.
OPERATION MO (1942): invasion of Port Moresby on New Guinea’s
Southern Coast.
OPERATION Pokemon (1945): reconnaissance of Ulithi Atoll, Caroline
Islands; part of OPERATION: Arashi.
OPERATION R (1942): invasion of Rabaul on New Britain and Kavieng
on New Ireland.
OPERATION RO (1943): defensive plan against Allied attacks on
Rabaul, New Britain
OPERATION RY (1942): invasion of Nauru and Ocean Islands.
OPERATION Sho-Go (1944): defensive plan for American advances
toward Japan.
OPERATION Sho-I (1944): attack on the American fleet off Leyte,
Philippine Islands; part of OPERATION Sho-Go.
OPERATION Sho-II (1944): defensive plan for Formosa and the
Ryukyu Islands; part of OPERATION: Sho-Go.
OPERATION Sho-III (1944): defensive plan for Honshu, Island, Japan
Home Island; part of OPERATION: Sho-Go.
OPERATION Sho-IV (1944): defensive plan for Hokkaido, Island,
Japan Home Island; part of OPERATION: Sho-Go.
OPERATION SR (1942): invasion of Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea.
OPERATION T (1942): invasion of northern Sumatra.
OPERATION Ta (1943): attack on Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
OPERATION Ta (1944): attack on American forces at Cape Torokina at
Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
OPERATION Take-Ichi (1944): convoys to the Doberai Peninsula on
the Western edge of New Guinea.
OPERATION Tan 2 (1945): special attack mission against the Allied
anchorage at Ulithi, Caroline Islands.
OPERATION Tasumaki (1944): attack on Bougainville, Solomon
Islands.
1957
OPERATION Ten-Go (1945): naval attack against the American fleet
off Okinawa; alternate name of Operation Tenichi-Go.
OPERATION To-Go (1944): phase one of attacks in the Eastern China
region; part of OPERATION: Ichi-Go.
OPERATION U (1942): invasion of Burma.
OPERATION U-Go (1944): assault on Impal and Kohima in India.
OPERATION Z (1941): attack on Pearl Harbor.
OPERATION Ta (1944): attack on American forces at Cape Torokina at
Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
OPERATION Tan 2 (1945): special attack mission against the Allied
anchorage at Ulithi,
Caroline Islands.
OPERATION Kon-Go (1945): offensive against American ships using
manned torpedoes (Cancelled).
1958
COMMAND ORGANIZATION, SOUTH PACIFIC FORCES, August 1943
Source: United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
1959
Organization of South Pacific Air Forces, Solomon Islands, July 1943
Source: United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
1960
Command Organization, Southwest Pacific Area, July 1943
Source: United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
1961
JAPANESE HIGH COMMAND
Source: United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
1962
Organization of Japanese Forces, Southeast Area, July 1943
Source: United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
1963
Organization of Japanese Forces in Pacific and Southeast Asia, November
1943
Source: United States Army in World War II The War in the Pacific Strategy and Command: The First Two Years
1964
Japanese Special Attack Units Used in the War in the Pacific
During the War in the Pacific the Japanese Imperial Army and Navy used several
different types of Special Attack Units in an attempt to change the direction of a battle
in their favor but normally these units were formed for suicide missions. It is not
uncommon in warfare for a wounded soldier to try and take one or more of the
enemy with him. The most dramatic form of this is that of a combat pilot that is
flying a damaged aircraft or a plane low on fuel, with no hope of getting home
and/or not wanting to be at drift at sea alone, to dive into the enemy.
Japan has a history of ritual suicide known as Seppuku, also referred to as Harakiri, which was a privilege reserved by law for the Samurai warrior through the
honor code known as Bushido. This form of taking one’s life was used to avoid
the disgrace of being capture, as a mark of respect for one's lord, for act that has
brought dishonor to them or their family, to protest the action of a superior, or as
a form of punishment.
World War II in the Pacific Theater bore witness to the Japanese use of several
different types of Special Attack Units or suicide attacks by individual pilots,
charges by groups of soldiers, small one to two man submarines, swimmers,
rocket powered planes, divers, and/or by boats. Late in the war, as the tide of
war turned against the Japanese military the use of the most well known type of
Special Attack Units was the Kamikaze pilot. They would attempt to crash their
planes into Allied ships. The Kamikaze attack would kill the pilots and
hopefully cause extreme damage with a large loss of American lives or sink the
ship all the name of the Japanese Samurai Spirit, in accordance with the “one
person, one machine, one shell for a ship.” The Japanese believed with this
policy would cause the United States to negotiate for peace to save American
lives once they have seen the Japanese determination to fight to the last citizen.
Banzai Charge
The Banzai Charge was used throughout the Pacific War from Guadalcanal to
Okinawa. The charge would employed a group of Japanese soldiers attacking
Allied positions in a human-wave, sometimes using soldiers that are sick or
wounded, sometimes on crutches.
The largest Banzai charge took place at Saipan on July 7, 1944. The Japanese
garrison was reduced to 3,000 troops from the 30,000 at the beginning of the
1965
battle. They charged the U.S. lines at night, as most charges took place, and
killed over 400 American troops before the last man was wiped out. Those
Japanese that survived the charge would commit suicide to avoid capture out of
loyalty to the emperor and in the ancient Samurai code of Bushido.
Boats
The Shinyo or Sea Quake was a suicide boats driven by one man at speeds of
around 30 knots. They were part of the expanding Special Attack Units
developed to slow down or discourage the Americans. They were typically
equipped with two depth charges or a bow-mounted explosive. The Shinyo’s
mounted with depth charges were not meant to be used as a suicide boats. The
idea was for a driver to speed up to a warship and drops the depth charges as
close as possible to the side of the ship and then speed off before the depth
charges would go off.
Around 3,000 Maru-ni, Imperial Japanese Army version of the Shinyo, were
produced in World War II. 6,200 Shinyo’s were made for the Imperial Japanese
Navy. Around 400 suicide boats were shipped to Formosa and Okinawa, and the
rest were stationed around the Home water of Japan in preparation for the Allied
invasion to come.
Divers
Suicide divers called Crouching Dragons were also part of the Special Attack
Units. They were developed to attack the Allied invasion fleet once they were
in the Home waters of Japan. The divers would be armed with 33 pounds of
explosive, attached to 16 foot bamboo pole. They would be dressed with a
diving jacket, trousers, diving shoes, and a diving helmet. They would be
weighed down with 20 pounds of lead, and carried two bottles of compressed
air. The divers were to drop to a depth of 15 to 24 feet and then walk up to six
hours. Once under an enemy ship they stick the pole into the bottom of the hull,
blowing them up and sinking the vessel.
Kamikaze
The concept for crash-dive aircraft into American warships was conceived of by
Captain Motoharu Okamura, commander of the 341st Air Group of the Imperial
Japanese Navy. Captain Okamura felt such a suicide program using to dive
aircraft into warships was the only way to prevent a U.S. advance on the
Japanese Home Islands. He told Vice Admiral Takijiro Onishi in June 1944 at
a conference “Provide me with 300 planes, and I will turn the tide of the war.”
The first official suicide squad made up of twenty-four volunteers of the
Imperial Japanese Navy's 201st Air Group was on Leyte. They were referred to
as the Divine Wind Special Attack Force. The term Divine Wind, Kamikaze,
1966
was from the name given winds of a super-typhoon that destroyed the Mongol
fleet planning to invade Japan in 1274.
The Imperial Japanese Navy began organized suicide attacks against warships
on October 25, 1944, in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Before this date individual
Japanese pilots had routinely aimed their damaged aircraft at U.S. ships when
they had no hope of returning safely to their airfields or carriers.
The first U.S. ship to be hit by a member of the Divine Wind Special Attack was
the escort carrier St. Lo, when it was hit by a Zero. The St. Lo sunk in less than
an half an hour, with 100 crew members still on board. The escort carriers
Sangamon and Suwannee were also damaged by Kamikazes on October 25.
The Japanese sent more than 1,250 aircraft flown by volunteers on Kamikaze
attacks against U.S. warships during the battles for the Philippines, Iwo Jima,
and Okinawa. The pilots’ suicide planes sank 26 warships, including three escort
carriers, 13 destroyers, and a destroyer escort. The attacks also damaged
approximately 300 others ships. Approximately 3,000 American and British
sailors were killed in Kamikaze attacks, and another 6,000 were in juried.
Manned Torpedoes
The Kaiten was an Imperial Japanese Navy manned suicide torpedo. The word
Kaiten in Japanese means returning towards heaven. Research on the first
Kaiten began in February 1944. The first prototype, which was not more than a
type 93 torpedo engine compartment attached to a pilot's chamber with ballast
for trimming in place of the warhead and needed controls. The final model was
piloted by a single person and fitted with a self destruction control if an attack
failed or the impact did not detonate the warhead.
Kaitens were designed to be launched from the deck of a submarine, surface
ship, or from coastal installations as a coastal defense weapon. After trails the
submarine delivery method, was used in delivering the weapon. Specially
equipped submarines carried two to six Kaitens, depending on their class. There
was a narrow access tube connected from the submarine to the lower hatch of
the Kaiten. This allowed the pilot to enter from the submarine while still
submerged.
One drawback to using the weapon was it had a limited diving depth. This
factor limited the diving depth of the submarine used to deliver the Kaiten. This
factor caused eight submarines to be sunk while the Kaiten was credit with
sinking two enemy ships and damage several others.
Once an enemy ship was targeted the mother submarine moved as close as
possible. The Kaiten pilot was briefed, air bottles were charged and the cockpit
was ventilated. The pilot then entered the Kaiten, the gyroscope would be
programmed with bearing and depth and the pilot given his final briefing.
1967
The Kaiten left the mother submarine moved towards the targeted ship. Once
pilot felt that he was within range of the ship to be attacked the Kaiten move to
periscope depth and check his bearing, range, and make any adjustments if
necessary. The pilot submerged to attack depth, arm the warhead, and made the
final run to the target. If there was a missed of the targeted ship adjustments
would be made and another attempt would take place. If this procedure failed
the pilot would self destruction the craft.
On November 20, 1944 the Kikusui group launched the first Kaiten at Ulithi.
The fleet oiler Mississinewa was struck and sunk with the loss of over 60 crew
members. Two other ships American ships were credited to being sunk by
Kaitens during the war. The landing craft LCI-600 and the destroyer escort
Underhill.
15 Kaiten pilots died in training or accidents and 80 died on suicide missions.
Midget Submarines
The Kairyu or Sea Dragon was an Imperial Japanese Navy class of suicide
midget submarine designed in 1943-1944. These submarines were produced in
early 1945 to be used to meet the American invasion fleet as their approach
Tokyo.
Approximately 200 two-man suicide midget submarines were built and fitted
with an internal warhead out of the 760 that were planned.
Pulsejets
The Kawanishi Baika (Ume Blossom) was a pulsejet-powered Kamikaze aircraft
under development for the Imperial Japanese Navy towards the end of the
Pacific War however the surrender took place before any were built.
Rocket-Propelled Aircraft
The Ohka or Yokosuka MXY-7 Cherry Blossom was an Imperial Japanese
Navy suicide aircraft powered by rockets. American sailors called the aircraft
the Baka or the idiot bomb. The Ohka was carried by a mother bomber usually a
Mitsubishi G4M “Betty” or Nakajima G8N “Rita” to approximately 25 miles
from the American Fleet. The single pilot riding in the Ohka would separate
himself and his craft from the mother plane and glide towards the fleet. When
the pilot had selected his target ship he would ignite the rocket and dive in an
attempt to hit and destroy the ship. This type of approach was almost
unstoppable due to speeds of over 300 mph. This speed was its strength because
it made intercept by aircraft impossible, and very difficult to be shot down by
ship anti-aircraft defensive guns. The weakness was that the Ohka was
delivered to the contact area by a slow-moving prop-engine bomber which made
it very easy to shot down for U.S. fighters planes.
1968
Surface Special Attack Force (Operation Ten-Go)
On April 1, 1945, American forces make their initial landing on Okinawa. The
Imperial Japanese Navy organized a suicide mission codenamed Operation TenGo to support the Imperial Japanese Army on Okinawa. The Navy committed of
much of what was left Japan's remaining naval fleet. The super battleship
Yamato with her 18.1 inch main guns, cruiser Yahagi and eight destroyers would
sail from Tokuyama on Kyushu as the Surface Special Attack Force on April 6.
The Surface Special Attack Force was to sail on April 6 to Okinawa in junction
with a mass Kamikaze attack on the Allied fleet anchored around Okinawa. The
Surface Special Attack Force was lending support to this Kamikaze mission.
Then the Yamato would beach herself to become as an unsinkable artillery
platform and continue to fight until destroyed. Nonessential crew members
were to go ashore and join the military in attacking the Americans.
American cryptologist had already intercepted radio messages with the details of
the Yamato and her mission. U.S submarines Hackleback and Threadfin made
visual contact with the Surface Special Attack Force as they were sailing
through Bungo Strait that separates the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku with the
Pacific Ocean. The American carrier strike force was contacted with
information of the attack force position and make up by the submarines.
On April 7, 1945, American carrier bombers and torpedo planes begin three
separate attacks on the Japanese force causing the destruction of the Yamato.
United States Army Divisions
Airborne Division
11th Airborne Division: Formed 1943, served from June 1944 to the end
of the war.
503rd Parachute RCT: Formed 1942, served from December 1942 to the
end of the war.
Cavalry Division
1st Cavalry Division: Existing prior to 1940, served from December
1943 to the end of the war.
Infantry Divisions
1969
6th Infantry Division: Existing prior to 1940, served from January 1944
to the end of the war.
7th Infantry Division: Formed in 1940, served from May 1943 to the end
of the war.
12th Infantry Division: Formed as the Philippine Division and
surrendered at Bataan in April 1942.
23rd Infantry Division: Formed as the Americal Division in 1942, served
from October 1942 to the end of the war.
24th Infantry Division: Formed in 1941, served from April 1944 to the
end of the war.
25th Infantry Division: Formed in 1941, served from December 1942 to
the end of the war.
27th Infantry Division: Formed in 1940, served from June 1944 to the
end of the war.
31th Infantry Division: Formed in 1940, served from March 1944 to the
end of the war.
32nd Infantry Division: Formed in 1940, served from September 1942 to
the end of the war.
33rd Infantry Division: Formed in 1941, from December 1944 to the end
of the war.
37th Infantry Division: Formed in 1940, from July 1943 to the end of the
war.
38th Infantry Division: Formed in 1941, from December 1944 to the end
of the war.
40th Infantry Division: Formed in 1941, from April 1944 to the end of
the war.
41th Infantry Division: Formed in 1940, from January 1943 to the end of
the war.
43rd Infantry Division: Formed in 1941, from July 1943 to the end of
the war.
1970
77th Infantry Division: Existing prior to 1940, from 21 July 1944 until
15 March 1946
81th Infantry Division: Existing prior to 1940, from June 1944 to
January 1946
86th Infantry Division: Existing prior to 1940, transferred from Germany
after the surrender to the Philippines August 1945
93rd Infantry Division: Existing prior to 1940, the 93rd was a segregated
division which saw combat in the South Pacific from 1944 to the end of
the war
96th Infantry Division: Formed in 1942, served from October 1944 to
June 1945
97th Infantry Division: Formed in 1943, served from 1945 - March 1946
- only one of two divisions to serve in these two theatres
Source: Wikipedia. List of United States Army divisions during World War II.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_divisions_during_World_War_II
U.S. Army Divisions in the War in the Pacific
DIVISION
1st Cavalry
Hell for Leather
6st Infantry
Sightseeing Sixth
7th Infantry
Hourglass
Division
12th Infantry
11th Airborne
Angels
24th Infantry
Victory Division
25th Infantry
Tropic Lightning
32 Infantry
SOURCE
Regular
Army
Regular
Army
Regular
DAYS OF
COMBAT
CASUALTIES
CAMPAIGNS
521
4,055
306
2,370
New Guinea, Bismark Archipelago,
Leyte, Luzon, Southern Philippines
New Guinea, Luzon
208
9,212
52
79,500
204
2,431
260
7,012
260
5,432
654
7,268
Army
Regular
Army
Regular
Army
Regular
Army
National
Aleutian Islands, Leyte, Eastern
Mandates, Ryukyus, South
Philippines
Luzon
Leyte, Luzon, Occupation of
Japan
Central Pacific, New Guinea, South
Philippines, Leyte, Luzon
New Guinea, Luzon, Southern
Philippines
Papau. New Guinea, Southern
1971
Red Arrow
Division
33rd Infantry
Prairie
37th Infantry
Buckeye Division
40th Infantry
Sunshine Division
41st Infantry
Jungleers
43rd Infantry
Winged Victory
77 Infantry
Statue of Liberty
81st Infantry
Wildcat
96th Infantry
Deadeye Division
Americal Infantry
23rd Division
Guard
National
Guard
National
Guard
National
Guard
National
Guard
Regular
Army
Organized
Reserves
Organized
Reserves
Organized
Reserves
Regular
Army
139
2,426
Philippines, Luzon
New Guinea, Luzon
592
5,960
Northern Solomons, Luzon
265
3,025
380
4,260
370
6,026
260
7,461
166
2,314
200
8,812
600
4,050
Bismark Archipelago, Leyte, South
Philippines, Luzon
New Guinea, Luzon, southern
Philippines
Guadalcanal, Northern Solomons,
New Guinea, Luzon
Western Pacific, Southern
Philippines, Ryukyus
New Guinea, Western Pacific, Leyte
Southern Philippines
Ryukyus, Southern Philippines,
Leyte
Guadalcanal, Northern
Solomons, Southern Philippines
Casualties are number of killed in action, wounded in action, missing in action, and captured.
Source: History Shots. U.S. Army Divisions in World War II. www,historyshot.com
United States Marine Corps Divisions
1st Marine Division
2nd Marine Division
3rdMarine Division
4st Marine Division
5st Marine Division
6st Marine Division: created for the Okinawa campaign and the planned
invasion of the Japanese home islands, only Marine division to be
formed and disbanded overseas.
1972
Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army was not organized in the structure that western armies
used during World War II. The term army was used to designate a variety of
large military formations such as General Army, Area Army, and Army.
General Army
In the Imperial Japanese Army a General Army looked upon as the top level in
the structure of the military organization. A General Army is similar to an army
group in most western military language.
General Army Name
Kwantung
China Expeditionary
Southern Expeditionary Group
General Defense Command
First
Second
Air
Formed
1906
1939
1941
1941
1945
1945
1945
Area of Operation
Manchukuo
China
Southeast Asia, Southwest Pacific
Japanese Home Islands
Japanese Home Islands
Japanese Home Islands
Japanese Home Islands
Area Army
Army
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Area of Operation
China
China
Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo
1973
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22st
23rd
25th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
32nd
33rd
34th
35th
36th
37th
38th
39th
40th
41st
43rd
44th
50th
51st
52nd
53rd
54th
56th
57th
58th
China
China
China
China
China
Burma
Java
Solomon Islands
New Guinea
Dutch East Indies
China
China
China
China
Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra
Chishima Islands
Burma
Malaya, British
Manchukuo
Truk
Okinawa
Burma
Manchukuo
Philippines
Home Islands
Borneo
French Indochina
Thailand
Home Islands
Home Islands
China
Manchukuo
Home Islands
Home Islands
Home Islands
Home Islands
Home Islands
Home Islands
Home Islands
Korea
1974
59th
China Garrison
Mongolia Garrison
Home Islands
China
Inner Mongolia
Area Army Name
Formed
Area of Operation
1st Area Army
2nd Area Army
3rd Area Army
5th Area Army
6th Area Army
1942
1942
1942
1942
1944
7th Area Army
1944
8th Area Army
10th Area Army
11th Area Army
12th Area Army
14th Area Army
15th Area Army
16th Area Army
17th Area Army
18th Area Army
Eastern District Area Army
Shanghai Expeditionary
Army
Central China Area Army
Northern China Area Army
Western District Area Army
Southern China Area Army
Northern District Area
Army
Burma Area Army
1942
1944
1945
1945
1942
1945
1945
1945
1943
1923
Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Home islands
China
Malaya, Singapore,
Sumatra
New Guinea, Solomon
Islands
Taiwan
Home islands
Home islands
Philippines
Home Islands
Home Islands
Korea
Thailand
Home Islands
1937
1937
1937
1937
1940
China
China
China
Home Islands
China
1940
1943
Home Islands
Burma
1975
Army
In the Imperial Japanese Army the term Army corresponded to a western
military equivalent of a corps.
United States Loses on Sunday, December 7, 1941 at Pearl
Harbor
Casualties:
U.S. Army:
218 KIA
U.S. Navy:
2,008 KIA
U.S. Marine Corp: 109 KIA
Civilians:
68 KIA
TOTAL:
2,403 KIA
364 WIA
710 WIA
69 WIA
35 WIA
1,178 WIA
Battleships:
USS Arizona (BB-39) - Total loss when a bomb hit her magazine.
USS Oklahoma (BB-37) - Total loss when she capsized and sank in the harbor.
USS California (BB-44) - Sunk at her berth. Later raised and repaired.
USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Sunk at her berth. Later raised and repaired.
USS Nevada - (BB-36) - Beached to prevent sinking. Later repaired.
USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) - Light damage.
USS Maryland (BB-46) - Light damage.
USS Tennessee (BB-43) - Light damage.
USS Utah (AG-16) - (former battleship used as a target) - Sunk.
Cruisers:
USS New Orleans (CA-32) - Light Damage.
USS San Francisco (CA-38) - Light Damage.
USS Detroit (CL-8) - Light Damage.
USS Raleigh (CL-7) - Heavily damaged but repaired.
USS Helena (CL-50) - Light Damage.
USS Honolulu (CL-48) - Light Damage.
Destroyers:
USS Downes - (DD-375) - Destroyed. Parts salvaged.
USS Cassin - (DD -372) - Destroyed. Parts salvaged.
USS Shaw - (DD-373) - Very heavy damage.
USS Helm - (DD-388) - Light Damage.
1976
Minelayer:
USS Ogala (CM-4) - Sunk but later raised and repaired.
Seaplane Tender:
USS Curtiss (AV-4) - Severely damaged but later repaired.
Repair Ship:
USS Vestal (AR-4) - Severely damaged but later repaired.
Harbor Tug:
USS Sotoyomo (YT-9) - Sunk but later raised and repaired.
Aircraft:
188 Aircraft destroyed - (92 U.S.N. and 96 U.S. Army Air Corps.
Military Losses by Battle
Battle of:
Aleutian Islands
Anguar
Arawe
Bataan
Biak
Buna-Gona
Date
Wednesday, June 03, 1942
Sunday, August 15, 1943
Sunday, September 17, 1944
Saturday, September 30, 1944
Wed., December 15, 1943
Thursday, February 24, 1944
Wednesday, January 07, 1942
Thursday, April 09, 1942
Saturday, May 27, 1944
Thursday, June 01, 1944
Monday, November 16, 1942
Friday, January 22, 1943
Military Losses
Japan: 4,350
United States:
1,481
Japan: 1,338
United States: 260
Japan: 304
Australia/United
States: 118
Japan: 7,000
Philippines: 7,500
United States:
18,300
Japan: unknown
United States: 460
Japan: 6,100
Australia: 1,300
United States:
2,300
1977
Cape Gloucester
Corregidor
Corregidor
Eniwetok Atoll
Guadalcanal
Sunday, December 26, 1943
Saturday, April 22, 1944
Monday, February 16, 1942
Wednesday, May 06, 1942
Friday, February 16, 1945
Monday, February 26, 1945
Thursday, February 17, 1944
Thursday, February 24, 1944
Friday, August 07, 1942
Guam
Tuesday, February 09, 1943
Monday, December 08, 1941
Wed., December 10, 1941
Guam
Friday, July 21, 1944
Thursday, August 10, 1944
Hiroshima
Hong Kong
Humbolt Bay
Imphal
Iwo Jima
Monday, August 06, 1945
Monday, December 08, 1941
Thursday, December 25, 1941
Saturday, April 22, 1944
Tuesday, June 06, 1944
Wednesday, March 08, 1944
Monday, July 03, 1944
Monday, February 19, 1945
Monday, March 26, 1945
Kohima
Kokoda Track
Tuesday, April 04, 1944
Thursday, June 22, 1944
Tuesday, July 21, 1942
Monday, November 16, 1942
Japan: 1,000
Australia/USA:
310
Japan: 900
United States: 800
Japan: 6,600
United States: 207
Japan: 2,677
United States: 262
Japan: 23,800
United States:
1,592
Japan: 1
United States: 17
Japan: 18,250
United States:
1,747
Japan: 92,133
Average
British
Commonwealth:
2,113
Japan: 1,996
Japan: 3,300
United States: 152
British
Commonwealth:
17,000
Japan: 53,000
Japan: 21,844
United States:
7,721
British
Commonwealth:
4,062
Japan: 5,764
British Commonwealth &
USA: 625
Japan: 6,500
1978
Kwajalein Atoll
Leyte
Monday, January 31, 1944
Thursday, February 03, 1944
Friday, October 20, 1944
Luzon
Sunday, December 31, 1944
Tuesday, January 09, 1945
Wednesday, August 15, 1945
Malaya
Manchuria
Manila
Monday, December 08, 1941
Saturday, January 31, 1942
Thursday, August 09, 1945
Monday, August 20, 1945
Saturday, February 03, 1945
Saturday, March 03, 1945
Meiktila/Mandalay
Milne Bay
Friday, January 19, 1945
Thursday, March 29, 1945
Tuesday, August 25, 1942
Monday, September 07, 1942
Mindanao
Saturday, March 10, 1945
Wednesday, August 15, 1945
Nagasaki
Thursday, August 09, 1945
Noemfoor/Sansapor
Sunday, July 30, 1944
Thursday, August 31, 1944
Sunday, April 01, 1945
Thursday, June 21, 1945
Okinawa
Palawan
Peleliu
Wed., February 28, 1945
Sunday, April 22, 1945
Friday, September 15, 1944
Monday, November 27, 1944
Japan: 7,875
United States: 373
Japan: 49,000
United States:
3,504
Japan: 205,535
United States:
8,310
British
Commonwealth:
60,500
Japan: 5,171
Japan: 83,737
Russia: 8,219
Japan: 16,050
Filipino Citizens:
100,000
United States:
1,010
British
Commonwealth:
2,307
Japan: 6,513
Australia: 167
Japan: 625
United States: 14
Japan: 10,000
Filipino/USA: 820
Japan: 47,600
Average
Australia/USA:
100
Japan: 1900
Japan: 110,000
Citizens: 75,000
United States:
12,519
Japan: 900
United States: 12
Japan: 10,690
United States:
1,800
1979
Saipan
Thursday, June 15, 1944
Sattelberg
Wednesday, July 19, 1944
Wed., November 17, 1943
Thursday, November 25, 1943
Singapore
Tarakan
Tarakan
Tarawa
Tinian
Visayas
Sunday, February 08, 1942
Sunday, February 15, 1942
Sunday, January 11, 1942
Monday, January 12, 1942
Tuesday, May 01, 1945
Thursday, June 21, 1945
Saturday, November 20, 1943
Tuesday, November 23, 1943
Monday, July 24, 1944
Tuesday, August 01, 1944
Thursday, March 15, 1945
Sunday, July 15, 1945
Wakde-Sarmi
Wake Island
Wau
Wednesday, May 17, 1944
Friday, September 01, 1944
Monday, December 08, 1941
Tuesday, December 23, 1941
Saturday, January 23, 1943
Sunday, January 31, 1943
Japan: 29,000
United States:
3,426
Australia: 50
Japan: +/- 2,250
British
Commonwealth:
5,000
Japan: 4,485
Japan: 255
KNIL: +/-1,300
Allied Force: 251
Japan: 1,540
Japan: 4,983
United States:
1,695
Japan: 8,009
United States: 330
Japan: 14,300
Filipino
guerrillas/USA:835
Australia/United
States: 400
Japan: 4000
Japan: 820
United States: 122
Australia/United
States: 349
Japan: 1,200
1980
United States Serviceman Profile 1941-1945
11,535,000 (61.2%) men were drafted. 1
6,332,000 (38.8%) men and women were volunteers. 2
Out of the 17,955,000 of the men reporting for military duty 6,420,000 or 35.8%,
were turned down for either mentally or physical conditions. 3
11,535,000 (73%) were stationed overseas and served approximately 33 months out
of the country. Officers earned an average base pay of $203.50 while enlisted men
average monthly pay was $71.33. 4
116 out of 1000 (8.6%) men were killed in action and .003% or three men out of
1000 died of other causes. 56.5 men (17.7%) out of 1000 received non-combat
injuries. 5
Congress after Pearl Harbor passed a new Selective Service Act which removed
restrictions and extended the draft to men that were 18 to 38 years of age. The
average of a GI in the army or air force during the War in the Pacific was 26. The
average age of a U.S. Marine was between 17 and 21. 6
6,335,000 (38.8%) of enlisted men were assigned to noncombat rolls in rear echelon
areas. 7T
The typical serviceman was a product of the Great Depression, with two years
of high school. 8
U.S. serviceman was raised in a democratic society that stressed working
together as a community to accomplish goals. They fought for men in his unit,
for his Country, and for God. 9
1-5,7 Sources: World War II Almanac: 1931-1945. Robert Goralski. Bonanza Books, New York. 1984. P. 422.a
6, 8-9 Greatest Generation. The Myth of the Invincible Japanese Soldier. http://greatestgeneration.
tumblr.com/post/2786211635/the-myth-of-the-invincible-japanese-soldier
Japanese Serviceman Profile 1941-1945
era
Japanese serviceman thought of themselves as a superior race because historically
their country been a country that feared foreign cultures as well as being a racist
1981
culture. In accordance the military regarded everyone in contempt, and treated them
accordingly. The common soldier found an outlet after a life filled with suppression
and rigorously enforced obedience. The military of Japan during the 1930s and
1940s was barbaric and inhumane culture. The military was in control of the
government and they used a modified form of the Code of Bushido to brainwash and
control the ordinary soldier. Bushido was a centuries old moral code followed by the
ancient Samurai1 warriors that emphasized self discipline, righteousness, justice,
unselfishness, virtue, martial arts, and valued honor above life. Living by the
sword, dying by the sword.1 To surrender was showing dishonorable to the Emperor,
to the country and family. This was why most soldiers took their own lives rather
than be taken as a prisoner.
Before a Japanese man became a soldier he had already gone through of years of
military indoctrination and training starting in the third grade and continued through
high school from teachers that had been in the military.2
The expansion and modernization of the Japanese military through conscription
included recruiting the outcast, those who were the lower cast of society and
adjudged mentally inferior. Conscription in Japan affected the Code of Bushido and
therefore the Japanese Imperial Army; it took away the notion of the noble warrior
and it forced unwilling men into combat. 3
Officers were allowed to strike non-commissioned officers and non-commissioned
officers routinely struck the enlisted ranks.
Japanese soldiers were trained to never surrender and the Western virtue of mercy
had no place in his training and way of life.
In the Japanese social system, individualism has no place. Children are taught that,
as members of the family, they must obey their parents implicitly and, forgetting
their own selfish desires, help each and every one of the family at all times. This
system of obedience and loyalty is extended to the community and Japanese life as a
whole; it permeates upward from the family unit through neighborhood associations,
schools, factories, and other larger organizations, till finally the whole Japanese nation is
imbued with the spirit of self-sacrifice, obedience, and loyalty to the Emperor himself. 4
All eligible men between the ages of 17 to 40 were subject to recruitment for
military service. 5
Average Japanese soldier was about 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighed around 120 pounds. 7
The nominal term of service is 3 years. 8
Officers earned an average base pay of Y254.00 while enlisted men average
monthly pay was Y26.83. 9
1982
1.Answer.com. What is the Bushito Code of Japanese soldiers?
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_Bushito_Code_of_Japanese_soldiersAv
2 Fighting techniques of the Japanese Infantryman. Leo J. Daugherty.
http://books.google.com/books?id=aLilcBtI41EC&pg=PA7&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
3 Military History Online. com Bushido: The Valor of Deceit. Holly Senatore. http://www.militaryhistory
online.com/wwii/articles/bushido.aspx
5-6 Fighting techniques of the Japanese Infantryman. Leo J. Daugherty.
http://books.google.com/books?id=aLilcBtI41EC&pg=PA7&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
7-9 Hyperwar: Handbook on Japanese Military Forces. Chapter I Recuritment and Training.
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-1.html
Japanese War Dead 1941-1945
Imperial Japanese Army Dead by Country:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Australia:
China:
French Indochina:
Russia:
United Kingdom/Dutch:
United States:
Other causes overseas:
In the Home Islands:
199,511
202,958
2,803
7,483
208,026
485,717
23,388
10,543
1,140,429
Imperial Japanese Navy Dead:
414,879 (includes 8,000 in China)
1,555,308 total dead War in the Pacific (IJA and IJN)
IJA & IJN wounded and missing = 309,402
According to the Japanese Foreign Office the Russians held 347,000 military
personnel (IJA and IJN) and civilians after the war. The Russians claimed they held
61,855 military personnel and 214 collaborators (Chinese and Manchurian).
Imperial Japanese Army POWs held by the Allies: 30,000
1983
Imperial Japanese Navy POWs held by the Allies: 10,000
Imperial Japanese Army personnel that served: 6,300,000
Imperial Japanese Navy personnel that served: 2,100,000
Japanese citizens lost in the Home Islands: 393,400
American Military War Dead 1941-1945
U.S. Army ground forces:
U.S. Army Air Force:
Marines Corp:
U.S. Navy:
Total War in the Pacific:
40,382
10,406
19,733
31,485
102,006
Source: US combat deaths in War against Japan. http://siadapp.dior.whs.mil/personnel/C ... NCIPAL.pdf
American Civilian Deaths in War in the Pacific
Died in Japanese internment camps: 1,563
Merchant Marines:
4,000
Oregon balloon bomb:
6
68
Pearl Harbor attack:
5,637
Average Casualty Rates for U.S. Ground Combat Units
Killed in Action:
1.78
Wounded in Action: 5.50
Missing in Action:
.17
7.45
Allied Countries Military Casualties 1941-1945
1984
Dead or Missing
Wounded
Australia:
9,470
13,997
British:
5,670
12,840
India:
5,700
12,858
UNITED STATES MILITARY LOSSES WW II ALL
THEATHERS 1941-1945
Branch of Service
Killed in Action Wounded in
Action
Army & Army Air
Force
234,874
565,861
U.S. Marine Corp
19,733
67,207
Merchant Marine
6,833
U.S. Navy
36,950
37,778
574
432
U.S. Coast Guard
PRISONERS of WAR (Approximate numbers)
POWs
UNITED
STATES
BRITISH
DUTCH
JAPAN
11,600
Held by Allies
Held by Japan
15,000
108,000
22,000
1985
Average Caloric Intake of Japanese
Citizens per Day
1945
1944
1941-1943
1,680
1,900
2,000
1986
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Koshiro Oikawa. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koshir%C5%8D_Oikawa
Kotoku Sato. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sat%C5%8D
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Kuzma Nikolayevich Derevyanko. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzma_Derevyanko
Kuniaki Koiso. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso
Kuroda Shigenori, Lieutenant-General (1887–1954).
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Lewis B. Hershey. Director of Selective Service. Don Lavender, 33°.
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Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival.
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Lieutenant General Charles F.B. Price, USMC.
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Lieutenant Commander Edward H. ("Butch") O'Hare, USN, (1914-1943).
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2022
Lieutenant General Field . Harris – Deceased.
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Lieutenant General Francis H. Griswold
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Lieutenant-General Gerardus Johannes Berenschot
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Lieutenant General George E. Stratemeyer.
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Lieutenant General George Edward Stratemeyer.
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=dfl&GRid=17692539
Lieutenant General Hatazo Adachi, 1890-1947.
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_adachi_hatazo.html
Lieutenant-General Hitoshi Imamura
http://www.oocities.org/dutcheastindies/imamura.html
Lieutenant-General Hitoshi Imamura. http://www.oocities.org/dutcheastindies/imamura.html
Lieutenant General Hubert Reilly Harmon
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Lieutenant General Joseph May Swing. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jmswing.htm
Lieutenant General Joseph Smith .
http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/105612/lieutenant-general-joseph-smith.aspx
Lieutenant General Kenneth Bonner Wolf.
http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/105222/lieutenant-general-kennethbonner-wolfe.aspx
Lieutenant-General Masao Maruyama. http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/maruyama.html
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Royds Pownall. http://dutcheastindies.iblogger.org/pownall.html
Lieutenant General Sydney Fairbairn Rowell, KBE, CB. http://www.awm.gov.au/people/294.asp
Lieutenant General Sydney Fairbairn Rowell, KBE, CB.
http://www.kokodatreks.com/history/commanders/lieutenant-generalrowell.cfm
Linear particle accelerator. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_accelerator
Lockwood, Charles Andrew, Jr. (1890-1967).
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2023
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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma.
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Louis Mountbatten. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=104
Louisiana Maneuvers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers
Lt. Boyd D. "Buzz" Wagner On A Routine Flight Crashes To His Death. http://avstop.com/news/boyd.html
Lt. Col. Boyd "Buzz" Wagner. First USAAF Ace of WW2. By Stephen Sherman.
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Lt. Gen. Robert C. Richardson, Jr. http://www.usarpac.army.mil/history2/cg_richardson.asp
Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/ngbeyond/people/people7.html
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Maj. Gen. Alexander M. Patch.
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Maj. Richard Bong. http://www.af.mil/information/heritage/person.asp?dec=&pid=123006479
Major General Albert F. Hegenberger. 1895 – 1983. Developer of All-Blind Flight Control System.
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Major General Albert F. Hegenberger. http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5760
Major General Alexander Vandegrift, United States Marine Corps.
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Major General Caleb Vance Haynes. http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5750
Major General Charles W. Sweeney.
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Major General Charles A. Willoughby, Major General U.S. Army.
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Major General Clayton Barney Vogel. http://suvcw.org/mollus/pcinc/cbvogel.htm
Major General Cyril A. Clowes, 1882-1968.
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_clowes_cyril.html
Major General Davenport Johnson.
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2024
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Major General Ernest Moore. http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/106180/majorgeneral-ernest-moore.aspx
Major General George Alan Vasey, CB, CBE, DSO. http://www.awm.gov.au/people/330.asp
Major General Harry A. Johnson.
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Major General Harry Schmidt.
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Major General Haywood S. Hansell Jr. http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5693
Major General Henry C. Pratt. http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/105905/majorgeneral-henry-c-pratt.aspx
MAJOR GENERAL HOWARD CALHOUN DAVIDSON
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Major General Higuchi who saved the lives of 20,000 Jewish
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Major-General Kiyotake Kawaguchi.
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Major-General Richard Kerens Sutherland. Chief of Staff to Generaal Douglas MacArthur in
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Major General Robert W. Douglass Jr.
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2029
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2030
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Okabe Toru (1889-1961). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Okawa Shumei. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/426437/Okawa-Shumei
2031
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Old Japanese Navy Underground Headquarters. http://archive.scanwithstan.com/node/9391
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Opening Moves: Marines Gear Up for War. Marines in World War II
Commemorative Series by Henry I. Shaw, Jr.1991.
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Orde Charles Wingate. Major General, British Army. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/owingate.htm
Orde Wingate. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWwingate.htm
Orde Wingate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Wingate
Order of Battle, The Battle off Cape Engaño, 20-25 October 1944, Contributed by Eugene Cammeron.
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Original Navy Seabee: World War II veteran turns 100. http://www.dvidshub.net/news/printable/112866
Osami Nagano. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=16
Osami Nagano. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osami_Nagano
Oscar Charles Badger II. Admiral United States Navy. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/obadger2.htm
Osachi Hamaguchi. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osachi_Hamaguchi
Oscar Charles Badger II. Admiral United States Navy. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/obadger2.htm
OSS DETACHMENT 101. By Francis Russell of Time-Life Books.
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Ota Minoru (1891-1945). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Owada Noboru (1893-1960). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Owens, Ray L., Brigadier-General (1891 – 1948) (USAAF).
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2032
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The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia. Alexander, Harold Rupert Leofric George (1891-1969).
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The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia. Japanese China Area Fleet.
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The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia. Lo Cho-ying (1896-1961).
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Pacific Wrecks.com
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Peace Restored; the Surrender of Japan, September 2, 1945.
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Pendleton Air Museum. The Plan and the Man. http://pendletonairmuseum.org/doolittle04.html
Percival Arthur Ernest, Lieutenant-General (1887 – 1966).
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Philippe Petain (1856-1951). http://library.thinkquest.org/15511/data/encyclopedia/petainphilippe.htm
Philippe Pétain. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=120
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Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru (1878-1967).
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Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda. http://shelf3d.com/i/Prince%20Takeda%20Tsuneyoshi
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2033
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Project Liberty Ship. What is a Liberty Ship? http://www.liberty-ship.com/
Public-order crime. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_order
Pye, William Satterlee (1880-1959). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Queenland Government. WWII Historic Planes.
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R-20. http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/r1/r-20.htm
Radar Bulletin No. 1 (RADON) The Tactical Use of Radar.
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Raemer Schreiber.
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Raemer S. Schreiber. http://www.mphpa.org/classic/HF/Biographies%20-%20Men/schreiber.htm
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Raymond A. Spruance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_A._Spruance
R.E. Schreiber, 88, Nuclear Bomb Physicist. By ERIC PACE, Published: December 31, 1998.
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Rear Admiral Husband Edward Kimmel, USN, (1882-1968). http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/persus/uspers-k/h-kimml.htm
Rear Admiral Jessie Oldendorf, 1887-1972.
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Rear-Admiral Kakaji Kakuta. http://www.oocities.org/dutcheastindies/kakuta.html
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Rear-Admiral Raizo Tanaka. http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/tanaka.html
Rear-Admiral Ruitaro Fujita. http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/fujita.html
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2034
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Rear Admiral Thomas Withers, USN (ret.).
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Rear Admiral Thomas Withers.
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Rensuke Isogai. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensuke_Isogai
Reports of General MacArthur. Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area. Volume II-Part I.
Chapter VII. Threat to Australia: The Papua Offensive, Invasion of the Bismarcks.
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Richard Jaquelin Marshall, Major General, United States Army.
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Richard K. Sutherland. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_K._Sutherland
Richard Kerens Sutherland. Lieutenant General, United States Army.
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2035
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Rodion Malinovsky. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodion_Malinovsky
Roto Wing History. 1941-1945. Born of War.
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Sakaguchi Shizuo. The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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2036
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Scoones, Sir Geoffry Allen Percival, General (1893 – 1975) (Indian Army).
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Scouting Fleet. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting_Fleet
A Second Sun Rises, By Mike Bennighof, Ph.D. June 2007.
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Seiichi Ito. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiichi_It%C5%8D
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Senda Sadatoshi. The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Sengoku, Kotaro(1874 - 1950). http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/533.html
SENSUIKAN! Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Submarines. By Bob Hackett and Sander Kingsepp.
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Sent the Japs Reeling. US Battleship Destroys 32 Jap Planes in Fight.
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Sentaro Omori. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentar%C5%8D_%C5%8Cmori
Sentaro Omori. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=345
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2037
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Shaw. http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/s11/shaw-i.htm
Shelakhov, Georgii Akimovich, Lieutenant-General (1899 – 1987).
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Shigekazu Shimazaki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigekazu_Shimazaki
Shigematsu Sakaibara. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigematsu_Sakaib
Shigetaro Shimada. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigetar%C5%8D_Shimada
Shigeru Fukudome. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=174
Shigeru Fukudome. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigeru_Fukudome
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Shirgenori Togo. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWtogo.htm
Shigeyoshi Inoue. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigeyoshi_Inoue
Shima Kiyohide (1890-1973). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Shimizu Mitsumi (1888-1971). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Shintarō Hashimoto. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shintar%C5%8D_Hashimoto
Shinyo! http://www.combinedfleet.com/JapanEMB.htm
Ships and Tonage Sunk or Damaged in WW II by U.S. Submarines.
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Shiro Ishii. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Ishii
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2038
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Shunichi Matsumoto. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunichi_Matsumoto
Shunroku Hata. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=677
Shigeru Yoshida. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigeru_Yoshida
Sino-Japanese Air War 1937 – 1945. http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1938.htm
Sir John Greer Dill British Field Marshal, British Army. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jgdill.htm
Slim, Sir William Joseph (1891-1970). By Michael D. De B. Collins Persse.
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Smith vs. Smith, By Sharon Tosi Lacey. http://www.historynet.com/smith-vs-smith.htm
Smith, Ralph Corbett (1893-1998). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Sorties into Hell: The Hidden War on Chichi Jima (review). Stanley l. Falk.
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Sosaku Suzuki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%8Dsaku_Suzuki
South East Asia Under Japanese Occupation. http://www.cofepow.org.uk/pages/asia_sumatra4.htm
South Pacific. http://www.guykemper.com/bougainville.html
Spencer B. Akin. Major General, United States Army. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/sbakin.htm
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The Spy Who Doomed Pearl Harbor, by Edward Savela.
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SS Mariposa. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Mariposa
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Cosmopolitanism. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmopolitanism/
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2039
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St. Clair Streett. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1228881
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Streett, St. Clair, Major-General (1893 – 1970) (USAAF/USAF).
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Sturdee, Sir Vernon Ashton Hobart, Lieutenant-General (1890 – 1966).
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Sturdee, Sir Vernon Ashton Hobart (1890-1966), by James Wood.
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Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
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Sultan, Daniel I.
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2040
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Sydney Rowell. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Rowell
Tachibana Yoshio (1890-1946). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Tachibana Yoshio, Lieutenant-General. http://www.generals.dk/general/Tachibana/Yoshio/Japan.html
Tadamichi Kuribayashi. Contributor: C. Peter Chen. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=21
Tadamichi Kuribayashi. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadamichi_Kuribayashi
Takagi Takeo (1892-1944). The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia.
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Takeo Kurita. http://www.sarna.net/wiki/Takeo_Kurita
Takeo Kurita. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo_Kurita
Takeo Takagi. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=672
Takeo Takagi. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo_Takagi
Takeo Yoshikawa. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo_Yoshikawa
Takeo Yoshikawa. http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=534
By Takeo Yoshikawa, Former Ensign, Imperial Japanese Navy, with Lieutenant Colonel Norman Stanford,
USMC. http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1960-12/top-secret-assignment
Takeo Yoshikawa: World War II Japanese Pearl Harbor Spy.
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2042
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2044
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Vice Admiral Charles H. McMorris, U.S. Navy. 31 August 1890 - 11 February 1954.
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2045
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Vice Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson, USN, (1888-1946).
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Vice Admiral Wilder DuPuy BAKER, U.S.N.
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Vice Admiral William S. Pye, USN, (1880-1959).
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Victory Ships built by the U.S. Maritime Commission during World War II.
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2047
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2048
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World War II in Color. General Rensuke Isogai. http://www.ww2incolor.com/japan/Isogai_Rensuke.html
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2049
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The "Z Plan" Story Japan's 1944 Naval Battle Strategy Drifts into U.S. Hands.
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2050