Charting the Progress of Populations • United Nations Population Division
;$FFHVVWR6DIH:DWHU
,QWHUQDWLRQDOJRDOV
$OOFRXQWULHVVKRXOGJLYHSULRULW\WRPHDVXUHVWKDWLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIHDQGKHDOWKE\HQVXULQJDVDIHDQGVDQLWDU\OLYLQJ
HQYLURQPHQWIRUDOOSRSXODWLRQJURXSVWKURXJKPHDVXUHVDLPHGDWHQVXULQJDFFHVVWRFOHDQZDWHUSDUDRI,&3'
3URJUDPPHRI$FWLRQ
3URYLGLQJDFFHVVWRVDIHGULQNLQJZDWHULQVXIILFLHQWTXDQWLWLHVIRUDOOSDUDORI:66'3URJUDPPHRI$FWLRQ
(QVXUHWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIDQGXQLYHUVDODFFHVVWRVDIHGULQNLQJZDWHUDVVRRQDVSRVVLEOHSDUD[RI):&:3ODWIRUP
IRU$FWLRQ
3URPRWLQJDFFHVVIRUDOOSHRSOHWRVDIHGULQNLQJZDWHUDQGRWKHUEDVLFVHUYLFHVIDFLOLWLHVDQGDPHQLWLHVHVSHFLDOO\IRUSHRSOH
OLYLQJLQSRYHUW\ZRPHQDQGWKRVHEHORQJLQJWRYXOQHUDEOHDQGGLVDGYDQWDJHGJURXSVSDUDFRIWKH+DELWDW$JHQGD
,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHFRQIHUHQFHJRDOVDERYHLQWHUQDWLRQDOWDUJHWVIRUWKLVLQGLFDWRUKDYHEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGXQGHUWKHDXVSLFHVRIWKH
:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQ7KH*OREDO6WUDWHJ\RI+HDOWKIRU$OOE\WKH<HDUVHWDWDUJHWRISHUFHQWE\WKH\HDU
7KHPRUHUHFHQW1LQWK*HQHUDO3URJUDPPHRI:RUNIRUHVWDEOLVKHVDWDUJHWRISHUFHQWE\WKH\HDU
7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO'ULQNLQJ:DWHU6XSSO\DQG6DQLWDWLRQ'HFDGHZDVSURFODLPHGE\WKH*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\LQ
,WZDVDOVRDFRPSRQHQWRIWKH:+2*OREDO6WUDWHJ\RI+HDOWKIRU$OOE\WKH<HDU
7KH:RUOG6XPPLWIRU&KLOGUHQDQGWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV&RQIHUHQFHRQ(QYLURQPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWDOVRDGRSWHGJRDOVRQ
XQLYHUVDODFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU
'(),1,7,21
$FFHVVWRVDIHZDWHULVPHDVXUHGE\WKHSURSRUWLRQRISRSXODWLRQZLWKDFFHVVWRDQDGHTXDWH
DPRXQWRIVDIHGULQNLQJZDWHUORFDWHGZLWKLQDFRQYHQLHQWGLVWDQFHIURPWKHXVHU·VGZHOOLQJ8QGHU
WKH:+281,&()-RLQW0RQLWRULQJ3URJUDPPHWKHZRUGVLQLWDOLFVZHUHGHILQHGDWWKH
FRXQWU\OHYHO´$FFHVVµLVLQWHUSUHWHGDVDFWXDOXVHE\WKHSRSXODWLRQ
5(&(176,78$7,21
7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO'ULQNLQJ:DWHU6XSSO\DQG6DQLWDWLRQ'HFDGHHQYLVDJHG
DV LWV SULPDU\ JRDO WKH DWWDLQPHQW RI IXOO DFFHVV WR ZDWHU VXSSO\ DQG WR VDQLWDWLRQ E\ DOO
LQKDELWDQWVLQWKHGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVE\WKH\HDU,QLWLDWLYHVWDNHQGXULQJWKH'HFDGH
VXFFHHGHG LQ SURYLGLQJ DFFHVV IRU DQ DGGLWLRQDO ELOOLRQ SHRSOH WR VDIH ZDWHU VXSSOLHV
:+281,&()7KHVLJQLILFDQWSURJUHVVPDGHGXULQJWKHVLVFRQVLGHUHGWREH
&KDUWLQJWKH3URJUHVVRI3RSXODWLRQV
$FFHVVWR6DIH:DWHU
GXHWRWKHUHGLVFRYHU\DQGLPSURYHPHQWRIYDULRXVVLPSOHDQGORZFRVWZDWHUDQGVDQLWDWLRQ
WHFKQRORJLHVDQGWKHSURPRWLRQRIFRPPXQLW\SDUWLFLSDWLRQ<HWDODUJHSURSRUWLRQRIWKH
ZRUOG·V SRSXODWLRQ VWLOO OLYH ZLWKRXW DFFHVV WR VDIH ZDWHU RQ ZKLFK KHDOWK DQG SURGXFWLYH
FDSDFLW\GHSHQGVHHILJ;
2IFRXQWULHVZLWKGDWDDYDLODEOHLQWKHOHVVGHYHORSHGUHJLRQVWKHPDMRULW\RIWKH
SRSXODWLRQODFNDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHULQSHUFHQWWDEOH;DQGILJ;$VLPLODUSHUFHQWDJH
RIFRXQWULHVKDYHDFKLHYHGRUDUHFORVHWRDFKLHYLQJWKHJRDORIXQLYHUVDODFFHVV7KHVLWXDWLRQ
LQWKHOHDVWGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHVLVPXFKPRUHVHULRXV,QKDOIRIWKHOHDVWGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV
WKHPDMRULW\RISRSXODWLRQOLYHZLWKRXWDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU
,QFRQWUDVWWRWKHRWKHUOHVVGHYHORSHGUHJLRQVLQ/DWLQ$PHULFDDQGWKH&DULEEHDQRQO\
RQHFRXQWU\+DLWLKDVDFFHVVEHORZSHUFHQWDQGDURXQGWKUHHTXDUWHUVRIWKHFRXQWULHVKDYH
DFFHVVRISHUFHQWRUPRUH,QDURXQGSHUFHQWRIWKH$IULFDQFRXQWULHVKRZHYHUWKH
PDMRULW\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQODFNVDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU,Q$VLDDQG2FHDQLDOHVVWKDQRQHILIWK
RIWKHFRXQWULHVKDYHVXFKOLPLWHGDFFHVV
)LJXUH;VKRZVWKHSHUFHQWDJHVKDUHRISRSXODWLRQZLWKDQGZLWKRXWDFFHVVWRVDIH
ZDWHU7KHEDVHSRSXODWLRQLQFOXGHVRQO\WKRVHLQWKHOHVVGHYHORSHGUHJLRQVDQGZLWKGDWD
DYDLODEOH$ERXWSHUFHQWRIWKHSRSXODWLRQLQWKHFRXQWULHVLQFOXGHGGRQRWKDYHDFFHVVWR
VDIHZDWHUZKLFKDPRXQWVWRDERXWELOOLRQSHRSOH7KHRWKHUSHUFHQW³ELOOLRQ
SHRSOH³DUHHVWLPDWHGWRKDYHDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU
)LJXUH;3HUFHQWDJHRISRSXODWLRQZLWKDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU
6RXUFH81,&()7KH6WDWHRIWKH:RUOG·V&KLOGUHQ1HZ<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
127((VWLPDWHVDUHQRWSUHVHQWHGIRUFRXQWULHVRUDUHDVZLWKSRSXODWLRQVXQGHU&RXQWULHVLQWKHPRUHGHYHORSHG
UHJLRQVDUHDVVXPHGWRKDYHDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHUDWPRUHWKDQSHUFHQW
&KDUWLQJWKH3URJUHVVRI3RSXODWLRQV
$FFHVVWR6DIH:DWHU
7DEOH;'LVWULEXWLRQRIFRXQWULHVDFFRUGLQJWRSHUFHQWDJH
RISRSXODWLRQZLWKDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU
Percentage of countries with access to safe water
Number of countries
90
per
cent or
more
70-89
per cent
50-69
per cent
Less
than 50
per cent
Total
24
26
25
25
100
117
141
7
7
37
49
100
41
45
Africa
14
12
32
42
100
50
53
Asia and Oceaniaa
31
33
19
17
100
42
57
Latin America and the Caribbean
32
44
20
4
100
25
31
Less developed regions
Least developed countries
With data
available
Total
6RXUFH81,&()7KH6WDWHRIWKH:RUOG·V&KLOGUHQ1HZ<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
127(([FOXGHVFRXQWULHVDQGDUHDVZLWKSRSXODWLRQVXQGHU'XHWRURXQGLQJWKHVXPRIWKHVXEFDWHJRULHVPD\QRW
EHHTXDOWRSHUFHQW
([FOXGLQJ-DSDQ$XVWUDOLDDQG1HZ=HDODQGZKLFKDUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHPRUHGHYHORSHGUHJLRQV
D
6RXUFH81,&()7KH6WDWHRIWKH:RUOG·V
&KLOGUHQ1HZ<RUN2[IRUG
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
100
Access to safe water (percentage)
)LJXUH;3HUFHQWDJHRI
SRSXODWLRQZLWKDFFHVVWR
VDIHZDWHUE\
FRXQWU\UDQNLQJDQGUHJLRQ
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Africa
Asia and
Oceania
Latin America
and
the Caribbean
10
Country ranking
127(%DUVVKRZOHYHORIDFFHVVWRVDIH
ZDWHUIRULQGLYLGXDOFRXQWULHV
&KDUWLQJWKH3URJUHVVRI3RSXODWLRQV
$FFHVVWR6DIH:DWHU
)LJXUH;'LVWULEXWLRQRISRSXODWLRQLQ
WKHOHVVGHYHORSHGUHJLRQVE\DFFHVV
WRVDIHZDWHU
6RXUFH81,&()7KH6WDWHRIWKH:RUOG·V&KLOGUHQ1HZ
<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
127()RUFRXQWULHVZLWKGDWDRQDFFHVVWRVDIHZDWHU
UHSUHVHQWLQJSHUFHQWRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ
RIWKHOHVVGHYHORSHGUHJLRQV
6285&(62)'$7$&29(5$*($1'48$/,7<
'DWDDUHFROOHFWHGE\WKH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQDQGWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV&KLOGUHQ·V
)XQG XQGHU WKHLU -RLQW 0RQLWRULQJ 3URJUDPPH DQG DUH SXEOLVKHG LQ WKH :DWHU 6XSSO\ DQG
6DQLWDWLRQ6HFWRU0RQLWRULQJ5HSRUWVHULHVDQXSGDWHGUHYLHZZLOOEHUHOHDVHGLQ7KHPRVW
UHFHQWGDWDFXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHDSSHDULQ7KH6WDWHRIWKH:RUOG·V&KLOGUHQ81,&()
'DWDDUHDYDLODEOHIRUGHSHQGLQJRQWKHFRXQWU\DQGIRUFRXQWULHVRUDUHDV
SHUFHQWRIWKHFRXQWULHVLQWKHOHVVGHYHORSHGUHJLRQV'DWDIRUVHYHUDOFRXQWULHVLQWKHPRUH
GHYHORSHGUHJLRQVDUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHDQQH[
0RVWFRXQWULHVKDYHDYDULHW\RIGDWDVRXUFHVIURPZKLFKWRHVWLPDWHZDWHULQGLFDWRUV
VXFKDVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHUHFRUGVSRSXODWLRQFHQVXVHVDQGKRXVHKROGVXUYH\V+RZHYHUDUHYLHZ
E\:+281,&()RIWKHZDWHUGDWDLQGLFDWHVFRQVLGHUDEOHYDULDWLRQLQQDWLRQDOHVWLPDWHVRYHU
D VKRUW SHULRG RI WZR \HDUV RU OHVV VXJJHVWLQJ WKDW WKH HVWLPDWHV DUH VRPHWLPHV EDVHG RQ
XQFHUWDLQGDWD:+281,&()
7KH FULWLFDO HOHPHQWV RI WKH ZDWHU LQGLFDWRU DUH ´DGHTXDWHµ ´VDIHµ DQG ´FRQYHQLHQW
GLVWDQFHµVLQFHKRZWKH\DUHGHWHUPLQHGZLOODIIHFWWKHHVWLPDWHVRIFRYHUDJH$FRPPRQ
DSSURDFKRIFHQVXVHVLVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHVRXUFHRIZDWHUEXWQRWDOZD\VVSHFLILFDOO\IRUGULQNLQJ
ZDWHU:KLOHWKHW\SHRIVRXUFHLVRIWHQXVHGWRDVVHVVZKHWKHUWKHVXSSO\LV´VDIHµLWLVUDUHWR
ILQGTXHVWLRQVZKLFKSURYLGHLQIRUPDWLRQRQ´DGHTXDWHDPRXQWµDQG´FRQYHQLHQWGLVWDQFHµ
ZKLFK DUH GLVWLQFW LQ WKH VHQVH WKDW WKHUH PD\ EH DFFHVV WR ZDWHU EXW LW LV QRW QHFHVVDULO\
FRQYHQLHQWWRIHWFKLWRZLQJWRGLVWDQFH
+RXVHKROGVXUYH\VJHQHUDOO\KDYHPRUHIOH[LELOLW\WRLQFOXGHDGGLWLRQDOTXHVWLRQV%XWWKLV
IOH[LELOLW\IUHTXHQWO\OHDGVWRVXUYH\TXHVWLRQVZKLFKGLIIHUDFURVVVXUYH\VUHVXOWLQJLQGLIIHUHQW
HVWLPDWHVRIZDWHUFRYHUDJHHYHQIRUWKHVDPHJHRJUDSKLFDODUHDDQGWLPHSHULRG)RUWKH
FXUUHQWLQGLFDWRUGHILQLWLRQVRIWKHFULWLFDOFRQFHSWVDUHGHWHUPLQHGDWWKHFRXQWU\OHYHO:KHQ
QRGHILQLWLRQLVDYDLODEOHDWWKHFRXQWU\OHYHOWKHIROORZLQJGHILQLWLRQVIURP:+2EPD\
EHXVHG
&KDUWLQJWKH3URJUHVVRI3RSXODWLRQV
$FFHVVWR6DIH:DWHU
D$FFHVVWRZDWHU,QXUEDQDUHDVDGLVWDQFHRIQRWPRUHWKDQPHWUHVIURPDKRPHWRD
SXEOLFVWDQGSRVWPD\EHFRQVLGHUHGUHDVRQDEOHDFFHVV,QUXUDODUHDVUHDVRQDEOHDFFHVVLPSOLHV
WKDWDSHUVRQGRHVQRWKDYHWRVSHQGDGLVSURSRUWLRQDWHSDUWRIWKHGD\IHWFKLQJZDWHUIRUWKH
IDPLO\·VQHHGV
E$GHTXDWHDPRXQWRIZDWHUOLWUHVRIVDIHZDWHUSHUSHUVRQSHUGD\
F6DIHZDWHU:DWHUWKDWGRHVQRWFRQWDLQELRORJLFDORUFKHPLFDODJHQWVGLUHFWO\GHWULPHQWDO
WR KHDOWK ,W LQFOXGHV WUHDWHG VXUIDFH ZDWHU DQG XQWUHDWHG EXW XQFRQWDPLQDWHG ZDWHU IURP
SURWHFWHGVSULQJVERUHKROHVVDQLWDU\ZHOOVHWF
G&RQYHQLHQWGLVWDQFH,QXUEDQDUHDVWRIHWFKOLWUHVRIVDIHZDWHUSHUSHUVRQSHUGD\
PHWUHVZRXOGEHDUHDVRQDEOHGLVWDQFHIURPWKHKRPH
)25)857+(5,1)250$7,21
&KLHI
:DWHUDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO6DQLWDWLRQ6HFWLRQ
8QLWHG1DWLRQV&KLOGUHQ·V)XQG
7KLUG$YHQXH
1HZ<RUN1<
8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD
)DFVLPLOH
,QWHUQHWKWWSZZZXQLFHIRUJVWDWLV
'LUHFWRU
'HSDUWPHQWIRU3URWHFWLRQRIWKH+XPDQ(QYLURQPHQW
:DWHU6DQLWDWLRQDQG+HDOWK
:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQ
&+*HQHYD
6ZLW]HUODQG
)DFVLPLOH
,QWHUQHWKWWSZZZZKRLQWZDWHUBVDQLWDWLRQBKHDOWK
5()(5(1&(6
81,&()7KH6WDWHRIWKH:RUOG·V&KLOGUHQ1HZ<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\
3UHVV
8QLWHG1DWLRQV,QGLFDWRUVRI6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW)UDPHZRUNDQG0HWKRGRORJLHV6DOHV
1R(,,$
:+2D7KH:RUOG+HDOWK5HSRUW*HQHYD
BBBBBBE&DWDORJXHRI+HDOWK,QGLFDWRUV*HQHYD
:+281,&():DWHU6XSSO\DQG6DQLWDWLRQ6HFWRU0RQLWRULQJ5HSRUW*HQHYD
BBBBBB:DWHU6XSSO\DQG6DQLWDWLRQ6HFWRU0RQLWRULQJ5HSRUW*HQHYD
&KDUWLQJWKH3URJUHVVRI3RSXODWLRQV