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IV. Words Derived From Latin
I
111
LATIN PREFIXES-I
CHAPTER IV
1. PREFIX: a, ab
WORDS DERIVED FROM LATIN
English began incorporating Latin words into its vocabulary
nearly two thousand years ago and is still doing so today.
This process started when the Latin-speaking Romans occupied
Britain, approximately 75-410 A.D. It resumed less than two cen­
turies later when, in 597, the Roman monk St. Augustine brought
Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons, and with it the Holy Scrip­
tures in Latin.
But Latin had no major impact on English until 1066, when the
Normans conquered England. The Normans spoke French, a
Romance language, i.e., a language developed from the language
of the Romans. French, which is 85 percent descended from Latin,
was England's official language for two hundred years after the
Norman Conquest. The language of the Normans gradually
blended with the Anglo-Saxon spoken by the common people
to form English. In the process, a considerable number of Latin
words were incorporated into English indirectly, by way of
French.
Later, a considerable number of other words came into English
directly from Latin itself. From the Renaissance, in the six­
teenth century, to the present day, as English-speaking authors
and scientists have needed new words to express new ideas, they
have been able to form them from Latin (or Greek).
It is no wonder, then, that more than 50 percent of the vocab­
ulary of English is directly or indirectly derived from Latin.
To boost your word power, study the common Latin prefixes
and roots presented in this chapter. Each of them, as the follow­
ing pages will show, can help you learn a hoard of useful En­
glish words.
110
MEANING:
away, from
SAMPLE WORDS:
avert (turn away), abduct (lead from)
2. ad to admit (grant entrance to) 3. ante before anteroom (a room before another) 4. hi
two
bicycle (a vehicle having two wheels)
5. circum
around
circumnavigate (sail around)
6. con (col, com, cor)
together, with
conspire (plot together or with), colloquy (a talking to­
gether; conference), compose (put together), correspond
(agree with; communicate with by exchange of letters)
7. contra
against
contradict (speak against; deny)
8. de
from, down
deduction (a conclusion drawn from reasoning), demote
(move down in rank)
9. dis
apart, away
disrupt (break apart), dismiss (send away)
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extraordinary (beyond the ordinary)
between
interrupt (break between; stop)
15. intra
within
intramural (within the walls; inside)
1m tlr
.;
113
I~
11. extra
beyond
14. inter
.
Remember: You are to write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper. Do not make any marks
in this book.
emit (send out; utter), expel (drive out)
13. in (ii, im, ir)
in, into, on
inject (throw or force in), illuminate (direct light on; light
up ), import (bring into one country from another), irrigate
(pour water on)
t
IV. Words Derived From Latin
10. e, ex
out
12. in (ii, im, ir)
not
insignificant (not significant), illegal (not legal), immoral
(not moral), irregular (not regular)
._ _, . , 7
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1. For each Latin prefix in column I, write the letter
of its correct meaning in column II.
COLUMN I
COLUMN II
1. contra
2. ante
3. de
4. extra
5. a, ab 6. in (ii, im, ir)
7. bi
8. intra
9. dis
10. e, ex
11. ad
12. inter
13. circum
14. con (col, com, cor)
(A) within
(B) between
( C) in; into; on
(D) from; down
(E) out
(F) against
(G) around
(H) beyond
( I) apart; away
( J) to
( K) together
(L) before
(M) two
( N) away; from
EXERCISE 2. Replace the italicized word in I with a Latin pre­
fix which, when added to II, will form the complete word de­
fined in III. (As an example, the answer to question 1 is in­
tangible.)
I
IT
III
1. not + TANGIBLE
not able to be touched
2. against + VENE
go against or contrary to
3. out
HALE
breathe out
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Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
4. down
5. to +
+
MOTE
HERE
6. together
+
reduce to lower rank
stick to
7. from + NORMAL
8. around + SCRIBE
=
=
gather together; assemble
deviating f,-om the normal
GREGATE ":77''7'
it'S m U' ••. '1;1 In I: II" '7i'
7'
IV. Words Derived From Latin
=
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115
LATIN PREFIXES-II
16. PREFIX: ob
MEANING:
against
SAMPLE WORDS: obloquy (a talking against; censure)
write or draw a line aro,und; en­
17. per
circle; limit
through, thoroughly
9. between + CEDE
go between arguing parties; me­
perennial (lasting through the years; enduring), pervert
diate
(thoroughly turn from the right way; corrupt)
10. two + SECT = cut into two parts
18. post
11. beyond + MURAL = occurring beyond the walls
after
belonging to the period before
12. before + DILUVIAN
postwar (after the war)
the Biblical Flood; there­
19. pre
fore, very old
before
13. within + VENOUS = within a vein
premonition (a warning before; forewarning)
14. apart + PEL = drive apart; scatter
20. preter
15. in + FUSE = pour in; fill; instill
beyond
preterhuman (beyond what is human)
16. down + SCEND = climb down
17. beyond
+
from +
apart +
+
SENSORY 18. apart
SECT
19.
SOLVE
20.
PUTE
=
=
=
beyond the scope Of the senses
cut apart
loose from; release from
think apmt (differently from others);
argue
21. pro
forward
progressive (moving forward)
22. re
again, back
revive (make alive again), retort (hurl back; reply sharply)
23. retro
backward
1'etrogression (act of moving backward)
24. se
apart
secede (move apart; withdraw)
25. semi
half
semicircle (half of a circle)
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IV. Words Derived From Latin Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 3. For each Latin prefix in column I, write the letter
of its correct meaning in column II.
COLUMNl
1. semi
2.ob
3. sub
4. trans
5. vice
6. tlltra
7. super
8. re
9. pro
10. post
11. se
12. pre
COLUMN II
(A)
( B)
( C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
( I)
( J)
(K)
( L)
against beyond; exceedingly again; back
before
after
half
apart
under
in place of
above
forward
across; through
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•
117
EXERCISE 4. Replace the italicized word in I with a Latin pre­
fix which, when added to II, will form the complete word defined
in III. (As an example, the answer to question 1 is Vice-chairman.)
26. sub
under
submerge (put under or plunge into water)
27. super
above
supernatural (above what is natural; miraculous)
28. trans
across, through
transcontinental (extending across a continent), transmit
(send through)
29. ultl'a
beyond, exceedingly
ultraconservative (exceedingly conservative)
30. vice
in place of
vice-president (officer acting in place of the president)
'"111111 '111'''1
I
1. in place of
"
II
+
CHAIRMAN
III
person acting in place of
a chairman
2. half + ANNUAL - occurring every half year
3. under
VERT = turn under; undermine
4. apart
CLUDE = shut or keep apart; isolate
5. above
SEDE = sit above; take the place of; replace
6. forward
MOTE = move forward; raise in rank
7. against + DURATE hardened against; unyielding;
stubborn
8. through + lENT = going through (not staying); short­
lived
9. against + STRUCT pile up (an obstacle) against;
hinder
10. back + CALCITRANT = kicking back; rebellious
11. after: + PONE = put after; defer; delay
12. exceedingly + NATIONALISTIC = exceedingly na­
tionalistic
13. before + REQUISITE
required before; necessary as
a preliminary
14. backward + ACTIVE
acting backward; effective in
a prior time
15. through + MEA TE = pass through
16. again + SUME = take up or begin again
17. thoroughly + TURB disturb thoroughly; agitate
18. beyond + NATURAL = beyond what is natural
19. apart GREGATE = set apart; gather into separate
groups
20. under MARINE
used or existing under the sea's
sUrface
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IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
HINT: -tract means "drag," "draw"
REVIEW
EXERCISE 5. Using your knowledge of Latin prefixes and the
hints given below, write the basic meanings of these fifty English
words. (The answer to question 1 is carry back.)
31. protract
32. subtract
33. distract
HINT: -duce means "lead," "draw"
HINT: -port means "carry"
1. report
2. import
3. transport
4. deport
5. export
9. project
10. inject
HINT: -cede or -ceed means "go"
41. intercede
42. proceed
43. secede
14. inscribe
15. subscribe
44. exceed
45. recede
, " "b'
HINT : -fer means ,carry,
ring,""bear"
HINT: -scribe means "write"
n. superscribe
12. transcribe
13. prescribe
39. deduce
40. reduce
36. seduce
37. induce
3B. produce
HINT: -jed means 'throw"
6. interject
7. eject
B. object
34. retract
35. detract
46. transfer
47. prefer
4B. refer
49. infer
50. defer
HINT: -pel means "drive"
16. dispel
17. propel
lB. expel
HINT: -yoke means "call"
21. evoke
22. convoke
23. provoke
24. revoke
25. invoke
HINT: -mit means "send"
26. permit
27. admit
2B. transmit
LATIN ROOTS
19. impel
20. repel
29. emit
30. remit
k" "burst"
1• RUn : "brea,
WORD:
abrupt :d-'br:dpt
MEANING:
1. broken off
2. sudden
corrupt k:d-'r;Jpt
1. changed from good to bad; vicious
2. change from good to bad; debase; pervert; falsify
disrupt dis-'rdpt
break apart
119
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Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
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7
IV. Words Derived From Latin
erupt i-'r;)pt
burst or break out
infanticide in-'fant-;)-,sid
act of killing (or killer of) an infant
incorruptible ,in-kd-'rdp-t;)-hd!
inflexibly honest; incapable of being corrupted or bribed
insecticide in-'sek-t;)-,sid
preparation for killing insects
interrupt ,int-;)-'r;)pt
break into or between; hinder; stop
matricide 'ma-tr;)-,sid
act of killing (or killer of) one's own mother
rupture 'rdp-ch;)(r)
1. break; breaking
2. hostility
patricide 'pa-tf;)-,sid
act of killing (or killer of) one's own father
EXERCISE 6. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 1, rupt.
1. The simmering antipathy between the rival groups may
into open combat.
2. The star's withdrawal from the cast took the producer
by surprise.
3. Both sides had faith in the judge's honesty, for he was known
to be -?-.
4. Many homes were flooded as a result of a(a11) -?- in a water
main.
5. Please don't
me when I am speaking on the telephone.
2. CIDE: "killing," "killer"
fratricide 'fra-tr;)-,sid
act of killing (or killer of) one's own brother
genocide 'jen-;)-,sid
deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
germicide 'j;n-m;)-,sid
substance that kills germs
homicide lham-;)-,sid
killing of one human by another
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121
pesticide 'pes-t;)-,sid
substance that kills rats, insects, bacteria, etc.
regicide 'rej-;)-, sid
act of killing (or killer of) a king
sororicide s;)-'ror-;)-,sid
act of killing (or killer of) one's own sister
suicide 'sii-;)-,sid
act of killing (or killer of ) one's self
tyrannicide .t;)-'ran-;)-.sid
act of killing (or killer of) a tyrant
EXERCISE 7. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 2, cide.
1. Friends of the victim doubted that he had taken his own life,
for they could think of no reason for his committing -?-.
2. The assailant was told that he would be charged with
if his victim were to die.
3. To prevent the extermination of minorities, the United Na­
tions voted in 1948 to outlaw -?-.
4. Claudius, in Shakespeare's HAMLET, is guilty of -?-, for he
has slain his brother.
5. The attempt at
failed when the king's would-be assas­
sins were arrested outside the palace.
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Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
3. STRING (STRICT): "bind," "draw tight"
astringent d-'strin-j;lI1t
1. drawing (the tissues) tightly together
2. stem; austere
3. substance that shrinks tissues and checks How of qlood by
contracting blood vessels.
boa constrictor 'bo-d bn-'strik-td(r)
snake that "constricts" or crushes its prey in its coils
constrict bn-'strikt
draw together; bind
restrict ri-'strikt
keep within limits; confine
stricture 'strik-chd(r)
an adverse criticism; censure
IV. Words Derived From Latin
123
4. VOR: "eat greedily"
carnivorous kar-'niv-d-rdS
flesh-eating
devour di-'vau-d(r)
1. eat greedily or ravenously
2. seize upon and destroy
herbivorous ,dr-'biv-d-rds
dependent on plants as food
insectivorous ,in-,sek-'tiv-d-rds
dependent on insects as food
omnivorous am-'niV-d-ras
1. eating everything
2. fond of all kinds, as an omnivorous reader
stringent 'strin-jdnt
strict (literally, "binding tight"); rigid; severe
voracious v6-'ra-shdS
1. greedy in eating
2. insatiable, as a voracious reader
unrestricted ,dn-ri-'strikt-dd
1. not confined within bounds; free
2. open to all
EXERCISE 9. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 4, vor.
EXERCISE 8. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 3, string (strict).
1. All residents enjoy - ? - use of the pool, except children
under 16, who must leave at 5 P.M.
2. Unless you
your remarks to the topic On the Hoor, the
chairman will rule you "out of order."
3. Shavers use a styptic pencil or some other to check the
bleeding of minor cuts.
4. Jean Valjean's sentence of five years at hard labor for stealing
a loaf of bread seems an unusually
punishment.
5. If you interpret a minor criticism as a major -?-, you are
being hypersensitive.
1. Spiders are _?_; their principal food is insects.
2. Have you ever watched a ravenous eater - ? - a sandwich in
two or three gulps?
3. The diet of the _?_lion includes the zebra, antelope, buffalo,
and ostrich.
4. Since man's foods are obtained from both plants and animals,
he may be described as a(an) - ? - organism.
5. The rabbit is -?-, eating grass, vegetables, and even the
bark of trees.
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Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
5• VIV: '" lVe,,."a I'lve,.
IV. Words Derived From Latin
125
6. TORT (TORS): "twist"
convivial k;m-'viv-e-;;ll
fond of eating and drinking with friends; jovial; hospitable
contortionist k;;ln-'tor-sh;;l-n;;lst
person who can twist his body into odd postures
revive ri-'viv
bring back to life; restore
distort dis-'tort
twist out of shape; contort; falsify
survive s;;lr-'viv
outlive; remain alive after
extort ek-'stort
wrest (money, promises, etc.) from a person by force (literally,
"twist out")
vivid 'ViV-;;ld
I, full of life
2. sharp and clear; graphic
vivify 'ViV-;;l-,fi
enliven; make vivid
vivisection ,viV-;;l-' sek-sh;m
operation on a living animal for scientific investigation
EXERCISE 10. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 5, vivo
1. A business must eliminate waste if it is to
in a competi­
tive market.
2. When fashion designers can offer no new styles, they usually
- ? - old ones.
3. By proper use of verbs and adjectives, you can turn a dull de­
scription into a
one.
4. David Copperfield found a warm welcome in the
Peg­
gotty family.
5. A few inexpensive art reproductions, cleverly arranged, can
-?- an otherwise drab wall.
retort ri-'tort
reply quickly or sharply in kind (<<twist back")
torsion 'tor-sh;;ln
act of twisting; twisting of a body by two equal and opposite
forces
tortuous 'torch-;;l-W;;lS
1. full of twists or curves; winding, as a tortuous road
2. tricky; crooked
torture 'tor-ch;)(r)
1. wrench; twist
2. inHict severe pain upon
EXERCISE 11. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 6, tort (tors).
1. The captured officer knew that the enemy would use clever
means to - ? - military secrets from him.
2. It is very easy to -?- an author's ideas if you quote them out
of context.
3. When I ask my brothers to help with the chores, they usually
that they have no time.
4. The -?- amazed us by his ability to throw his body into
extraordinary postures.
5. Near its mouth, the Mississippi winds among numerous swamps
in a(an) -?- course to the Gulf of Mexico.
ad
126
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
7. VICT (VINC): "conquer," "show conclusively"
convict k~m-'vikt
1. prove guilty; show conclusively to be guilty 'k1in-,vikt 2. person serving a prison sentence
convince k<in-'vins
persuade or show conclusively by argument or proof
evict e-'vikt
1. expel by legal process, as to evict a tenant
2. oust
evince e-'vins
show clearly; disclose
invincible in-'vin-s~-b~l
incapable of being conquered
vanquish 'valJ-kwish
overcome in battle; conquer
victor 'vik-t~(r)
winner; conqueror
IV. Words Derived From Latin
127
8. FRACT (FRAG): "break"
fraction 'frak-sh:m
one or more of the equal parts of a whole; fragment
fractious 'frak-sh~s
apt to break out into a passion; cross; irritable
fracture 'frak-ch~(r)
1. break or crack
2. breaking of a bone
fragile 'fraj-~l
easily broken; frail; delicate
fragment 'frag-m;mt
part broken off
infraction in-'frak-sh~n
act of breaking; breach; violation, as an infraction of a law
refract ri-'frakt
bend (literally, "break back") a ray of light, heat, sound, etc.,
from a straight course
refractory ri-'frak-t~-re
reSisting; intractable; hard to manage, as a f'efractory mule
EXERCISE 12. Complete each sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 7, viet (vine).
EXERCISE 13. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 8, fract (frag).
1. Stadium police are empowered to - ? - any spectator who
creates a disturbance.
shook hands with the loser.
2. Mter the match, the
3. Students who -?- a talent for writing should be encouraged
to contribute to school publications.
4. It is difficult to -?- a biased person that he is wrong, no
matter how much evidence you may present.
5. For the past two seasons our swimming team has been _?_,
having been neither beaten nor tied.
1. Glassware and other -?- materials require special packaging
to prevent breakage.
2. Though the motorist protested that he had committed no
-?-, he was charged with failure to stop at a "full stop"
sign.
3. X-ray diagnosis disclosed that the child had sustained no
- ? - in his fall.
4. If I could find the one missing -?-, I would be able to re­
store the broken vase.
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IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
129
5. The teacher said that I should have reduced the - ? - %2
to %.
5. To the ancient Egyptians, the sun god Re was -?-, having
created all that exists or will exist.
9• OMNI: "11""
a, every," " everywh
ere"
10. FLEeT (FLEX): "bend"
omnibus 'am-ni-bdS
1. covering many things at once, as an omnibus bill
2. bus
3. book containing a variety of works by one author, as a Ter­
hune omnibus
omnifarious lam-nd-'far-c-;,s
of all varieties, forms, or kinds
omniHc am-'llif-ik
all-crea ting
deflect di-'£lekt
turn ("bend") aside
flex '£leks
bend, as to flex a limb
flexible '£lek-sd-bdl
pliable ("capable of being bent"); not rigid; tractable
flexor '£lek-sd(r)
muscle that serves to bend a limb
omnipotent am-'nip-dt-dnt
unlimited in power; almighty
genuflect 'jen-Yd-,£lekt
bend the knee; touch the right knee to the ground, as in wor­
ship
omnipresent ,am-ni-'prez-:>nt
present everywhere at the same time
inflexibility in-,£lek-sd-'bil-dt-e
rigidity; firmness
omniscient am-'nish-dnt
knowing everything
reflect ri'£lekt
l. throw ("bend") back light, heat, sound, etc.
2. think
omnivorous am-'niv-;,-rdS
l. eating everything
2. fond of all kinds, as an omnivorous reader
EXERCISE 14. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 9, omni.
1. I cannot answer all questions, since I am not
2. With his magic lamp, Aladdin was -?_, for no feat was be­
yond his power.
'
3. Because of its - ? - uses, a boy scout knife is indispensable
equipment for a camping trip.
4. Having received several desirable invitations for the same
evening, I regretted that I could not be
reflex 're-,£leks
involuntary response ("bending back") to a stimulus; for ex­
ample, sneezing is a reflex
EXERCISE 15. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 10, fleet (flex).
1. The secretion of tears, as when a cinder enters the eye, is a(an)
-?-, since it is beyond our control.
2. Copper tubing is easy to shape but much less ?- than rub­
ber hose.
3. Unable to catch the line drive, I managed to
the ball
toward the infield, holding the batter to a single.
,,,-,,,, ",,!~l':,:~:'f:'~~~~':~'~:'::.!!....::'\"
130
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
4. Obedient subjects were expected to when admitted to
the presence of an absolute monarch.
5. Only in one respect does our teacher show _?_: lle will mark
you late if you are out of your seat when the bell rings, regard­
less of the circumstances.
11. TEN (TIN, TENT): "hold," "keep"
detention di-'ten-sh;;m
act of keeping back or detaining
impertinent
1. not pertinent; inappropriate
2. rude
pertinacious ,p;;,rt-On-'a-sh;;,s
adhering firmly to a purpose or opinion; very persistent
pertinent 'p;;,rt-~I1-;;,nt
having to do with ("holding to") the matter in hand
retentive ri·'tent-iv
tenacious; able to retain or remember
retinue 'ret-3 n-.yii
group of followers accompanying a distinguished person
tenacity t;;,-'nas-;;,t-e
firmness in holding fast; persistence
tenancy 'ten-;;,n-se
period of a tenant's temporary holding of real estate
tenure 'ten-Y;;'I
period for which an office or position is held, as: "U.S. Supreme
Court Justices enjoy life tenure."
untenable ,dn-'ten-d-bdl
incapable of being held or defended
"
1'1
,~
:' ,~
,,,,~,,,\,~t~"·:,,,,,
,~'~,
___~,"~" __.'::: ""'.......
"~""
___ .",.,".
_''':::''_~::z:::':' ," ..
IV. Words Derived From Latin
-~:::!~:~!!:::!.~~
131
EXERCISE 16. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 11, ten (tin, tent).
1. The
of a member of the House of Representatives is
only two years.
2. Retreating from their - ? - coastal positions, the rebels sought
a more defensible foothold in the hills.
3. Since we are talking about the coming Thanksgiving Day
dance, I fail to see how your question about the French test
can possibly be
4. Though she can't recall names, Sylvia has a(an) - ? - memory
for faces.
5. The star was accompanied by a ( an )
of admirers.
12. MON (MONIT): " warn"
admonish ad-'man-ish
warn of a fault; reprove
admonition ,ad-m;;,-'nish-;;'l1
gentle reproof; counseling against a fault or error
admonitory ad-'man-;;'-,tor-e
conveying a gentle reproof
monitor 'man'-dt-d(r)
one who admonishes
monument 'man-y;;'-111;;,nt
a means of reminding us of a person or event; for example, a
statue or a tomb
premonition Ipre-ma-'nish-;;'l1
forewarning
premonitory pre-'man-g-,tor-e
conveying a forewarning
EXERCISE 17. Complete each sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 12, man (manit).
1. Had I heeded Bob's
to review my class notes, I would
have done much better on the test.
~
'J
'\""'~iM'
iiI
.....,~
'." "c" iI.'
,,-... ,,-.,~"".,
132
IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
2. I must
you that you will be unable to vote if you fail
to register.
3. Some people think that an early autumn snowstorm is a(an)
- ? - of a severe winter, but you really can't tell in advance.
4. A ( An) - ? - was erected in the village square in memory of
the local men who fell in World War II.
5. The approach of the storm was signaled by a low, -?­
rumbling from the distant hills.
....
133
3. Several prominent citizens have applied for a - ? - to com­
pel the mayor to publish the budget, as required by law.
4. The coach said that attendance at today's practice session is
_?_; no one may be excused.
5. Since the prisoner's retrial resulted in a verdict of "guilty," the
judge was therefore obliged to - ? - him to the state pen­
itentiary.
14. CBED (CREDIT): "believe"
13. MAND (MANDAT): "order," "command," "commit"
countermand 'kaunt-dr-,111anu
issue a contrary order
mandate 'man-,diit
1. authoritative command
2. territory administered by a trustee (supervisory nation)
mandatory 'man-ud-,t6r-e
obligatory; required by command
remand ri-'mand
send ("order") back; recommit, as to a prison
writ of mandamus 'rit; man-'dii-mds
written order from a court to enforce the performance of some
public duty
EXERCISE 18. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 13, mand (mandat).
1. The reelected candidate regarded his huge popular vote as
a
from the people to continue the policies of his first
term in office.
2. When the captain heard of the lieutenant's ill-advised order to
it.
retreat to the hills, he hastened to
accredit ~'kred-dt
1. accept as worthy of belief
2. provide with credentials
credence 'kred-:;lS belief credentials kri-'den-shdlz documents, letters, references, etc., that inspire belief or trust credit 'kred-dt belief; faith; trust credulous 'krej-d-lds too ready to believe; easily deceived creed 'kred summary of principles believed in or adhered to discredit dis-'kred-dt
1. cast doubt on; refuse to believe
2. disgrace
incredible in-'kred-;:l-b;:ll not believable incredulity ,in-kri-'u(y)ii-ldt-e disbelief ''''',' "")j'l<hW,:,r$O;h;";.'
134
,J
..
,,,,,,,<;,",,,,",,,.,~,,,,~.,.. ,,~"'1,"_'c,,,,;,.,,,,,,,,,,~,,,,,"~;:":~ !1jl!M!!~""''''''''~~-'"""'r''''''~''l''",~~,,,~,tf'''''i'1t'''~~:::'!''!!I!!!!Ii.!!i:!l'flll'
IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
perfidy 'p;>r-fad-e
violation of a trust; treachery; faithlessness
EXERCISE 19. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 14, cred (credit).
1. His unsportsmanlike behavior brought -P- not only upon
EXERCISE 20. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 15, fid.
himself, but also upon his team.
2. On the test I showed
negligence by completely over­
looking a twenty-point question.
3. After showing his -P- as an F.B.I. agent, he was given a
confidential file on the suspect.
4. Gerald is too -?-; he will believe anything a salesman may
tell him.
5. Mother received the announcement of her winning the door
prize with a look of baffled -?_.
1. Tom's disclosure of our club's secrets to an outsider is unfor­
givable -?-.
2. Marie looks upon her cousin Nancy as a(an)
with whom
she can freely discuss her personal problems.
3. At first, new motorists are usually nervous but, with added
driving experience, they become more
4. Our English teacher recommended a particular translation of
the ODYSSEY because of its c~ose -?- to the originaL
5. Sybil was very - ? - as she mounted the platform, even
though she knew her speech by heart.
15. FID: «faith," «trust"
confidant 'kan-f;>-,dant
(confidante, if a woman) one to whom secrets are entrusted
REVIEW
confident 'kan-f;>d-;mt
having faith in oneself; self-reliant; sure
EXERCISE 21. On your answer sheet write the complete word
that fits the definition. As a hint, the number of missing letters is
indicated in parentheses. (For example, the answer to question
1 is disrupt.)
confidential .kan-f;)-'den-sh;>l
communicated in trust; secret; private
diffident 'dif-;>d-;>nt
lacking faith in oneself; timid; shy
fidelity £;>-'del-;>t-e
1. faithfulness to a trust or vow
2. accuracy, as of a recording
fiduciary f;)-'d(y)ii-she-,er-e
held in trust; confidential
infidel 'in-f;)d-Ol
one who does not accept a particular faith; an unbeliever
perfidious p;>r-'fid-e-;)s
false to a trust; faithless
135
DEFINITION
t
1. break asunder
2. germ-killing substance
3. part broken off
4. faithfulness to a trust
5. one who conquers
6. Hesh-eating
7. issue a contrary order
8. forewarning
9. muscle that serves to bend a limb
10. readiness to believe on slight
evidence
WORD
(3) + RUPT
G (4) CIDE
FRAG + (4)
FID + (5)
VICT + (2)
(5) VOR (3)
(7) + MAND
(3) MONIT (3)
FLEX + (2)
CRED + (5)
136
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
11. snake that crushes (constricts) its
prey
12. bring back to life 13. adhering finnly to a purpose or opinion
14. present everywhere at the same time
15. throw (bend) back heat, light,
sound, etc.
16. greedy in eating 17. breaking of a bone
lB. show conclusively by proof
19. killing of a human by another
20. documents inspiring trust
BOA (3) STRICT (2)
(2) VIV (I)
(3) TIN (6)
OMNI +
(2) + FLECT
VOR
(6)
FRACT + (3)
(3) VINC (I)
(4) + CIDE
(7)
CRED
EXERCISE 22. For each Latin root in column I, write the letter
of its correct meaning in column II.
COLUMN I
1. CIDE
2. VOR
3. FLECT (FLEX)
4. TORT (TORS) 5. OMNI
6. VICT (VINC) 7. TEN (TIN, TENT)
B. MAND (MANDAT)
9. FID
10. FRACT (FRAG, FRANG)
11. VIV 12. MON (MONIT) 13. CRED (CREDIT)
14. STRING (STRICT)
COLUMN II
( ~ live; alive
break
(~) order; command;
commit
~ bind; draw tight
(~) faith; trust
.eN.) wal:n
~) killing; killer
~KJ believe
~) conquer; show
conclusively
~) bend
('K) eat greedily
«) twist
(M) hold; keep
(~ all; every; everywhere
(N
IV. Words Derived From Latin
137
EXERCISE 23. On your answer sheet write the letter of the word
( or set of words) which, if inserted in the sentence, would agree
most closely with the thought of the sentence.
1. At the afternoon performance the trainer found his favorite
elephant refractory, rather than _?_.
(A) unmanageable
( D) uncooperative
(B) stubborn (E) resisting
( C) tractable
2. Harvey believes he is omniscient, but we are not particularly
impressed by his -?-.
(A) power (D) personality
( B) knowledge
( E) appearance
(C) manners
3. The promise had been extorted and, like all promises grow­
ing out of -?-, it was -?-.
(A) ignorance ... per(D) compulsion ... unreliable
fidious
( E) friendship ... dependable
(B) haste ... untenable
(C) rumor ... false
as its victim.
4. An act of regicide always has a
(A) rebel (D) prime minister
(B) general ( E) monarch
( C) president
5. I usually admonish my brother for distorting facts, but Mother
seldom
him.
(D) praises
(A) reproves (B) encourages
( E) supports
(C) remands
6. An omnibus bill deals with legislation on - ? - problems.
(A) economic
(D) transportation
(B) many (E) few
(C) minor
7. The rapid withdrawal of your hand from the Harne was a
reflex, not a(an) - ? - reaction.
(A) protective
( D) natural
(B) dangerous
( E) voluntary
( C) involuntary
138
IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
8. The author read the critics' - ? - with incredulity; they were
too laudatory to be
( D) encomiums ... believed
(A) censures ... heeded
( B) strictures ... ignored (E) rebukes ... answered
(C) admonitions ... chal­
lenged 9. It is advisable to take along plenty of sandwiches because
hungry hikers are
eaters.
(A) admonitory
( D) heterogeneous
(B) abstemious
( E) voracious
( C) omnifarious
10. No one would dare to offer a bribe to an official who has
shown himself extraordinarily
(A) incorruptible
(D) retentive
(B) invincible
(E) convivial
( C) credulous
EXERCISE 24. Each word or expression in column I has an
ANTONYM (opposite) in column II. On your answer sheet write
the letter of the correct ANTONYM.
COLUMN I 1. clear of guilt
2. victorious
3. not required
4. perish 5. of one kind
6. believer
7. extremely ignC'lllJlt
8. conceal
9. loosen
10. true to a trust
COLUMN II
(A)
(B)
(C)
( D)
(E)
(F)
( G)
(H)
( I)
( J)
survive
evince
convict
constrict
infidel
omniscient
vanquished
omnifarious
perfidious
mandatory
139
EXERCISE 25. Write the letter of the word NOT RELATED in
meaning to the other words in each group.
1. (A) controllable
(B) tractable
(C) refractory
(D) obedient
( E) manageable
2. (A) gay
(B) convivial
(C) festive
(D) inhospitable
(E) jovial
3. (A) inhuman
(B) tortuous
(C) winding
(D) curving
(E) bending
4. (A) hasty
(B) abrupt
( C) restricted
( D) unexpected
(E) sudden
5. (A) delicate
(B) weak
(C) feeble
(D) fragile
( E) fractious
6. (A) trustworthy
(B) accredited
( C) credible
(D) believable
( E) incredulous
7. (A) disclosed
( B) revealed
(C) shone
(D) evinced
( E) displayed
8. (A) satiable
(B) ravenous
(C) voracious
( D) devouring
(E) greedy
9. (A) stringent
(B) inflexible
(C) pliable
(D) rigid
(E) firm
10. (A) distorted
(B) corrupted
( C) admorlished
(D) contorted
(E) falsified
~!t "<~,,"j '1_'
140
IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
EXERCISE 26. On your answer sheet write the letter of the word
that has most nearly the SAME MEANING as the italicized word.
1. Fragile flower
(A)
(B)
2. Cling tenaciously
( A)
(B)
3. Beyond credence
( A)
(B)
4. Omnipotent ruler
(A)
(B)
5. Mandatory increase
(A)
(B)
6. SurpIising impertinence (A)
(B)
7. Breach of trust
(A)
(B)
8. Unvanquished foe
(A)
(B)
9. In a fiduciary capacity ( A)
(B)
10. Refused to genuflect
(A)
(B)
fragrant
broken
stubbornly
dangerously
detention
doubt
almighty
wise
deserved
required
firmness
unreliability
atmosphere
testing
defeated
exhausted
confidential
special
admit
kneel
( C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
( C)
( D)
colorful
frail
hopefully
.timidly
belief
recall
cruel
greedy
temporary
substantial
impatience
rudeness
breaking
abundance
treacherous
unbeaten
professional
important
cooperate
disclose
EXERCISE 27. Write the letter of the word that best completes
the analogy.
1. Matricide is to mother as genocide is to
(A) uncle
( C) race
(E) general
( D) tyrant
( B) countIY
2. Flesh is to carnivorous as grass is to
(A) omnivorous
( C) vegetarian
(E) agricultural
(B) insectivorous ( D) herbivorous
3. Fraction is to whole as follower is to
(A) creed
( C) tenure
(E) torsion
(B) retinue
(D) fragment
141
·4. Reservation is to cancel as directive is to
(A) command
( C) flex
(E) countermand
(B) proclaim
(D) demand
5. Orphan is to guardian as mandate is to
(E) commission
( A) victor
( C) trustee
(B) monitor
(D) confidant
EXERCISE 28. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from the vocabulary list below. (Hint: For a clue
to the missing word, study the italicized expression.)
VOCABULARY UST
evict
tortuous
regicide
tenure
omnipotent
fratricide
mandate
fractious
evince
infraction
omnivorous
confidential
vivisection
genocide
extort
1. Every tyrant who considers himself unlimited in power
will learn sooner or later that he is not -?-.
2. To prevent the deliberate extermination of racial 01' cultural
groups, the United Nations has made - ? - an international
crime.
3. When you send a letter of a private nature to an executive,
" on the envelope.
it is advisable to write the word "
4. If a teacher is quick to oust one of the unruly pupils as an
example to the rest, she may not have to - ? - anyone else
for the rest of the lesson.
5. Herbert is apt to break into a passion if he disagrees with
you; his - ? - disposition makes him hard to get along with.
6. In some communities, persons opposed to the performance of
research operations on living animals have joined anti--?­
leagues.
7. Since you dislike driving on winding roads, avoid the Inter­
borough Parkway, which is extremely -?-.
~V')~1Ji~i~"iI"~!f<t.~,,",,:· "' ' "' ~:' ' ' ~;!' ' ' ~' !' ' ' ' '<' i"'l' .'Ii~!M;i!~1I:~!,!'l!i II.!_.".j_Ili!J!l:!!I!!!!!@~·$M:-m"'·f;r$"<'·'--j"''''.''!!'··i~'C''t".,·"N,~,.::t\!!!:w.,..".,
••
142
. .·.<·;'!jftj!!\lI_("fl m
IV. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
143
EXERCISE 29. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
8. Cain's slaying of his brother Abel is regarded as the first in­
ate word selected from group 16, grato
stance of -?-.
9. The period for which office is held is not the same for all
1. I would consider myself a( an) - ? - if I failed to express my
Congressmen: members of the Senate serve for six years, but
gratitude to those who have helped me.
members of the House have a much briefer -?-, only two
2. Some restaurants charge for a second cup of coffee, but others
years.
provide it -?-.
10. Dad has never received a summons for a seriou's traffic viola­
3. Dad was so pleased with the service that he left the waiter a
tion such as speeding, passing a red light, or a similar -?-.
generous -?-.
4. Shouting out answers without waiting to be called on is no way
nk"
, "tha
, "favor"
16. GRAT: "p 1easant"
to _?_ yourself with your teacher.
5. The teacher was pleased that the lad who had been so dis­
WORD: congratulate k;m-'grach-d-,lat
courteous at the beginning became more - ? - as the term
progressed.
MEANING: express pleasure at another's success; felicitate
gracious 'gra-sh;:ls
pleasant; courteous; kindly
grateful 'grat-bl
thankful
gratis ,grat_;:lS
1. out of kindness or favor
2. free; without recompense
gratitude 'grat-;:l-,t(y)i.id
thankfulness
gratuitous gr;}-'t(y)ii-dt-ds
1. given freely; gratis
2. unwarranted, as a gratuitous remark
17. MOR (MORT): "death"
immortality ,im-or-'ta}-;:lt-e
1. eternal life
2. lasting fame
moribund 'mor-;:l-b;:ll1d
dying; near death
mortal 'mort-O}
1. destined to die
2. human
3. causing death; fatal, as a mortal blow
gratuity gr;}-'t(y)ii-dt-e
present of money in return for a favor or service; tip
mortality mor-'tal-dt-e
1. death rate
2. mortal nature
ingrate 'in-.grat
ungrateful ("not thankful") person
mortician mor-'tish-dn undertaker ingratiate in-'gra-she-,at
work (oneself) into another's favor
mortification .mort-;:l-fd-'kii.-sh;}n shame; humiliation; embarrassment J
1
:
.
__".L
144
Vocabulary tor the College-Bound Student
IV. Words Derived From Latin
_z
-:~-'::":~~
145
mortuary 'mor-chd-, wer-e morgue corpus delicti ,kor-pas-di-'Iik-,ti
facts proving a crime has been committed (literally, "body of
the crime")
EXERCISE 30. Complete each sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 17, mor (mort).
incorporate in-'kor-pa-,rat
combine so as to form one body
1. Patrick Henry's
rests on a few speeches, especially the
one ending "Give me liberty, or give me deathl"
2. Infant -?- is relatively high in nations that have few
physicians and hospitals.
3. Mr. Olsen did not realize what
he caused his daughter
when he scolded her in the presence of her classmates.
4. Though the mountain climber's injury is critical, it may not
be -?-, for he is said to have a chance of recovery.
5. As a result of the reopening of two large factories, the _?_
community has received a new lease on life.
18. CORP: "body"
corporal 'k6r-p(d-)rdl
bodily, as corporal punishment
corps
'k6(;»r
1. organized body of persons
2. branch of the military
corpse 'k6rps
dead body
EXERCISE 31. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 18, corp.
1. The executive in charge of administration has a(an) - ? - of
able assistants.
2. Criminals were flogged or put in the stocks in olden times, but
such - ? - punishment is rare today.
­
3. The -?- patient was advised by his physician to get rid of
his excess weight.
4. Publishers often -?- two or more works of an author into
one volume.
5. Until the -?- is produced, it cannot be established that a
crime has been committed.
19. DUC (DUCT): '1ead," "conduct," "draw"
aqueduct 'ak-wa-,d;>kt
artificial channel for conducting water from a distance
conducive kan-'d(y)u-siv
tending to lead to; contributive; helpful
corpulent 'k6r-pya-l;>nt
bulky; obese; very fat
deduction di-'dak-sh;;m
1. taking away; subtraction
2. reasoning from the general to the particular
corpus 'k6r-pas
general collection of writings, laws, etc.
duct 'ddkt
tube or channel for conducting a liquid, air, etc.
corpuscle 'k6r-pas-al
1. blood cell (literally, a "little body")
2. minute particle
ductile 'dak-tOI
1. able to be drawn out or hammered thin (said of a metal)
2. easily led; docile
""··""·'"",:::;""·'<"~'~"'i~.n.'1 b!Ym. . . .~:)!n!p!1t:"t' ' ' ' ' "
~'~~J~"""\~
146
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
induce in-'d(y)iis lead on; move by persuasion induction in-'ddk-sh;;m
reasoning from the particular to the general
seduction si-'ddk-shdn
act of leading astray into wrongdoing
traduce trd-'d(y)iis
slander (literally, "lead across" or parade in public by way of
disgrace); vilify; calumniate
\~
viaduct 'Vi-d-,ddkt
bridge for conducting a road or railroad over a valley, river,
etc.
EXERCISE 32. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word from group 19, duc (duct).
1. A (An) -?-' is an artificial channel for conducting water from
a source of supply to a point of distribution.
2. How much of a(an) - ? - is made from your weekly salary
for taxes?
3. Though John had said that be wouldn't join, I was able to
him to become a member.
4. As the train passed over the -?-, we had an excellent view
of the valley below.
5. Movies that exaggerate the luxury and idleness of American
life - ? - our good name when shown abroad.
20. SECUT (SEQU): "follow"
consecutive bn-'sek-Ydt-iv
following in regular order; successive
consequence 'kan-sd-,kwens
1. that which follows logically; result
2. importance, as a person of consequence
".,N ""-
'"'''4"••,.'"t,,,.,
,': :~,_: :>' '<'iu"' ' ' ' 'i'~:"' >~~
,,,,,;,, ,
IV. Words Derived From Latin
147
execute 'ek-sd-.kyiit
1. follow through to completion; carry out
2. put to death
inconsequential in-.kan-sd-'kwen-shdl
unimportant
prosecute 'pras-i-.kyiit
1. follow to the end or until finished
2. conduct legal proceedings against; sue
sequel 'se-kwdl
something that follows; continuation; 'consequence; outcome
sequence 'se-kWdns
the following of one thing after another; succession; orderly
series
EXERCISE 33. Complete each sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 20, secut (sequ).
1. If the person responsible for the damage refuses to pay, I shall
_?_ him.
2. Mter a string of seven - ? - victories, our team lost a game.
3. The book about the clever detective proved so popular that the
author was induced to write a(an) -?-.
4. The cards in the card catalog are arranged in strict alpha­
betical -?-.
5. In some communities the shortage of water is a matter of seri­
ous -?-.
21. CUR (CURR, CURS): "run"
concur kdn-'kd(r)
1. agree; be of the same opinion (literally, "run together")
2. happen together; coincide
'~"<1"~,*I>"'-lt~~'O!W~iI;fJ":t.f.,~!!~.'l:,~}\(*i ~y" ' ~"~';"b{.:r, ,';/"'~;f,!';'
148
Vocabulary lor the College-Bound Student
IV. Words Derived From Latin
149
concurrent kdn-'kdr-dnt
running together; occurring at the same time
EXERCISE 34. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 21, cur (curf. curs).
current 'kdr-dnt
1. running or flowing (said of water or electricity)
2. now in progress; prevailing
1. If you are habitually late, you will -?- the displeasure of
your employer.
2. Our high school has expanded its - ? - to include advanced
placement courses in English, mathematics, and science.
3. The - ? - film at the Bijou is a western; the war drama is no
longer playing there.
4. A difficult test question requires much more than a(an) -P­
reading if it is to be fully understood.
5. Our conversation on the bus was, as usual,
ranging from
the latest dance step to irregular French verbs.
curriculum b-'rik-Yd-ldm
specific course of study in a school or college
cursive 'br-siv
running or flowing (said of handwriting in which the letters
are joined)
cursory 'brS-d-re
running over hastily; superficially done, as a cursory glance
discursive dis-'kdr-siv
wandering ("running") from one topic to another; rambling;
digressive
incur in-'kd(r)
1. meet with ("run into") something undesirable
2. bring upon oneself
incursion in-'br-zh;m
1. a rushing into
2. hostile invasion; raid
precursor pri-'kdr-sd(r)
forerunner; predecessor
recur ri-'b(r)
happen again (literally, "run again")
22. GRESS (GRAD): "step," "walk," "go"
aggressive d-'gres-iv
disposed to attack (literally, "step toward"); militant; asser­
tive; pushing
egress 'e-,gres
a going or a way out; an exit
gradation gdi-'da-shdn
1. a change by steps or stages
2. act of grading
grade 'grad
step; stage; degree; rating
gradient 'grad-e-dnt
1. rate at which a road, railroad track, etc., rises ("steps" up)
2. slope
gradual 'graj-d-wdl by steps or degrees; bit by bit ,-
trd~" ikMii.'efflBl?\*iii . +Pi' tf,.t.'&'"."4'"!J>i&~+(("""'jjjH!:ti'~V#~~:.&~,.:~:,~~,,"..;..~~~.~' ,[,ill.hitK
150
tn11 -,
r
vUtteN b"' (&r'"
""ISi Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
t
IV. Worda Derived From Latin
graduate 'graj-a-,wat
complete all the steps of a course and receive a diploma or
degree
t
•
151
23. PED: "foot"
graduated 'graj-a-,wat-ad arranged in regular steps, stages, or degrees biped 'hi-,ped
two-footed animal
progressive pra-'gres-iv going forward to something better centipede 'sent-d-,ped
small wormlike animal with many pairs of (literally, "a hun­
dred") legs
regressive ri-'gres-iv disposed to move ("step") backward; retrogressive retrograde 're-trd-,grad
1. going backward
2. becoming worse
retrogression ,re-trd-'gresh-dn
act of going from a better to a worse state
transgress trans-'gres
step beyond the limits; go beyond; break a law
EXERCISE 35. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 22, gress (gmd).
1. Learning to play an instrument is a(an) _?_ process; it can­
not be achieved overnight.
2. The offender was told he would be suspended if he should
- ? - again.
3. When the game ended, hordes of spectators jammed the exits,
making - ? - from the stadium painfully slow.
4. For two pupils, the second test showed _?_ rather than
progress, since they received lower marks than on the first
test.
5. In a string of - ? - pearls, the individual pearls are arranged
in the order of increasing size on both halves of the string.
gg
expedite 'ek-spd-,dit
1. facilitate (literally, "free one caught by the foot")
2. accelerate or speed up
impede im-'ped
hinder (literally, «entangle the feet"); obstruct
impediment im-'ped-d-mdnt
1. hindrance; obstacle (literally, "something entangling the
feet" )
2. defect
pedal 'ped-al
lever acted on by the foot
pedestal 'ped-ast-301
1. support or foot of a column or statue
2. foundation
pedestrian pd-'des-tre-dn
1. foot traveler
2. commonplace or dull, as a pedestrian performance
velocipede vd-'las-d-,ped
1. child's tricycle (literally, "swift foot")
2. early form of bicycle
.J
:.~~.--.-11(
~;:'.l\; ',j
',1
£""
,.
,"terne Mt
152
ftfliln :!I!!!!:Yce ,
r:
Itt t • ,: is'
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Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
EXERCISE 38. Complete the sentence with the most appropri­
ate word selected from group 23, ped.
1. A foreman is expected to -?-, not impede, production.
2. It is foolhardy for a(an) - ? - to cross a busy thoroughfare
against the light.
3. For a smooth stop, apply foot pressure to the brake
gradually, not abruptly.
4. If you have a speech -?-, your speech teacher will help you
to overcome it.
5. At the age of 6 Junior abandoned his _?_ and learned to ride
a bicycle.
24. TACT (TANG): "touch"
contact 'kan-,takt
touching or meeting; association; connection
contiguous k;m-'tig-ya-was touching; in contact; adjoining contingent kan-'tin-jant
1. dependent on something else (literally, "touching together")
2. accidental
intact in-'takt
untouched or uninjured; kept or left whole
intangible in-'tan-ja-bal not capable of being touched •
12
,h~
- ..... .'
•
j
,
IV. Words Derived From Latin
...
*' ;
153
tactile 'tak-tal
1. pertaining to the sense of touch
2. tangible
tangent 'tan-jant
1. touching
2. line or surface meeting a curved line or surface at one point,
but not intersecting it
EXERCISE 37. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 24, tact (tang).
1. To discuss your admission to Arista in the presence of someone
who you know has been rejected is
2. The missing sum was found -?-; not a penny had been spent.
3. Mr. Turner told me that my passing for the term is -?- on
the mark I get in the final examination.
4. A firm's good will with its clients is a most valuable, though
-?-, asset.
5. If you wish to maintain - ? - with your school and class­
mates after graduation, join the Alumni Association.
.
25. PREHEND (PREHENS): " seIze,
apprehend ,ap-ri-'hend
1. seize or take into custody
2. understand
apprehensive ,ap-ri-'hen-siv
1. quick to understand or grasp
2. fearful of what may come; anxious
tact 'takt
sensitive mental perception of what is appropriate on a given
occasion (literally, "sense of touch»)
comprehensible ,kam-pri-'hen-sa-bal
able to be grasped mentally; understandable
tactful 'takt-fal
(ant. tactless) having or showing tact comprehensive ,kam-pri-'hen-siv
including ("seizing") very much; extensive
,,~,
grasp"
,-~,.'_~"'-""'·'''''':;;ii"¥''~'it_'·! ;&rW'''hw~~'; ,,~~~~~t.IoiA'§'\4_ ·hI";".Ut\"/;'It~~";""""IiI:,,,,,,.,.'l._.'_"":""",~,,,,,",,j",,,,,,",,,,)'ci,.c~'"
154
'"IIo-S1'5 ",en Ii"
reprehensible ,rep-ri·'hen-s;;)-b;;)1
blamable; culpable; censurable
EXERCISE 38. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 25, prehend (pre hens).
1. Ignorance can be forgiven, but cheating is utterly
2. From the public observatory on the 102nd Hoor of the Empire
State Building, you can get a (an) -?_ view of New York
City and its environs.
3. A coded message is - ? - only to those who know the code.
4. Had you paid attention in class and done your assignments,
you would have no reason to be -?_ of failure.
5. Law enforcement officials are doing their best to _?_ the
escaped convict.
26. JECT: "throw"
abject 'ab·.jekt
sunk to a low condition; deserving contempt
A
reject ri-'jekt
refuse to take; discard (literally, "throw back")
EXERCISE 39. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 26, feet.
1. When he heard that his best friend was moving, my little
brother became
2. A wise policy in buying shares of stock is to be guided by fact
rather than -?-.
3. The librarian was obliged to - ? - the student who refused
to be quiet.
4. A hypodermic syringe is used to
a dose of medicine
beneath the skin.
5. The mob hurled stones, bricks, bottles, eggs, and anything else
that could serve as a(an) -?-.
27. VERT (VERS): "turn"
avert ;;)-'v;;)rt
1. turn away
2. prevent; avoid
dejected di-'jek-tdd
downcast ("thrown down"); discouraged; depressed
controversy 'kan-tr;;)-,v;;)r-se
dispute (literally, a "turning against"); debate; quarrel
eject e-'jekt
throw out or expel; evict
divert d;;)-'vdrt
1. turn aside
2. amuse; entertain
interject ,int-dr-'jekt
throw in between; insert; interpose
155
projectile pr;;)-'jek-t"l
1. object (bullet, shell, etc.) designed to be shot fOlward
2. anything thrown forward
conjecture k;;)n-'jek-cll;;)(r)
a guess; supposition; inference
inject in-'jekt
force or introduce (literally, "throw in") a liquid, a remark, etc.
J
N. Words Derived From Latin
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
prehensile pre-'hen-s;;)1
adapted for seizing, as a prehensile claw
. . ,;1
~
.,1
extrovert 'ek-str;;)-,vdrt
person more interested in what is going on around him than in
his own thoughts and feelings
-"-~,,,,.,,-,--~..-,----~,.,~
156
Vocabulary
fOT
"
." .,,- .".'
~
.
the College-Bound Student
introvert 'il1-trd-,vart
L person more interested in his own thoughts than in what is
going on around him
2. to turn inward
invert in-'vart
turn upside down
(ant. reverse)
obverse 'iib-,vdrs
side turned toward the observer; therefore, the front of a coin,
medal, etc.
pervert pdr-'vart
1. turn away from right or truth; give a wrong meaning to
'pdr-,vart
2. person who has turned from what is normal or natural
revert ri-'vdrt
return; go back, as: "A man's estate reverts to the state if he has
no heirs."
versatile 'var-sat-;>l
able to turn with ease from one thing to another
verse 'vars
line of poetry (literally, "a turning around." After a fixed num­
ber of syllables, the poet has to "turn around" to begin a new
line. )
EXERCISE 40. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 27, vert (vers).
1. Between Thanksgiving and Christmas most department store
employees work overtime, but thereafter they _?_ to their
normal working hours.
2. The words "In God We Trust" appear above Lincoln's image
on the
of a cent.
3. The girls in the upstairs family are always quarreling, but the
boys seldom have a ( an )
IV. Words Derived From Latin
157
4. The first -?_ of Katherine Lee Bates' "America, the Beauti­
ful" is "0 beautiful for spacious skies."
5. A(An) - ? - musician knows how to play several instruments.
28. MIS (MISS, MIT, MITT): "send"
demise di-'miz
death (literally, "sending or putting down")
emissary 'em-a-,ser-e
person sent on a mission
emit e-'mit
send out; give off
intermittent ,int-ar-'mit-Ont
coming and going at intervals, as an intermittent fever (liter­
ally, "sending between")
missile 'mis-dl
weapon (spear, bullet, rocket, etc.) propelled (literally, "capa­
ble of being sent") to hit a distant object
missive 'mis-iv
written message sent; a letter
remiss ri-'mis
negligent (literally, "sent back"); careless; lax
remit ri-'mit
1. send money due
2. forgive, as to have one's sins remitted
EXERCISE 41. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 28, m!s (miss, mit, mitt).
1. This morning's rain was -?-, starting and stopping several
times.
2. Children at camp are often - ? - in their obligation to write
home regularly.
.,.••_.,.... ~ •.b.:i_OII..'.""', '""
",",w ..., >u.:;::olON'~.!:~'""'."';l,,,~~'
158
,1',,,;
.....
Mclj"~~ .......~ ......""--_.~.;L:,:",.,,,.rtJt.~,~,,,,
""MiMi
"tryV '0
'.
~
iA' " Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
IV. Words Derived From Latin
159
3. The President chose a distinguished elder statesman as his
- ? - to the international conference.
the mortgage payment by the tenth of
4. If Dad fails to
the month, he has to pay a late fee.
S. My large searchlight can
a powerful beam.
-r- students who carryon noisy conversations in the library
prevent others from concentrating.
3. A course in -r- will help you to be an effective public
speaker.
4. The referee held a short -r- with the judges before an­
29. LOCUT (LOQU): "speak," "talk"
S. Witnesses appearing before the investigating committee found
-r-
-r-
2. nouncing the winner.
that the chairman was the principal-r-; the other commit­
tee members asked very few questions.
circumlocution ,s;:!r-k;:!m-Io-'kyu-sh;:m
roundabout way of speaking
colloquy 'kal-;:!-kwe
a talking together; conference; conversation
elocution ,el-<)-'kyu-sh;:!n
art of speaking or reading effectively in public
eloquent 'el-;:!-kw;:!nt
speaking with force and fluency; movingly expressive
. ""producmg,
. "".
Yleld'mg"
30 : FER( ous): ''bearmg,
coniferous ko-'nif-;:!-r<ls
bearing cones, as the pine
odoriferous .od-;:!-'rif-;:!-r<ls
yielding an odor, usually fragrant
pestiferous pe-'stif-<I-r<ls
1. infected with or bearing disease; pestilential
2. evil
grandiloquent gran-'dil-;:!-kw;:!nt
using lofty or pompous words; bombastic
interlocutor ,int-;:!(r)-'liik-y;:!t-;:!(r)
1. questioner
2. one who participates in a conversation
somniferous sam-'nif-<I-r;)s
bearing or inducing sleep
loquacious lo-'kwa-sh;:!s
talkative; garrulous
vociferous vo-'sif-<l-r<ls
producing a loud outcry; clamorous; noisy
obloquy 'ab-l;:!-kwe
1. a speaking against; censure
2. public reproach
EXERCISE 43. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 30, fer(ous).
-r-
EXERCISE 42. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from group 29, locut (loqu).
1. "Your services will be terminated if you persist in disregarding
It would be
our requirement of punctuality" is a(an)
more direct to say, "You will be dismissed if you come late
again."
-r_.
1. The infant emitted so
a protest when placed in the crib
that his mother took him up at once.
2. A bunch of
lilacs in a vase on the table gave the room
an inviting fragrance.
3. Some people who have difficulty falling asleep have found that
a glass of warm milk taken before retiring has a ( an) _r_
effect.
-r-
,.......,..... il jpfjt..g..t;.+#p'M 4irt1·&:1it'''''~~L..;'1.~{tW'dr,W''t, .;;i/d"'ttiWI
160
~~"""""'i""·"",,,,,
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student 4. The settlers were heartbroken to see their fields of com and
wheat devastated by swarms of -?-locusts.
5. The seed-bearing part of pines, cedars, firs, and other _?_
trees is known as a cone.
REVIEW
EXERCISE 44. On your answer sheet write the complete word
that fits the definition. As a hint, the number of missing letters is
indicated in parentheses. (For example, the answer to question 1
is progressed.)
DEFINmON
1. moved forward to something better
2. foot traveler
3. combine so as to form one body
4. something that follows; continuation
5. artificial channel for conducting water
6. undertaker
7. gift of money in return for a favor
8. producing a loud outcry
9. turning away; avoiding
10. pertaining to the sense of touch
11. a speaking against; censure
12. running or Howing (writing)
13. by steps or degrees
14. a written message
15. talkative
16. throw in between; interpose
17. tending to lead to; contributive
18. person sent on a mission
19. running together; occurring simultaneously
20. turning easily from one thing to another
.J
...!tIl{illtJltlltl!!tIiiI"·jiI"iii......·...".....ii,_........................._~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 1'·'·'1+&111,&* wsir'''(J~,~~,,.,.trN'':,'';
WORD
(3) GRESS (2)
PED + (7)
(2) CORP (5)
SEQU + (2)
(4) + DUCT
MORT + (5)
GRAT + (4)
(4) +FEROUS
0) VERT (3)
TACT + (3)
(2) LOQU (1)
CURS + (3)
GRAD + (3)
MISS + (3)
LOQU + (6)
(5) + JECT
(3) DUC (3)
(1) MISS (3)
(3) CURR (3)
VERS + (5)
IV. Words Derived From Latin
l61
EXERCISE 45. For each Latin root in column I, write the letter
of its correct meaning in column II.
COLUMN I
1. MOR (MORT)
2. TACT (TANG)
3. LOCUT(LOQU)
4. GRAT
5. SECUT (SEQU)
6. CORP
7. CUR (CURR, CURS)
8. PED
9. PREHEND (PREHENS)
10. JECT
11. VERT (VERS)
12. FER ( ous )
13. GRESS (GRAD)
14. MIS (MISS, MIT, MITT)
15. DUC (DUCT)
COLUMN II
(A) body
( B) step; walk; go
(C) run
(D) bearing; producing;
yielding
( E) speak; talk
(F) throw
(G) touch
(H) pleasant; thank; favor
( I) lead; conduct; draw
( J) death
(K) send
(L) tum
(M) seize; grasp
(N) foot
(0) follow
EXERCISE 46. For each word or expression in column I, write
the letter of its correct meaning in column II.
COLUMN I
1. death rate
2. turn upside down
3. felicitate
4. adapted for seizing
5. give a wrong meaning to
6. bombastic
7. interpose
8. going backward
9. minute particle
10. able to be hammered thin
COLUMN II
(A) invert
( B) grandiloquent
( C) retrograde
( D) congratulate
( E) mortality
(F) pervert
(G) ductile
(H) corpuscle
( I) interject
( J) prehensile
'".,_.......,...~1..'/,.r,.J.:...,_'".~_-• .....t~"""':,~:":,...,,..."",,""'"";;,;~_....;;.;_-,.~'AM'~~.:~;., ....... I.,••olL"~".~,.,_r$,,~,.:..,,
162
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
EXERCISE 47. On your answer sheet write the word that means
the OPPOSITE of the defined word by adding, dropping, or
changing a prefix or a suffix. (The first answer is inconsequential.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
S.
9t
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
IS.
19.
20.
',,1
<cJ
..
_ _",-,---"_~'-;;''''''''''rA.tllltllljf.tllltilo''''''*_t,,'j< .1,%
......" - " " "...............;...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ DEFINITION WORD
important unbelievable having no tact discourteous, rude disposed to move backward
thrown in yielding no odor indefensible
having faith in oneself
unrelated to the matter in hand
front of a coin capable of being corrupted
a going (<Crunning") out touchable; objective reasoning from particular to general
understandable trust in the truth of
faithfulness to a trust
unconquered person more interested in his own thoughts than in his surroundings
consequential
incredible
tactless
ungracious
regressive
injected
odorless
untenable
confident
impertinent
obverse
corruptible
excursion
tangible
induction
comprehensible
credit
fidelity
unvanquished
introvert
EXERCISE 48. Which of the two terms makes the sentence cor­
rect? Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. The
speaker moved us deeply in his brief address.
(A) loquacious
(B) eloquent
he doesn't show enough
2. Andrew is too much of an
interest in what is going on around him.
(B) introvert
(A) extrovert
N. Words Derived From Latin
163
3. The authorities know the identity of the - ? - and expect to
apprehend him soon.
(A) transgressor
(B) precursor
4. Larry's diverting account of his experiment -?_ the class.
(A) confused
(B) amused
5. The entire foreign diplomatic - ? - was present at the funeral
rites for the distinguished leader.
(A) corpse (B) corps
6. For all the kindness you have shown us, we are extremely
(A) grateful
( B) gratuitous
7. Since her motion was adopted by a 5-to-2 vote, it was clear
that most of the girls -?-.
(A) incurred
(B) concurred
S. If you had used fewer technical terms in your report on space
exploration, it would have been more
(A) comprehensible
(B) comprehensive
9. The employer explained that salary increases are not· auto­
matic but - ? - on satisfactory service.
(A) contiguous
(B) contingent
10. The following is an example of -?-: "Swimmers come to
the surface within seconds after a dive; when Ken didn't
come up immediately, we knew he was in trouble."
(A) induction
(B) deduction
EXERCISE 49. Write the letter of the word NOT RELATED in
meaning to the other words in each group.
1. (A) transgression
(B)
2. (A)
(B)
3. (A)
(B)
breach
commonplace
dull dejection
conjecture
( C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
overstepping
retrogression
pedestrian
diverting
sadness
depression
~
164
Vocabulary for the College-Bound Student
4. (A)
(B)
5. (A)
(B)
6. (A)
(B)
7. (A)
(B)
8. (A)
(B)
9. (A)
(B)
10. (A)
(B)
vilify
slander
deathless
moribund
block
impede
dependent
conditional
diffidently
aggressively
perfumed
rank ancestor
forerunner
(C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
( C)
( D)
( C)
(D)
( C)
(D)
induce
calumniate
everlasting
immortal
obstruct
expedite
abject
contingent
fearfully
apprehensively
fragrant
aromatic
precursor
emissary
EXERCISE 50. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate
word selected from the list below.
VOCABULARY LIST
mortal
versatile
diverted
ingrate
comprehensive
fI inconsequential
expedited
induced
moribund
discursive
incurred
reprehensible
intermittently
gratis
apprehensive
1. He
( brought upon himself) the instructor's displeasure
by the cursory manner in which he had done his reading
assignments.
2. Don't have anything to do with that -?_ (unthankful per­
son); he never appreciates a favor.
3. Many businesses have
(increased the speed of) deliv­
ery by extensive use of air-mail service.
4. Nelson incurred a ( an)
(causing death) wound in the
Battle of Trafalgar.
5. Forgetting to bring my lunch turned out to be
(of no
importance), since I was able to purchase lunch at school.
IV. Words Dedved From Latin
165
6. George is the most -?-- (equipped with many aptitudes)
player on our team; he can play any position except first base.
7. Residents may borrow books from the library - ? - (without
charge ).
8. Some of the passengers were nervous because Sam, a newly
licensed driver, was at the wheel, but I was not -?- (fear­
ful of what might come).
9. The strikers were (moved by persuasion) to return to
their jobs with the promise of a new contract.
10. Mrs. Green realized that she would not finish the lesson on
time if she permitted the discussion to become too - ? ­
( wandering from one topic to another).
EXERCISE 51. On your answer sheet write the letter of the word
that best completes the analogy.
1. River is to bridge as valley is to
( A) viaduct
( C) pontoon
(D) projectile
( B) mountain
(E) road
2. Olfactory is to smell as tactile is to
( A) see
( C) touch
( B) grasp
(D) hear
(E) taste
3. Birth is to demise as preface is to
( A) foreword
( C) footnote
(D) introduction
( B) conclusion
4. Corpse is to life as ingrate is to
( A) fear
( C) unkindness
(B) ingratitude
(D) dejection
5. Plan is to execution as outline is to
(A) summary
( C) killing
(B) organization
(D) composition
(E) outline
(E) gratitude
(E) topic