HONORS STUDY GUIDE
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT
CHAPTER 6 Study notes, flashcards, foldable, and crossword puzzle.
1. What do Galileo, Copernicus, and Kepler have in common? Why did Galileo recant? What is the
difference between Copernicus’ theory and Kepler’s theory?
2. Who developed the Scientific Method? Know the steps to the Scientific Method.
3. Know the accomplishments of the following scientists:
Isaac Newton
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Andreas Vesalius
Rene Descartes
William Harvey
Robert Hooke
Francis Bacon
4. When did the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment (Age of Reason) occur?
5. Know which philosophers influenced the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution, and/or the
Bill of Rights.
6. Who were the great music composers of the Enlightenment? Who helped to develop opera?
7. How was the emphasis during the Scientific Revolution different from Medieval Period science?
8. Who believed people had the right to overthrow the government if the government was unjust? What is this theory
called?
9. Why were salons important to the Enlightenment? Who ran these salons?
10. What is the art style of the Enlightenment called? From where did it draw inspiration?
11. Thomas Hobbes believed which type of government was best? Why?
12. How were the attitudes of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution similar? What was the emphasis of the
Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment? How was the emphasis during the Scientific Revolution different from
Medieval Period science?
13. In what two areas of freedom was Voltaire particularly interested?
14. What did most enlightened philosophers believe the role of government to be? Where does government power
come from?
15. Know the authors of:
Principia
Discourse on Method
The Social Contract
Leviathan
Two Treatises on Government
The Spirit of Law
16. What did Rene Descartes mean by “I think, therefore I am.”?
17. Know the author and story line of Don Quixote. Why is this book important?
18. Know who said the following:
“I disapprove of what you say, but I defend to the death your right to say it.”
“government by the consent of the governed”
“When the legislative and executive powers are united in one person, there can be no liberty.”
“Without a powerful government, people would revert to the state of nature, and life would be
solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
“life, liberty, and property”
“If I have seen further than others, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”
19. How did Enlightenment ideals encourage later rebellions against unjust governments? Where did these
rebellions take place?
Vocabulary
Heliocentric Theory
Enlightened despots
Scientific Revolution
Natural rights
Jacque-Louis David
Pacifism
Novel
Checks and balances
Eugene Delacroix
Elliptical
Enlightenment
Recant
William Penn
Separation of powers
Social Contract Theory
Christopher Wren
Denis Diderot
HONORS ESSAY QUESTION
In what ways do the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution and the US Bill of Rights reflect
Enlightenment ideals? (In your answer consider including: Social Contract Theory, Balance of government power,
protection of natural rights of man, the role of religion in government, the philosophers whose ideals influenced these
documents)