Independent India
Gandhi, Nehru, split with Pakistan.
Leaders
TASK 1: Read the profiles of the leaders of the
independence movement.
• What education did they get?
• What did they do prior to 1918?
• Were they involved in any anti-British
movement before 1918?
to Gandhi
profile
to Nehru
profile
British policies
The Government of India Act 1919
• national parliament with two houses
• five million wealthiest given the right to vote
• ministers of education, health and public works in
the provincial governments could be Indians
Rowlatt Acts 1919
• political opponents could be imprisoned without trial
• Indians outraged - protest movement stronger
Amritsar
Amritsar Massacre 1919
TASK 2: Watch the video.
to the video
• What happened in Amritsar?
• What was its consequence?
• What was Gandhi’s reaction?
• mass movement for independence
• Indian Nationalview
Congress
answerstransformed into a
mass party
• Gandhi became the leading authority
Gandhi’s Methods
TASK 3: What means did Gandhi decide to use to
reach his goal? He called it:
Satyagraha = holding fast to the truth
1.
2.
3.
4.
Non-Violent Protests and Persuasion
speeches, newspapers, processions, delegations
Civil Disobedience
not paying taxes, not attending elections
Noncooperation with British Authorities
boycott of British goods, administration
Non-Violent Intervensions
sit-ins, occupations, alternative markets
Gandhi’s Campaigns
Khilafat Movement (1919) to unify Muslim and
Hindu population for the cause of independence
Noncooperation (1920-1922) non-violent boycott of
British goods, noncooperation with the government,
1922 called off when violence broke, Gandhi arrested
Salt Satyagraha (1930) 388 km march to Dandi in
protest to salt tax, to produce illegal salt
Dharasana Satyagraha (1930) Gandhi arrested
TASK 4: Watch the video. What happened in
Dharasana?
to the video
Government of India Act
1930, 1931 Round Table Conferences London,
not much progress, Gandhi present in 1931
1935 the Government of India Act
• elected Indian Assembly in charge of everything but
defence and foreign affairs
• 11 provinces – full control over local affairs
• not a dominium status
• 1937 elections, National Congress wins in 8
provinces x Muslim League
1937 Muslim League demanded independent state
Independence Talks
1945 the Labour Government decided to grant India
full independence, details to be sorted by the Indians
themselves
• Problem of Hindu Muslim relations
• Britain suggested a federation with extensive powers
of the provincial governments
• 1946 interim government under Nehru
• Muslims rebelled, riots, massacres Calcutta, Bengal
• 1947 Viceroy Lord Mountbatten plan for partition,
Nehru and Jinnah agreed, Gandhi opposed
Partition 1947
August 1947 The Indian Independence Act
• India and Pakistan created (1971 Bangladesh)
• Problem of mixed population of Punjab and
Bengal
• Mob violence in Punjab, 250,000 murdered
• January 1948 Gandhi assassinated by a Hindu
fanatic
to the map
• Dispute over Kashmir
TASK 5: How was India divided?
Review
TASK 6: Gandhi’s quotations. Attempt the
flipchart quiz.
to the
flipchart
TASK 7: Attempt the document question
worksheet.
to the
worksheet
The End
Partition of India
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