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Summary
Health Perceptions
Q1
How healthy do you think you are?
Most children aged 7-11 consider themselves to be healthy (86%), including more than a third who think they are very healthy (37%). Just 6% describe
themselves as unhealthy, including 1% who say they are not healthy at all. A minority say they don't know (7%)
There is little difference by gender, with girls only marginally more likely than boys to describe themselves as very healthy (38% vs 36%)
Perceptions of good health increase slightly with age - 83% of 7-8 year olds say they are healthy to some extent, rising to 88% among 9-11 year olds.
Q2
What does being healthy mean to you?
The majority of children associate 'being healthy' with eating well and doing exercise / sport, when prompted with a list of options. Two out of
three believe that being healthy means eating well (66%), whilst slightly fewer feel that participating in exercise / sport promotes good health (60%). Less than
half of 7-11 year olds believe that generally feeling good (47%) is a reflection of being healthy, whilst around a third think that getting lots of sleep (37%) and
not being ill (31%) are contributory factors. One in five children associate looking good with being healthy (18%). Less than one in ten think that going to
watch a sports event will directly benefit their health (9%).
Girls are marginally more likely than boys to associate eating well (67%) feeling good (48%) and getting lots of sleep (39%) with good health, whilst boys place
slightly more emphasis on the importance of looking good (20%) and going to watch sports events (13%).
Children become more confident about what 'being healthy' means with age. Those aged 9-11 are more likely to associate eating well, doing exercise /
sport, feeling good, getting lots of sleep and not being ill with good health, but are less certain about the significance of looking good. They are also much less
likely to think that going to watch sports events will benefit their health (6%, compared wiht 11% of 7-8s).
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Q3
Do you think you could be more healthy than you are?
The majority of 7-11 year olds think that they could be healthier than they are, despite most already describing themselves as generally healthy. Seven
out of ten children think they have room for improvement (71%), whilst just 16% think they are as healthy as they can be. 12% of children are unsure either
way.
Boys are marginally more likely than girls to say that they think they could be more healthy than they currently are (72% vs 70%). This is most
apparent among younger children - 73% of boys aged 7-8 think they can improve their health, compared with 68% of girls the same age.
By the time children reach age 9-11 they are typically more confident that they could improve their health (72% vs 70% of 7-8s), with the gap between boys and
girls narrowing with age. Just 15% of 9-11s think there is nothing more they can do to improve their health.
Q4a
What would you choose to do, to be more healthy?
Among those children who think they could do more to improve their health, most are likely to say they would make changes to their diet and
what they eat in order to achieve this. More than half would choose to eat less chocolate / sweets (58%), drink more water (55%) or eat better foods (54%,
whilst slightly fewer would choose to exercise more (51%). More than a third would choose to improve their health by walking more and taking the car less
(39%) or going to bed earlier / getting more sleep (34%). One in four children aged 7-11 say they would go on a diet to improve their health, whilst fewer
would find out information about being healthy (19%). A minority say they would stay indoors to avoid germs and illnesses (7%).
There are some subtle differences in the approaches that girls and boys favour most when considering their health. Girls are more likely to say they
would address some of the bad habits in their diet, including eating less chocolate and sweets (60%) and drinking more water (58%). Boys on the otherhand
are more likely to choose a broader range of responses, including eating better foods (56%), exercising more (54%), going to bed earlier / getting more sleep
(35%), going on a diet (29%) and staying indoors to avoid germs and illnesses (9%).
As children get older (9-11), they are more likely to choose any of the listed responses, with the exception being go on a diet which is chosen by more
7-8 year olds (29% of 7-8s, compared with 21% of 9-11s).
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Q4b
Why do you think you can't be more healthy than you already are?
Among those who don't feel there is anything more they can do to improve their health, the top reason given for this is because they already
feel they do a lot of activities and exercise - almost half think this (46%). More than a third say they already eat a balanced diet (36%), whilst one in five
say that their parents / carer decide what they have to eat (20%). A significant minority of those who don't feel they can improve their health, say they are too
busy with homework and other activities (13%) or simply too tired to exercise (11%). Slightly fewer say they do not like exercise (9%) or they don't have time
to do more activities / exercise (9%). One in twenty say they don't want to / don't care about being healthy (6%) or they don't know enough about how to be
healthy (5%). A small number of children say their parents won't let them exercise (2%), whilst 7% say they don't know why they can't be more healthy
There are some noticeable gender differences for this question. Girls are more likely to say they can't be more healthy than they already are because
they already do a lot of activities and exercise (48%), they're too busy with homework and other activities (15%) and they don't like exercise (13% - twice the
number of boys - 6%) - whereas boys are more likely to say they already eat a balanced diet (42%), their parent / carer decides what they have to eat (22%),
they're too tired to exercise (14%). They are also twice as likely as girls to say they don't have time to do more activities / exercise (12%). Almost one in five
boys were unable to give a reason why they can't be more healthy than they already are (19%), compared with just 4% of girls.
As they get older (9-11), children who say they can't be more healthy than they already are, are much more likely to say this is because they already do a lot of
activities / exercise (53%). They are twice as likely to say they already eat a balanced diet (51%) and more likely to say their parent / carer decides what they
have to eat (51%). They are also more likely to say their parent / carer won't let them exercise (4%). The only response that noticeably drops with age is I'm
too tired to exercise (13% of 7-8s, compared with 8% of 9-11s)
Q5
What do you think is the least healthy thing to do from the following list?
Given a list of four options, opinion is split on which is the least healthy. They are most likely to think that drinking a can of fizzy drink is the worst
choice (25%), although not cleaning their teeth and sitting down all day long (both 24%) follow closely behind. Eating a cheeseburger for tea is the option
that children are least likely to choose (17%). 10% are undecided either way.
Girls are marginally more likely than boys to place a greater emphasis on the risks of sitting down all day long (25%). Besides this, there is very
little difference by gender for this question.
Children aged 7-8 are most likely to think that drinking a can of fizzy is the least healthy option (29%), but by age 9-11, they are more likely to recognise the
risks of sitting down all day long (28%). They are also more likely to know the dangers of not washing or cleaning their teeth (27%).
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Involvement and Perceptions of Exercise and Sport
Q6
What exercise / sport do you do?
Almost all of the children say they take part in at least one of the listed activities / sports (98%). The top choice is PE / Games - two thirds of
children say they do this (66%). This might seem quite low given that Physical Education is a compulsory element of the national curriculum, but it is likely that
the remaining children are selecting the actual activities they take part in during PE lessons rather than the lesson itself. Other top choices include swimming
(57%), running / jogging (54%) and walking (51%) . Slightly fewer choose football (48%) and cycling / scooting (41%) . Around three in ten say they play
tennis (30%) or take part in gymnastics / trampolining (29%), whilst one in four say they do some form of dancing (25%). One in five say they play hockey
(19%), and fewer take part in martial arts (15%), rugby (15%), netball (14%) or golf (11%).
Boys take part in a wider range of exercise and sports on average, with football being their top choice overall. They are much more likely to play
this sport than girls (70% vs 27%), along with running / jogging (56%), tennis (39%), hockey (24%), martial arts (20%), rugby (23%) and golf (15%). The top
form of exercise / sport for girls is PE / Games (65%). However they are more likely than boys to take part in swimming (59%), walking (53%), gymnastics /
trampolining (41%) and dance (40%).
Participation in the listed activities tends increase rapidly with age, with the only exceptions being hockey, rugby, netball and golf - which stay much the
same.
Q7
Thinking about when you are being active, where do you do the most amount of exercise?
Children aged 7-11 are most likely to say they take part in exercise in lots of different places (34%), with top locations including sports clubs (20%) and at
school (19%). Just 13% say they do most of their exercise at home , and fewer do so at the park (7%).
Boys are much more likely to say they do most of their exercise at a sports club (25%), suggesting an organised activity of some kind, whilst girls are most likely
to say they exercise in lots of different places (38%)
The number of children who say they do the most amount of exercise in lots of different places increases with age (37%, up from 31%), whilst the number who
say they do this at a sports club drops back with age (17%, down from 23%) - this suggests that children are taking part in a wider range of activities as they get
older, across multiple locations.
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Q8
Which of these statements about exercise and sport do you agree with?
The majority of children agree that it is important to do exercise and sport (86%). A similar number agree that they enjoy doing this (84%). More than
half also agree that exercise and sport can help them learn better at school (55%). Despite this, a considerable number also say they don't like changing their
clothes in front of people at school (53%). Fewer than two out of five children say they would stop doing exercise if it hurt them or became painful (37%). One
in three children say they don't have enough time to do all of the exercise or sport they would like to do (33%).
Girls and boys are in agreement about the importance of exercise and sport, and the extent to which they enjoy it. However, girls are much more
likely to say they don't like changing their clothes in front of people at school (57%), whilst boys are much less likely to agree that they would stop doing
exercise if it hurt them or was it was painful (33%)
Children are more likely to recognise the importance of sport and exercise as they get older (93% of 9-11s), and encouragingly, they are more
likely to say they enjoy doing it (89%). They are also more likely to agree that they would stop doing it if it became painful or it hurt them. Despite this,
anxieties about getting changed in front of people do increase with age - 61% of 9-11 year olds say they don't like doing this, rising to 67% of 9-11 year old
girls.
Q9
Why do you think it's important to do exercise / sport?
Children aged 7-11 think that the most important reason to exercise and do sport is to help keep their bodies healthy on the inside (75%). A
significant number also think it helps them to avoid being overweight or underweight (56%) and it gives them more energy (55%). Fewer than half think that
exercise / sport will help them to live longer (46%) whilst one in three say that it helps them to sleep better (34%). Around one in four believe that it helps
them think / concentrate better (28%) and look better (25%).
Girls are more likely than boys to recognise that exercise and sport are important because they keep their bodies healthy on the inside (78%). Boys however,
are more to place emphasis on it giving them more energy (57%) and helping them to look better (29%).
Numbers for each response increase with age, as children become more confident and knowledgeable about the benefits of doing exercise and sport. In
particular, 9-11 year olds are almost twice as likely to believe that exercise and sport helps them to avoid being overweight or underweight (73%, compared with
40% of 7-8s), and that it makes them look better (32%, compared with 18% of 7-8s)
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Q10
Why do you enjoy doing exercise / sport?
Among those who say they enjoy exercise (84% of 7-11s), most say this is because it is fun (72%) and they like to stay fit and healthy (71%).
A significant number also say that it makes them feel good and happy (63%), whilst more than half credit it with giving them more energy (55%), stopping
them putting on more weight (52%) and helping them to feel better about themselves (51%). One in three enjoy exercise and sport because they get to see
their friends when they do it , it helps them sleep better at night and it helps them to think or concentrate better (each 34%).
Girls place marginally more value on exercise and sport helping them to feel better about themselves , whilst boys are more likely to choose any of
the remaining responses, especially it's fun, it gives me more energy, I get to see my friends and it helps me to sleep better.
All of the responses increase rapidly with age, with the only exception being I get to see my friends which remains the same. In general, those who say they
enjoy sport experience an increasing range of benefits as they get older.
Q11
Why don't you enjoy doing exercise / sport? (*small sample)
Among those who say they don't enjoy exercise and sport (4% of 7-11 year olds), the top reason given is because it hurts and / or is painful. A minority also
say that it makes them too tired , they don't like getting hot and sweaty or getting out of breath . One in four admit that they don't like to ruin their hair or the
way the look or they simply think people will laugh at them . Slightly fewer think it is too much like hard work. Other reasons include thinking they will look
silly , there is no point in doing it , they don't like losin , they feel awkward, they've hurt themselves before doing it , they feel scared when their heart beats too
fast or they haven't got the right clothes .
Boys are more likely than girls to identify a broader range of worries and insecurities, with the only exception being that girls are more concerned about ruining
their hair or the way they look. Both genders are equally concerned about getting hot and sweaty.
All of the response increase with age, with the only exception being it's too much like hard work
Q12
Does it ever hurt / is it painful after you do exercise / sport?
A significant number of children aged 7-11 say that it hurts or it is painful after they have done exercise or sport. Two out of five say that this
happens to them (39%). Almost half actively disagree (48%), and 12% are unsure either way.
There is no difference by gender for this question.
The proportion of children who say they don't feel any pain after exercising increases marginally with age. The number who say they do feel some pain remains
unchanged.
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Q13
Where does it hurt / do you feel pain after exercising, and what sort of pain is it?
Children are most likely to experience pain in their legs, ankles or feet after exercising. Among those who say they feel some level of discomfort after
exercising or doing sport, more than half experience this either in their legs (61%), ankles or feet (52%). The type of pain they feel is most often described as
achey or sharp. A significant minority also say they feel pain in their chest / when breathing in or out (45%), whilst just under two in five say they feel pain in
their back (39%), their knees (38%), their arms or hands (38%), or their head / neck (37%).
Girls are more likely than boys to say they experience pain in their ankles / feet, or their back after exercising - whereas boys typically feel it more in their knees,
arms / hands or their head / neck.
The range of areas in which children experience pain or discomfort after exercising tends to increase with age. Children aged 9-11 are more likely
to say they feel pain in their legs, ankles / feet, chest, arms / hands and their head / neck. This possibly reflects higher levels of involvement with age.
Q14
Do you think it's good that exercise hurts you?
Most of those who experience some level of pain or discomfort after exercising, believe this to be a good thing. Almost half say that it is good that
exercise hurts them (47%), whilst just two in five disagree (40%).
Boys are much more likely to interpret pain after exercising as a good thing - more than half believe this to be true (58%), compared with 35% of girls
The balance in opinion for this question changes with age. Among the younger children (7-8), most are in agreement that pain after exercising is not a
good thing (46%), but by age 9-11, opinion has changed and more than half interpret pain as a good thing (53%)
Q15
If you could take up more exercise / sport, what would you choose to do?
The vast majority of children aged 7-11 are receptive towards the idea of doing more exercise or sport, with 95% able to select at least one
activity that they would like to participate in. No single activity is chosen by more than one in two children, indicating that children's choices are diverse
and wide ranging. Swimming is the most popular choice (44%), followed by running / jogging (38%) and enduring favourite, football (37%). More than a third
choose tennis (35%), cycling / shooting (34%) or PE / games (34%), and slightly fewer choose gymnastics / trampolining (33%). More than a quarter would like
to take up more walking (28%), martial arts (26%) or hockey (26%). A similar number would like to try dancing (25%), rugby (25%), netball (23%) or golf
(21%).
Gender differences are similar to those identified in the earlier question about the exercise and sport that children currently do. Boys are typically more likely to
say they would like to take up a broader range of different sports, including football, running / jogging, tennis, more PE / games at school, cycling / scooting,
hockey, rugby, golf, walking or martial arts. Girls are more likely to say they would like to take up swimming, gymnastics / trampolining or dance.
Many of the listed activities increase in popularity with age, including swimming, cycling / scooting, tennis, gymnastics / trampolining, martial arts,
walking, dancing, rugby and netball. The only activity that is noticeably more popular among the younger children is football.
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Q16
If you had 2 hours spare time, which of these would you most like to do?
If children aged 7-11 were presented with 2 hours of spare time, they are most likely to say they would spend this playing sport above anything
else - testament to just how much they really do enjoy it. More than one in five children say they would choose to play sport during this time (22%), and
a further 17% say they would choose to go swimming. Just one in six say they would play on their tablet, phone or games console (16%), and a similar number
would choose to play with their friends (15%). Fewer than one in ten said they would read a book (9%), watch TV (4%), go shopping (4%), sleep (3%) or play
with toys indoors (3%).
Boys are the biggest advocates of playing sport in their spare time (29%, compared with 14% of girls), although they are also more likely than girls to favour
playing on a tablet, phone or games console (21% vs 11%). Conversely, girls are more likely to say they would spend their spare time swimming (22%), playing
with friends (19%) or reading a book (11%)
Playing sport remains the most popular way to spend 2 hours as children get older, but it faces strong competition from activities such as playing on a tablet,
phone or games console, seeing friends and reading a book - all of which increase with age. The number of children who would chose to go swimming in their
spare time drops by more than half as children reach age 9-11.
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Lifestyle Statements
Q17
When do you do the most exercise?
Although PE / games at school is the most common form of exercise among children aged 7-11, they are most likely to say they do the most exercise at the
weekend. Almost two out of five children say they exercise most at the weekend (38%), followed by more than a quarter who say they exercise most after
school or during school (both 27%).
Boys are marginally more likely to say they do the most exercise at the weekend (40%, compared with 36% of girls), but there is little difference in the number
of boys and girls exercising after or during school.
Exercising at the weekend increases marginally with age, whereas the balance switches from during school to after school as children get older.
Q18
Which of these statements about your parents / carers do you agree or disagree with?
The majority of children say their parents / carers encourage them to be active, with more than seven in ten agreeing with this statement. Around two
thirds say their parents / carers lead by example and do their own exercise or sport (65%), although the same proportion say they would like to do more exercise
or sport with their parents or carers (65%). Half say they currently exercise with their parents or carers (50%), whilst one in six say their parents have stopped
them from doing the exercise or sport they wanted to do in the past.
There is little difference by gender for this question.
Agreement with these statements increases with age, indicating that most children see sport and exercise as a important feature at home, as well as at school.
The only statement where agreement drops back with age is the instance of being stopped by parents / carers from doing exercise in the past, which halves with
age.
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Q19
What exercise / sport do you do with your parents / carers?
Children who currently exercise with their parents or carers were asked what type of activities they do together. The top choices are running / jogging (52%),
walking (50%), swimming (48%) and cycling / scooting (41%) - most of which can be organised on a very casual basis. More than a third play football with their
parent or carer (38%), whilst more than a quarter play tennis together (27%). Fewer than one in five take part in gymnastics / trampolining (17%), golf (15%),
PE / Games at school (13%), dance (12%), hockey (12%), martial arts (11%), rugby (11%) or netball (10%) alongside their parents.
There are some differences in the type of activities that boys and girls do with their parents / carers. For example, boys are twice as likely to play football
alongside their parents. They are also more likely to play tennis, golf, rugby or hockey with them. Girls are more likely to go walking, swimming and cycling /
scooting with their parents - all of which can be organised on a very casual basis. They are also more likely to take part in gymnastics / trampolining or dance
with their parents or carers.
Children who exercise with their parents typically take part in more activities with them as they get older - challenging the trend that often sees children and
their parents spending less time together as they get older. The activities that children and their parents are more likely to take part in together as the children
get older include, walking, running / jogging, swimming, cycling / scooting, football, tennis, golf, dance and rugby.
Q20
Why did your parents / carers stop you from doing the exercise / sport you want to do?
Children who say their parents / carer have stopped them from doing sport or exercise in the past, are most likely to say this is because there
wasn't enough time to fit it in (24%). This was closely followed by one in four children who said their parents thought they needed to spend more time on
their homework or their parents were at work and couldn't take them (both 21%). The cost was a factor for one in five children (19%), whilst one in six said
their parents said they were too old for it (16%). A similar number said their parents were worried they might hurt themselves (14%), whilst slightly fewer said
they had been told they weren't old enough or they were put off because they had hurt themselves doing it (12%). One in ten children said their parents simply
said it was too much effort for them (11%). A smaller number said it was too far away (9%), they don't encourage me to exercise (7%), or it was bad for my
health / the doctor told me not to do it (2%).
The are some subtle differences in the reasons that boys and girls give for this question. Girls are more likely to say that their parents / carers stopped them
from doing sport or exercise because of schedule issues such as there wasn't enough time to fit it in (31%) or their parents were at work and couldn't take them
(26%). Girls were also more likely to say their parents said it costs too much (26%), they were worried I might hurt myself (22%) or it's too far away or difficult
to get to (11%). Boys on the other hand were typically more direct in their response, suggesting their parents were more likely to say it was too much effort for
them (17%), it was an activity they said I wasn't old enough for (16%) or they don't want me to exercise (10%).
Children aged 7-8 are more likely to say their parents had stopped them from doing exercise because they said I was too old for it (19%), they were worried I
might hurt myself (18%), they said I wasn't old enough (16%) or it was too far away / hard to get to (12%). Responses from older children (9-11) were reflect
increasing academic pressures. They were more likely to say there wasn't enough time to fit it in (34%) or my parents thought I needed to spend more time on
my homework (32%). They were also more likely to say it costs too much (23%) or my parents said it's too much effort for them (14%).
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Q21
What do you spend most of your free time at the weekend doing?
Despite an obvious enthusiasm for sport and exercise, children aged 7-11 are most likely to say they spend most of their free time at the weekends using their
tablet, mobile phone of games console. More than a third of children say they do this (36%). However, a significant minority say they play games outdoors
(33%) at the weekend, and a further 23% play organised sport like football or netball. Other say they spend most of their freetime doing homework (31%).
One in four children say they watch TV / films (24%), whilst fewer read books or magazines (22%). One in five play games indoors (19%) and 13% go
shopping.
Unsurprisingly there are some big gender differences for this question, reflecting how differently boys and girls choose to spend their free time
at the weekend. Boys are more likely than girls to spend their time on a tablet, mobile phone or games console (42%), playing games outdoors (37%), playing
organised sport (31%) or playing games indoors (22%). The top weekend activity for girls is doing homework (36%). Girls are also more likely than boys to
spend their time reading (28%), watching TV / films (27%) or shopping (21%).
All of the listed activities increase in popularity with age, reflecting greater levels of indpendence among 9-11 year olds. The only activity that is more popular
among younger children is playing games indoors.
Q22
If you were given the choice between playing sports for an hour, or going on a digital device to play games for an hour, which would you choose?
Given the choice between playing sports for an hour or going on a digital device for an hour, most children would choose to play sport. Two
thirds of children would choose this option (65%), compared with one in five who would choose playing on a digital device (21%). 14% of children were unsure
either way.
Boys and girls are united in their decision to choose playing sport over a digital device (66% vs 65%). However among those who do choose a digital device numbers are higher among boys than girls (24% vs 18% of girls)
The appeal of playing sport varies little across the age range, but the number of children who choose a digital device is much higher among older children (9-11),
reflecting the growing appeal of these devices as children get older
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Role Models
Q23
Thinking about famous sportspeople, who is your favourite sportswoman that you look up to, and what sport do they take part in?
Fewer than three in ten children can name a famous sportswoman (28%), with top choices including Jessica Ennis and Serena Williams.
Girls are marginally more likely than boys to name a famous sportswoman.
Response increase dramatically with age.
Q24
And who is your favourite sportsman that you look up to, and what sport do they take part in?
More than one in two children can name a famous sportsman (54%), with top choices including footballers Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi,
and tennis player, Andy Murray.
Boys are much more likely to accurately name a sportsman than girls.
Responses increase with age.
Q25
Who would be your favourite singer to exercise to?
Asked who would be their favourite singer to exercise to, children aged 7-11 are most likely to choose either Little Mix or Justin Bieber (both
(14%). No other artist is mentioned by more than 10% of children this age. 7% of children choose Katy Perry or Michael Jackson, whilst slightly fewer choose
Taylor Swift, One Direction (both 6%) or Bruno Mars (5%). A small number choose The Vamps (4%), Ellie Goulding (3%), Rita Ora (3%), 5 Seconds of Summer
(3%) or Rihanna (1%).
Girl group Little Mix is the top choice for girls (24%), followed by Katy Perry (11%), Justin Bieber (10%) and Taylor Swift (9%). American singer Justin Bieber is
the top favourite among boys (17%). He is followed by enduring favourite Michael Jackson (13%) and Bruno Mars (7%).
Top choices among 7-8 year olds include Justin Bieber and Little Mix, along with Katy Perry, Michael Jackson and One Direction. Taylor Swift and The Vamps
increase in popularity with age, although one in six children aged 9-11 choose a different artist altogether reflecting the diversity of children's music tastes as
they get older - 16% something else. Individual mentions include Adele, Ariana Grande, Meghan Trainor, Coldplay, Canadian singer songwriter- Shawn Mendes
and US hip hop artist, Fetty Wap.
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