FACT SHEET
REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA
Territory:
Borders:
2
Total 28,748 km ; Water (%) 4.7
Montenegro to the northwest,
Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244/99) to the
northeast,
the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
(under UNSCR 817 (1993)) to the east and
Greece to the south and southeast.
It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west,
and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest.
Population (thousands)
Total
15-64 aged
2011
3,154
2,133
2012
3,162
2,155
2013
3,173
2,178
2014
3,185
2,198
2015
2,897
2,000
2016
2,904
2,000
Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision
DRUG SEIZURES
Seizures of illicit drugs (kg)
Opioids:
Heroin
Pharmaceutical opioids:
Methadone
Cannabis-type:
Marijuana (herb)
Hashish
Cannabis seed
Cannabis oil (litres)
Cannabis plants (plants)
Cocaine-type:
Cocaine salts
Other miscellaneous:
Cutting substances
1
1 Jan-20 Oct
2016
2012
2013
2014
2015
87.72
47.40
73.49
36.9
25.948
0.543
0.138
0.017
0.514
0.0175
21,138.23
5.11
0.34
0.50
33,000
20,672.90
32.45
0.70
0.359
98,491
101,726.10
24.45
1.83
11.154
551,414
11,400
60
3
5.82
797,422
12,556.711
22.91
0.665
2,503,483
4.06
16.10
10.03
27.1
6.84
174.97
1.74
0.10
97.5
-
Source: Albanian State Police; EMCDDA, UNODC World Drug Reports, Drug Situation Analysis Report 2011: South Eastern Europe
1
Mini-Dublin Group Regional Report for Western Balkans, p. 9, http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15085-2016-INIT/en/pdf
Updated February 2017
1
International Operations and Controlled Delivery (CD) operations
International
Operations
CD operations by
2
Police
Partner countries
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 Jan-20 Oct
2016
54
33
41
62
48
50
65
2
n/a
n/a
Italy; Germany;
Austria; Kosovo;
FYR of Macedonia
Italy; France; Belgium;
Holland; Switzerland
(coordinated by
EUROJUST)
Italy;
Greece; USA;
Kosovo;
Austria
Italy
n/a
Source: Albanian State Police
Heroin seizures, 2010 – 2016
Cannabis seizures, 2010 – 2016
Source: DRUGS MONITORING PLATFORM, joint online platform of AOTP and Paris Pact programmes, http://drugsmonitoring.unodc-roca.org.
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
2
Operations with special investigation techniques
Updated February 2017
2
DRUG PRICES AND DRUG PURITY
Wholesale prices of illicit drugs (USD per kg)
Heroin (unknown purity)
Marijuana (herb)
Hashish (resin)
Cocaine
3
2012
2013
2014
2015
23,200-30,930
320-450
n/a
48,970-57,990
22,100-29,500
307-430
n/a
46,650-55,250
23,690-31,580
1,580-2,240
2,460
50,005-59,220
18,050-24,070
660-1,420
1,640-2,190
37,200-43,760
1 Jan-20 Oct
4
2016
17,940-20,180
280-450
1,680-2,240
32,510-34,750
Source: Albanian State Police, UNODC ARQs, UNODC World Drug Reports
Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may
not necessarily reflect changes.
Retail prices of illicit drugs (USD per gram)
Heroin (unknown purity)
Marijuana (herb)
Cocaine
5
2012
2013
2014
2015
27-32 (brown)
1-2
64-129
27
1.5
74
28-33 (brown)
4-7
66-132
23-27
3-5
66-98
1 Jan-20 Oct
6
2016
24-28
8 (per 2.5 gr)
59-74
Source: EMCDDA; Albanian State Police, UNODC ARQs, World Drug Reports
Note: Comparisons of drug prices from different years need to be made with caution as they are influenced by changes in the exchange rates and may
not necessarily reflect changes.
Purity level of illicit drugs (in %)
Heroin (unknown purity):
At wholesale level
At street level
7
Marijuana (potency )
At wholesale level
At street level
Cocaine
At wholesale level
At street level
2011
2012
2014
2015
1 Jan-20 Oct
2016
1-22
1-20
46-50 (brown)
1-7 (brown)
46-50 (brown)
1-7 (brown)
30-40
<1%-15%
30-40
<1%-15%
3-12
3-12
5-15
2-10
10-20
10-15
n/a
0.1-20
n/a
0.1-20
22-50
20-50
50-80
1-48
50-80
1-48
n/a
2-65
n/a
2-80
Source: World Drug Reports, Albanian State Police
3
Conversion from Euro to USD is based on the UN Exchange Rate effective in December 2015: 1 Euro=0.914 USD
Conversion from Euro to USD is based on the UN Exchange Rate effective in October 2016: 1 Euro=0.892 USD
5
Conversion from Euro to USD is based on the average UN Exchange Rate effective in 2015: 1 Euro=0.914 USD
6
Conversion from Euro to USD is based on the UN Exchange Rate effective in October 2016: 1 Euro=0.892 USD
7
Tetrahydrocannabinol content
4
Updated February 2017
3
DRUG-RELATED CRIME
Drug-related offences (according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania)
Criminal cases initiated
Rate (per 100,000)
Including by type of offence:
Cultivating of cannabis plants (Art. 284)
Cases on Articles 283 and 285 of the CC:
Manufacturing and selling narcotics (Art. 283)
Traffic of narcotics (Art. 283a)
Holding, producing, and transporting
chemical substances (Art. 285)
Fitting premises for drugs use (Art. 285a)
Inducing the use of drugs (Art. 286)
Recorded penal offences related to drug crimes
Manufacturing and selling narcotics (Art. 283)
2012
2013
2014
2015
1,116
35.3
1,334
42.0
1,228
38.6
n/a
n/a
1 Jan-20
Oct 2016
n/a
n/a
154
962
850
106
229
1,105
948
153
n/a
1,008
908
98
n/a
1,118
n/a
n/a
n/a
1,178
n/a
n/a
6
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
0
n/a
957
n/a
2
n/a
1,105
948
1
n/a
1,243
1,123
n/a
n/a
9
1,021
938
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8
Source: EMCDDA National Report 2013: Albania; Albanian State Police, Dublin Group reports, Instituti i Statistikave (INSTAT) Albania
People prosecuted and convicted for drug-related crime
Total offenders prosecuted
Rate (per 100,000)
Including by type of offence:
Cultivating of cannabis plants (Art. 284)
For other offences (Articles 283, 285)
including:
Manufacturing and selling narcotics (Art. 283)
Traffic of narcotics (Art. 283a)
Holding, producing, and transporting chemical
substances (Art. 285)
Fitting premises for drugs use (Art. 285a)
Total offenders convicted for drug crimes
Male
Female
2012
2013
2014
2015
1,387
43.9
1,420
44.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 Jan-20
Oct 2016
n/a
n/a
142
1,245
89
1,331
105
1,203
402
1,700
446
1,611
1,071
166
1,134
193
1,033
206
1,567
127
1,452
149
8
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
0
2
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1,143
11
1,127
13
15
1,329
12
1307
14
22
n/a
n/a
n/a
10
Source: EMCDDA; Albanian State Police, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2011, Mini Dublin Group Reports, INSTAT (Albanian Institute of Statistics)
Organized crime groups
Number of organized crime groups
Persons involved
2012
n/a
233
2013
33
170
2014
57
220
2015
50
266
2016
52
226
8
Dublin Regioanl report on Western Balkans, Council of the EU, Brussels, 15 April 2014,
http://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%208886%202014%20INIT
9
Data source 2013-2015: Albania in Figures 2015, INSTAT, p.11, http://www.instat.gov.al/media/335214/abania_in_figures_2015.pdf
10
Ibid
11
Women and Men in Albania 2016, INSTAT, 20 May 2016, p.51, http://www.instat.gov.al/media/330940/femra_e_meshkuj_2016.pdf
12
Ibid
13
Ibid
14
Ibid
Updated February 2017
4
Groups with international links revealed
15
50
19
n/a
n/a
n/a
Source: Albanian State Police, EMCDDA National Report 2013: Albania
DRUG ABUSE
Drug abusers recorded in dispensaries
Total number
Rate (100,000)
Opiate users (%)
Cannabinoid users (%)
IDUs (%)
2009
789
25
68.2
0.9
85.6
2010
671
21.3
56.5
11.8
n/a
2011
460
14.6
44.8
12.8
88.3
16
2012
454
14.4
28.6
22.2
n/a
Source: EMCDDA National Reports of Albania, Paris Pact Drug Situation Report 2013, INSTAT (Albanian Institute of Statistics)
Estimates of people who inject drugs (PWID)
Number of PWIDs
Prevalence of PWIDs among population aged 15-64 (%)
2011
4,000-6,000
0.20-0.31
Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2016 (latest available data)
Drug-related deaths and overdoses
Drug-related deaths
Drug overdoses
2009
4
3*
2010
2
7
2011
2
n/a
2012
2
n/a
Note: *There is no reliable data on drug-related deaths in Albania
Source: EMCDDA; Forensic Medicine Institute Registry
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS reported
Number of people tested for HIV
New HIV cases
Rate (per 100,000)
Male
Female
Total HIV cases
Rate (per 100,000)
Male
Female
IDUs (%)
2011
26,005
72
2.3
52
20
485
15.4
340
145
<1%
2012
26,966
90
2.8
64
26
575
18.2
404
171
n/a
2013
37,478
124
3.9
83
41
699
22.0
487
212
n/a
2014
n/a
84
2.6
63
21
783
24.6
550
233
n/a
Jan-Nov 2015
25,573
87
3.0
63
24
870
30.0
613
257
0.6%
Source: UNAIDS; EMCDDA; Ministry of Health, Institute of Public Health
15
16
Period January-April 2013
Dublin Regioanal report on Western Balkans, Council of the EU, Brussels, 15 April 2014,
http://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%208886%202014%20INIT
Updated February 2017
5
DIstribution of HIV by mode of transmission, 1993-November 2015
Homosexual,
11.6%
Heterosexual
, 82.3%
Mother-tochild, 3.6%
Blood, 1.4%
IDU, 0.6%
Unknown,
0.5%
Source: HIV/AIDS 2015 in Albania, Public Health Insitution Albania17
Estimates of people living with HIV and HIV prevalence
National estimates:
PLWHA
IDUs (%)
MSM (%)
Pregnant (%)
2010
2011
2013
406
n/a
n/a
n/a
478
1
10
4
671
n/a
n/a
n/a
Source: Ministry of Health
DRUG- AND CRIME-RELATED TREATIES
Ratification status of Drug-Related Treaties
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961
Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971
United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
of 1988
Status
n/a
24 Jan 2003
(accession)
27 Jun 2001
(accession)
Signature and ratification status of UNTOC and UNCAC
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)
a)
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children, supplementing the UNTOC
b) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UNTOC
c)
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and
Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UNTOC
United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)
17
Status
21 August 2002
(ratification)
21 August 2002
(ratification)
21 August 2002
(ratification)
08 February 2008
(accession)
25 August 2008
(ratification)
http://ishp.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RAPORTI-HIV-AIDS-N%C3%8B-SHQIP%C3%8BRI.pdf
Updated February 2017
6