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GK Magazine
Table of Content
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History of India……………............................3
Indian Economy……………...…………............19
Geography, Environment & Ecology……..33
Indian Polity & Governance…………………..60
Science & Technology………………………......81
State at a Glance…………………………………...97
Discussion & Analysis-Research Based...123
One Liner Facts( Subject Specific)……… 129
GK MCQs – Exam Based………….………….145
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Indian National Movement: an Overview
It has been observed that the struggles for
Freedom in India had been a merger of a series
of Political, Socio-Cultural and Economic
factors that led to the rise of Nationalism.
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On 28 December 1885 Indian National
Congress (INC) was founded in the premises of
Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School at Bombay. It
was presided over by W.C Banerjee and
attended by 72 delegates. A.O Hume played an
instrumental role in the foundation of INC with
an aim to provide Safety Valve to the British
Government.
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A.O Hume served as a first General Secretary
of INC.
Real Aim of Congress is to trained the Indian
youth in political agitation and to organise or
to create public opinion in the country. For this
they use the method of annual session where
they discuss the problem and passed the
resolution.
The first or early phase of Indian Nationalism is
also termed as Moderate Phase (18851905).Moderate leaders were W.C Banerjee,
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, R.C Dutt, Ferozeshah
Mehta, George Yule etc.
Moderates have full faith in British
Government and adopted PPP path i.e.
Protest, Prayer and Petition.
Due to disillusionment from Moderates
methods of work, extremism began to develop
within
the
congress
after
1892.
The Extremist leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal
Gangadhar Tilak, Bipinchandra Pal and
Aurobindo Ghosh. Instead of PPP path they
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emphasise on self-reliance, constructive work
and swadeshi.
With the announcement of Partition of Bengal
(1905) by Lord Curzon for administrative
convenience, Swadeshi and Boycott resolution
was passed in 1905.
Muslim League was founded in 1906 by Agah
Khan III and Moshin Mulk.
Separate electorate was introduced by the Act
of 1909 Morley- Minto Reform Act.
Gadhar Movement was started by Lala
Hardayal in 1913 and founded the Gadhar
party on 1stNovember 1913 at Kotland. Its
headquarter was set up in the form of
Yugantar Ashram at San Francisco and started
the publication of Gadhar Journal.
Komgata Maru incident took place on
September 1914 and for this Indians set up a
committee named as Shore Committee to fight
the legal battle of the passengers.
In 1914 First World War broke out.
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Tilak on April 1916 started Home Rule
Movement and its headquartered was at
Poona and demanded Swaraj.
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Annie Besant on September 1916 started
Home Rule movement and it’s headquarter
was at Adiyar near Madras.
Lucknow Session of Congress 1916 presided
over by Ambika Charan Majumdar (Moderate
leader) where both Extremist and Moderate
leaders were united.
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Government of India Act 1919 or MontaguChelmsford Reform Act was passed to
establish a responsible Government in India.
On 9th January 1915 Gandhi ji return to India
from South Africa at the age of 46.
In 1916 Gandhi Ji founded Sabarmati
Ashram at Ahmadabad (Gujarat) to preach the
idea of truth and non-violence.
Champaran Satyagraha – 1917
Kheda Satyagraha – 1917
Ahmadabad Mill Strike – 1918
Rowlatt Act Satyagraha February,1919
Gandhi ji founded the Satyagraha Sabha in
February, 1919. In this movement student,
middle class, labour and capitalist participated
and congress as an organisation was nowhere.
This was the first mass movement of Gandhi ji.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre – 13 April, 1919.
People were gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in
Amritsar to protest against arrest on Saifuddin
Kitchlew and Satyapal on 13 April 1919.
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On 1st August 1920 Khilafat Committee
launched a Non-Cooperation movement on
triple issues- Punjab wrongs, Khilafat issue and
Demand for Swaraj.
Therefore, Non-Cooperation Movement was
started on 1920.
In October 1920 All India Trade Union
Congress was founded in Bombay by N. M
Joshi, Ray Chaudhary. Presided over by Lala
Lajpat Ray
Akali Movement was started in 1920.
In 1925, SGPC (Shiromani Gurudwara
Prabhandak Committee) was founded.
Congress Khilafat Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Das and Motilal Nehru. Also famous for the
second split in the congress.
In 1927, Workers & Peasant Party (WPP) was
formed at Bombay by S.S Mirajkar, K. N
Juglekar and S.V Ghate.
In 1924, H.R.A (Hindustan Republican
Association) was formed at Kanpur. Its
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members were CS Azad, Sachin Sanyal and
Ramprasad Bismil.
In 1929, HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republic
Association) was formed at Firozeshah Kotla
Delhi. Bhagat Singh joined HSRA.
On 9 Aug, 1925 Kakori Train Dacoit, in this
conspiracy case Ram Prasad Bismil, Rajendra
Lahiri, Roshan Lal and Asafaqullah khan were
hanged to death.
On 23rd March, 1931 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru
and Sukhdev were hanged to death in Lahore
Conspiracy Case.
On 8 November, 1927 Simon Commission was
appointed by the British Conservative
Government under Stanley Baldwin. To inquire
in the working system of Government in the
country after the reform act of 1919.
Nehru Report- 1928 for dominion status,
universal adult franchise, etc.
Jinnah’s 14 point programme on 31st March,
1929.
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1929 Lahore Session of INC presided by
Jawaharlal Nehru where the resolution of
Purna Swaraj was passed by the congress and
decided to launch a Civil Disobedience
movement under the leadership of Gandhi ji.
On 26th January, 1930 Independence Day was
celebrated for the 1st time.
Civil Disobedience Movement was started
with the Dandi March. From 12 March to 6
April , 1930 Gandhi ji along with his 78
followers marched from Sabarmati Ashram to
Dandi and broke the salt law by making salt on
6th April 1930.
On 12 November, 1930 First Round Table
Conference was held.
On 5th March, 1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact was
signed.
On 23rd March, 1931 Trial of Bhagat Singh,
Rajguru and Sukhdev.
On 29 March, 1931 Karachi Session of INC,
presided over by Vallabh Bhai Patel. In this
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session first time a resolution of Fundamental
Rights and Economic policy was passed.
On 7th September, 1931 Second Round Table
Conference was held in which Gandhi ji
participated on the behalf of congress.
On 16th August, 1932 Communal or Ramsay
Macdonald Award was announced.
On 26th September, 1932 Poona pact was
signed.
On November, 1932 Third Round Table
Conference was held.
In 1935, Governmnet of India Act was passed
to create All India Federation, Provincial
Autonomy and Diarchy should be there in the
centre.
Important Congress Sessions:
√ 1936 – Lucknow (UP) – Presided by J.L
Nehru
√ 1937 – Faizpur (Maharashtra) – Presided
by J.L Nehru ( 1st session held in village)
√ 1938 – Haripura (Gujarat) – Presided by
S.C Bose
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√ 1939 – Tripuri (M.P) – Presided by S.C
Bose
On September, 1939 World War II broke out
and India was declared an ally without its
consent.
In 1939 S.C Bose founded Forward Bloc. It was
a left party.
On 10th August, 1940 – August Offer was
announced by Lord Linlithgow viceroy to get
the support of Indians in the Second World
War.
On 11th March, 1942 Prime Minister Winstill
Churchill announced for sending a mission
under the chairmanship of Sir Stafford Cripps
to find out the solution of constitutional
deadlock and problems of Indians.
With the failure of Cripps Mission Quit India
movement was started in 1942 by the Indian
leaders and the resolution of Quit India was
drafted by Gandhi Ji. Gandhi ji gave a call for
Do or Die.
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In 1942 - Indian National Army was founded
by Captain Mohan Singh and Niranjan Gill at
Singapore. S. C Bose took over its command of
2nd Headquarter at Singapore and Rangoon.
On 21st October, 1943 – Azad Hind
Government was set up at Singapore under S.C
Bose. There was a women regiment known as
Rani Jhansi.
In 1945, Second World War was ended.
In 1945
– Shimla
Conference or Wavell
Plan was proposed by Lord Wavell to solve the
political deadlock.
In 1946, Cabinet Mission Plan was announced
by PM Clement Attlee.
On
2nd September,
1946
- Interim
Government was set up under J.L Nehru.
On March, 1947 – Lord Mountbatten was
send to India with an aim to find a way to
transfer of power. Also known as Plan Balkan.
On 3rd June Independence of India Act
1947 was passed by which powers were
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transferred to two Dominion States India and
Pakistan.
List of Various Reforms and Acts during
British India
Name of the Year
Reforms/ Acts
During the
term of
Significance
Prohibition of 1829 Lord William Supported by Raja
Sati & Female
Bentick
Rammohan Roy.
infanticide
Doctrine of
Lapse
1848
Lord
Dalhousie
Indian Council 1861 Lord Canning
Act
Adoption of sons
by rulers in the
absence of their
natural heirs was
banned.
Envisaged
association of
Indians with the
administration at
higher level.
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llbert Bill
1883
Lord Ripon
To bring Indian
and European
magistracy on
equal footing.
Indian Council 1892
Act
Lord
Lansdown
Membership of
central legislative
council was
enlarged.
Morely-Minto 1909 Lord Minto II
Reforms
Separate
electorates to
widen the gulf
between Hindus &
Muslims.
Diarchy
1919 L. Chelmsford
Meaning dual
system of Govt.
Jallianwala
Bagh
Massacre
1919 L. Chelmsford
Massacre at
Jallianwala Bagh in
Amritsar by
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General Knowledge eBook March 2017
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