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Chapter Review
Waves transfer energy and interact in
predictable ways.
CONTENT REVIEW
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KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
1
Waves transfer energy.
Transverse Wave
VOCABULARY
Longitudinal Wave
direction of disturbance
2
direction of disturbance
direction of wave
direction of wave
transfer of energy
transfer of energy
Waves have measurable properties.
VOCABULARY
wavelength
crest
water level
at rest
amplitude
wave p. 489
medium p. 491
mechanical wave
p. 491
transverse wave
p. 493
longitudinal wave
p. 494
crest p. 497
trough p. 497
amplitude p. 497
wavelength p. 497
frequency p. 497
fixed point
trough
Frequency is the number of waves passing a fixed point in
a certain amount of time.
3
Waves behave in predictable ways.
Reflection
510 Unit 4: Waves, Sound, and Light
Refraction
VOCABULARY
Diffraction
reflection p. 505
refraction p. 505
diffraction p. 506
interference p. 507
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Reviewing Vocabulary
Draw a word triangle for each of the terms
below. On the bottom row, write the term
and your own definition of it. Above that,
write a sentence in which you use the term
correctly. At the top, draw a small picture to
show what the term looks like. A sample is
completed for you.
The amplitude of
the wave was 30 cm.
Amplitude is the distance
between a line through the
middle of a wave and a
crest or trough.
1. transverse wave
6. interference
2. diffraction
7. reflection
3. frequency
8. trough
4. medium
9. refraction
5. crest
10. wavelength
Reviewing Key Concepts
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the best
answer.
11. The direction in which a transverse wave
travels is
a. the same direction as the disturbance
b. toward the disturbance
c. from the disturbance downward
d. at right angles to the disturbance
12. An example of a longitudinal wave is a
a. water wave
b. stadium wave
c. sound wave
d. rope wave
13. Which statement best defines a wave medium?
a. the material through which a wave travels
b. a point halfway between the crest and
trough of a wave
c. the distance from one wave crest to the next
d. the speed at which waves travel in water
14. As you increase the amplitude of a wave, you
also increase the
a. frequency
c. speed
b. wavelength
d. energy
15. To identify the amplitude in a longitudinal
wave, you would measure areas of
a. reflection
c. crests
b. compression
d. refraction
16. Which statement describes the relationship
between frequency and wavelength?
a. When frequency increases, wavelength
increases.
b. When frequency increases, wavelength
decreases.
c. When frequency increases, wavelength
remains constant.
d. When frequency increases, wavelength
varies unpredictably.
17. For wave refraction to take place, a wave must
a. increase in velocity
b. enter a new medium
c. increase in frequency
d. merge with another wave
18. Which setup in a wave tank would best enable
you to demonstrate diffraction?
a. water only
b. water and sand
c. water and food coloring
d. water and a barrier with a small gap
19. Two waves come together and interact to form
a new, smaller wave. This process is called
a. destructive interference
b. constructive interference
c. reflective interference
d. positive interference
Chapter 15: Waves 511
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Thinking Critically
Using Math in Science
Use the diagram below to answer the next
two questions.
c
29. At what speed is the wave below traveling if it
has a frequency of 2/s?
1.2 m
a
d
b
20. What two letters in the diagram
measure the same thing? What do they both
measure?
21. In the diagram above, what does the letter c
measure?
Use the diagram below to answer the next
three questions. The diagram shows waves
passing a fixed point.
fixed point
0 seconds
fixed point
wave
30. An ocean wave has a wavelength of 9 m and
a frequency of 0.42/s. What is the wave’s
speed?
31. Suppose a sound wave has a frequency of
10,000/s. The wave’s speed is 340 m/s.
Calculate the wavelength of this sound wave.
32. A water wave is traveling at a speed of
2.5 m/s. The wave has a wavelength of 4 m.
Calculate the frequency of this water wave.
1 second
22. At 0 seconds, no waves have passed. How
many waves have passed after 1 second?
23. What is being measured in the diagram?
24. How would you write the measurement taken
in the diagram?
25. EVALUATE Do you think the following is an
accurate definition of medium? Explain
your answer.
A medium is any solid through which waves
travel.
26. APPLY Picture a pendulum. The pendulum
is swinging back and forth at a steady rate.
How could you make it swing higher? How is
swinging a pendulum like making a wave?
27. PREDICT What might happen to an ocean
wave that encounters a gap or hole in a cliff
along the shore?
28. EVALUATE Do you think interference is an
appropriate name for the types of wave interaction you read about in Section 15.3? Explain
your answer.
512 Unit 4: Waves, Sound, and Light
33. INTERPRET Look back at the photograph at the
start of the chapter on pages 486–487. How
does this photograph illustrate a transfer of
energy?
34. SYNTHESIZE Describe three situations in which
you can predict the behavior of waves.
35. SUMMARIZE Write a paragraph summarizing
this chapter. Use the big idea from page 486
as the topic sentence. Then write an example
from each of the key concepts listed under
the big idea.
If you are doing a unit project, make a folder for
your project. Include in your folder a list of the
resources you will need, the date on which the
project is due, and a schedule to track your
progress. Begin gathering data.
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Standardized Test Practice
For practice on your
state test, go to . . .
TEST PRACTICE
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Interpreting Diagrams
Study the illustration below and then answer the questions.
The illustration below shows a wave channel, a way of making and studying
water waves. The motor moves the rod, which moves the paddle back and forth.
The movement of the paddle makes waves, which move down the length of the
channel. The material behind the paddle absorbs the waves generated in that
direction.
rod
paddle
motor
sand
1. An experimenter can adjust the position of the rod
on the arm of the motor. Placing it closer to the
motor makes shallower waves. Placing it farther
from the motor makes deeper waves.
What property of waves does this affect?
a. amplitude
b. direction
c. frequency
d. wavelength
3. Sand is piled up in the channel at the end of the
tank opposite the motor. When waves pass over
this sand, their wavelengths shorten. Assuming
that the speed of the waves stays the same, their
frequency
a. stays the same
b. increases
2. By changing motor speeds, an experimenter can
make the paddle move faster or slower. What
property of waves does this affect?
a. amplitude
b. direction
c. trough depth
d. wavelength
4. Suppose there was no sand at the end of the tank
opposite the paddle. In that case, the waves would
hit the glass wall. What would they do then?
c. decreases
d. cannot be predicted
a.
b.
c.
d.
stop
reflect
refract
diffract
Extended Response
Answer the two questions below in detail.
5. Suppose temperatures in one 10-day period were
as follows: 94˚, 96˚, 95˚, 97˚, 95˚, 98˚, 99˚, 97˚, 99˚,
and 98˚. Make a simple line graph of the data.
In what ways is the series of temperatures similar
to a wave, and in what ways does it differ?
6. Lydia and Bill each drop a ball of the same size
into the same tank of water but at two different
spots. Both balls produce waves that spread across
the surface of the water. As the two sets of waves
cross each other, the water forms high crests in
some places. What can you say about both waves?
Explain your answer.
Chapter 15: Waves 513