Name:
Period:
(Academic)
7th Grade Science: Semester Review – Spring 2012
Part I: Due Date Wednesday, May 22nd
The final exam will cover the following topics:
1. Heredity and Genetics
2. Natural Selection
3. Survival and Adaptations
4. Classification &
Dichotomous Keys
5.
Matter & Energy Cycles
(Ecology)
Biomes and Water
Ecosystems (and
Succession)
7.
Weathering, Erosion,
Deposition, and
6.
Catastrophic Events
8. Texas Ecoregions, and
Water
9. Space
Not all of this information is in your book. Textbook pages are provided that can help you, however your old class notes will
be the best place to find these answers. Vocabulary is at the end of this packet .
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Catastrophic Events – Pages 224-231; 235-236; 252-265; 275-277; 286-290
1.
Weathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth’s surface.
2.
3.
Erosion is the process by which wind, water, waves, gravity, or glaciers move fragments of rock and soil
Deposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it and is put down in a
new area.
4.
There are two types of weathering. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks down into smaller pieces, while Chemical
weathering breaks rocks down through chemical changes.
5.
Type of rock and climate affect the rate of weathering.
6.
Soil is the loose, weathered material that forms the upper layer of Earth’s crust. It is composed of weathered rock and
decayed organic material
7.
The decayed organic material in soil is humus.
8.
What is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil? bedrock
9.
Sediment is small, solid particles of material from rocks or organisms that are moved by water or wind, resulting in
erosion and deposition.
10. Name the agents of erosion and deposition.
a. Moving water
b. Waves
d. Wind
e. Gravity (mass movement)
c. Glaciers
11. What is the major agent of erosion on Earth’s crust? Moving water
12. What is the major force of erosion along coasts? Waves
13. Where is the wind most effective in causing erosion? Desert
14. What type of landform can be produced by wind at the beach? Sand dunes
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15. Label the layers of the Earth.
Crust
Outer core
Inner core
Mantle
16. The following landforms were shaped by the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition.
a.
Label the following: Meander, Oxbow
V-Shaped Valley
lake, Flood plain, V-shaped valley
Meander
Oxbow lake
Flood plain
17. A natural hazard is an event that results from Earth processes and that can cause damage and endanger human
life.
18. Hurricanes and earthquakes create changes on the Earth’s surface. These are two examples of natural hazards.
Name two more examples. Tornadoes & floods
19. Know how each natural hazard impacts both the Earth and humans. Example: How do floods affect humans and
the environment? (Attach your “Catastrophic Events” chart.)
Water
1. The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a watershed.
What separates one of these from another one of these? Drainage divide
2. An underground body of sand, gravel, or fractured (broken) rock, filled with water and capable of supplying
useful quantities of water to a well or spring is called a(n) aquifer.
3. The addition of water to an aquifer is known as recharge, while the flow or pumping of water from an aquifer is
called discharge.
4. A well is a hole that is drilled into the Earth that reaches the water table of an aquifer. The hole that is drilled is
typically much deeper than the water table creating a fairly consistent water supply.
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5. In groundwater, the water table is the dividing line between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone.
topsoil
Please label the following diagram using
Unsaturated zone
these words: saturated zone;
Permeable layers
unsaturated zone; permeable layers;
Saturated zone
topsoil
6. Label the Water Cycle diagram using this word bank: condensation; evaporation; groundwater; precipitation;
runoff, infiltration, drainage divide
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
Drainage
divide
runoff
infiltration
groundwater
7. Human activity can affect groundwater and surface water in a watershed.
a. Loss of vegetation causes more erosion of soil. Vegetation is important because it:
i. Holds soil in place and keeps it from washing away.
ii. Slows erosion by getting in the way of moving surface water.
iii. Absorb and remove contaminants in the water.
b. When too much groundwater is removed it can cause subsidence.
c. What are the two types of pollution? Give examples of each.
i. Point Source Pollution—a single, identifiable and localized source of water pollution, such
as waste water discharge into a stream (ex: waste from factories, water treatment plants,
and sewers)
ii. Non-Point Source Pollution—pollutants introduced into surface or groundwater that are
without specific location source (ex. Fertilizers, sediment, animal waste, vehicle waste,
toxic chemicals, cleaning supplies, litter)
d. Humans add fertilizer to crops and lawns. Runoff carries this fertilizer to the water leading to algal blooms.
Once these blooms are over, decomposition of all the extra biomass leads to low oxygen levels in the water
and may lead to dead zones.
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e. Humans add fertilizer to crops and lawns. Runoff carries this fertilizer to the water leading to algal blooms.
Once these blooms are over, decomposition of all the extra biomass leads to low oxygen levels in the water
and may produce dead zones.
Texas Eco-regions
Use the map of Texas to label the Ecoregions and tell something about the Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition in
each one.
A. Big Bend Country - Soil comes from the weathering and erosion of the Guadalupe and Davis Mountains.
B. Panhandle Plains - Palo Duro Canyon formed due to weathering and erosion by a river.
C. Prairies and Lakes - Soil loss from heavy farming through wind and runoff
D. Pineywoods - Man-made dams prevent soil from flowing down river.
E. Hill Country - Enchanted Rock shows what specific form of mechanical weathering? Release of pressure
(Exfoliation) The caves in the Edward’s Plateau were formed by chemical weathering.
F. South Texas Plains - Erosion caused by livestock over-grazing the area.
G. Gulf Coast - Waves erode beaches along the coast. Marshes are formed by erosion and deposition of sediment.
Part I Vocabulary List
Changing Earth
Weathering
Mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering
Ice wedging
Abrasion
Soil
Humus
Bedrock
Erosion
Sediment
Deposition
Mass movement
Glacier
Sand dune
Beach
Runoff
Gully
Stream
River
Meander
Oxbow lake
Flood plain
Natural Hazards
Natural hazard
Catastrophic event
Man-made catastrophe
Landslide / rockslide
Mudslide / mudflow
Tornado
Flood
Drought
Wildfire
Tropical storm
Hurricane
Storm surge
Hurricane watch
Hurricane warning
Saffir-Simpson Scale
Water
Water Cycle
Watershed
Drainage Divide
Surface Water
Groundwater
Aquifer
Water Table
Permeable Rock
Impermeable Rock
Saturated Zone
Unsaturated Zone
Well
Groundwater Discharge
Groundwater Recharge
Infiltration
Subsidence
Point Source Water Pollution
Non-Point Source Water Pollution
Fertilizer
Algal Bloom
Dead Zone
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